2018年中考英语二轮高频考点剖析学案专题十一 几种时态的特殊用法 解析版+原卷版

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名称 2018年中考英语二轮高频考点剖析学案专题十一 几种时态的特殊用法 解析版+原卷版
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专题十一 几种时态的特殊用法
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
动词时态一直是中考考查的重点内容,对时态的考查主要集中在一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时。对动词时态的考查将以一般现在时、一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时和现在进行时为主。
高频考点一:一般现在时的用法
1.一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,一般在动词原形后面加s或es。
2.一般现在时的用法
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。经常与often,usually,every day,always,sometimes,twice a week,on Sunday等表时间的单词或短语连用。如:
Most of the students in our class usually go to school by bike.我们班里大部分学生通常骑自行车去上学。
I practice playing football every day.我每天练习踢足球。
(2)表示普遍真理或客观事实。如:
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
(3)在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。如:
If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will go for a picnic.www-2-1-cnjy-com
如果明天不下雨,我们将去野餐。
(4)一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如:Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。
(5)一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.
(6)人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有:like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如:I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿)
高频考点二:一般过去时的用法
①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。经常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last Sunday,in 2010,just now,the other day,three days ago等。如:
I met him in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上见到了他。
②表示过去习惯或经常发生的动作。与之连用的时间状语有last…, in…, from…to…,often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。
如:
He often went to work by bus last year.去年他经常乘公共汽车去上班。
Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young.
③讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如:I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)
高频考点三:一般将来时的用法
①表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。一般情况下用“will+动词原形”结构。当主语是第一人称I/we时,助动词也可用shall。如:
He will be back in two days.他将在两天后回来。
Lucy will go to visit her uncle tomorrow.明天露茜将要去看望她的叔叔。【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
We shall go to see you next Sunday.下个星期天我们将去看你。
②表示计划、打算、决定要做的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。一般情况下用“be going to+动词原形”结构。如:
—What are you going to do this Sunday?这个星期天你打算干什么?
—I'm going to practice English.我打算练习英语。
Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.看那些乌云,天要下雨了。
③一般将来时常用的时间状语:tomorrow,next week,next year,in two days,in the future,from now on,soon等表示将来的时间状语。
④用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”用于所有人称。如:I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)
⑤shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如:Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗?)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗?)
高频考点四:现在进行时的用法
①表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。如:
—What is he doing?他正在干什么?—He is watching TV.他正在看电视。
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态(说话时不一定正在做)。如: They are picking apples on a farm these days.这些天他们一直在农场摘苹果。
③表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有:come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如:I’m coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么?)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)
④表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感彩。如:He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净)
⑤go,come,leave,arrive等表示位置移动的词通常用现在进行时表示将来。如: He is leaving for Japan tomorrow.他明天要前往日本。
⑥现在进行时常用的时间状语:now,all the time,these days,this year,at the moment等。
高频考点五:过去进行时的用法
①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。如:
—What were you doing at this time yesterday?昨天这个时候你在干什么?
—I was doing my homework.我正在做我的家庭作业。
We were reading when the teacher came in.当老师进来时我们正在读书。
②用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如:She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌) I was watching TV while my mother was cooking.我在看电视,而我的妈妈正在做饭。
③过去进行时常用的时间状语:at that time,at nine yesterday,those days,when/while引导的时间状语从句等。过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。
④也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感彩。如:He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)
高频考点六:现在完成时的用法
①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。时间状语有:already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如:I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)
②表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,可能还要持续下去,常与for或since连用,表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。时间状语有:for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如:I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作)
【注意】非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。必须把非延续性动词改为相应的表示延续性的动词或短语,这时可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
③口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如:They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)
④have been to与have gone to的区别:have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如:--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里?他去了英国。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗?是的,我去过那里三次。)
⑤在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表:
或者使用下面这个句型:
⑥常见的非延续性动词通常作如下变换:
come→be in,leave→be away,buy→have,borrow→keep,die→be dead,begin→be on,close→be closed,open→be open,join→be in/be a member of,go/come there→be there,get married→be married,catch a cold→have a cold,return→be back,fall ill→be ill,become→be,has gone to→has been in等。如:
考点剖析☆名师点拨
高频考点剖析一:一般现在时的用法
1、结构
肯定式:主语+ am /is/are +其他
否定式:主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他
一般疑问句式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他?
简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 + am/ is /are (否)No,主语+am/is/are not 21教育名师原创作品
肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他
否定句式: 主语+(助动词) don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他
简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not
缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not
2、用法
表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有: always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。
表示现在的状态。 例如:My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父亲在工作,他很忙。
表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。
例如:All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。
表示客观真理,客观存在,自然现象。
例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等瞬间动词。
例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时 来表示将来要发生的动作。
例如: I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。
3、当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-s或-es:
规则
动词原形
第三人称单数形式
一般在词尾加-s,(清辅音后读∕s∕,在浊辅音后读∕z∕;在t后读∕ts∕,在d后读∕dz∕。)
play
leave
swim
plays
leaves
swims
以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es,读∕iz∕,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。
pass
fix
teach
passes
fixes
teaches
以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变y为i, 再加-es,读∕z∕。
study
carry
studies
carries
注意:动词have的第三人称单数是has.
① 一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语:often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。【出处:21教育名师】
如:They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)
② 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语
如:The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)
③ 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。
如:The train for Haikou leaves at 8:00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车)
④ 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。
如:Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话)
If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)
⑤ 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。
如:Here comes the bus. (车来了) There goes the bell.(铃响了)。
⑥ 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.
⑦人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有:like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see.
如:I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿)
【典例1】(2017?天津) The earth is a planet and it _______ around the sun.
A. goes B. go C. will go D. went
高频考点剖析二:一般过去时的用法
1.结构
肯定式:主语+ was/were +其他
否定式:主语+ was/were +not + 其他
一般疑问句式: Was/Were + 主语+ 其他?
简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 + was/were (否)No,主语+ was/were not
肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他
否定句式: 主语+(助动词)didn’t +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他
简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not
用法
表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等连用。在一般过去式中,要表达“过多少时间之后”,一般用after。
例如:Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用,且有明确过去的时间状语。
例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间状语连用,但这些时间状语须指过去的时间,决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。例如:Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗?
动词过去式变换规则
构成规则
动词原形
动词过去式
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed,(在清辅音后读∕t∕;在浊辅音和元音后读∕d∕;在
∕t∕,∕d∕后读∕id∕。
look
play
work
looked
played
worked
结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d
like
live
