主动和被动语态全解课件

课件65张PPT。语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。
如：
Many students study English.(主动语态)
English is studied by many students.
(被动语态)语态 什么时候可以使用被动语态呢？
一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：
Such books are written for children.
这些书是为儿童写的。
Football is played all over the world．
二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：
My bike was stolen．我的自行车被盗了。 三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：
It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and ……
It was reported that her mother died of SARS.
众所周知… … It is well known that …
据推测说… … It is supposed that …四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。
例如：
Tina is asked to come by Paul．
Tina是被Paul叫来的。
五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：
He was born in October，1989． The flowersevery day.are wateredby herShe waters the flowers every day.
主 谓 宾后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态主动变被动的方法:She waters the flowers every day.
主 谓 宾The flowers are watered by her every day.
① ② ③ ④总结: 主语
be+ P.Pby +宾语
1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2. 将主动语态的谓语动词由主动变为被动3. 将主动语态的主语变为被动语态中介词by
的宾语放在谓动词之后运用一下吧be + done被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化考点一:am , is , are
was , were
will be / is going to be
can/may/could/must/might be
have/has been
had beenby many students.1.Many students study English.Englishis studied2.They make shoes in that factory.Shoesare madeby themin that factory.一）一般现在时的被动语态结构：
is/are+过去分词They play football on Sunday.
Lucy does the homework in the evening.
They often use computers in class.
We make these machines in Beijing.
Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made by us in Beijing.1. They bought a computer last term． by them last term.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were +过去分词last year.2.We planted many trees last year.Many treeswere plantedA computerwas boughtThey built the tall building last year.
He took good care of his little brother yesterday.
We cleaned our classroom just now.
They used the rooms for resting.
The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.The rooms were used for resting by them.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should + be+过去分词1.Amy can take good care of Gina ．by Amy.Ginacan be taken good care of2.You should drink more water.More water should be drunkby you.1.He can take care of the baby.
2.Lucy may draw the pictures.
3.You must turn off the lights.
4.They should learn English well. The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.
一般现在时：
一般过去时：
情态动词:
am/is /are + done 情态动词+be+done was/were + done以下时态的被动语态构成SummaryTask 4考点二:被动语态中的特殊情况:被动语态的几种类型1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.一般把间接宾语变为
被动语态的主语，则另一个不动。如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语则需在间宾前加 for 或 to如：1.He gave me a book.
－I was given a book by him.
－A book was given to me by Tom.
2. I bought him a book.
－He was bought a book by me.
－A book was buoght for him by me. give sb. sth— buy sb sth-
sb be given sth sb be bought sth-
sth be given to sb. sth be bought for sb.
【考点】give sb. sth.
pass sb. sth.
sell sb. sth.
lend sb. sth.
bring sb. sth.
make sb. sth.
buy sb. sth.Sth be given to sb.
Sth. be passed to sb.
Sth. be sold to sb.
Sth. be lent to sb.
Sth. be brought to sb.
Sth. be made for sb.
Sth. be bought for sb.主动被动
【考点】sb be asked to do
sb be told to do
sb be invited to do
sb be chosen to do
sb be encouraged to do
sb be allowed to doask sb. to do
tell sb. to do
invite sb. to do
choose sb. to do
encourage sb. to do
allow sb. to do主动被动2. 主动语态为带to的动词不定式
Mum told me to stay at home.
I was told to stay at home.
1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.Hewas seento play basketball last Sunday.2.The boss makes him work for 10 hours.He is madeto work for 10 hours.3.在主动语态中省去to,在变为被动语态时应加上to.即hear , watch , see , make , let ,这些词在变被动句时必须加to.
make sb do sth--sb be made to do sth.
see sb do sth—sb be seen to do sth.【考点】make sb. do
let sb. do
see sb. do
hear sb. do
watch sb. dosb be made to do sb
sb be let to do
sb be seen to do
sb be heard to do
sb be watched to do主动被动 They take good care of my child.
I turned off the radio. 4.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,
注意短语要完整，不能掉了介词-----My child is taken good care of .---The radio was turned off (by me).
【考点】look for
look after
take care of
hand in
laugh at
speak tobe looked for
be looked after
be taken care of
be handed in
be laughed at
be spoken to不要漏掉介词.【考点】没有被动语态的词或短语.cost, happen, take place, close down ,
feel, sound, taste, smell, look, come out, come up, break down, stand for,
这些词主要分为一下几类： 1） look . smell . sound . feel . taste 等作连系动词用时 ，主动形式表被动意义。Eg. 棉花摸起来很柔软。Cotton feels soft.这老妇人看起来焦急The old woman looks worried .
