考点53 任务型阅读之综合任务-备战2018年中考英语核心考点全突破（有答案解析）

命题趋势：
近几年，任务型阅读这一新题型逐步进入中考题。任务型阅读主要考查生实际运用语言的能力。它要求生在阅读理解的基础上完成某些任务，考查生的判断推理能力。
一、题型特点
1. 命题灵活，题型多样。
一般阅读理解题型多采用选择题，题型单一。任务型阅读题则可以通过一篇短文或一幅图表要求生完成多项任务，命题人可以随心所欲地设计出多种题型，考查生多方面的能力。
2. 贴近生活，凸显交际。
任务型阅读重在考查用英语解决实际问题的能力，生需在任务的引导下开展阅读，其问题设置不仅具有真实性、情境性，而且也体现出一定的开放性。这样的设问形式贴近生使用语言的现实生活情景，生完成任务的过程既是分析问题、解决问题的过程，也是运用语言进行交际的过程。
3. 读写结合，重视输出。
任务型阅读改变了过去阅读理解单向的信息输入，侧重主动的信息输出，要求生整合短文中的相关信息，然后根据题目要求回答问题或完成图表，综合性很强。
4. 语言精练，高度概括。
任务型阅读题目要求生填表或给文章拟标题时一般都有一定的字数限制，要求生在正确把握原文的基础上，充分运用自己所语言，重新整合信息，运用规范、概括的文字准确无误地表达出来。
二、题型分类
综观近年来的任务型阅读题，我们可以归纳出以下五类考点：
1. 中心归纳题
中心归纳题属于综合概括题，主要位于表格的标题处。这类题要求考生在弄懂全文的内容后，抓住文章的中心，然后对中心进行高度浓缩、概括，从而成为统领全文的标题。由于词数被限制在几个单词以内，因此这类题难度较大。考生必须具备对文章进行综合分析、归纳概括以及准确表达的能力。这类试题在考题中通常只占1题。
2. 段意概括题
段意概括题属于分析表达题，主要位于表格的左边栏。这类题主要考查考生对文章体裁、结构的认识及用语言文字的表达能力。如果文章是说明文，那么它的主题是什么？它的目的是什么？作者用什么方式、从哪几个方面进行介绍、说明的？作者通过介绍、说明得出了什么样的结论？作者提出了什么样的建议或希望？如果文章是议论文，那么文章的论点是什么？作者用什么方法、从哪些方面进行论证的？最后得出了什么样的结论？对于考生来说，这类试题有一定的难度，考生必须平时注意对文章进行分析，同时还应多熟记一些概括性的词汇，如：purpose/aim/goal; topic/theme; suggestion/advice; type/kind; way/means/method; effect/result; cause/reason; feature/characteristic; fun_ction/use; comment/assessment等。这类试题在考题中一般占2―3题。
3. 功能理解题
功能理解题属于理解表达题。这类题主要考查考生对句子、信息在文章中所起作用的理解。考生不能只停留在对句子字面意思的理解，而应该透过现象抓住句子、信息的本质，即它与前后信息的联系，它们之间究竟是什么样的关系，如因果、条件、让步、比较等。这类试题在考题中通常占2―3题。
4. 信息压缩及改写题
信息压缩及改写题属于活用题。考生只要通读全文，就能在文章中找到与试题相关的信息，但是由于所给的信息往往过长，考生必须对这些信息进行再次加工，将信息压缩、改写成不超过三个单词的短语。如The boy is eight years old这一信息可考虑改写为an eight-year-old boy。这类试题在考题中占2—3题。
5. 信息获取题
信息获取题属于基础题。考生一边阅读文章就能一边从文章中直接找出试题的相关信息，并且不需要任何加工就可将它直接作为试题的答案。这类试题在考题中占2―3题。
解题技巧：
任务型阅读之解题方法
1. 通读全文，掌握大意。
首先要通读全文，尤其注意首尾段及每段的首尾句。短文的首句和首段常常是作者要说明的对象、事件起因、作者要阐述的观点、事件发生的时间、地点与人物的联系等，结尾句、段是事件结论或作者要表达的意图、目的等。这样就容易抓住中心，为准确、迅速答题打下良好的基础。
2. 浏览试题，明确要求。
在理解了文章的大意及框架结构后，应开始深入理解文章内容，浏览一下短文所设计的任务，并细读与每一道题目相关的段落，然后根据文中的关键词句确定答案。
3. 整合信息，准确简洁。
任务型阅读题目重点考查生的综合归纳能力，很多题目需要生根据文章内容进行归纳、总结后才能回答，因此，在确定与题目有关的语句后，还要对有关信息进行整合才能确定答案。此外，给文章拟标题类题目对答案有词数限制，要求生必须对信息进行压缩，用尽量少的词汇简洁地表达重要信息。
4. 复读全文，核对答案。