hope
liked
lived
hoped
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed
plan
stop
drop
planned
stopped
dropped
结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“I”再加-ed
study
worry
cry
studies
worries
cries
① 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有:at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。21cnjy.com
如:I got up at 6:00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)
② 表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有:yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。
③ 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有:last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。www.21-cn-jy.com
如:Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. 21世纪教育网版权所有
 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。
如:I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)【版权所有:21教育】
【典例2】(2017·广东省)38. Sue wasn’t happy because she _______ , the concert given by her favorite singer.
A. misses B. missed C. will miss D. is missing 21*cnjy*com
高频考点剖析三:一般将来时的用法
结构
肯定句式:主语+助动词will+动词原形+其他
否定句式:主语+助动词will+动词原形+not+其他
一般疑问句式:助动词Will+主语+动词原形+其他
简单回答:在口语中,will在名词或代词后常缩为’ll,Will not常简缩为won’t。
在疑问句中,主语为第一人称时(I和we)时,常用助动词shall。
例如:She’ll go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。
Shall we go to the zoo? 我们要去动物园吗?
肯定句式:主语+be going to +动词原形+其他
否定句式:主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句式:Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他
简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+be (否)No,主语+be not
用法
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等连用。
例如:I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
2)表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。
例如:I’ll come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我将每个星期六来看你。
3)表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测,通常用be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。
例如:I think she’ll go back home for supper. 我想她会回家吃饭。
4)be going to +不定式,表示将来。
①表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准 备的意思。即计划,安排要发生的事。
例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
②表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生。
例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
5)注意:be going to 和will之间的区别。
①两者都用于预测时,be going to意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生,属客观的推测;will 则意指说话人认为相信某件事将要发生,属主观的推测。
②两者在时间的发生上,be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情;而will不指明任何具体时间,可以指遥远的未来。
例如:He is gong in to be better. 他的病就要好起来了。
③两者都表示意图时,be going to含有预先计划、准备的意思;will则指未经过预先思考或计划,是临时的一种决定。
④在条件状语从句中,be going to表将来,will表意愿。
例如:If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
如果你将要去旅行,最好尽快做好准备。
6)be +不定式表将来,表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。
例如:We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
7)be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
例如:He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
①一般将来时的时间状语有:tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon, someday,sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。21*cnjy*com
② 用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”用于所有人称。如:I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)
③ “am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作。如:A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)
④ 表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。
如:I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化学药剂).
So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头)
 现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)
⑥ shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。
如:Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗?)
Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗?)
⑦“be to +动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情。
如:An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.
【典例3】(2017?天津) 26. I _______ in the city since I left school.
A. live B. will live C, was living D. have lived
高频考点剖析四:现在进行时的用法
1、结构:am/is/are+动词的现在分词
2、现在进行时的用法:
1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作。常与now,right now,at this moment等时间状语连用。
例如: We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。
2)表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内),一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。
例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。(说话时只处于写作的状态。)
He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。
3)表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
例如:You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
4)表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。? 5)表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。表移动的终止性动词(come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等)用于现在进行时,表示即将要发生动作。
例如:I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。
规则
原形
-ing形式
一般在动词原形末尾加-ing
listen
listening
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
have
prepare
having
preparing
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing
sit
begin
run
sitting
beginning
running
以ie为重读音节结尾的动词,先去掉e,把i改为y,再加-ing
lie
die
lying
dying
以er结尾的动词,如是重读音节结尾,先双写r,再加-ing;如不是重读音节结尾,就直接加-ing
prefer
water
preferring
watering
3、V-ing变换规则
① 现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。
② 现在进行时的时间状语有: now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。如:What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么?)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说)21·cn·jy·com
③ 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有:come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如:I’m coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么?)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)
④ 表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感彩。如:He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净)
【典例4】 (2017·河北) 33. Wow! You _____ dinner! Let’s eat now.
A. cook B. are cooking C. will cook D. have cooked
高频考点剖析五:过去进行时的用法
1、构成:was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing)
2、用法:
表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作,通常与表过去的时间状语连用。
例如:At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候,我正在收拾东西去露营。
表移动的动词,如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作。
例如:She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。
在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行。
例如:It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。
在叙述或描写过去的事情时,过去进行时经常与其它过去时态,特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。
例如:One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .一天晚上,他正在书房里打字。突然,一个人闯进屋来,切断了电源……
① 过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。
② 过去进行时的时间状语有:then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如:He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具)
③ 用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如:She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌)
④ 也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感彩。如:He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)
【典例5】(2017·四川达州) 27. —What’s the matter, Jack?
—I ________ down while I ________ on the ice. I got hurt badly.
A. was felling, skated B. fell, was skating C. fell, skated D. was falling, skating
高频考点剖析六:现在完成时的用法
1、构成:助动词have/has+动词的过去分词
2、现在完成时的用法
1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already, yet, ever, never, just,before 等词连用。
例如:Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗?
2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间 的时间状语连用,常用的有:for+一段时间;since+过去时间点或从句。(Since 用来说 明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度),提问用How long.
例如:It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。
现在完成时需注意的问题:
①表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,2-1-c-n-j-y
come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等。
例如:He has joined the army for five years. (错误)He has been in the army for five years.(正确)
②非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以 持续的。
例如:I have received his letter for a month.(错)
I haven't received his letter for almost a month. (对)
③不能和明确的过去时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last week,in 1998,two days ago等。
4)have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别:
have/has gone to:是说去某地方了,即在那个地方或者是在去那个地方的途中
Have/has been to:去过什么地方,即现在已经不在那个地方了
例如:Mr.Li has gone to Lanzhou 去了兰州(现在在兰州或者在去兰州的路上) I have never been to Beijing去过北京(现在已经不在北京了) 【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
①在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。
②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有:already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如:I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)
③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有:for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如:I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作)
④口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如:They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)
⑤have been to与have gone to的区别:have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如:--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里?他去了英国。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗?是的,我去过那里三次。)
⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表:
瞬间性动词的完成时

