第二十二讲 九年级全 Units13--14
wood (n.)→_____ (adj.)木制的
harm(n.) →_____(adj.) 有害的
transport (v.) →_______ (n.)交通
inspire (v.)→______(n.)鼓舞人心的人或事
graduate (v.) →_______(n.)毕业
manage ( v. ) →_______(n.)经理
congratulate(v.)→______(n . )恭喜，祝贺
thank (v.)→_______(adj. ) 感激的
cost(v.)→____(过去式）→________ (过去分词）花费
create(v.) →_______(adj.）→
______(n.)创造力
overcome→_____(过去式）克服
fisherman→________(复数）
advantage→______(反义词）缺点
caring(adj.)→____(v.)→_____(n.)→______ (adj.)仔细的，认真的
→_______(形容词的反义词）
gentleman→_______(复数）
law→_______(n.)律师
起作用；有影响_______________
参加 _______________
关掉 _________________
付费；付出代价________________
扔掉；抛弃_______________________
好好利用某物 _______________
拆下；摧毁________________
上下颠倒；倒转 ________________
恢复；使想起；归还 _________________
在.....方面起作用 _______________
砍倒 _______________
代替；而不是________________
对...有害 ________________
建立________________
在....顶部或顶端 _______________
弄得一团糟 _________________
沉住气；保持冷静 _________________
采取行动 ________________
首先 ________________
渴望；渴求 _________________
回首（往事）回忆；回顾 ___________
对...有责任；负责任 __________________
出发；启程 __________________
分离；隔开____________________
减少空气污染____________________
濒监灭绝的动物_________________
在...的帮助下______________________
在学校大门口____________________
◆考点 1 the number of ...的数量或总数
考向：辨析the number of 与a number of
the number of
意为“...的数量或总数”，后可接可数名词的复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
The number of the students in this class is fifty .
这个班的学生人数是50.
a number of
意为“大量的，许多的”，后可接可数名词的复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
A number of students in this class are here now .
这个班的许多学生已经到了。
◆考点突破
（2017，河北） The number of the people in our company ______ (be) more than 50. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
◆考点2 afford v. 承担得起（后果）；买得起
考向：常与can (could)/be able to 连用，其后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语，常用于否定句或疑问句中。
eg : Can they afford the new house ?
他们能买得起那座新房子吗？
I can’t afford to go abroad.
我负担不起去国外的费用。
How can you afford so much money for a car ?
你怎么付得起这么多钱买一辆小轿车呢？
◆考点突破
（2017，山东）---What _____the number of the students in your school?21教育名师原创作品
----About two thousand. A number of them ____ from the countryside .
A is ; are B is ; is C. are ; is D. are are
◆考点3 bring back 恢复，使想起；归还
eg:A rocket can bring back information which is important to us.
火箭能够带回对我胶重要的信息。
考向：bring的其他相关词组
bring along 把....一起带来
bring...out 发表，拿出
bring up 抚养，呕吐
bring in 引来，引进，介绍，领...进来
bring ...forward 提出，提前
bring about 带来，造成
◆考点突破
3 （2017，四川） Living together can _________(使...显示) the best and the worst in people
考点4 method n. 方法；措施
考向：辨析method , way
表示用某种方法
method 通常与 by 搭配
The exam is conducted by the oral method . 考试以口试的方式进行。
way 与in 搭配
Only in this way can you do it well . 你只有用这种办法才能把它做好。
表示做某事的方法
method 后通常加of doing sth .
It’s not the proper method of brushing teeth 那不是刷牙的正确方法 。
way后可加to do sth 或of doing sth .
This is the best way to learn English这是学习英语的最好方法。
拓展：with the method =by the method =in this way 用这种方法
◆考点突破
4 （2017，山东) There was only one way ______(get ) money .
考点5 set out 出发，启程
eg : The train will set out in two hours .
火车将在两个小时后出发。
考向1：set的其他相关词语
set up 竖起，建立
set off 出发
set about 开始
set an example to 树立榜样
考向2：中考常考的out 的短语
put out 熄灭
come out 出来，出版
work out 算出
give out 分发
go out 外出
look out 小心
run out（of) 用尽
sell out 脱销，卖掉
eg : Tickets for the show sold out in 70 minutes . 21·cn·jy·com
演出门票在70分钟内即告售光。
◆考点突破
(2017，浙江）As the road to the airport is under repair , we will have to _______ early to get there in time . 2-1-c-n-j-y
A turn off B. take off C. put off D. set off
（2017，四川）公交车上的火很快被熄灭了。
The fire on the bus was ______ _______ soon .
考点6 congratulate v.
考向1：常用短语
congratulate sb on ..
就...向某人表示祝贺
We congratulated him in having passed the exam .
