考点56 短文填空之自由填空-备战2018年中考英语核心考点全突破（有答案解析）

考点五十六 短文填空之自由填空
把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行，旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力，而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。
自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的，这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是一篇短文挖空8-10个单词，且没有任何提示，让考生根据短文内容自由填词，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。
二、满分技巧
1. 解题步骤：
（1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；
（2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；
（3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。
（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。
（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；
（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等；
（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what,which, who, how, when等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。
A
Many people say that they are working too ____1____ hours. They don’t have free time with their families. They can’t take care ____2____ things at home. They don’t have time to relax.
Work hours are _____3_ ___ from one country to another. In France, people spend about 1646 hours a year at work. In Japanese, however, people work about 2159 hours a year .That means a Japanese worker works 513 more hours a year _____4____a French worker. That is about 12 weekends of extra(额外的) work!
_____5____ do people work so many hours? Some people work extra hours because they want to get more money, but many companies don’t pay ____6____ extra work .The people in these companies work extra hours because they think it’s their duty .Some people are afraid they will _____7_____their job if they don’t work extra hours.
Many people say that their vacations are too short .In France, people get five weeks of paid vacation. In Germany, they get about four weeks. In the United States, two weeks of _____8_____is the average(平均). And many people don’t _____9__ __ all of their vacation days .In one survey, in England ,fewer than half of workers used all their vacation days .In English ,people say ,＂all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy .＂That is true, there are a lot of ____10____ people in the world.
B
Visitors to Japan are often excited about the delicious food, but many people are a little nervous ____1____ what to do at restaurants or in a Japanese household. So it’s helpful to know basic table ____2____ before going to Japan.
____3____ people use knives, forks, spoons and chopsticks to eat. But chopsticks are the most ____4____ utensils (用具). When you are eating dinner with some Japanese friends, don’t directly pass ____5____ from your chopsticks to somebody else’s chopsticks. It’s also important not to ____6____ chopsticks vertically (垂直地) into food, especially into a bowl of rice. It’s not ____7____ to move your chopsticks up and down above dishes or to point at somebody with your chopsticks.
It is polite to lift small bowls of rice or soup when you eat. It ____8____ you from dropping food.
In Japan, it is common to slurp (吃时嘴唇发出很响的声音) while ____9____ noodles. People say the noodles taste better ____10____ they make slurping noises.
C
When I first met my fifth-grade teacher, I was happy. She seemed pretty nice, so I was excited to ____1____ a whole year with her. Every day the class would do a warm-up and then discuss it. We would also read stories, sing songs and learn about different cultures around the world. I thought I was very lucky to have such a great, kind and caring ____2____.
When December came around, my teacher suddenly stopped ____3____ to school. The whole class missed ____4____. Rumors（谣言）spread around the school about ____5____ she didn’t come to school.
＂She’s ____6____ holiday,＂ some girls explained to each other during lunchtime.
＂She’s got really tired of us and decided ____7____ to teach us anymore,＂ some boys said.
____8____ no one knew the truth.
For the rest of the school year, I never saw her again. In the middle of the sixth grade, I received a disturbing（令人不安的）message. She had died of cancer（癌症）. I ____9____ very upset. I wish I could visit her in the hospital. Whenever I think about her, I remember all of the happy times we had together. Because of her, I can understand what matters most to me. I never told her how much she meant to me. And now it’s too ____10____.
A
（2017﹒重庆B）Sometimes we are used to drawing a quick conclusion(结论), but is it right or not? My little son gave me a ____1____.
One day, I took my five-year-old son to go out for a walk after dinner. On the way, we saw an old woman selling fruits. I didn’t take enough money with me. ____2____ my son liked eating fruit very much, I could buy only two pears and gave them to him.
The little boy held the pears in his hands. I asked him if he could share one ____3____ me. On hearing this, he quickly took a bite(咬) from one pear, and the ____4____.
I was quite surprised. I ____5____ myself what mistakes I had made in educating my son so that he acted in such a greedy(贪婪) way. I was lost in thought. Perhaps I was just ____6____ too much. My son was too young to know about sharing and giving.
Suddenly, my son gave me the pear in his right hand and said, ＂Mom, you have this one. This one is much sweeter.＂ Then I knew why my little son took a bite from ____7____ pear.
From then on, I always tell myself not to reach a conclusion too ____8____. Try to spend some more time in understanding things better.