这是至关重要的一步。在此阶段中，要用全文的主题思想统帅各思考题，研究其内在的逻辑关系。审核时，要结合在阅读和答题中所得到的信息重新读短文，检查答案，看是否前后一致、意义和语言知识是否和原文相同，是否符合逻辑等。如果发现前后矛盾、遗漏要点等错误，要立即纠正。
任务型阅读之解题注意事项
1、重视语言知识，抓好语言基本功。
＂任务型阅读＂属于读写并重的综合性试题，它增强了对语言知识的考查力度，从简单的填写单词到回答问题，都要求生在词汇、句法、语法等方面具有扎实的基本功。因此，生在日常习中要以课程标准为依据，依托教材，扎扎实实地夯实自己的语言知识。?
（1）丰富词汇知识，及时归纳拓展词汇的用法。
（2）讲解、分析各种句法，并通过多种形式的操练如：简单句和复合句之间的转换，更改句子主语，把几个简单句改写为一个简单句等形式，让生能对基础知识举一反三，熟练运用。?
（3）要在语境中呈现语法项目，并能灵活运用。
2、加强阅读训练，培养良好的阅读习惯。
（1）培养生带着问题读文章的习惯。做阅读理解类题目时应结合文章后面所设问题进行阅读，边阅读边选出考察表层问题的答案，并确定与考察深层含义有关的段落，为之后的细读打下坚实的基础。
（2）培养生整体把握篇章结构的能力。在阅读训练中，要注重整体阅读，加强文章结构的分析和理解训练。要引导生分析文章结构，由篇章到层次到段落到细节，逐步分析，让生会总结中心思想、挖掘文章的要点及搞清作者的观点。同时，在尝试给文章添加标题的过程中，有效地训练生整体把握篇章结构的能力。冰冻三尺非一日之寒。扎实的语言基础来自于平时严格的基本功训练和长期的知识积累。只要平时刻苦用功，打下扎实的英语知识基础，并掌握的答题方法，一定会攻克任务型阅读这类题目。
A（2016 ? 山东济宁）
阅读短文，根据要求完成文后的题目。
There was a man who had four sons. He wanted his sons to learn not to judge things too quickly. So he sent them to go and look at a pear tree far away in turns.
The first son went in the winter, the second in the spring, the third in summer, and the youngest son in the fall.
When they had all gone and come back, he called them together to describe what they had seen. The first son said that the tree was ugly. The second son said no; it was covered with green leaves, and full of hope. The third so n disagreed. He said there were many flowers that smelled so sweet and looked so beautiful, it was the most wonderful thing he had ever seen. The last son disagreed with all of them, he said there was lots of fruit in the tree, full of life and harvest（收获）.
The man then explained to his sons that they were all right, but they had each seen only one season in the tree’ s life. He told them ＂You cannot judge a tree, or a person by only one season and its true nature — the pleasure, joy, and love that come from that life can only be judged at the end, when all the seasons are up.
If you give up when it’s winter, you will miss the promise of your spring, the beauty of your summer, harvest of your fall. Don’t let the pain of one season kill the joy of all the rest.