我们祝愿他通过了考试。
考向2：其名词为congratulation , 常表示祝贺某人取得成功、成绩等。
◆考点突破
（2017，山东）---Hi, Lucy . Our school won the football match yesterday .
---- _______
A Congratulations !
B What a pity !
C No problem
D Never mind
◆ 现在进行时
现在时行时的构成：
助动词be+动词ing 形式。
现在进行进的用法：
表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也表示现阶段或当前一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与now , look , listen , these days等埋单状语连用。
They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球。
Listen! She is singing an English song 听！她正在唱英语歌。
We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。
Look! The children are flying kites in the park 看！孩子们正在公园放风筝。21世纪教育网版权所有
现在进行的句式：
肯定句式：主语+be( am , is , are ) +动词ing 形式+其他。
She is singing in the room她正在房间里唱歌。
否定句式： 主语+be (am, is , are )+not+动词ing +其他。
She isn’t singing in the room 她没有房间里唱歌。
一般疑问句：Be(am , is ,are )+主语+动词ing +其他？
Is she singing in the room ? 她正在房间里唱歌吗？
特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is , are)+主语+动词ing +其他？
What is she doing in the room ?她正在房间里干什么？
◆考点突破
（2107，海南） ----Tony , could you give me a hand ?
----Wait a minute . I _____ .
A lock the door B. will lock the door
C am locking the door D. was locking the door
（2017， 江西）----You’re in a hurry . Where are you going ?
---To the cinema . Sue ______ for me outside .
A waits B. waited C. is waiting D. was waiting
◆现在完成时
现在完成时的定义：
表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
----It’s so dark . 这么黑。
----Someone has turned off the light . 有人已经把灯关了。
（有人刚把灯关了，对现在造成的结果是：现在很黑）
表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“since+过去的时间点”，“for+一段时间”，so far等时间状语连用。
I have lived here for three years.
我已经住在这儿3年了。（从3年看开始，持续到现在还住在这儿）
I have lived here since 2011
自从2011看我就住在这儿。（从2011年开始，持续到现在还住这儿）
现在完成时的构成及句式：
基本结构：主语+ have/has+动词的过去分词
肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
否定句： 主语+haven’t/hasn’t+动词的过去词+其他
一般疑问句：Have/Has +主语+动词的过去分词+其他
简略答语：Yes, 主语+have/has.(肯定）
No, 主语+haven’t /hasn’t .（否定）
动词过式、过去分词的变化规则：
规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”.
work-- worked--worked, visit --visited --visited 21教育网
(2) 以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加 “d”.
live --- lived ---lived
(3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将“y”变为 “i”, 再加“ed”.
study ---studied ---studied , cry --cried --cried 21·世纪*教育网
重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”.
stop --- stopped ---stopped , drop ---dropped ---dropped
完在完成时的标志词：
常与just, already , yet , ever , never , before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。 www-2-1-cnjy-com
Have you ever been to Japan?你曾经去过日本吗？
I have just finished my homework 我刚刚完成我的作业。
for+时间段；since +过去时间点。
They have known each other for five years. 他们已经相互认识5年了。
Since he was five , he has lived in England . 自从5岁，他就住在英国。
◆考点突破
(2017,北京）Miss Lin ____ a lot of work for the poor area since 2010.
A does B. did C. has done D. will do
（2017，河北） Monica, you _____ the exam ! Congratulations!
A pass B. have passed C will pass D. are passing
◆被动语态
动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态分为主动语态与被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语为谓语动词动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语为谓语动词动作的承受者。被动语态的基本构成为“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”， 时态通过be的变化来体现。各个进态的被动语态形式大致可归纳如下：【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am/is/are+given
am/is/are being given
has / have been given
过去
was/were+given
was / were being given
had been given
将来
shall/will be given
-----
shall / will have given
过去将来
should/would be given
-----
should / would have been given
含有情态动词
can / should / must /could be given
2被动语态主要在下面几种情况中使用：
不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁（这时不带由by引起的短语）
Such books are written for children 这些书是为儿童写的。
We haven’t been told about it 没有人通知我们这件事。
动作的承受者是谈话的中心（这时可带由by引起的短语）
The book was written by Lu Xun . 这本书是由鲁迅写的。
Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries . 许多国家已向太空发射了人造卫星。 【出处：21教育名师】
出于礼貌等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。
He was asked to give a talk about how to learn English well.
他被要求做关于怎样学好英语的报告。
被动语态的注意事项：
“主语+连系动词+表语”的句子没有被动语态。
there be 结构没有被动语态。
主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态。
句子是主谓结构时，没有被动语态。也就是说， 不及物动词没有被动语态。
有些不及物动词加介词构成及物动词短语，如果变成被动语态，注意不能把动词后的介词丢掉。
主动语态中， 在make , let , hear , see , watch , notice等词后跟省略to的动词不定式，但在被动语态中，to不可省略。
◆考点突破
（2016，杭州）To my great surprise , the famous athlete’s story ____ differently in the newspapers. 2·1·c·n·j·y
A was reported B. reported C. was reporting D. reports
（2017，贵州）Driving after drinking wine _____ in China .