B
(2017﹒广东)What will happen if a family without the Internet for a month? One American family decides to find out. They have sent invitation to a leading US television station, expecting that it will send a film group to record their day-to -day life ____1____ technology for a month.
When the film group meet ____2____ Smiths, they find that Mr. Smith, Mrs. Smith and their two sons are so crazy about technology that ____3____ hardly do things together. At mealtimes, no one ____4____ at the dining table for their food. ＂Everyone just runs into the kitchen, takes their food and then goes back to their screen,＂ Mrs. Smith explains. ＂ ____5____ we don’t make a change, our family will become strangers to each other!＂
Getting back to the normal life without the Internet is not ____6____, especially when the Smiths lose themselves in it. They have to make many ____7____. For example, the two brothers have to go to the school ____8____ to borrow books for their scientific projects, and Mr. and Mrs. Smith need to go out shopping because they cannot buy things ____9____. As the family has picked up the new lifestyle, they find that they can spend more time taking over meals, playing sports and doing all ____10____ of activities together.
Would they be able to go for long without using the Internet after the challenge?
A
（重庆第一中2017届九年级上期期末）Thousands of runners took part in the 34th Beijing International Marathon. But many of them had to ____1____ face masks to protect themselves against pollution. Some runners gave ____2____ the race because of the pollution. British runner Chas Pope said that he was only able to run 10 kilometers of the race in a mask before he decided to stop. He also said that the race should have been stopped because all of the runners wanted to keep away ____3____ the bad air condition.
Gong Lihua is a Chinese runner ____4____ came third in the women’s race. She said the smog had caused some difficulties. ＂I felt I couldn’t breathe well when ____5____ in this kind of smog(雾霾),＂ she said. According to Beijing’s environment center, the air was seriously polluted on that day.
Besides the runners in the race, common people in Beijing are also ____6____ about the situation. Because there are ____7____ many factories built around Beijing that more and more pollutants(污染物) are produced. Also, there is too much traffic on the street, so air is polluted by the waste gas from the cars.
As a result, Beijing government suggests people cutting off outdoor ____8____ and staying indoors more. If they are going to go out, remember to wear a face mask.
B
（湖南省岳阳地区2017年中考二模）Do you know how to make friends with a group of people? Let me tell you something about ____1____ friends with the group. Maybe it’s helpful to you.
First you need to know what kind of group they belong ____2____. If people in the group are shy, never ____3____ them ＂Why don’t you talk?＂, ＂Why are you quiet?＂ or ＂Why do you look shy?＂ They don’t like such ____4____.
Next, remember that each group is different. They may use ____5____ words, like different things or have different ways of ＂hanging out＂.
Then, the important thing is that you must try to be outgoing. ____6____ you are outgoing, you will become very popular. Remember, ____7____ wants to make friends with a quite shy person.
Finally, find a right topic to talk ____8____ others or the one you want to make friends with. For ____9____, you can talk with them about the weather, their hobbies or their school lives.
If you do all these above, you will make more friends and get ____10____ well with them.
C
（广东省东莞市2017届中考冲刺考前押题）When I was 12, something ____1____ to me changed my interest. We lived near a wood and ____2____ sang beautifully in the trees every evening. I wanted to catch a bird and keep it in a cage so that I can have my own singer.
I did get one and put it in my cage. I felt very happy and looked ____3____ to some beautiful songs from it. On the next day, its mother flew to the cage with food. The baby bird ____4____ everything. I was happy to see this. Surely the mother knew ____5____ her baby liked better than me.
The next morning, I found the baby bird dead. What was wrong? I took ____6____ care of the bird. Arthur Wayne told me the reason. ＂A mother bird, finding ____7____ baby in a cage, will sometimes bring it some poisonous(有毒的) strawberries. She thinks it is ____8____ for it to die than to live in a cage.＂
Never since then have I caught any living birds or ____9____ it in a cage. It made me know following ____10____ rules in nature sometimes means everything to the living things.
