考点65 书面表达之叙事描写类-备战2018年中考英语核心考点全突破（有答案解析）

考点六十五 书面表达之叙事描写类
叙事描写类的书面表达是以叙述和描写为主要表达方式，以写人、叙事和经历、写物、绘景等为主要内容的文体：
这一类的书面表达动词使用率最高，且富于变化，用得最多的是动词的过去时态，其他各种时态为辅。合理使用丰富多彩的动词时态是这类书面表达的首要语言特征。人物类书面表达如果是对人的性格、外貌等叙述常用一般现在时，如果通过事件来刻画人物的性格，那么就要用过去时。写好这类书面表达要注意以下几点：
1. 头绪分明，脉络清楚
写好书面表达，首先要头绪分明，脉络清楚，明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析，弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程，然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都要围绕五个＂W＂和一个＂H＂来展开，分别是why, what, when, where, who及how。
2. 突出中心，详略得当
在文章的框架确定后，对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的一步。选材要注意取舍，应该从表现文章主题的需要出发，分清主次，定好详略。详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节，略写或粗述那些非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而会使情节罗列化，使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题，也需要一定的技巧。
3. 用活语言，准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的叙事描写类书面表达的语言既要准确、生动，又要表现力强，这样才能把人、事物描写得具体生动。
1.?Among various kinds of things/persons in my mind?... is the most unforgettable one.
2.?On a sunny/rainy morning,?while I was...First of all... Then ... After that... In the end ...
3. He/she/this was one of the most meaningful/enjoyable/unforgettable persons/things that I have ever met/ experienced,?I will remember him/her forever.
加分句子：
1. Sth impressed me greatly...
2. What impressed me most is that...
经典句型：
1.?Last?Sunday（Saturday...）, it?was?sunny（rainy,?windy,?foggy）?
2.?I?got?up?very?early?（late）.?After?breakfast?I?went?to?with?my?friends?by?bike,?bus...???
3.?We?enjoyed?ourselves.
4.?We?forgot?the?time.?We?didn’t?come?back?until?5?o’clock.???
5.?We?all?felt?very?tired,?but?we?were?happy.??
6.?I?thought?I?would?never?forget?this?trip.?
7.?Last?summer,?my?parents?and?I?went?to?Beijing?for?our?holidays.???
8.?We?visited?a?lot?of?places?of?interest.??
9.?We?had?a?good?time?there.?
10.?We?bought?a?lot?of?things.?The?clothes?here?are?good?and?cheap.?
人物类书面表达主要通过刻画人物性格，塑造人物形象，反映生活，表现主题，模版如下：
叙事和经历类书面表达通过叙述事件的起因、经过和结果表现主题。
写景状物类书面表达通过对事物和景点的描述表现主题。文章宜采用总—分—总的结构或总—分的结构，模版如下：
（一）
请根据下面的中文要点提示，以＂A Young Businessman Was Murdered＂为题写一篇不少于90词左右的英语短文。
要点如下：
1. 昨晚十点到凌晨一点之间，发生了一起谋杀案；
2 被害人是一名年轻商人，年仅35岁。案发时，有人听到了呼救的声音；
3. 据警方描述，被害人是因为刀伤，流血过多而死；
4. 目前凶手在逃，警方悬赏10,000元人民币寻求重要线索，……(请发挥1-2句)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（二）
初中生活马上就要结束了，三年的初中生活一定给你留下了挥之不去的记忆。请你给大家讲一下最值得你回忆的故事，包括时间、人物、事情的经过和事后你的感想。
提示词语：four years, memories, one of, one day, think, happy, sorry.