A is not allowed B. are not allowed C. is not allowing
◆特殊疑问句的用法
概念：用疑问代词或疑问副词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。朗读时通常用降调。常见的疑问代词有：who, whom , whose , which , what等；疑问副词有when , where , why , how等。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no 回答。（疑问词简记：8个W 1个H）【版权所有：21教育】
（1）倒装结构：疑问词+一般疑问句（语序）？
Where did you go yesterday ?
昨天你去哪儿？
陈述语序：疑问词+谓语+宾语/状语？
Who wants to help me ?谁想帮我？
就画线部分提问简记为：
一选二改三调 ：一选指根据画线部分选择合适的疑问词；二改指去掉画线部分把剩下的部分改为一般疑问句；三调指调整句子语序，即“疑问句+一般疑问句（语序）21*cnjy*com
◆考点突破
（2017，山东）_____are you going to buy for your father for Father’s Day ?
----A T-shirt
A What B. When C. Where D. How
◆一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时
1、一般现在时的用法
含义：表示经常性或习惯的动作或当前存在的状态。
句式结构：肯定句： be 型 主语+am/is/are+其他。
实义动词型 主语+实义动词原型或第三人称单数形式+其他。
标志词语：sometime , often , usually , always, every day/week/year , once a week
I’m a teacher 我是一名教师。
Is your school beautiful ?你的学校漂亮吗？
一般过去时的用法
含义
表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态
句式结构
肯定句
be型
主语+was/were+其他
实义动词型
主语+实义动词的过去式+其他
否定句
be 型
主语+was/were+not+其他
实义动语
主语+didn’t +实义动词原形+其他。
一般疑问句
be 型
Was /Were +主语+其他？
实义动词
Did + 主语+实义动词原形+其他？
标志词语
Yesterday , last week , two months ago , the day before yesterday , in 1990 等 。
规则动词的过去式变化
一般情况直接加ed
以不发音e结尾的动词，加d.
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，先把y变为i,再加ed
重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该字母，再加ed .
一般将来时
含义：表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
句式结构：will /shall 型
be going to 型
标志词语：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow , next week ,in the future , in three days
◆考点突破
(2017,江苏） My grandmother ____ in Yangzhou. She was born there and has never lived anywhere else .
A lived B. lives C. was living D. will live
选择题
1.----Alice , would you mind not playing the guitar? I _____ on the phone .
-----Oh, sorry , mom.
A talked B. talk C. was talking D. am talking
----Hey, Tom . Let’s go swimming .
----Just a moment . I ______ a message .
A send B. sent C. am sending D. have sent
Since 2009,Jingmen has become a new city . Everything _____ .
A is changed B. was changed C. had changed D. has changed
My sister has learned English ______ .
A for twelve years ago B. since she was four
C twelve years ago D. at the age of four
Teenagers _______ allowed to drive .
A should not be B. should be not C. not should be D. be not should 21cnjy.com
----A new park _____ in our hometown next year.
----Really ? Our hometown must be more beautiful .
A will build B. will be built C. is built D. will built be
Not only my friends but also I ____ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star .
A be B. am C. is D. are
It’s sunny . Let’s go sighting _____ watching TV in our hotel room .
A thanks to B. instead of C. as well as D instead
My dream hometown is an amazing place _____ any pollution .
A with B. without C. out D. in
You can improve your English _____ practicing more .
A by B with C. of D. in
Mr. Wang is strongly _____ keeping animals in the zoo, because he thinks animals should also enjoy freedom .
A up B. for C. against D. down
I still remember my first teacher _____ we haven’t seen each other for many years .
A for B. because C. since D. though
The company wants to _____ a school for the poor children
A put off B. set up C. call in D. look after.
----I feel stressed from time to time . Could you give me some advice ?
----- _____sharing your worries with your parents ?
A Why don’t you B How about C. Why not D. Would you like
My parents told us _____ computer games .
A not playing B. not to play C not play D. not to playing
She ______ live with her grandparents , but she doesn’t know .
A used to B. is used to C. was used to D. used to be
----What do you thin of “Eat-up” Campaign(光盘行动）？
----I think it’s really necessary . It is reported that the food that Chinese people _____ every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year .
A eat B. have C. waste D. make
----How often do you ______ your brother ?
----Once a month.
A hear from B. hear of C. hear to D. hear about
Our English teacher often says to us , “____English well is very important.”
A Learn B. Learning C. Learned D. To learning
----I’m new here.