跟踪训练
A
【文章大意】短文谈论的是工人的工作时间问题。开头先尖锐地指出工作时间太多的问题，随后对法国和日本的工作时间进行对比，印证各国的工作时间不同，然后求证工作时间太多的原因，是因为许多工人害怕失业，最后对超时工作的人提出了批评。
3. different 【解析】句意：从一个国家到另一个国家工作时间是不同的。from one to another从一个到另一个。根据下文法国和日本的工作时间对比，可知每个国家的工作时间不一样，故填different。
4. than 【解析】句意：这意味着一个日本工人比一个法国工人每年多工作513个小时。根据句意，这里是对两个国家进行了比较。more...than比……多。根据句意，故填than。
5. Why 【解析】句意：为什么人们工作这么多个小时？根据下个句子Some people work extra hours because they want to get more money.给出了原因，可知上一句问的是为什么。故填Why。
6. for 【解析】句意：但是许多公司不支付额外的工作量。pay for sth.为……付钱，固定短语。根据句意和语境，可知填for。
7. lose 【解析】句意：有些人担心如果他们不加班，他们就会失业。lose job失业。根据句意和语境，可知填lose。~
8. vacation 【解析】句意：在美国，有平均两周的假期。根据下一句And many people don’t use all of their vacation days .可知，填vacation。
9. use 【解析】句意：而且许多人不实际使用他们所有的假期。根据句意和语境，可知填use。
10. dull 【解析】句意：世界上有很多无趣的人。dull迟钝的。根据上一句all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.可知填dull。
B
【文章大意】本文主要介绍日本的基本餐桌礼仪。
3. Japanese 【解析】句意：日本人用刀、叉、匙和筷子吃饭。People人，名词，需用形容词，Japanese people：日本人；根据第一段内容结合句意和语境可知填Japanese。
4. popular 【解析】句意：但是筷子是最受欢迎的用具。根据句意和语境可知填popular。
5. food 【解析】句意：当你和一些日本朋友一起吃饭时，不要直接把食物从你的筷子传给别人的筷子上。根据句意和语境可知填food。
6. stick 【解析】句意：同样重要的是不要把筷子垂直地插在食物里，尤其是放在一碗米饭里。Stick sth. into sth.：把…插入…；结合句意和语境可知填stick。
7. polite 【解析】句意：用筷子在盘子上下翻动或用筷子指着别人是不礼貌的。根据句意和语境可知填polite。
8. prevents 【解析】句意：它可以防止你掉食物。阻止某人做某事：Prevent/stop /keep sb. from doing sth.；本文时态是一般现在时，主语三单，谓语应用三单形式；结合句意和语境可知填prevents /stops /keeps。
9. eating 【解析】句意：在日本，吃面条的时候发出啧啧吃的声音，这很常见。While连词，当…时候，后面应跟从句或名词性短语。结合句意和语境可知填eating。！
10. if 【解析】句意：人们说如果他们吃面条时发出声音，面条的味道更好。结合句意和语境可知填if。
C
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述我的老师的一些事情，但是后来老师去世了，我想向她说她对于我的意义，但一切都晚了。
1. spend 【解析】句意＂她看起来非常好，所以和她度过了一整年让我非常振奋＂。spend花费，空前有to，故填spend。
2. teacher 【解析】句意＂我认为有如此好的、友善的、细心的老师，我感到非常幸运＂。根据When I first met my fifth-grade teacher可知，故填teacher。
3. coming 【解析】句意＂当十二月份来临时，我的老师突然不来校了＂。根据she didn’t come to school可知，用come，且根据stop doing sth可知，故填coming。
4. her 【解析】句意＂全班同都很想念她＂。根据句意，故填her。
7. not 【解析】句意＂一些男孩子们说，她对我们厌烦了，决定不教我们了＂。根据not...any more不再，以及to do的否定形式，是在to前加not，故填not。
8. But 【解析】句意＂一些男孩子们说，她对我们厌烦了，决定不教我们了。但没人知道真正的原因＂。空位于句首，要大写，根据句意，故填But。
9. felt 【解析】句意＂在六年级中期时，我得到一个不安的消息，她死于癌症，我感到很不安＂。根据句意以及前文为一般过去时可知，故填felt。
10. late 【解析】句意＂我从未告诉她她对我来说意味着什么，但是，现在太晚了＂。根据句意以及前文可知，老师已去世，故填late。
真题再现
A
【文章大意】介绍我们对待人与事不能只看表面现象就马上给出相应的结论。
