2018年外研版高考专题复习英语课件：冠词数词(共54张PPT)

课件54张PPT。冠 词冠词考点及复习要点
冠词的考查是当前各地高考考卷中的热点，是我们复习中的重点之一。冠词的考查以固定结构和习惯用语为主，结合考查一些基本规则。所以我们在复习中要注重教材中的语言点的整理，同时对下面的冠词规则也要引起重视。
1、不定冠词的用法比较；
2、定冠词的习惯用法；
3、零冠词的用法；
4、在习惯用语中冠词的用法；不定冠词的用法
考题点击1
The Wilsons live in _____ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _____ 17th century cottage.

A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a
D该句意为“威尔逊先生一家住在海边的一幢A型房子里，那是一幢十七世纪的屋子。”两处都表示“一幢“，A-shaped 是元音开头，该用 an；而 seventeenth是辅音开头，所以该用 a。考题点击2
Mrs. Taylor has _____ 8-year-old daughter who has _____ gift for painting—she has won two national prizes.
A．a; a ? B．an; the ? C．an; a ? D．the; a
C“Taylor 夫人有一个在绘画方面极有天赋的八岁的女儿，她已经两次获得全国大奖了。” eight 是元音开头，所以该用 an；而后面的 have a gift for为一短语，表示“在 … 方面有天赋”，故答案为C。　　冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article），另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。　　不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前，而an则用于元音音素前。
1) 表示"一个"，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a
certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2) 代表一类人或物。　　 A knife is a tool for cutting with.　　 Mr. Smith is an engineer.3) 词组或成语。　　 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden 定冠词的用法
考题点击1
As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are
paid _______.
A. by the hour B. by hour
C. by an hour D. by hours
A“按小时付费”，以及其它用来表示“按…计算”都需用介词 by 加 the 加单位名词来表示，如：by the day; by the jin; by the pound; by the dozen …。但需注意：size; weight; time; length … 等名词并不表示单位，所以不需加 the。考题点击2
In 2008, at ________World Table Tennis
Championship, Ma Lin and Wang Hao won
the gold medal in men's doubles with ________
score of 4: 1.
A. a; a B. 不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a
D“the World Table Tennis Championship”是由普通名词构成的专有名词，用来表示一个机构名称。这类名词前都要加 the。 “with a score of 4:1” 表示“以4:1的比分”，是一个介词短语结构。考题点击3
This book tells ________ life story of John Smith,
who left ______ school and worked for a newspaper
at the age of 16.
A．the; the? B．a; the? C．the; 不填? D．a; 不填
C“这本书讲的是 John Smith 的人生故事”，是特指的，所以必须用 the。 “leave school” 表示“毕业”，不用冠词。类似的用法还有：finish school; in class; at church; go to school …等。定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那（这）个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。　1）特指双方都明白的人或物：　　 Take the medicine.　把药吃了。　2）上文提到过的人或事： 　　 He bought a house.　I‘ve been to the house.　　 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。　3）指世上独一物二的事物：　 the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth 4）与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美元;
the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类
人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，
very， same等前面： Where do you live?　I live on the second floor.　
你住在哪？我住在二层。 That‘s the very thing I’ve been looking for.　
那正是我要找的东西。6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：　 They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)　 They are teachers of this school.　 (指部分教师) 7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位
的名词前： 　She caught me by the arm..　她抓住了我的手臂。8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团
体、阶级、等专有名词前：　 the People‘s Republic of China　 中华人民共和国　 the United States　 美国9）用在表示乐器的名词之前：　
She plays the piano.　她会弹钢琴。10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：　 the Greens　 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇) 11) 用在表示“度量衡”之类的名词前：
Apples are sold by the pound.
但要注意在 time, weight, length 等名词前不加 the。
12) 用在惯用语中： in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening)；　
the day after tomorrow；　 the day before yesterday；　the next morning；　 in the sky (water，field，country)；　 in the dark；　in the rain；　in the distance；　 in the middle (of)；　in the end； on the whole；
by the way；　go to the theatre 零冠词的用法
考题点击1
If you go by ______ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get ______ fast one.
A．the; the? B．不填；a?