----- Don’t worry . I’ll do what I can _____ you
A help B. to help C. invite D to invite
The man called his professor for help because he couldn’t solve the problem by _____. www.21-cn-jy.com
A herself B. himself C. yourself D. themselves
----Hi, Tina._____ are you going for your vacation ?
----- Hmm.... I think I’m going to Shanghai .
A How B. Where C. When D. Why
Mike is from America. He ______ English .
A spoke B. will speak C. speaks D. had spoken
I _____ a mistake . Please don’t be angry with me .
A make B. made C. will make D. had made
This term ____ over . The summer vacation is coming in two weeks .
A is B. was C has been D. will be
My parents ____ me a new iPad for my birthday next month .
A bought B. buy C. buys D. will buy
----How are you going to be a basketball player ?
-----I _____ every day .
A am going to practice playing basketball
B am going to study math
C am going to take acting lesson
D am going to study computer science
Nancy _____ a bus to school , but now she rides a bike .
A is used to taking B. was used to take
C used to take D. used to taking
The famous player decided to ____ playing football matches forever because he is not energetic enough . 21*cnjy*com
A put off B. deal with C break off D. give up
He _____an English club last year and has improved his English a lot .
A protected B produced C. joined D. received
第二十二讲 九年级全 Units13--14
wood (n.)→wooden (adj.)木制的
harm(n.) → harmful (adj.) 有害的
transport (v.) →transportation (n.)交通
inspire (v.)→inspiration(n.)鼓舞人心的人或事
graduate (v.) →graduation(n.)毕业
manage ( v. ) →manager(n.)经理
congratulate(v.)→congratulation(n . )恭喜，祝贺
thank (v.)→thankful (adj. ) 感激的
cost(v.)→cost(过去式）→cost (过去分词）花费
create(v.) →creative (adj.）→
creation (n.)创造力
overcome→overcame(过去式）克服
fisherman→fishermen(复数）
advantage→disadvantage(反义词）缺点
caring(adj.)→care(v.)→care(n.)→careful (adj.)仔细的，认真的
→careless(形容词的反义词）
gentleman→gentlemen(复数）
law→lawyer(n.)律师
起作用；有影响make a difference
参加 take part in
关掉 turn off
付费；付出代价pay for
扔掉；抛弃throw away
好好利用某物 put sth to good use
拆下；摧毁 pull down
上下颠倒；倒转 upside down
恢复；使想起；归还 bring back
在.....方面起作用 play a part in
砍倒 cut down
代替；而不是instead of
对...有害 be harmful of
建立set up
在....顶部或顶端 at the top of
弄得一团糟 make a mess
沉住气；保持冷静 keep one’s cool
采取行动 take action
首先 first of all
渴望；渴求 be thirsty for
回首（往事）回忆；回顾 look back at
对...有责任；负责任 be responsible for
出发；启程 set out
分离；隔开separate from
减少空气污染 cut down air pollution
濒监灭绝的动物endangered animals
在...的帮助下with one’s help = with the help of
在学校大门口at the gate of the school
◆考点 1 the number of ...的数量或总数
考向：辨析the number of 与a number of
the number of
意为“...的数量或总数”，后可接可数名词的复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
The number of the students in this class is fifty .
这个班的学生人数是50.
a number of
意为“大量的，许多的”，后可接可数名词的复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
A number of students in this class are here now .
这个班的许多学生已经到了。
◆考点突破
（2017，河北） The number of the people in our company ______ (be) more than 50. 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
【答案】is
【解析】the number of后接复数名词作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。
◆考点2 afford v. 承担得起（后果）；买得起
考向：常与can (could)/be able to 连用，其后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语，常用于否定句或疑问句中。【出处：21教育名师】
eg : Can they afford the new house ?
他们能买得起那座新房子吗？
I can’t afford to go abroad.
我负担不起去国外的费用。
How can you afford so much money for a car ?
你怎么付得起这么多钱买一辆小轿车呢？
◆考点突破
（2017，山东）---What _____the number of the students in your school?
----About two thousand. A number of them ____ from the countryside .
A is ; are B is ; is C. are ; is D. are are
【答案】A
【解析】the number of 表数量，动词用单数；a number of 表示“许多”，后跟复数名词，动词用复数。
◆考点3 bring back 恢复，使想起；归还
eg:A rocket can bring back information which is important to us.
火箭能够带回对我胶重要的信息。
考向：bring的其他相关词组
bring along 把....一起带来
bring...out 发表，拿出
bring up 抚养，呕吐
bring in 引来，引进，介绍，领...进来
bring ...forward 提出，提前
bring about 带来，造成
◆考点突破
3 （2017，四川） Living together can _________(使...显示) the best and the worst in people
【答案】bring out
考点4 method n. 方法；措施
考向：辨析method , way
表示用某种方法
method 通常与 by 搭配
The exam is conducted by the oral method . 考试以口试的方式进行。
way 与in 搭配
Only in this way can you do it well . 你只有用这种办法才能把它做好。
表示做某事的方法
method 后通常加of doing sth .