延续性动词或状态动词的完成时
have
(already)
gone to…
have
been in / at …
for (two years)
has
 
come to…
has
been here
since (1990)
(had)
 
left…
(had)
been away from…
 
 
 
arrived…
 
been in…
 
 
 
died
 
been dead
 
 
 
begun
 
been on
 
 
 
ended
 
been over
 
 
 
bought...
 
had…
 
 
 
borrowed…
 
kept…
 
 
 
joined…
 
been in …
 
或者使用下面这个句型:
It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语
[注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是:瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如:How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久?)(句子中keep取代了borrow)
【典例6】(2017?四川南充) 25.—Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there.
—No, it can’t be her. She _______ to Beijing.
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. will go
考点过关☆专项突破
类型一:一般现在时的用法
1.(2017·甘肃天水) I’ll lend you the story book as soon as I ___________ it.
A. will finish reading B. will finish to read C. finish reading D. finish to read
类型二:一般过去时的用法
2.(2017·浙江温州) 8. Simon looks worried because he _______ a writing competition and now he’s waiting for the result.
A. enters B. entered C. will enter D. is entering
3. (2017·安徽)I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it ______ a lot over the years.
A. changed B. changes C. will change D. has changed
4.(2017?湖南湘潭)29.Some of my classmates ____an English play at the art festival two days ago.
A .have B. had C. has
类型三:一般将来时的用法
5.(2017·甘肃白银)21.We TV from seven to nine last night.
A, were watching B. will watch C. watched D. watch
6.(2017·湖南长沙) 21. —Hello, John. This is Mike. What are you doing now?
—I’m watching a football match. It started at 7:30pm and on for another one hour.
A. has been B. was C. will be21·世纪*教育网
7.(2017·湖南益阳) 29. —I wonder if Tom ______ this afternoon.
—Don’t worry. I will tell you as soon as he ______.
A. will come; comes B. comes; will come C. comes; comes
类型四:现在进行时的用法
8.(2017·四川乐山) 34.—Look out! Something ______ down from the building.
—Dear me! It’s too dangerous.
A. fell B. falls C. is falling
类型五:过去进行时的用法
9.(2017?四川成都)40. —Did you hear someone knock at the door just now ?
—Sorry. I to my friend on the phone.
A. was talking B. talked C. am talking21教育网
10.(2017·甘肃兰州)36. When you me last night. I the piano.
A. were calling. ..was playing B. were calling... played C. called... played D. called. ..was playing
11. (2017·湖北随州)—Did you watch the football match on TV last night?
—I wanted to, but my father _______ his favorite TV program.
A. watched B. watches C. was watching D. had watched
类型六:现在完成时的用法
12.(2017·甘肃天水) 29. In the past few years there ___________ great changes in my hometown.
A. had been B. have been C. were D. are
13.(2017·广东省)40. Betty _______ hard since last term. That’s why her exam results are so good!
A. has worked B. will work C. worked D. was working
14.(2017·四川达州) 32.—Where’s your brother?—Oh, He ________ the library and ________.
A. has been to,so Lucy is B. has gone to, so Lucy has2·1·c·n·j·y
C. has gone to, so has Lucy D. has been in, so has Lucy
考点延伸☆强化训练
1. (2017·湖南邵阳)—Frank, where is your father?—He isn’t at home now. He________ New York.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. goes to
2.(2017?湖南湘潭)27. I ____ a shower when Jimmy called me at nine yesterday evening.
A. am taking B. took C. was taking
3.(2017·湖南长沙) 28. Shared bikes, which are environmentally friendly quite popular among big cities in China since last April.
A. became B. have become C. will become
5.(2017·湖南永州)23. Mount Yangming is fantastic. _____ you ever _____ it?
A. Have; visited B. Was; visiting C. Do; visit
6.(2017?湖南株洲) 25. Be quiet! A bird something on the window.
A. ate B. eats C. is eating
7.(2017·江苏南京)11. —When did the classroom have a power cut?
—This morning, while we ________ a physics lesson.
A. have had B. were having C. are having D. will have
8.(2017?江苏苏州) 10. — Excuse me, what time does Flight BA 2793 leave?— Just a minute. I it for you.
A. check B. checked C. will check D. have checked
9.(2017·江苏泰州) 9. —Did you hear the strange noise next door around 10 o’clock last night?
—No, I ______ my favorite TV programme in my bedroom.
A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching
10.(2017·江苏宿迁)7. My grandparents _____ for over 60 years and they love each other very much.
A. have been married B. got married C. were married D. have got married
11.(2017?江苏盐城) 11. My brother ___________ the Indian film Dangal when I phoned him yesterday.
A. watches B. has watched C. is watching D. was watching
12.(2017·江苏扬州) 11. —You have a nice car.—Thank you. I _____ it for less than one month.
A. bought B. have bought C. had D. have had
13.(2017?江西)31. I’ve just returned from my trip to London. I _____many interesting places there.
A. visit B. will visit C. am visiting D. visited
14.(2017?江西)34.Since we began to use the Internet, our lives_____a lot.
A. change B. had changed C. will change D. have changed
15.(2017?山东泰安) 28. With the development of science and technology, robot cooks ___ in our families in the future.
A. appear B. appeared C. will appear D. is appearing
16.(2017·山东潍坊) 22. A little effort every day, you________ a big difference.
A. makes B. made C. have made D. will make
17.(2017·山东烟台)26.—Look at my new smart phone.
—Wow, it's so cool. When and where you it?
A. do, buy B. have, bought C. did, buy D. have, had
18.(2017·湖北十堰)34. —I saw Mr. Smith in the office at ten yesterday morning.
—That’s impossible. He_______an English party with us then.
A. has B. had C.was having D. has had
19.(2016·湖北襄阳)35. —Can you tell me when you are going to arrive there?
—I'm not sure. But I'll ring you up as soon as I there tomorrow.
A. arrive B. arrived C. will arrive D. am going to arrive
20.(2016·湖北襄阳)36. —Over 100 countries and organizations warm support to the Belt and Road initiative倡议) since 2013.—Wonderful! Our circle of friends is growing bigger!
A. give B. have given C. gave D. will give
21.(2017·四川眉山) 31. I don’t know if Eric _______ this Sunday. If he _____ here, I’ll call you at once.
A. will come; will come B. come; comes C. comes; will come D. will come; comes
22.(2017·四川眉山) 32. Her grandfather _______ a car in 2007. He _______ the car for 10 years.
A. buy; has bought B. bought; has had C. buys; has had D. bought; has bought
23.(2017. 重庆A卷)23. In the past few years, many schools ___________ the ways of doing morning exercises.
A. change B. changes C. will change D. have changed
24.(2017. 重庆A卷)36. As soon as the rain ___________, they will go out to pick apples.
A. stops B. stopped C. will stop D. is stopping
专题十一 几种时态的特殊用法
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
动词时态一直是中考考查的重点内容,对时态的考查主要集中在一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时。对动词时态的考查将以一般现在时、一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时和现在进行时为主。
高频考点一:一般现在时的用法
1.一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,一般在动词原形后面加s或es。
2.一般现在时的用法
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。经常与often,usually,every day,always,sometimes,twice a week,on Sunday等表时间的单词或短语连用。如:
Most of the students in our class usually go to school by bike.我们班里大部分学生通常骑自行车去上学。
I practice playing football every day.我每天练习踢足球。
(2)表示普遍真理或客观事实。如:
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
(3)在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。如:
If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will go for a picnic.
如果明天不下雨,我们将去野餐。
(4)一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如:Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。
(5)一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.
(6)人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有:like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如:I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿)
高频考点二:一般过去时的用法
①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。经常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last Sunday,in 2010,just now,the other day,three days ago等。如:21世纪教育网版权所有
I met him in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上见到了他。
②表示过去习惯或经常发生的动作。与之连用的时间状语有last…, in…, from…to…,often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。
如:
He often went to work by bus last year.去年他经常乘公共汽车去上班。
Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young.
③讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如:I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)
高频考点三:一般将来时的用法
①表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。一般情况下用“will+动词原形”结构。当主语是第一人称I/we时,助动词也可用shall。如:21*cnjy*com