1. Why did the man ask his sons to go and look at a pear tree in turns? (no more than 15 words)
2. Did the four sons have the same answer? (no more than 5 words)
3. What did the man think about his sons’ answers? (no more than 20 words)
4. 请将文中画线的句子翻译成汉语。
5. 请给短文拟一个适当的英文题目。
B（2016 ? 山东东营中考）
阅读短文，根据要求完成下面各小题。
Every year, more than nine million people all over the world come to visit London. They go to the museums and theatres; they look at interesting old buildings or have a drink in a park.
A quick and easy way to get to different places in the city is to take an underground train. The London underground is one of the best and most widely used transport networks（状组织）in the world. The trains run all day and most of the night. (83)You’ d better not take the underground between eight o’ clock and ten o’ clock in the morning, or four o’ clock and six o’ clock in the afternoon.(84) The trains are so crowded that you can hardly move or find a place to sit.
London’s famous red buses form a big part of getting around in London. Although the London underground is the fastest and the simplest way of getting around London, the buses play their part and are an experience you should try at least once. By sitting on the top deck (层) of the bus, you can get a great sightseeing (观光的) experience of London as well.
Some special visitors’ buses take you to many of the interesting places in the city on one journey. It takes about one and a half hours, but you can cancel your journey and get off (and on again) at the different places you want to visit.
London taxis are called ＂black cabs＂. Most of them are black, but some are not. You can stop one if it has a ＂For Hire (供租用的) ＂ sign on it. The drivers are friendly and helpful.
In a word, London is a big and beautiful city with Lots to see and to do. Welcome to London.
A. 根据短文内容简要回答问题。
81. How many kinds of transportation can visitors use to get around in London? List them.
___________________________________________________________________
82. If you go to visit London, which two kinds of transportation are you going to choose? Why?
___________________________________________________________________
B. 将短文中划线的句子译成汉语。
83. ___________________________________________________________________
84. ___________________________________________________________________
C. 请给短文拟一个适当的英文标题。
85. ___________________________________________________________________
C（2016 ? 海南）
阅读下面短文，按要求完成各小题。
Nick and his friends were talking about things that can bring them luck. ＂I have a lucky red pen,＂ said Andy. ＂I have a lucky coin,＂ said Peter. ＂Every time I take a test, I carry my lucky coin.＂ Nick thought for a moment, and said, ＂My blue socks.＂ ＂Blue socks?＂ the boys were surprised and asked together. Nick said that every time he wore his blue socks to school before a test, he got a good mark.
The next day Nick had a Chinese test. He was sad because he couldn’t find his blue socks. ＂Mom!＂shouted Nick. ＂Where are my blue socks? I have a Chinese test today, and I need to wear them.＂
＂Don’t be silly,＂ Nick’s mom said. ＂They need to be washed.＂ ＂When I wear them, I get a good grade. ＂ Nick said.
＂Did you prepare for your test?＂ asked Mom.
＂Yes.＂
＂Then don’t worry about it. Just do your best.＂ Mom encouraged.
A few days later, Nick’s teacher told him that he got 95 in his test. Nick was so excited that he couldn’t wait to tell Mom he did well in his test. Mom said, ＂It wasn’t the blue socks that made you success. In fact, it was made by yourself.＂
71. Who could get luck from a red pen? (根据短文内容回答问题)
72. Why was Nick sad the next day? (根据短文内容回答问题)
73. Was Nick’s good mark made by the blue socks or by himself? (根据短文内容回答问题)
74. 从文中找出与下面句子中画线部分意思最接近的短语。
Nick was so excited that he couldn’t wait to tell Mom he did well in his test.
75. In this passage, the underlined word ＂it＂ refers to ________.
A（2017 ? 山东青岛）
阅读下面短文，按要求完成各项任务。
A survey of young people around the world looked at their ideas of today’s teenagers. It shows how different they are to those of their parents and grandparents. The survey wanted to try and understand the next generation ( 一 代 人 ) of adults better and these are some of the results. They show that there are many more (A) similarities between young people around the world than differences.