C．the; a? D．不填；不填
B在由介词 by 加表示交通方式的名词短语中，不用冠词。但如果 by 不表示交通方式，而表示地理位置，就需要加冠词了。如：by sea 乘船；by the sea 在海边考题点击2
It is often said that _____ teachers have _____
very easy life.
A. 不填；不填??? B. 不填；a??
C. the, 不填?? D. the, a
Bteachers 是复数名词，用来表示类属，不加冠词。只有在特定范围内的复数名词前才加冠词。“have a … life”是一个习惯短语，表示“过着…的生活”。考题点击3
The warmth of _______ sweater will of course
be determined by the sort of ______wool used.
A. the; the B. the;/ C. /; the D. /; /
Bsweater 的保暖性能取决于使用哪一种类型的羊毛。the 加单数名词 sweater 表示一种类型；而羊毛是物质名词，表示类属的物质名词不加冠词。1）国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；
2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定
冠词；They are teachers. 他们是教师。
3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；Failure is the mother of success.　失败乃成功之母
4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词；
　Man cannot live without water.　
人离开水就无法生存。 5）在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示
时间的名词之前，不加冠词；　 We go to school from Monday to Friday.　
我们从星期一到星期五都上课。6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词；　 The guards took the American to General Lee. 　 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。7）在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加
冠词 如：have breakfast，play chess
但如果三餐饭的名词前有形容词修饰，则需要加
冠词。如：have a big breakfast8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；　I can‘t write without pen or pencil.　　
没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。9）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，
中间无冠词；by bus，by train； 10）有些个体名词不用冠词；如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，
table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直
接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；　 go to hospital　　去医院看病　 go to the hospital　 去医院 (并不一定去看病) 11)不用冠词的序数词；　a. 序数词前有物主代词 　b. 序数词作副词　 He came first in the race.　c. 在固定词组中　 at (the) first, first of all,　
from first to last
12）在复习过程中注意不带冠词的短语和习惯用语。
13）特别注意加冠词和不加冠词的意义区别。如：
go to hospital --- go to the hospital
at table --- at the table
in charge of --- in the charge of
out of question --- out of the question不定冠词的位置
考题点击1
______ role she played in the film! No wonder she
has won an Oscar.
A. How interesting B. How an interesting
C. What interesting D. What an interesting
D不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。但位于下列形容词之后： such，what，many，half，如：　　 I have never seen such an animal.　　 Many a man is fit for the job.考题点击2
We were in ________ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush
C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush
D当名词前的形容词被副词 as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：　　 It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.　　 So short a time.　　 Too long a distance. 还需注意下面三个问题：
1、quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quite a lot 2、 在as，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后： Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of
snakes. 他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。3、当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。 定冠词的位置
考题点击1
He did it ____ it took me.
A. one-third a time B. one-third time
C. the one-third time D. one-third the time
D定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。　 All the students in the class went out.　
班里的所有学生都出去了。一.基础知识记忆.
1.单数可数名词绝不能单独使用,其前不是加冠词a/an/the或one’s,就必须将名词的单数形式改为复数形式.
2.表泛指意义的复数名词或不可数名词(即物质名词或抽象名词)前面千万不要添加任何冠词.
3. 固定短语中有无冠词,要分得清清楚楚,明明白白.
二.定冠词的使用.
1.世界上独一无二的天体、河流、海洋、湖泊、山川等与地理知识有关的名词前.e.g. the Changjiang River
the East Lake / the Pacific Ocean
the Urals.
2.形容词same前.
3.序数词最高级前面.
4.by far前置修饰比较级时.
e.g. This book is by far the better than that one.
c.f. This book is better by far than that one.
This book is even better than that one.5.强调两者之间的比较且作主语、定语时.
e.g. The older of the two brothers is my desk-mate.
Which is the bigger country, Canada or Australia?
Which is bigger, Canada or Australia?
6. 表示“越…越…”意义时.
e.g. The sooner, the better.
7.句型“动作动词+ sb.+介词+the+具体身体部位名词”结构中.e.g. Bob hit John on the head.
The gentle light struck the baby in the face.
The little boy took the elephant by the nose across the street.
8.发明的事物名称前(即invent之后的名词)或濒临灭绝的动物单数名词前.
e.g. Bell is generally considered to have invented the telephone.