He will be back in two days.他将在两天后回来。
Lucy will go to visit her uncle tomorrow.明天露茜将要去看望她的叔叔。
We shall go to see you next Sunday.下个星期天我们将去看你。
②表示计划、打算、决定要做的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。一般情况下用“be going to+动词原形”结构。如:
—What are you going to do this Sunday?这个星期天你打算干什么?
—I'm going to practice English.我打算练习英语。
Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.看那些乌云,天要下雨了。
③一般将来时常用的时间状语:tomorrow,next week,next year,in two days,in the future,from now on,soon等表示将来的时间状语。
④用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”用于所有人称。如:I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)
⑤shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如:Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗?)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗?)
高频考点四:现在进行时的用法
①表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。如:
—What is he doing?他正在干什么?—He is watching TV.他正在看电视。
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态(说话时不一定正在做)。如: They are picking apples on a farm these days.这些天他们一直在农场摘苹果。
③表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有:come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如:I’m coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么?)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)
④表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感彩。如:He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净)
⑤go,come,leave,arrive等表示位置移动的词通常用现在进行时表示将来。如: He is leaving for Japan tomorrow.他明天要前往日本。
⑥现在进行时常用的时间状语:now,all the time,these days,this year,at the moment等。
高频考点五:过去进行时的用法
①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。如:
—What were you doing at this time yesterday?昨天这个时候你在干什么?
—I was doing my homework.我正在做我的家庭作业。
We were reading when the teacher came in.当老师进来时我们正在读书。【出处:21教育名师】
②用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如:She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌) I was watching TV while my mother was cooking.我在看电视,而我的妈妈正在做饭。
③过去进行时常用的时间状语:at that time,at nine yesterday,those days,when/while引导的时间状语从句等。过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。
④也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感彩。如:He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)
高频考点六:现在完成时的用法
①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。时间状语有:already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如:I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)
②表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,可能还要持续下去,常与for或since连用,表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。时间状语有:for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如:I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作)
【注意】非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。必须把非延续性动词改为相应的表示延续性的动词或短语,这时可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
③口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如:They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)
④have been to与have gone to的区别:have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如:--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里?他去了英国。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗?是的,我去过那里三次。)
⑤在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表:
或者使用下面这个句型:
⑥常见的非延续性动词通常作如下变换:
come→be in,leave→be away,buy→have,borrow→keep,die→be dead,begin→be on,close→be closed,open→be open,join→be in/be a member of,go/come there→be there,get married→be married,catch a cold→have a cold,return→be back,fall ill→be ill,become→be,has gone to→has been in等。如:
考点剖析☆名师点拨
高频考点剖析一:一般现在时的用法
1、结构
肯定式:主语+ am /is/are +其他
否定式:主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他
一般疑问句式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他?
简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 + am/ is /are (否)No,主语+am/is/are not
肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他
否定句式: 主语+(助动词) don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他
简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not
缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not
2、用法
表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有: always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。
表示现在的状态。 例如:My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父亲在工作,他很忙。
表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。
例如:All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。
表示客观真理,客观存在,自然现象。
例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等瞬间动词。
例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时 来表示将来要发生的动作。
例如: I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。
3、当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-s或-es:
规则
动词原形
第三人称单数形式
一般在词尾加-s,(清辅音后读∕s∕,在浊辅音后读∕z∕;在t后读∕ts∕,在d后读∕dz∕。)
play
leave
swim
plays
leaves
swims
以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es,读∕iz∕,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。
pass
fix
teach
passes
fixes
teaches
以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变y为i, 再加-es,读∕z∕。
study
carry
studies
carries
注意:动词have的第三人称单数是has.
① 一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语:often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。【版权所有:21教育】
如:They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)
② 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语
如:The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)
③ 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。
如:The train for Haikou leaves at 8:00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车)
④ 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。
如:Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话)
If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)
⑤ 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。
如:Here comes the bus. (车来了) There goes the bell.(铃响了)。
⑥ 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.
⑦人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有:like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see.
如:I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿)
【典例1】(2017?天津) The earth is a planet and it _______ around the sun.
A. goes B. go C. will go D. went
【答案】. A
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:地球是一颗行星,它围绕太阳转。英语中,凡是客观事实、客观真理或谚语,应用一般现在时。因it是第三人称单数主语,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选A。
高频考点剖析二:一般过去时的用法
1.结构
肯定式:主语+ was/were +其他
否定式:主语+ was/were +not + 其他
一般疑问句式: Was/Were + 主语+ 其他?
简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 + was/were (否)No,主语+ was/were not
肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他
否定句式: 主语+(助动词)didn’t +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他
简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not
用法
表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等连用。在一般过去式中,要表达“过多少时间之后”,一般用after。
例如:Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用,且有明确过去的时间状语。
例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间状语连用,但这些时间状语须指过去的时间,决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。例如:Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗?
动词过去式变换规则
构成规则
动词原形
动词过去式
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed,(在清辅音后读∕t∕;在浊辅音和元音后读∕d∕;在
∕t∕,∕d∕后读∕id∕。
look
play
work
looked
played
worked
结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d
like
live
hope
liked
lived
hoped
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed
plan
stop
drop
planned
stopped
dropped
结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“I”再加-ed
study
worry
cry
studies
worries
cries
① 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有:at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。21·cn·jy·com
如:I got up at 6:00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)
② 表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有:yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。
③ 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有:last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。www.21-cn-jy.com
如:Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. 【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。
如:I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)2-1-c-n-j-y
【典例2】(2017·广东省)38. Sue wasn’t happy because she _______ , the concert given by her favorite singer.
A. misses B. missed C. will miss D. is missing 【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。根据前面的关键词wasn’t可知此空用一般过去时。故选B。
高频考点剖析三:一般将来时的用法
结构
肯定句式:主语+助动词will+动词原形+其他
否定句式:主语+助动词will+动词原形+not+其他