2) write（很好写） read（很好看）sell（卖得好）wash（很好洗）open（商店开门）last(持续很久）等常用主动表被动。Eg 这笔很好用。 This pen writes well.
这书很畅销 This book sells well.
The shop will open at eight o’clock.
3) 动词 need , require ，allow等接动名词doing作宾语构成主动结构表被动含义 他 的鞋需要修理。
He needed to mend his shoes.
His shoes needed to be mended.
His shoes needed mending .need, allow 可以用-ing形式表示被动
need to be done = need doing
be allowed to do = allow doing 4)不及物动词没有被动语态，如：
happen（发生）, take place（发生） , begin（开始） , become（成为，变得）
dissappear（消失）, come out（出版）.
An car accident happened in front of a school this morning.
What is happening there?
His book came out last year.
The movie will last for two hours.
The book cost 100 yuan. 被动语态初三英语期末复习The Passive Voicebe + done被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化考点一:[1]. Now English ____ by more and more people all over the word.
A. speaks
B. is spoken
C. was spoken一般现在时的被动语态：
am / is / are + done[2]. The lost boy ____ at the street corner last night.
A. was found
B. is found
C. was looked for一般过去时的被动语态：
was / were + done[3]. More man-made satellites ____ in the future.
A. will send up
B. will be sent up
C. are sent up一般将来时的被动语态：
will + be + done
be going to + be + done[5]. Flowers ____ every day.
A. has been watered
B. should be watered
C. should water含有情态动词的被动语态：
情态动词 + be + done考点二:被动语态中的特殊情况:[6]. ① Good medicine ___ bitter to the mouth.
A. tastes B. is tasted C. taste
② This pen ___ well.
A. is sold B. sell C. sells感官动词, 和sell,write等动词用主动语态表被动.[7]. Many people ___ during the earthquake in May, 2008.
A. were died
B. dead
C. diedhappen, last, die, fit, cost, weigh, 等动词不使用被动.[8]. The man ____ clean the toilet because he ___ rubbish bout when the police walked past the park.
A. was made; was seen to throw
B. was made to; was seen throwing
C. made; sawsee / hear sb. do sth
be seen / heard to do sth
see / hear sb. doing sth.
be seen / heard doing sth.
make sb.do sth.
be made to do sth.主动:
被动:主动:
被动:主动:
被动:[9]. Children should ___.
A. take good care of
B. be taken good care
C. be taken good care of固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词Practise makes perfect熟能生巧[10]. Your desk ___.
A. needs repair
B. needs repairing
C. needs to repairneed可以用-ing形式表示被动
need to be done = need doingPractice:
1 Must I pay for it at once?
_____ it ____ _____ _____ at once?
2 We will build a new lab.
A new lab ____ ____ _____.
3 They aren’t stopping the traffic now.
The traffic ____ ____ _______ now.
4 How long have you kept the book?
How long ____ the book ____ ____? Mustbeenpaidforwillbebuiltisn’tbeenstoppinghasbeenkept5 If your homework ______(do) well,you may go to play.
6 Mr.Green was seen _______ (grow) trees.
7 The blackboard was ________ (look) carefully by the students.
8 The ship model ____ be ____ (make)
in two days.is doneto growlooked atwillmadeTranslate the following sentences.1.我们必须采取措施以阻止河流的进一步污染。
Something _______ _______ ______ to stop the river from being polluted more.
2.世界上讲英语的人是最多的。
English _____ _______ by the largest number of people in the world.
mustbedoneisspoken3.明年我校还要修一幢新教学楼。
Another new teaching building _____ _____ _______ in our school next year.
4.中国南方种水稻。
Rice ____ ______ in South China.
5.昨天爸爸给你买了一辆自行车。
A bike ______ ________ for you by your father yesterday.willbebuiltisgrownwasbought6.前天在街道拐弯处发生了一起车祸。
A car accident _______ _____ at the street corner the day before yesterday.happened巩固训练：1.The key __for locking the classroom door.
A.uses B. is used C.is using D.use
2.A new school __over there in two years.
A. may built B.may be built C. is built
3. He was made __yesterday.
A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.to be cried
4.The PRC__on October 1,1949.
A.was found B. is found
C. was founded D. is founded
5.A talk on Chinese history__in the school hall next week.
A.is given B. has been given
C. will be given D. will giveBBBCC1.They play basketball in their school.(改为同意句)
Basketball___ ________in their school by them.