1
Gap years ( 间 隔 年 ) between school and university are becoming more and more common. Today’s teenagers want to travel to different countries and experience different cultures. They regard this as an important part of their character development.
2
For most teenagers, family and friends are the most important side of life. According to the survey, 60 percent of British young people said their relationship with their family was of the highest importance to (B) them.
3
75 percent of teenagers in Western Europe expect to have enough money to live when they are adults. They are a happy generation. Eight out of ten believe they will have a good profession with a job they enjoy. They also expect that they will be happy and healthy.
4
Young people now are hungry for all kinds of information on mass media. 57 percent of teenagers in the UK read at least one magazine every week, which is one of the highest totals in the world.
任务一 根据文章内容，把相关的信息匹配。将答案的字母代号填入对应的横线上。
A. Hope in the future B. Crazy for information
C. Discovering the world D. Family and friends
1.
2.
3.
4.
任务二 根据上下文，猜测文中(A)处划线单词 similarities 的中文意思。
任务三 找出(B)处划线单词 them 所指代的内容。
任务四 请从文中找出与They have strong interest in learning about all kinds of information from radio, television, Internet and so on. 意思相近的句子。
B（2017 ? 山东德州）
阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。
Nowadays bike-sharing has been very popular in China. Mobike（摩拜单车）is one of the market leaders in the bike-sharing business.
What is Mobike?
Mobike was founded in January, 2015. It is supported by Tencent（腾讯）. People in many cities, such as Beijing, Guangzhou, Jinan as well as Shanghai, have a chance of using the app（软件）. The total number of Mobike app users is larger than that of any other bike-sharing app users.
Who uses Mobike?
According to a survey, 53.33% of the Mobike users are men, while 46.77% are women. 73 Mobike is not only popular with young people, but also wins the hearts of the old. It shows that retired men traveled the longest distances（距离）by shared bikes.
Why do people use Mobike?
Chinese people use Mobike for different reasons. Users can rent（租借）a bike at a low price, usually about one yuan an hour. It also offers people a better choice for short journey in cities, especially when people can’t find a bus or the underground to take. What’s more, it’s helpful in traffic. And the most important is that it can help improve the environment.
71. When was Mobike founded?
72. True or false.（＂T＂代表正确，＂F＂代表错误）
According to the passage, Mobike app has the largest number of users among all the bike-sharing apps. ( )
73. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
74. Why do Chinese people use Mobike? (At least 2 reasons.)
75. Give a proper title（题目）to the passage.
A
阅读短文，按要求完成所给任务。
How do you feel about your Chinese? Is it good or bad? If you think you are good at Chinese, you can take part in the competition named the ＂Chinese Characters Dictation Competition (《中国汉字听写大会》)＂. The competition became popular among teenagers. Let’s know something about it.
More and more computers and smart phones are used by teenagers. They spend too much time on the Internet in playing or chatting. They are used to sending messages by computers and smart phones. As a result, some teenagers forget how to write the Chinese Characters by hand. The teachers and parents are very worried about it. What can they do?
Not long ago, they found an interesting game called the Chinese Characters Dictation Competition. The program was similar to the American show ＂National Spelling Bee＂. In this program, middle school students competed among themselves and wrote down the Chinese Characters by dictation. Over two hundred competitors were from forty-six middle schools. The audiences(观众) loved this new kind of competition, too. They tried to write down the Chinese Characters while the competitors were writing them. But they found it was also difficult for them to write down all the Chinese Characters.
Is it an interesting competition? Can you be the winner?
任务一：Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.

任务二：第三段划线单词＂they＂指代的是
任务三：Who can compete in ＂Chinese Characters Dictation Competition＂?

任务四：Please write down the main idea of this passage.