一般疑问句式:助动词Will+主语+动词原形+其他
简单回答:在口语中,will在名词或代词后常缩为’ll,Will not常简缩为won’t。
在疑问句中,主语为第一人称时(I和we)时,常用助动词shall。
例如:She’ll go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。
Shall we go to the zoo? 我们要去动物园吗?
肯定句式:主语+be going to +动词原形+其他
否定句式:主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句式:Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他
简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+be (否)No,主语+be not
用法
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等连用。21cnjy.com
例如:I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
2)表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。
例如:I’ll come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我将每个星期六来看你。
3)表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测,通常用be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。21·世纪*教育网
例如:I think she’ll go back home for supper. 我想她会回家吃饭。
4)be going to +不定式,表示将来。
①表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准 备的意思。即计划,安排要发生的事。
例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
②表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生。
例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
5)注意:be going to 和will之间的区别。
①两者都用于预测时,be going to意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生,属客观的推测;will 则意指说话人认为相信某件事将要发生,属主观的推测。
②两者在时间的发生上,be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情;而will不指明任何具体时间,可以指遥远的未来。
例如:He is gong in to be better. 他的病就要好起来了。
③两者都表示意图时,be going to含有预先计划、准备的意思;will则指未经过预先思考或计划,是临时的一种决定。
④在条件状语从句中,be going to表将来,will表意愿。
例如:If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
如果你将要去旅行,最好尽快做好准备。
6)be +不定式表将来,表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。
例如:We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
7)be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
例如:He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
①一般将来时的时间状语有:tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon, someday,sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。
② 用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”用于所有人称。如:I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)
③ “am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作。如:A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)
④ 表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。
如:I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化学药剂).
So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头)
 现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)
⑥ shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。
如:Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗?)
Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗?)
⑦“be to +动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情。
如:An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.
【典例3】(2017?天津) 26. I _______ in the city since I left school.
A. live B. will live C, was living D. have lived
【答案】 D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:自从我离校以来,我一直住在这座城市里。句中的since,表示“自从……以来”,其用法是:主句(现在完成时)+ since + 从句(一般过去时)。故选D。 
高频考点剖析四:现在进行时的用法
1、结构:am/is/are+动词的现在分词
2、现在进行时的用法:
1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作。常与now,right now,at this moment等时间状语连用。
例如: We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。
2)表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内),一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。
例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。(说话时只处于写作的状态。)
He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。
3)表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。21*cnjy*com
例如:You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
4)表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。? 5)表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。表移动的终止性动词(come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等)用于现在进行时,表示即将要发生动作。
例如:I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。
规则
原形
-ing形式
一般在动词原形末尾加-ing
listen
listening
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
have
prepare
having
preparing
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing
sit
begin
run
sitting
beginning
running
以ie为重读音节结尾的动词,先去掉e,把i改为y,再加-ing
lie
die
lying
dying
以er结尾的动词,如是重读音节结尾,先双写r,再加-ing;如不是重读音节结尾,就直接加-ing
prefer
water
preferring
watering
3、V-ing变换规则
① 现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。
② 现在进行时的时间状语有: now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。如:What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么?)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说)
③ 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有:come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如:I’m coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么?)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)
④ 表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感彩。如:He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净)
【典例4】 (2017·河北) 33. Wow! You _____ dinner! Let’s eat now.
A. cook B. are cooking C. will cook D. have cooked
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态的用法。句意:哦!你做完晚餐了!现在让我们吃饭吧。强调过去的动作,对现在造成的影响,用现在完成时态。故选D。
高频考点剖析五:过去进行时的用法
1、构成:was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing)
2、用法:
表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作,通常与表过去的时间状语连用。
例如:At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候,我正在收拾东西去露营。
表移动的动词,如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作。
例如:She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。
在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行。
例如:It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。
在叙述或描写过去的事情时,过去进行时经常与其它过去时态,特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。
例如:One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .一天晚上,他正在书房里打字。突然,一个人闯进屋来,切断了电源……
① 过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。
② 过去进行时的时间状语有:then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如:He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具)
③ 用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如:She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌)
④ 也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感彩。如:He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)
【典例5】(2017·四川达州) 27. —What’s the matter, Jack?
—I ________ down while I ________ on the ice. I got hurt badly.
A. was felling, skated B. fell, was skating
C. fell, skated D. was falling, skating
【答案】B
【解析】考查过去进行时态的用法。根据句中的while“当……时候”,以及结合语境,可知强调在过去某一刻正在发生的动作,用过去时态;fall为非延续性动词用一般过去时态;skate为延续性动词用过去进行时态。故选B。
高频考点剖析六:现在完成时的用法
1、构成:助动词have/has+动词的过去分词
2、现在完成时的用法
1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already, yet, ever, never, just,before 等词连用。
例如:Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗?
2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间 的时间状语连用,常用的有:for+一段时间;since+过去时间点或从句。(Since 用来说 明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度),提问用How long.
例如:It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。
现在完成时需注意的问题:
①表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,
come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等。
例如:He has joined the army for five years. (错误)He has been in the army for five years.(正确)
②非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以 持续的。
例如:I have received his letter for a month.(错)
I haven't received his letter for almost a month. (对)
③不能和明确的过去时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last week,in 1998,two days ago等。
4)have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别:
have/has gone to:是说去某地方了,即在那个地方或者是在去那个地方的途中
Have/has been to:去过什么地方,即现在已经不在那个地方了
例如:Mr.Li has gone to Lanzhou 去了兰州(现在在兰州或者在去兰州的路上) I have never been to Beijing去过北京(现在已经不在北京了)
①在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。
②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有:already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如:I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)
③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有:for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如:I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作)
④口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如:They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)
⑤have been to与have gone to的区别:have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如:--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里?他去了英国。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗?是的,我去过那里三次。)
⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表:
瞬间性动词的完成时