2.What’s her name ? Can you tell me ? (合为一句)
Can you tell me ____ ____ ____ _____?
3.I saw her run into the old house just now.(改同意句)
She ____ ___ ____run into the old house just now.
4.We should listen to the teacher carefully.(改同意句)
The teacher should ____ ______ carefully____ us.
5.Don’t play football on the road.(改为同意句)
Football ______ ___ ______ on the road.is playedwhat her name iswas seen tobe listenedmust’t be playedby填空（完成被动语态填空）
1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改为被动语态）
Their classroom _____ often ______ by them after school.
2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上）
A new pen _____ _______ _____ Tom last week .
iscleanedwas given byPractice3. A lot of people in China can speak English now . （同上）
English ______ ____ ______ by a lot of people in China now.
4. I have learned English for about two years. （同上）
English ______ ______ ______ for about two years.
5. They will read these story-books next month. （同上）
These story-books _____ _____ _____ next month.
can be spokenhas been learnedwill be read
5. －Do you like the skirt ? －It _______ soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who ________ for ?
A. are you waiting B. did you wait
C. were you waiting D. do you wait 7. _____ to know Professor Zhang.
A. He said B. I said
C. He is said D. It says
8. －I want to sit at the table near the window.
－Sorry , ______ already.
A. it took B. it takes
C. it is taking D. it has been taken9. The letter _______ three days ago and it_____ yesterday.
A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived
C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived
10. He told me that the final examination _______ next Thursday.
A. is given B. will be given
C. would have given D. would be given11. Water ______ into ice.
A. will changed B. must be changed
C. should change D. can be changed
12. The birds _______ fly away last Saturday.
A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. were let to
13. A strange sound ______ yesterday evening.
A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard
14. A beautiful bike _______ him by his classmates.
A. sent to B. will sent to
C. was sent to D. will be sent for 15. Miss Chen ______ just ______ to speak at the meeting.
A. has …been asked B. has been …asked
C. Have been … asked D. have …been asked
16. Meat _______ out in this shop . We can ____ now.
A. have been sold , get nothing
B. has been sold , get nothing
C. has been sold , get some
D. have been sold , get some17. The new play _______ in theatre now . Why don’t you go in and see it ?
A. is being shown B. is showing
C. is shown D. shows
18. Can you tell _______ ?
A. when did it happen B. when was it happened C. when it happened D. when it was happened 19. ______ the job ______ by Lucy or by John ?
A. Has … finished
B. Has …being finished
C. Is …finish
D. Has …been finished 1.Our school _____　＿＿＿＿in 2002.(开办)
2.The young trees must____ ____ ______ well.
(照顾)
3. _____ this building_________(建成)last year?
4.The book _____ _______(写)by him last year.
5. The bridge _______ _______(不建造)in1989..
6.The 29th Olympic Games will____ ______
(举行) in UK in 2012.
was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasn’t builtbe held完成下列句子：1.People use knives for cutting things.
Knives ______ ______ for cutting things.
2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.
The windows of their classroom______ _______ twice a month.EXERCISES are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）3.I found the ticket on the floor.
______ ______ ______ ______ on the floor.
4.I told her to return the book in time.
She ______ _______ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.
He ______ _______ _______ _______ only two meals a day.
6.Now people can use computers to help them.
Now computers _______ ______ ______ to help them. was made to have can be used7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?
_______ ______ _______ _______ at this time last time?
8.Must we finish our work today?
_______ our work______ _______ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.
1) _______ ______ _______ some wonderful stamps.
2) Some wonderful stamps _______ ________ _______ _______. we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.
Tom _______ ________ to turn on the computer.
11.In this factory women do most of the work.
Most of the work _______ ________ by women in this factory. was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two days.
The bike ______ ______ _______ in two days.
13.You must take this medicine three times a day.
This medicine _______ _______ ________ three times a day. can be mended must be taken14.The students study German in this school.
German _______ ________ by the students in this school.
15.Do they often talk about this question?
______ this question often _______ about _______ _______? is studiedIs talked by them1)Teenagers should _____ (allow) to go out at night.
2)The telephone _____ (invent) by Bell.
3) English ____ (speak) in China.
4) The car ____ (make) in China.
5) The room must _____ (clean) every day. be allowedwas inventedis spoken is madebe cleaned( ) The flowers ____ every day,or they’ll die.
A must water B can be watered
C should water D must be watered
( ) Many computers will ___ to our school.
A be bring B be brought C bring