B
阅读下面短文，按要求完成各项任务。
Many people run for exercise. But what will you do if you are not a ＂born＂ runner or jogger (慢跑者)? You may still want a kind of exercise that’ s inexpensive and easy to do. Why not try walking?
Walking requires no special equipment(装备). It is a kind of exercise that almost any normal, healthy person can do. Walking is good for your health like jogging or running; it will just take longer. Jogging and running make your heart work harder than walking. They also put more stress on your legs and feet than walking does.
The problem with walking is that most people don’t take it seriously. But there’s a big difference between serious walking and the walking that most of us do. Walking, like jogging, should have a steady and continuous motion(稳健而持续的动作).
If you want to get your exercise by walking, you need to have your own walking plan. After all, runners and joggers set goals for themselves. Walkers need goals, too. You also need to set a course to walk. Start by walking about 15—30 minutes a day. Increase your time and distance(距离) slowly. And try increasing your walking speed little by little.
If you prefer to jog or run, follow the same advice. Start off slowly. Spend most of the first few days just walking. Then, start walking and running on the same day. Run or jog a short distance, then walk for a while, then, run, then walk. Follow that pattern for 15—30 minutes a day. Slowly make each run longer and each walk shorter. Later on, you can increase your distance, speed and exercise time.
任务一 将划线短语 a ＂born＂ runner 译为汉语。
任务二 列举两条Jogging和running对身体部位的影响。
1. make
2.
任务三 回答问题。What’s the problem with walking?
任务四 选出作者关于步行健身的两种建议，将字母代号填写在答题卡上。
A. Have a walking plan. B. Walk fast at the beginning.
C. Start by walking an hour a day. D. Increase distance and speed little by little.
1. 2.
任务五 找出最后一段的主题句。
【跟踪训练】
A
本文主要描述了一位父亲让他的四个儿子分布在不同的季节去观察一棵树。每个儿子都看到了不同的景象，并且他们都认为看到的是真实的，父亲说他们看到的都是事实。这位父亲希望告诉儿子们不要因一时的失意而对整个人生都灰心丧气。
1.【答案】Because he wanted his sons to learn not to judge things too quickly.
2.【答案】No, they didn’t.
【解析】根据第二段的描述可知每个儿子的答案各不相同，所以作答No, they didn’ t.。
3.【答案】He thought they were all right, but they had seen only one season in the tree’ s life./ He thought each of his sons had just explained one season of the tree.
【解析】根据第四段的描述可知孩子的父亲认为每个孩子的答案都对，但他们只是看到了树的生命中的一个季节。
4.【答案】勿为一时（一季）的痛苦破坏了所有的（其他季节的）欢乐。
【解析】本题考查英译汉。勿为一时（一季）的痛苦破坏了所有的（其他季节的）欢乐。
5.【答案】Four Seasons of a Tree/Don’ t judge a life/person/tree by one season.
【解析】本文主要描述了一位父亲让他的四个儿子分别在不同的季节去观察一棵树。每个儿子都看到了不同的景象。
B
本文介绍了倍受游客喜欢的胜地——伦敦的交通情况，介绍了主要的交通工具：地铁、红色公交车、旅游车及出租车的特点等等。
81.【答案】They can use four kinds of transportation. They are underground trains, red buses, special visitors’ buses and taxis(black cabs).
【解析】根据短文第二至五自然段，每段介绍了一种交通工具，共四种：地铁、红色公交车、特殊的旅游车及出租车。
82. 【答案】underground trains/an underground train; They are/It is a quick and easy way to get to different places in the city.
Red buses; By sitting on the top deck of the bus, you can get a great sightseeing experience of London.
Special visitors’ buses; You can cancel your journey and get off (and on again) at the different places you want to visit.
Taxis(black cabs); The drivers are friendly and helpful.
【解析】短文提供了四种交通工具及每种交通工具的优缺点。
83.【答案】在上午8：00—10：00和下午4：00—6：00之间，你最好不要乘坐地铁。
84.【答案】地铁里边如此拥挤，你几乎无法移动，也找不到位置可坐。
【解析】so…that…：如此……以至于……。
85.【答案】Traveling around London/Getting around London.