延续性动词或状态动词的完成时
have
(already)
gone to…
have
been in / at …
for (two years)
has
 
come to…
has
been here
since (1990)
(had)
 
left…
(had)
been away from…
 
 
 
arrived…
 
been in…
 
 
 
died
 
been dead
 
 
 
begun
 
been on
 
 
 
ended
 
been over
 
 
 
bought...
 
had…
 
 
 
borrowed…
 
kept…
 
 
 
joined…
 
been in …
 
或者使用下面这个句型:
It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语
[注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是:瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如:How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久?)(句子中keep取代了borrow)www-2-1-cnjy-com
【典例6】(2017?四川南充) 25.—Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there.21教育名师原创作品
—No, it can’t be her. She _______ to Beijing.
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. will go
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态辨析。句意:——看!你们的怀特老师是在那边。——不可能是她。他去北京了。通过答语不可能是她,她去北京了,说明到北京去了,用has gone to。has been to是曾经去过某地。故选A。
考点过关☆专项突破
类型一:一般现在时的用法
1.(2017·甘肃天水) I’ll lend you the story book as soon as I ___________ it.
A. will finish reading B. will finish to read C. finish reading D. finish to read
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态及finish的用法。句意:我一读完这本故事书我就借给你。在as soon as连接的时间状语从句中,指未发生的动作,规律是:主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时;又根据finish其后接V.-ing形式可知,本题故选C。
类型二:一般过去时的用法
2.(2017·浙江温州) 8. Simon looks worried because he _______ a writing competition and now he’s waiting for the result.
A. enters B. entered C. will enter D. is entering
【答案】 B
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:赛蒙看上去很担心,因为他参加了(entered)写作比赛,现在他正在等待结果。由语义可知应选一般过去时。故选B。
3. (2017·安徽)I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it ______ a lot over the years.
A. changed B. changes C. will change D. has changed
【答案】. D
【解析】考查动词时态辨析。句意:我对我家乡的新的面貌感到惊叹,因为它这么多年已经改变了很多。根据句意及句中时间状语over the years知,这里指的是“过去的动作对现在的影响”,应用现在完成时态表达。故选D。
4.(2017?湖南湘潭)29.Some of my classmates ____an English play at the art festival two days ago.
A .have B. had C. has
【答案】. B
【解析】考查动词的时态。 句意:我的一些同学在两天前的艺术节上有一个英语节目。根据文中的two days ago用一般过去时态,故选B。
类型三:一般将来时的用法
5.(2017·甘肃白银)21.We TV from seven to nine last night.
A, were watching B. will watch C. watched D. watch
【答案】.A
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:昨晚从7点到9点我们一直在看电视。表示过去某一段时间内(from seven to nine last night)某人正在做的事情用过去进行时态,其构成为:was/were+v-ing。故选A。
6.(2017·湖南长沙) 21. —Hello, John. This is Mike. What are you doing now?
—I’m watching a football match. It started at 7:30pm and on for another one hour.
A. has been B. was C. will be
【答案】. C
【解析】考查动词的时态 句意:——你好,约翰,你正在干什么?——我在观看足球比赛。下午七点半开始的,__一个小时。根据another one hour, 另一个小时,根据句意是指比赛将会持续一小时。用一般将来时态。故选C。
7.(2017·湖南益阳) 29. —I wonder if Tom ______ this afternoon.
—Don’t worry. I will tell you as soon as he ______.
A. will come; comes B. comes; will come C. comes; comes
【答案】.A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:——我想知道汤姆今下午是否能来。——不要担心。他一来我就告诉你。第一句是以if引导的宾语从句,主句是一般现在时,由时间状语(this afternoon)可知从句应用一般将来时态;第二句是以as soon as引导的时间状语从句,主句用一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时态。故选A。
类型四:现在进行时的用法
8.(2017·四川乐山) 34.—Look out! Something ______ down from the building. 21教育网
—Dear me! It’s too dangerous.
A. fell B. falls C. is falling
【答案】. C
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:——小心!有东西正从楼上掉下来!——天啊!这太危险了。由Look out!可知,此处指动作正在进行,故用现在进行时。故选C。2·1·c·n·j·y
类型五:过去进行时的用法
9.(2017?四川成都)40. —Did you hear someone knock at the door just now ?
—Sorry. I to my friend on the phone.
A. was talking B. talked C. am talking
【答案】. A
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:——你听见刚才有人敲门吗?——对不起(,我没听见)。我正在电话上和我的朋友交谈。根据语境以及问句中的时间状语just now,可知答语中的动作表示“过去正在打电话”,故用过去进行时was talking。故选A。
10.(2017·甘肃兰州)36. When you me last night. I the piano.
A. were calling. ..was playing B. were calling... played C. called... played D. called. ..was playing
【答案】. D
【解析】考查动词的时态。意为:你给我打电话时,我正在弹钢琴。When引导的时间状语从句时,主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时。故选D。