As we all know, the tiger is in danger of dying out.9.介词by后表示“按…计算”与度量衡单位有关的具体表时间、长度、体积、面积等名词前.
e.g. Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.
Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by time.
In England, cloth is sold by the yard instead of by the meter.
In England, cloth is sold by length.
10.与某些形容词连用表示一类人.
e.g. the rich11.乐器名词前.
e.g. I like playing the guitar and my sister likes playing the piano.
12.由普通名词构成的专有名词前.
e.g. The people’s Republic of China and the United States are two great countries.
13.方位、方向名词前.
e.g. China is in the east of Asia, the largest continent on the earth, and on the west of the Pacific Ocean, the largest ocean in the world.
14. 再次指代上文中已提过的名词前. e.g. I bought a pen yesterday. The pen writes well.
15.双方心中都知晓、明白的名词前.
e.g. Pass me the book, please.
16.与表示国家或民族的形容词连用,指代该全国全体人民.
e.g. The Chinese love peace.
17.用在姓氏复数之前表示全家人或夫妇俩.
18. 其后有某种修饰语(如介词短语、定语从句、分词短语或不定式等)的名词前,表示特定的人或物时.e.g. The book on the desk is mine.
19.与单数可数名词连用,表类别.
e.g. The horse is a useful animal.
20.表同位关系的时间、地点、语言名词前.
e.g. I began to learn the French language in the University of Wuhan in the month of November of 1999.
21.与农历有关的节日名词前(即与festival连用时).
e.g. Children are always looking forward to the Spring Festival.22.用在整十的复数形式前表年代.
e.g. In the 1870s, when Marx was over fifty, he began to learn Russian.
23. 习惯用语中.(高考词汇)
e.g. at the age of, at the beginning of, all over the world, all the best, go to the cinema, make the bed, the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the other day, in the end, the moment, take the place of, on the radio, all the same, by the side of, by the way, on the way, in the habit of, in the charge of 三. a /an的使用.
表泛指意义的单数可数名词前或“一类”或“其中的一个”意义时.
e.g. A good book can enrich a person.
2.表频率,表示“每……” 、“每一……”意义时.
e.g. People have three meals a day.
3.某些抽象名词表具体意义或被某一形容词修饰了的时候.
e.g. It gave me a surprise to meet you here again. As a teacher, he was a failure. However, as a leader, he was a success.
Comrade Lei Feng led a miserable life during his childhood.
4.有比喻意味或不确切的人名之前表达“一个叫……”意义时.
e.g. Li Hao is a living Lei Feng in our class.
A Mr. Smith wants to see you.
5.当某一动作或情况并未到此结束仍有继续下去的可能性的时候,必须用“a /an+序数词”结构.
e.g. Although he has failed six times, he would like to have a try a seventh time.
6. 与形容词最高级连用表示“很、非常”.
e.g. Yesterday was a happiest day for me, for I’d just won the first prize.
7.否定比较级表达最高级意义时,常用借助于不定冠词a/ an. a/ an+比较级
e.g. ____ What do you think of the film?
____ Oh, I’ve never seen a worse one.
____ How do you like Tom?
____ I’m afraid that no one in my class has a cleverer brain than he.
8.有时表示一次性行为,特别是用在名词化了的动词前.
e.g. have / take a look at ; go for a walk; come to an end; come to a stop
9.当一日三餐名词(breakfast, lunch, supper, dinner)或其他一些名词如time, life, help, pleasure, world, part等被某一(些)形容词修饰了的时候.e.g. a delicious breakfast / a wonderful dinner/ a great help
10.固定短语结构中:
have a cold / stomachache, have a match, a great number of, in a word, have a word with, make a promise, in a minute, as a matter of fact, take a seat.
【特别注意】
英语中,有些名词永远都不会与不定冠词连用.
它们是advice, equipment, fun, furniture, information, news, luck, clothing, wealth.四.零冠词.
1.表泛指意义的复数名词物质名词,以及介词后的抽象名词前.
e.g. Children are often compared to flowers.
Books are stairs that help people make progress.
2. 复数名词表类别、属性时,不用冠词.
e.g. Horses are useful animals.
Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind unless they kill them for food.