It’s not the proper method of brushing teeth 那不是刷牙的正确方法 。
way后可加to do sth 或of doing sth .
This is the best way to learn English这是学习英语的最好方法。
拓展：with the method =by the method =in this way 用这种方法
◆考点突破
4 （2017，山东) There was only one way ______(get ) money .
【答案】to get
考点5 set out 出发，启程
eg : The train will set out in two hours .
火车将在两个小时后出发。
考向1：set的其他相关词语
set up 竖起，建立
set off 出发
set about 开始
set an example to 树立榜样
考向2：中考常考的out 的短语
put out 熄灭
come out 出来，出版
work out 算出
give out 分发
go out 外出
look out 小心
run out（of) 用尽
sell out 脱销，卖掉
eg : Tickets for the show sold out in 70 minutes . 21*cnjy*com
演出门票在70分钟内即告售光。
◆考点突破
(2017，浙江）As the road to the airport is under repair , we will have to _______ early to get there in time .
A turn off B. take off C. put off D. set off
【答案】D
【解析】set off动身，出发 turn off关掉；take off脱下，起飞 put off 推迟
（2017，四川）公交车上的火很快被熄灭了。
The fire on the bus was ______ _______ soon .
【答案】put out
考点6 congratulate v.
考向1：常用短语
congratulate sb on ..
就...向某人表示祝贺
We congratulated him in having passed the exam .
我们祝愿他通过了考试。
考向2：其名词为congratulation , 常表示祝贺某人取得成功、成绩等。
◆考点突破
（2017，山东）---Hi, Lucy . Our school won the football match yesterday . 21·世纪*教育网
---- _______
A Congratulations !
B What a pity !
C No problem
D Never mind
【答案】A
【解析】由句意“我们学校赢了昨天的足球赛，”可知应向对方表示祝贺。Congratulations 祝贺 ；What a pity 真遗憾; No problem 没问题； Never mind 别介意
◆ 现在进行时
现在时行时的构成：
助动词be+动词ing 形式。
现在进行进的用法：
表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也表示现阶段或当前一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与now , look , listen , these days等埋单状语连用。
They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球。
Listen! She is singing an English song 听！她正在唱英语歌。
We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。
Look! The children are flying kites in the park 看！孩子们正在公园放风筝。
现在进行的句式：
肯定句式：主语+be( am , is , are ) +动词ing 形式+其他。
She is singing in the room她正在房间里唱歌。
否定句式： 主语+be (am, is , are )+not+动词ing +其他。
She isn’t singing in the room 她没有房间里唱歌。
一般疑问句：Be(am , is ,are )+主语+动词ing +其他？
Is she singing in the room ? 她正在房间里唱歌吗？
特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is , are)+主语+动词ing +其他？
What is she doing in the room ?她正在房间里干什么？
◆考点突破
（2107，海南） ----Tony , could you give me a hand ?
----Wait a minute . I _____ .
A lock the door B. will lock the door
C am locking the door D. was locking the door
【答案】C
【解析】前者问“托尼，你能帮我一下吗？”，后者回答“等一下，我正在锁门”。故选C。
（2017， 江西）----You’re in a hurry . Where are you going ?
---To the cinema . Sue ______ for me outside .
A waits B. waited C. is waiting D. was waiting
【答案】C
【解析】由问句句意“你很匆忙，你要去哪里？”可知答语句意为“去电影院。苏正在外面等着我”，故答语应使用现在进行时，其构成为：am/is/are +v-ing ，故选C。 www.21-cn-jy.com
◆现在完成时
现在完成时的定义：
表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
----It’s so dark . 这么黑。
----Someone has turned off the light . 有人已经把灯关了。
（有人刚把灯关了，对现在造成的结果是：现在很黑）
表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“since+过去的时间点”，“for+一段时间”，so far等时间状语连用。
I have lived here for three years.