11. (2017·湖北随州)—Did you watch the football match on TV last night?
—I wanted to, but my father _______ his favorite TV program.
A. watched B. watches C. was watching D. had watched
【答案】. C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:—昨晚你在电视上看足球比赛了吗?—我想看,但我爸爸一直在看他最喜欢的电视节目。过去进行时常常表示在过去某段时间内一直在做某事,结合I wanted to可知作者没有看成,是因为爸爸一直在看节目,故用过去进行时。故选C。
类型六:现在完成时的用法
12.(2017·甘肃天水) 29. In the past few years there ___________ great changes in my hometown.
A. had been B. have been C. were D. are
【答案】. B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。根据空格前时间状语In the past few years可知,该句子的时态应为现在完成时态。故选B。
13.(2017·广东省)40. Betty _______ hard since last term. That’s why her exam results are so good!
A. has worked B. will work C. worked D. was working
【答案】. A
【解析】考查动词时态。根据关键词since可知此句用现在完成时。故选A。
14.(2017·四川达州) 32.—Where’s your brother?—Oh, He ________ the library and ________.
A. has been to,so Lucy is B. has gone to, so Lucy has
C. has gone to, so has Lucy D. has been in, so has Lucy
【答案】. C【解析】考查现在完成时态的用法以及so引导的句式。结合语境可知让的兄弟不在说话者的眼前,“去了图书馆”,用has gone to;第一句的主语为your brother,第二句为Lucy,前后主语不一致,需要倒装。故选C。
考点延伸☆强化训练
1. (2017·湖南邵阳)—Frank, where is your father?—He isn’t at home now. He________ New York.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. goes to
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:——弗兰克,你爸爸在哪里?——他现在不在家,他去纽约了。has/have gone to意为“去了某地”,强调在路上或已经到达。结合句中“He isn’t at home now”可知他在去纽约的路上或者已经到了纽约。故选A。
2.(2017?湖南湘潭)27. I ____ a shower when Jimmy called me at nine yesterday evening.
A. am taking B. took C. was taking
【答案】. C
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:当吉米昨天晚上九点给我打电话的时候我正在洗澡。由句中的时间状语从句“when Jimmy called me at nine yesterday evening”可知当吉米打电话时我正在洗澡,因此要用过去进行时。故选C。
3.(2017·湖南长沙) 28. Shared bikes, which are environmentally friendly quite popular among big cities in China since last April.
A. became B. have become C. will become
【答案】 B
【解析】考查动词的时态 句意:自四月份以来,有利于环保的单车共享在中国的大城市相当受欢迎。根据时间状语“since+过去的时间点”可知要用完成时态。故选B。
5.(2017·湖南永州)23. Mount Yangming is fantastic. _____ you ever _____ it?
A. Have; visited B. Was; visiting C. Do; visit
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的时态辨析。句意:阳明山是极好的。你曾经去过吗?根据语境及时间状语ever可知本句应是现在完成时,故选A。
6.(2017?湖南株洲) 25. Be quiet! A bird something on the window.
A. ate B. eats C. is eating
【答案】.C
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:安静! 有一只小鸟正在窗户上吃东西。ate为动词eat的过去式形式,一般过去时态;eats为第三人称单数形式,一般现在时;is eating正在吃,现在进行时;Be quiet!是现在进行时态的标志。故选C。
7.(2017·江苏南京)11. —When did the classroom have a power cut?
—This morning, while we ________ a physics lesson.
A. have had B. were having C. are having D. will have
【答案】. B
【解析】考查动词时态辨析。句意:“教室什么时候停电”“今天早上,当我们 上物理课的时候”。while当……时候,强调动物的持久性,因此用进行时态,又由问句中的时态知,用过去进行时态。故选B。
8.(2017?江苏苏州) 10. — Excuse me, what time does Flight BA 2793 leave?— Just a minute. I it for you.
A. check B. checked C. will check D. have checked
【答案】. C
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:——打扰了,英航2793航班何时离开?——稍待片刻,我为你查一下。根据句意,表示“检查”的动作即将发生,此题应用一般将来时。故选C。
9.(2017·江苏泰州) 9. —Did you hear the strange noise next door around 10 o’clock last night?
—No, I ______ my favorite TV programme in my bedroom.
A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching
【答案】.C
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:——昨晚大约10点钟的时候,你听到过隔壁房间奇怪的声响了吗?—没有。我(当时)正在卧室里看我最喜欢的电视节目。上文提示的过去某个具体的时间点提示下文应用动词的过去进行时态,表达过去某个时间正在进行的动作。故选C。
10.(2017·江苏宿迁)7. My grandparents _____ for over 60 years and they love each other very much.
A. have been married B. got married C. were married D. have got married
【答案】. A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:我祖父母已经结婚60多年了,他们彼此非常恩爱。根据时间状语for over 60 years提示是持续到现在的动作或状态,用现在完成时态表达;be married表示状态“已婚”,和for引导的表示一段时间的时间状语连用。Get married是终止性动词短语。故选A。
11.(2017?江苏盐城) 11. My brother ___________ the Indian film Dangal when I phoned him yesterday.
A. watches B. has watched C. is watching D. was watching
【答案】. D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:当我昨天打电话给我哥哥时,他正在看印度电影《摔跤吧,爸爸》。据句意,应使用过去进行时表示昨天打电话时哥哥正在做的事,故选D。