【解析】本文主要介绍的是参观伦敦的各种交通方式。
C
本文叙述了有许多人都有自己的幸运东西，Nick有一双幸运袜子，有一次他想参加语文考试的时候穿，可是袜子让他妈妈洗了，于是他没有穿就去参加考试了，结果考的不错，妈妈给他说，并非袜子给他带来的好运，而是他自己的努力。
71.【答案】Andy.
【解析】根据＂I have a lucky red pen,＂said Andy.可知，Andy有幸运的红色钢笔。
72.【答案】Because he couldn’t find his blue socks.
【解析】根据He was sad because he couldn’t find his blue socks.因为他找不到他的幸运袜子了。
73.【答案】It was made by himself./ By himself. z!xx~k
【解析】根据In fact, it was made by yourself.可知，Nick取得好的成绩是因为他自己做的好，并非因为穿幸运袜子。
74.【答案】got a good mark/ get a good grade
【解析】根据do well in sth在某个方面做的好，就是取得了好的成绩。
75.【答案】the (Chinese) test
【解析】根据 I have a Chinese test today, and I need to wear them可知，他要参加语文考试。
【真题再现】
A
这篇短文主要介绍了一份世界各地青少年对当今青少年的看法，调查显示青少年之间更多的是相似而不是差异。
1. C D A B
2. 相同处，相同的
3. British young people
4. Young people now are hungry for all kinds of information on mass media
B
这篇短文主要介绍了自行车共享的领导者——摩拜单车，出现的时间、受众人群、使用原因及对社会的影响。
71.（Mobike/It was founded）in January, 2015.
72. T/True
73. 摩拜单车不仅受年轻人的欢迎，而且也受到老年人的青睐。
74.（1）Users can rent a bike at low price.
（2）Mobike/It offers people a better choice for short journeys in cities.
（3）Mobike/It is helpful in traffic.
（4）Mobike/It can help improve the environment.
75. 合理即可。
【模拟检测】
A
该文主要介绍了＂中国汉字听写大赛＂的一些情况。越来越多的电脑和智能手机被青少年使用。他们在上玩或聊天的时间太多了。他们习惯于通过电脑和智能手机发送信息。因此，一些青少年忘记了如何手工书写汉字。老师和家长们都很担心。不久前，他们发现了一个有趣的游戏，被称为中国汉字听写比赛。
任务一：结果，一些青少年忘记了如何手写汉字。
任务二：The teachers and parents.
【解析】联系上段中The teachers and parents are very worried about it. 可知they指代老师和父母，所以作答The teachers and parents.
任务三：Middle school students.
【解析】该文主要介绍了中国汉字听写大赛的一些情况，所有作答Something about the Chinese Characters Dictation Competition.。
B
许多人跑步锻炼。该文作者就步行健身的建议是需要有自己的步行计划，逐渐地增加你的距离、速度和运动时间。
任务一 一位天生的赛跑者
【解析】考查英译汉。a ＂born＂ runner译作汉语是＂一位天生的赛跑者＂。
任务二 1. your heart work hard
2. put much stress on your legs
【解析】根据第二段中Jogging and running make your heart work harder than walking. They also put more stress on your legs and feet than walking does.可知，慢跑和跑步相比步行而言，更能增强你的心肺功能，给脚和腿带来的压力也更大。
任务三 The problem with walking is that most people don’t take it seriously. 【解析】根据第三段中The problem with walking is that most people don’t take it seriously.可知，关于走路，存在的问题是大多数人不认真对待它。
任务四 1. A 2. D
【解析】根据第四段的描述可知作者关于步行健身的建议是需要有自己的步行计划，逐渐地增加你的距离、速度和运动时间。%
任务五 If you prefer to jog or run, follow the same advice.
【解析】最后一段的第一句话If you prefer to jog or run, follow the same advice.就是该段的主题句。