我已经住在这儿3年了。（从3年看开始，持续到现在还住在这儿）
I have lived here since 2011
自从2011看我就住在这儿。（从2011年开始，持续到现在还住这儿）
现在完成时的构成及句式：
基本结构：主语+ have/has+动词的过去分词
肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
否定句： 主语+haven’t/hasn’t+动词的过去词+其他
一般疑问句：Have/Has +主语+动词的过去分词+其他
简略答语：Yes, 主语+have/has.(肯定）
No, 主语+haven’t /hasn’t .（否定）
动词过式、过去分词的变化规则：
规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”.
work-- worked--worked, visit --visited --visited 2-1-c-n-j-y
(2) 以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加 “d”.
live --- lived ---lived
(3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将“y”变为 “i”, 再加“ed”.
study ---studied ---studied , cry --cried --cried 21cnjy.com
重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”.
stop --- stopped ---stopped , drop ---dropped ---dropped
完在完成时的标志词：
常与just, already , yet , ever , never , before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。
Have you ever been to Japan?你曾经去过日本吗？
I have just finished my homework 我刚刚完成我的作业。
for+时间段；since +过去时间点。
They have known each other for five years. 他们已经相互认识5年了。
Since he was five , he has lived in England . 自从5岁，他就住在英国。
◆考点突破
(2017,北京）Miss Lin ____ a lot of work for the poor area since 2010.
A does B. did C. has done D. will do
【答案】C
【解析】句意：自从2010年起林老师为贫困地区做了很多工作。由句中的since 时间状语可知用现在完成时。故答案C。
（2017，河北） Monica, you _____ the exam ! Congratulations!
A pass B. have passed C will pass D. are passing
【答案】B
【解析】A项是动词原形，用于一般现在时，B项是现在完成时的结构；C项是一般将来时的结构；D项是现在进行时的结构。由后句“祝贺（你）”可知已经通过了考试。表示过去发生的某个动作对对现在造成的影响应用现在完成时。故选B。
◆被动语态
动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态分为主动语态与被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语为谓语动词动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语为谓语动词动作的承受者。被动语态的基本构成为“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”， 时态通过be的变化来体现。各个进态的被动语态形式大致可归纳如下：
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am/is/are+given
am/is/are being given
has / have been given
过去
was/were+given
was / were being given
had been given
将来
shall/will be given
-----
shall / will have given
过去将来
should/would be given
-----
should / would have been given
含有情态动词
can / should / must /could be given
2被动语态主要在下面几种情况中使用：
不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁（这时不带由by引起的短语）
Such books are written for children 这些书是为儿童写的。
We haven’t been told about it 没有人通知我们这件事。
动作的承受者是谈话的中心（这时可带由by引起的短语）
The book was written by Lu Xun . 这本书是由鲁迅写的。
Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries . 许多国家已向太空发射了人造卫星。 21教育网
出于礼貌等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。
He was asked to give a talk about how to learn English well.
他被要求做关于怎样学好英语的报告。
被动语态的注意事项：
“主语+连系动词+表语”的句子没有被动语态。
there be 结构没有被动语态。
主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态。
句子是主谓结构时，没有被动语态。也就是说， 不及物动词没有被动语态。
有些不及物动词加介词构成及物动词短语，如果变成被动语态，注意不能把动词后的介词丢掉。
主动语态中， 在make , let , hear , see , watch , notice等词后跟省略to的动词不定式，但在被动语态中，to不可省略。
◆考点突破
（2016，杭州）To my great surprise , the famous athlete’s story ____ differently in the newspapers. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A was reported B. reported C. was reporting D. reports
【答案】A
【解析】句意：令我感到十分惊奇的是，那位著名运动员的故事在报纸上被报道得不一样。故事应当是“被报道”，所以应当用被动语态，被动语态的构成为“ be +及物动词的过去分词。”故选A。
（2017，贵州）Driving after drinking wine _____ in China .
A is not allowed B. are not allowed C. is not allowing
【答案】A
【解析】动名词短语作主语相当第三人称单数。根据句意：酒后驾车是不被允许的。所以需要被动语态。 故选A。 【版权所有：21教育】
◆特殊疑问句的用法
概念：用疑问代词或疑问副词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。朗读时通常用降调。常见的疑问代词有：who, whom , whose , which , what等；疑问副词有when , where , why , how等。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no 回答。（疑问词简记：8个W 1个H）21教育名师原创作品
（1）倒装结构：疑问词+一般疑问句（语序）？
Where did you go yesterday ?
昨天你去哪儿？
陈述语序：疑问词+谓语+宾语/状语？
Who wants to help me ?谁想帮我？
就画线部分提问简记为：
一选二改三调 ：一选指根据画线部分选择合适的疑问词；二改指去掉画线部分把剩下的部分改为一般疑问句；三调指调整句子语序，即“疑问句+一般疑问句（语序）
◆考点突破
（2017，山东）_____are you going to buy for your father for Father’s Day ?