1. lesson 【解析】句意：我的小儿子给我上了一课。 lesson名词，课、经验、教训。gave sb. a lesson给……一个教训。根据下文作者以对待儿子吃梨一事开始作出的判断与最后儿子的话来说明误解了儿子的行为，这件事给了作者一个教训即lesson。故填：lesson。
2. Although/Though 【解析】句意：虽然我儿子非常喜欢吃水果，但我只能买两个梨给他吃。根据＂儿子喜欢吃梨＂与＂我只能买两个梨给他＂可知是让步关系。although/though连词，即使、虽然，引导让步状语从句。故填：Although或Though。
3. with 【解析】句意：我问他是否可以和我分享一个。 根据意思是和某人分享某物应该是share sth. with sb.的固定搭配。故填：with。
4. the other 【解析】句意：听到这，他迅速地从一个梨上咬了一口，然后再咬了另一个梨。根据前面I could buy only two pears，再由吃了one，又吃the other，即两者时，一个……另一个。故填：other。
5. asked/questioned 【解析】句意：我问自己在教育我儿子上所犯的错误是什么，他这样贪婪地行事。根据后面作者反思自己对孩子的教育是否出现问题，即自问。故填：asked或questioned。
6. thinking / considering / worrying 【解析】句意：或许我考虑的太多。首先根据结构知道应该填一个动词的-ing(进行时态)或-ed(被动语态)，再由前后句意思，此句应该是一个主动句，那排除被动，只能填一个现在分词，其意思应该是作者考虑太多或担心得太多，从后一句知道原因是孩子太小而无法理解分享与给予。故填：thinking /considering或worrying。
7. each 【解析】句意：后来我才知道为什么我的小儿子在每个犁上都咬了一口。根据前面作者终于知道儿子为什么要吃两个梨的原因了，但pear是单数，不能填two或both，能表示两者都同时还接单数只能是each才正确，而either只表示其中一个， every表示三者或以上，数量错误，也不正确。故填：each。
B
【文章大意】短文通过史密斯一家尝试为期一月的没有络技的生活体验，揭示了新的生活方式，可以让人们花更多的时间来吃饭、运动和一起做各种各样的活动。
1. without 【解析】句意：他们已经向美国一家主要电视台发出邀请，希望它能派一个摄制组来记录为期一月的没有技的一天的生活。根据短文开头的句子What will happen if a family without the Internet for a month? One American family decides to find out.，结合本句句意，可知填without。
2. the 【解析】句意：当电影组与Smiths一家见面时，他们发现史米斯先生、史米斯太太和他们的两个儿子对技术非常痴迷。根据句意，结合西方文化常识，姓氏前面加定冠词the表示某某家族。故填the。
3. they 【解析】句意：他们发现史米斯先生、史米斯太太和他们的两个儿子对技非常痴迷，几乎不合作。根据句意和上下文提示，可知填they，代指上文所说Mr. Smith, Mrs. Smith and their two sons。
4. sits 【解析】句意：在进餐时间，没有人坐在餐桌上吃食物。at the dining table在餐桌旁；no one没有人，单数人称。根据句意，可知填sits。
5. If 【解析】句意：如果我们不改变，我们的家庭将成为陌生人！根据句意，本句是if引导的条件状语从句，居于句首大写首字母，故填If。
6. easy 【解析】句意：在没有络的情况下恢复正常生活并不容易，尤其是当史密斯一家陷入困境的时候。根据句意，联系上下文，可知填easy。
7. changes 【解析】句意：他们必须做出许多改变。根据下文所举的事例，都是和平日不同的，是改变后的。故填changes。
8. library 【解析】句意：兄弟俩必须去校图书馆为他们的课题借书。borrow books借阅图书。根据句意，借阅图书当然是在图书馆，故填library。
模拟检测
A
【文章大意】短文介绍了空气污染问题。在第三十四届北京国际马拉松比赛中，许多运动员由于空气污染不得不戴上口罩，也有一些选手放弃了比赛。北京的普通市民也很担心这种状况。因此，北京政府建议人们减少户外活动，多呆在室内。如果要出去，记住戴口罩。
1. wear 【解析】句意：但是他们中的许多人不得不戴上口罩来保护自己不受污染。to后跟动词原形，结合句意可知，许多运动员由于空气污染不得不戴上口罩，故答案为wear。
2. up 【解析】句意：由于污染的原因，一些赛跑选手放弃了比赛。give up放弃，结合句意可知，答案为up。
3. from 【解析】句意：他还说比赛应该停止，因为所有选手都想远离恶劣的空气状况。keep away from远离……，结合句意可知，停止比赛目的就是远离恶劣的空气状况。故答案为from。
4. who /that 【解析】句意：龚丽华是中国选手，在女子比赛中得了第三名。此句是定语从句，先行词是runner，指人，引导词要用that/who。