3.由Day构成的与公历有关的节日名词前．
e.g. Children’s Day / Teachers’ Day / National Day / May Day
4. 表泛指意义的月份、季节、星期、学科、语言、材料等名词前．
e.g. on Sunday / in spring / in ink
5.球类、棋类名词前.
e.g. play football / chess / basketball
6. 介词by后接表交通、通讯方式等名词前.
e.g. by train /by telephone / by machine7.泛指一日三餐名词前.
e.g. After breakfast, we are to visit Mountain Tai and have lunch there.
8. 官衔职务名词作表语补语或同位语时.
e.g. He is monitor of our class.
Lincoln was elected president of the U.S.
Dong Li, capital of Dongfanghong II, is a strong-minded man.
9.方位副词前.
e.g. Japan lies east of China.10. “from…to”结构中重复使用的单数名词,以及“名词+介词+(同样)名词”结构中的名词前都不使用任何冠词.
e.g. from area to area / arm in arm / day by day
11.man作“人类”讲时.
e.g. Man can conquer nature.
12. as引导的让步状语从句句型中的单数名词前.
e.g. Hero as he is, he is still modest.
Child as she is, she knows a lot.
13. turn后的单数名词作表语.e.g. She has turned doctor.
13.介词by后接表度量衡单位的时间、长度、重量、面积、价钱等总称名词前.
e.g. by time / by weight / by area / by length
14. 由地名构成的专有名词前.
e.g. Wuhan University is in Wuhan.
15. 单数可数名词已被物主代词数词指示代词或名词所有格修饰.
16.当两个或两个以上的名词用and连接且含有对比的含义或习惯上总是一起使用时.e.g. Father and son attended the meeting together.
The two were like teacher and student, though they were the same age.
Husband and wife sat together in their home.
17.固定短语结构中.
come into use / put… into practice / out of question / out of the question/ at presentThe sign reads“ In case of___ fire, break the glass and push________ red button.
A. ×; a B. ×; the C. the ; the D. a ; a
2. Jumping out of _____ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite_____ exciting experience.
A. ×; the B. ×; an C. an ; an D. the ; the
3.Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _____IQ.
A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highestBCB4.The warmth of ____ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ____ wool used.
A. × ; × B. the ; the C. the ; × D. ×; the
5. Most animals have little connection with___ animals of ___ different kind unless they kill them for food.
the ; a B. ×; a C. × ; the D. the ; the
6.Paper money was in___ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteen century.CBCthe; B. the ; the C. ×; the D. × ; ×
7. ---- Have you seen ___ pen? I left it here this morning.
---- Is it ______ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
a ; the B. the ; the C. the; a D. a; a
8. Many people agree that _____ knowledge of English is a must in ______ international trade today.
A. a;× B. the ;an C. the ; the D. × ; theCDA9.______ news conference does not always offer______ truthful information.
A. / ; / B. The ; / C. A ; the D. A ; /
10. Though they are_____ people of different sorts, they always buy dresses of _____ style.
A. / ; the B. the ; a C. / ; a D. the ; the
11. Dolly ______ sheep, the world’s first cloned animal, was given ____ shot to end her life on Feb.14 because she was suffering from a lung disease common in much older sheep.
A. / ; a B. the ; a C. a ; the D. / ;theDCB数 词数词考点及复习要点
我们在复习时需要搞清楚以下几个概念：
1、数词的基本用法及比较；
2、数词的位置；
3、倍数词的表达习惯；
4、在习惯用语中数词的用法；数词的基本用法
考题点击1
It is not rare in _____ that people in ____ fifties are going to university for further education.
A. 90s, the B. the 90s, /
C. 90s, their D. the 90s, their
D表示“几十岁”；用 in one’s + 数词复数，如：
He began to work in his teens.
表示"年代"，用 in +the +数词复数；数词的基本用法
考题点击2
____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are
C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are
C分数和百分数作主语时，关键是看其后的名词来决定其谓语动词的数。该题中的是不可数名词，所以动词需用单数。数词的基本用法
考题点击3
Americans eat ______ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many
D倍数表示法：主+谓+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. (+ n.) + as　I have three times as many as you.　其他用来表示倍数的方法：
主+谓+倍数(分数)+ the size (weight，length…) of…The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.　
地球是月球的49倍。
2. 主+谓+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.　　 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
3. 主+谓+ junior (senior)+ to　
He is five years senior to his younger brother.