----A T-shirt
A What B. When C. Where D. How
【答案】A
【解析】what “什么”；when “何时”；where “在哪里”；how “怎样”。由答语“A T-shirt” 可推知问句句意为“你打算父亲节给你的买什么？”
◆一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时
1、一般现在时的用法
含义：表示经常性或习惯的动作或当前存在的状态。
句式结构：肯定句： be 型 主语+am/is/are+其他。
实义动词型 主语+实义动词原型或第三人称单数形式+其他。
标志词语：sometime , often , usually , always, every day/week/year , once a week
I’m a teacher 我是一名教师。
Is your school beautiful ?你的学校漂亮吗？
一般过去时的用法
含义
表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态
句式结构
肯定句
be型
主语+was/were+其他
实义动词型
主语+实义动词的过去式+其他
否定句
be 型
主语+was/were+not+其他
实义动语
主语+didn’t +实义动词原形+其他。
一般疑问句
be 型
Was /Were +主语+其他？
实义动词
Did + 主语+实义动词原形+其他？
标志词语
Yesterday , last week , two months ago , the day before yesterday , in 1990 等 。
规则动词的过去式变化
一般情况直接加ed
以不发音e结尾的动词，加d.
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，先把y变为i,再加ed
重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该字母，再加ed .
一般将来时
含义：表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
句式结构：will /shall 型
be going to 型
标志词语：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow , next week ,in the future , in three days
◆考点突破
(2017,江苏） My grandmother ____ in Yangzhou. She was born there and has never lived anywhere else .
A lived B. lives C. was living D. will live
【答案】B
【解析】根据后句句意“她出生在那儿，从来没有居住在其他任何地方”可知前句句意为“我奶奶住在扬州”，故用一般现在时，所以选B。 21*cnjy*com
选择题
1.----Alice , would you mind not playing the guitar? I _____ on the phone .
-----Oh, sorry , mom.
A talked B. talk C. was talking D. am talking
【答案】D
【解析】结合句意“艾丽斯，你介意不弹吉它吗？ 我正在打电话。”“噢，对不起，妈妈。”推知艾丽斯的妈妈正在接电话，所以用现在进行时。故选 D。
----Hey, Tom . Let’s go swimming .
----Just a moment . I ______ a message .
A send B. sent C. am sending D. have sent
【答案】C
【解析】由上文句意及空格前一句Just a moment . “稍等片刻”推测，空格所在句表示“我正在发信息”，用现在进行时。 故选C。
Since 2009,Jingmen has become a new city . Everything _____ .
A is changed B. was changed C. had changed D. has changed
【答案】D
【解析】由前句中的标志词since可判断用现在完成时态，故选 D。
My sister has learned English ______ .
A for twelve years ago B. since she was four
C twelve years ago D. at the age of four
【答案】B
【解析】由谓语动词has learned 可知，应用现在完成时的时间状语，A项表达错误；C,D两项为一般过去时的时间状语，故选 B。
Teenagers _______ allowed to drive .
A should not be B. should be not C. not should be D. be not should 21世纪教育网版权所有
【答案】A
【解析】青少年不应该被允许开车。含有情态动词的被动语态的否定句结构这“情态动词+not+be+及物动词的过去分词”。故选 A。
----A new park _____ in our hometown next year.
----Really ? Our hometown must be more beautiful .
A will build B. will be built C. is built D. will built be
【答案】B
【解析】主语park和谓语动词build 之间是被关系，所以应该用被动语态；根据时间状语“next year”可知用一般将来时，含有情态动词的被动语态的过去分词”。故选B。 21·cn·jy·com
Not only my friends but also I ____ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star .
A be B. am C. is D. are
【答案】B
【解析】not only ...but also.. “不但..而且..”，遵循就近原则，谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致，故选B。
It’s sunny . Let’s go sighting _____ watching TV in our hotel room .
A thanks to B. instead of C. as well as D instead
【答案】B
【解析】thanks to “幸亏”；instead of “而不是”；as well as “也” ; instead “代替”，常放在句末。句意:天气晴朗，让我们去观光，而不是在旅馆里看电视吗。故选B。
My dream hometown is an amazing place _____ any pollution .
A with B. without C. out D. in
【答案】B
【解析】with “具有，带有”；without “没有”；out“向，离去”；in “在...里面”句意：我的理想家乡是一个没有污染、令人向往的地方。故选 B。
You can improve your English _____ practicing more .
A by B with C. of D. in
【答案】A
【解析】by“通过；经由”；with “用，和...在一起”；of “关于，属于...的”；in “在...里”。由句意：你可以通过多练习提高你的英语”可知，by表示方式，符合题意。
Mr. Wang is strongly _____ keeping animals in the zoo, because he thinks animals should also enjoy freedom .
A up B. for C. against D. down
【答案】C
【解析】句意：王先生强烈反对把动物放在动物园里，因为他认为动物也应该享受自由。be for 意为“赞成”be against 意为“反对”因此应选C项。
I still remember my first teacher _____ we haven’t seen each other for many years .
A for B. because C. since D. though
【答案】D
【解析】句意：尽管我们好多年没有相见了，但我仍然记得我的启蒙老师，四个选项中只有though表示“尽管，虽然”故选D。
The company wants to _____ a school for the poor children
A put off B. set up C. call in D. look after.