5. running 【解析】句意：我觉得在这种雾霾下跑步呼吸就不顺畅。when 引导的时间状语从句中，当when与进行时态连用时，如果从语的主语与主句的主语一致，be可以省略，变成＂when+ V-ing＂形式，故答案为running。%
6. worried 【解析】句意：北京的普通百姓也很担心这种情况。be worried about为……感到担忧，结合句意可知，答案为worried。
7. so 【解析】句意：因为北京周围有这么多工厂，所以产生了越来越多的污染物。so many后跟可数名词复数，意思是＂如此多的＂，故答案为so。
8. activities 【解析】句意：北京政府建议人们减少户外活动，多待在室内。outdoor activities户外活动，防止污染一个有效的方法就是减少户外活动，故答案为activities。
B
【文章大意】本文给出了和一伙人交朋友的一些建议。首先，你需要了解他们属于什么类型的团体；接下来，记着每一个团体是不同的；然后，你要努力保持外向的性格；最后，找到一个合适的话题和别人交谈。
1. making 【解析】句意：让我告诉你一些和这个团体交朋友的事。交朋友：make friends；about介词，后面跟名词，代词或动名词；结合句意和语境可知填making。
2. to 【解析】句意：首先，你需要知道他们属于什么样的群体。固定短语belong to：属于；结合句意和语境可知填to。
4. questions 【解析】句意：他们不喜欢这样的问题。根据上文的问句＂Why don’t you talk?＂, ＂Why are you quiet?＂ or ＂Why do you look shy?＂结合句意和语境可知填问题questions。
5. different 【解析】句意：他们可能会使用不同的词语，喜欢不同的东西或不同的闲逛方式。根据下文like different things or have different ways of ＂hanging out＂.结合句意可知填different。
6. If /When 【解析】句意：如果你外向，你就会变得很受欢迎。/当你外向时，你会变得很受欢迎。结合句意可知填If /When。
7. nobody 【解析】句意：没有人愿意与一个很害羞的人交朋友。根据本段的第一句the important thing is that you must try to be outgoing.结合句意和语境可知填nobody。
8. with 【解析】句意：最后，找一个合适的话题与别人交谈，或者与你想交朋友的人交谈。和……交谈：talk with；结合句意和语境可知填with。
9. example 【解析】句意：例如，你可以和他们谈论天气、他们的爱好或他们的校生活。例如for example；根据下文的例子，结合句意和语境可知填example。
10. on/along 【解析】句意：如果你做到以上这些，你会交到更多的朋友，并与他们相处得很好。短语get on/along with：和……相处；结合句意和语境可知on/along。
C
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了作者住在树林边，非常喜欢听鸟儿唱歌。作者想抓住一只鸟，把它关在笼子里，这样作者就能有自己的歌手了。有一天逮了一只幼鸟，把它关在笼子里。第二天，它的妈妈带着食物飞到笼子里去了。这只小鸟吃了所有的东西。作者很高兴看到这个。第二天早上，作者发现那只小鸟死了。作者想不明白。他悉心照料它。亚瑟韦恩告诉作者原因。可能鸟妈妈发现它的宝宝在笼子里，有时候把一些有毒的草莓带给它。她认为死在笼子里比呆在笼子里好。它让我们明白了，遵循自然法则对生命来说有时候意味着一切。
1. happened 【解析】句意：当我12岁的时候，我身上发生的事情改变了我的兴趣。Sth. happens to sb.：某人发生了什么事。过去分词作后置定语。结合句意和语境可知填happened。
2. birds 【解析】句意：我们住在树林附近，鸟儿每天晚上在树上优美地唱歌。根据下文I wanted to catch a bird and keep it in a cage so that I can have my own singer.结合句意和语境可知填birds。
5. what 【解析】句意：母亲肯定知道她的孩子比我更喜欢什么。Like，喜欢，及物动词；结合句意和语境可知填what。
6. good 【解析】句意：我悉心照料这只鸟。Take good care of：好好照顾；结合句意和语境可知填good。
7. its 【解析】句意：一只鸟妈妈发现它的宝宝在笼子里，有时候把一些有毒的草莓带给它。结合句意和语境可知填its。
8. better 【解析】句意：她认为死在笼子里比呆在笼子里好。根据介词than与句意和语境可知填better。
9. kept 【解析】句意：从此以后，我再也没有捉任何活的鸟，也没有把它关在笼子里。Keep sth. in a cage：把某物放在笼子里；根据语境可知现在完成时，现在完成时构成：have +过去分词；结合句意和语境可知填kept。21世纪教育
10. the 【解析】句意：它让我明白了，遵循自然法则对生命来说有时候意味着一切。根据下文in nature的修饰词，可知特指，用the。