12.(2017·江苏扬州) 11. —You have a nice car.—Thank you. I _____ it for less than one month.
A. bought B. have bought C. had D. have had
【答案】. D
【解析】考查动词时态和非延续性动词的用法。含有设题空的句意为“我买它不到一个月。”for less than one month为“一段时间”的状语,常与现在完成时连用,但不能与非延续性动词连用。故选D。
13.(2017?江西)31. I’ve just returned from my trip to London. I _____many interesting places there.
A. visit B. will visit C. am visiting D. visited
【答案】. D
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意为:我刚从伦敦旅行回来。我 _____ 那里许多有趣的地方。visit是动词原形,一般现在时;will visit是一般将来时;am visiting是现在进行时;visited是过去式,一般过去时。分析题干可知,“我”已经从伦敦旅行回来了,所以“参观那里有趣的地方”发生在过去,用一般过去时。故选D。
14.(2017?江西)34.Since we began to use the Internet, our lives_____a lot.
A. change B. had changed C. will change D. have changed
【答案】. D
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意为:自从我们开始用互联网,我们的生活 _____ 很大。change(改变;变化)是动词原形,一般现在时;had changed(已经变化)是过去完成时;will change(将要变化)是一般将来时;分析题干可知,此处是since引导的时间状语从句,since从句是一般过去时,所以主句our lives _____ a lot用现在完成时,主语our lives是复数,所以用have changed。故选D。
15.(2017?山东泰安) 28. With the development of science and technology, robot cooks ___ in our families in the future.
A. appear B. appeared C. will appear D. is appearing
【答案】. C
【解析】考查动词时态。由句中in the future(将来)可知用一般将来时态。句意:随着科技的发展,机器人厨师未来将出现在我们的家庭中。故选C。
16.(2017·山东潍坊) 22. A little effort every day, you________ a big difference.
A. makes B. made C. have made D. will make
【答案】. D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:每天做出一点努力,你就会有很大的改观。前文是一个省略的条件状语从句,If you make a little effort every day…由此可以判定主句用一般将来时态,D will make是将来时,故选D。
17.(2017·山东烟台)26.—Look at my new smart phone.
—Wow, it's so cool. When and where you it?
A. do, buy B. have, bought C. did, buy D. have, had
【答案】. C
【解析】考查动词时态用法。句意:——看我的新智能手机。——哇,非常酷了,你何时何地买的?根据语境可知,这里强调买的时间和地点,应用过去时态表达。故选C。
18.(2017·湖北十堰)34. —I saw Mr. Smith in the office at ten yesterday morning.
—That’s impossible. He_______an English party with us then.
A. has B. had C.was having D. has had
【答案】. C【解析】考查动词时态。句意:—昨天上午十点钟我在办公室看见史密斯先生了。—不可能,那时他正和我们一起举行英语聚会呢。句中的then相当于at ten yesterday morning,表示过去某个时刻正在做某事要用过去进行时,故选C。
19.(2016·湖北襄阳)35. —Can you tell me when you are going to arrive there?
—I'm not sure. But I'll ring you up as soon as I there tomorrow.
A. arrive B. arrived C. will arrive D. am going to arrive
【答案】. A
【解析】考查动词的时态用法。句意:——你能告诉我什么时间你能到那里?——我不确定。但是我一到那里就给你打电话。as soon as“一……就……”其遵循“主将从现”原则,所以我明天到达那里应该用一般现在时(arrive)。故选A。
20.(2016·湖北襄阳)36. —Over 100 countries and organizations warm support to the Belt and Road initiative倡议) since 2013.—Wonderful! Our circle of friends is growing bigger!
A. give B. have given C. gave D. will give
【答案】. B
【解析】考查动词的时态用法。句意:——自从2013年以来,超过100个国家和组织强烈支持一带一路倡议。——非常好!我们周围的朋友在增加。根据since 2013可知应该用现在完成时(have given)。故选B。
21.(2017·四川眉山) 31. I don’t know if Eric _______ this Sunday. If he _____ here, I’ll call you at once.
A. will come; will come B. come; comes C. comes; will come D. will come; comes
【答案】.D
【解析】考查复合句的用法。句意:我不知道这周日Eric会不会来。如果他来这儿,我立刻给你打电话。 由I don’t know …考查宾语从句,且时间是这个周日,故用将来时态;而第二个句子考查是条件状语从句,主句是将来时态,从句要用一般现在时态,且主语he为三单形式,故用comes。故选D。
22.(2017·四川眉山) 32. Her grandfather _______ a car in 2007. He _______ the car for 10 years.
A. buy; has bought B. bought; has had C. buys; has had D. bought; has bought
【答案】.B
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:2007年他爷爷买了一辆小汽车,他拥有这辆车已经10年了。由in 2007是一般过去时态的时间状语,故第一个空用bought;由for 10 years可知,第二分句需要用现在完成时态,且需要用延续性动词have代替buy。故选B。
23.(2017. 重庆A卷)23. In the past few years, many schools ___________ the ways of doing morning exercises.
A. change B. changes C. will change D. have changed
【答案】. D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:在过去几年里,很多学校都改变了做晨操的方式。in the past few years是典型的现在完成时的标志,故选D。
24.(2017. 重庆A卷)36. As soon as the rain ___________, they will go out to pick apples.
A. stops B. stopped C. will stop D. is stopping
【答案】. A
【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意:雨一停,他们就出去摘苹果。as soon as 一……就,引导时间状语从句。其特点是主将从现,故选A。