【答案】B
【解析】put off “推迟”; set up “建立”; call in “来访”；look after “照顾”; 句意：这个公司想为贫穷的孩子建立一所学校。故选 B。
----I feel stressed from time to time . Could you give me some advice ?
----- _____sharing your worries with your parents ?
A Why don’t you B How about C. Why not D. Would you like
【答案】B
【解析】Why don’t you 后接动词原形；How about后接动名词；Why not 后接动词原形；Would you like 后接动词不定式。由答句中的动名词sharing 知，答案选择B
My parents told us _____ computer games .
A not playing B. not to play C not play D. not to playing
【答案】B
【解析】tell sb not to do sth 是固定短语，意为“告诉某人不做某事”。故选 B。 2·1·c·n·j·y
She ______ live with her grandparents , but she doesn’t know .
A used to B. is used to C. was used to D. used to be
【答案】A
【解析】used to “过去常常”；be used to do “被用来做”；used to be “ 过去常是”。 根据句意“她过去常常与祖父母住在一起，但是现在不了”知，选 A。
----What do you thin of “Eat-up” Campaign(光盘行动）？
----I think it’s really necessary . It is reported that the food that Chinese people _____ every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year .
A eat B. have C. waste D. make
【答案】C
【解析】根据常识可知“光盘行动”是针对学杂费食物现象提出的行动，故此处选择waste “浪费”。
----How often do you ______ your brother ?
----Once a month.
A hear from B. hear of C. hear to D. hear about
【答案】A
【解析】hear from “收到...来信”； hear of/about “听说”；问句句意： 你多久改到一次你哥哥的来信？故选A 。
Our English teacher often says to us , “____English well is very important.”
A Learn B. Learning C. Learned D. To learning
【答案】B
【解析】动名词短语作主语。此处表示“学好英语非常重要”。故选 B.
----I’m new here.
----- Don’t worry . I’ll do what I can _____ you www-2-1-cnjy-com
A help B. to help C. invite D to invite
【答案】B
【解析】由交际情景可知“我将尽我能做的来帮助你”。help “帮助”；invite “邀请”，此处用动词不定式表示目的。故选B。
The man called his professor for help because he couldn’t solve the problem by _____.
A herself B. himself C. yourself D. themselves
【答案】B
【解析】by oneself “依靠某人自已”，题干中的主语the man 为男士，故用反身代词himself .
----Hi, Tina._____ are you going for your vacation ?
----- Hmm.... I think I’m going to Shanghai .
A How B. Where C. When D. Why
【答案】B
【解析】由答语中“我认为我将去上海”可知，问句是问“你打算去哪里度假？”，提问地点用where.
Mike is from America. He ______ English .
A spoke B. will speak C. speaks D. had spoken
【答案】C
【解析】由句意“迈克来自美国，他讲英语”知用一般现在时态，主语为he,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故远C。
I _____ a mistake . Please don’t be angry with me .
A make B. made C. will make D. had made
【答案】B
【解析】由下句“请不要生我的气”，可知“我犯了个错误”，“犯错”应是已发生的事情，要用一般过去时，故选B。
This term ____ over . The summer vacation is coming in two weeks .
A is B. was C has been D. will be
【答案】D
【解析】由下句“两周之后就是暑假了”可知“本学期即将结束”，要用一般将来时，故选 D.
My parents ____ me a new iPad for my birthday next month .
A bought B. buy C. buys D. will buy
【答案】D
【解析】由句中的时间状语next month 可知要用一般将来时，故选D。
----How are you going to be a basketball player ?
-----I _____ every day .
A am going to practice playing basketball
B am going to study math
C am going to take acting lesson
D am going to study computer science
【答案】A
【解析】根据问句“你打算怎样成为一名篮球运动员？”可推知答语为“我要每天练习打篮球”。故选A。
Nancy _____ a bus to school , but now she rides a bike .
A is used to taking B. was used to take
C used to take D. used to taking
【答案】C
【解析】used to do sth “过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth “习惯于做某事”。结合后句“现在她骑自行车了”，推断上句为“南希过去常坐公共汽车去上学”，故选C。
The famous player decided to ____ playing football matches forever because he is not energetic enough .
A put off B. deal with C break off D. give up
【答案】D
【解析】put off “拖延”；deal with “处理”；break off “中断”；give up “放弃”根据后句“因为他没有足够的精力”可推知那位著名的球员决定放弃踢足球。
He _____an English club last year and has improved his English a lot .
A protected B produced C. joined D. received
【答案】C
【解析】protect “保护”; produce “生产”；join “加入”；receive “收到”句意：他去年了英语俱乐部，结果他的英语提高了很多。故选C。