要求如下：1. 短文内容应该包括人物的外貌、性格、爱好和使你难忘之处等；
2. 短文中不得出现真实的校名和人名。
3. 词数100 左右。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（三）
根据所给图画和文字提示，用英语写一篇约80词的短文。要求完整叙述图画内容。
提示词 ：放鞭炮 set off firecrackers 雾霾 smog 装扮 decorate
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（一）
（2017﹒河南）我们每天都要做很多事情，有些还很棘手。请以＂I did it＂为题，并根据要点和要求，用英语写一篇短文，描述一件你完成的棘手事情。
1. 要点：1)你做了什么事情；
2)你是如何做那件事情的；
3)你做完那件事情后的感受。
2. 要求：1)文中不得出现真实姓名和校名称；
2)词数80左右。
I did it
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（二）
（2017﹒新疆）去年暑假你是在那里度过的呢？是外出度假还是待在家里？都做了些什么呢？请以My Last Summer Vacation为题写一篇短文，描述你去年的暑假生活，80-100词。
要求：1. 条理清楚，语言流畅，语法正确，内容充实；
2. 文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名等信息。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（三）
（2017﹒重庆B卷）在我们成长的道路，朋友是不可或缺的那道风景。在相知相伴的岁月里，留下了多少美好的故事和难忘的回忆! 某英语报社以＂A Story Between My Friend and Me＂为题开展征文活动，请你按要求用英语写一篇文章参赛。
要求：1. 故事必须原创；
2. 80-120词，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3. 文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在校的名称。
参考要点：1. 分享故事(起因，经过，结果……)；
2. 表达感受(幸福，感动，思考……)；
3. ……
A Story between My Friend and Me
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（四）
(2017﹒北京)宽容是一种美德。人与人之间难免会有磕磕绊绊。面对矛盾，多一份包容和谅解，生活就会多一缕阳光。
某英文站正在开展以＂包容、谅解＂为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈生活中你原谅他人的一次经历，主要内容包括：你们之间发生了什么，你为什么原谅对方，以及原谅对方之后的感受。
提示词语：hurt, realize, forgive（原谅）, happy
提示问题：What happened between you and him/her?
Why did you decide to forgive him/her?
How did you feel after forgiving him/her?
I still remember what happened between________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（一）
（山东省济南市孙集中等校2017年春季初三英语结业水平考试模拟）根据所给图画，以Sally Smiled Again为题用英语写一篇约80词的短文。要求完整叙述图画内容。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（二）
根据所给图画，用英语写一篇约80词的短文。要求完整叙述图画内容，描述一下Mr. and Ms. Green家里发生了什么。
参考词汇：burglar n. 窃贼
steal (stole, stolen) v. 偷
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
跟踪训练
（一）
【参考范文】
A murder took place between 10 p.m. last night and 1 a. m. this morning. The victim was a young businessman. He was only 35 years old. Someone heard shouting for help at the time of the crime. The police said that the victim was wounded with a knife and bled to death as a result. The murderer hasn’t been caught so far. The police have offered a reward of 10, 000 yuan for the important clues. Anyone who can provide useful information should contact the police.
【亮点说明】
这篇习作的层次清晰，内容饱满，表达流畅。文中使用了非常好的短语，例如take place，between…and，shout for help，at the time of，as a result，so far等。而The police said that the victim was wounded with a knife and bled to death as a result./ Anyone who can provide useful information should contact the police.等多种从句的运用更是为文章增色不少。
（二）
【思路导航】
【参考范文】
How times flies! I have studied in my school for three years. And I will graduate from middle school in a few days. I am eager to share my happiness and sadness with you. I had so many memories in three years’ life. One of them impressed me very much. I still remember, when I began to learn English, I found it too difficult to learn English. No matter how hard I tried, I still couldn’t do well in it and almost gave up. As soon as my English teacher found my problem, she had a talk with me about how to learn English well. Since then, she has kept helping me. Little by little, I’ve become interested in English and I’m good at it. I think I am so lucky to become one of her students. I’ve learned a lot from her. I will try to help others when they are in trouble. I think it is a happy thing to help others.
（三）
【思路导航】
考生首先要认真阅读前面的提示认真审题，确定文章的中心。注意文章文体、人称和时态。本文主要介绍春节前大头儿子和小头爸爸想买鞭炮庆祝春节的故事，因此一般过去时运用较多。根据情景的发展，按顺序安排好材料。同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章具有一定的连贯性。当然，写作时尤要注意文章结构的合理，表述的条理性和准确性。
【参考范文】
One day before the Spring Festival, Xiaotou father and Datou son went shopping, they wanted to buy something to celebrate the Spring Festival. On the way, the father said they should buy some firecrackers, but the son thought setting off firecrackers was very dangerous and it could make more smog. It is bad for people’s health and the environment. The father agreed with him. He suggested they could buy some flowers and grass to decorate their house, the son was very happy to hear that.
【亮点说明】
该范文结构清晰，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯。尤为突出之处在短语和句子的巧妙运用，如celebrate the Spring Festival；make more smog；agree with；It is bad for people’s health and the environment；the son was very happy to hear that等这些短语和句子的运用也让文章增色不少。习中注意总结，牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章的表达更有逻辑性，更富有条理。~
真题再现
（一）
【思路导航】
【参考范文】
I did it
How time flies! I'm fifteen years now. There was one thing that I will never forget. Gone through that matter，I seem to grow up a lot. That was New Year's Eve last year，the students send each other greeting cards. Cards with their own wishes and sent to good friends. I have also been infected by this atmosphere and ready to join the crowd. Suddenly，I saw a student sitting there alone. That is not the famous ＂naughty King＂ Liu Kai do. But now，he seems like a changed man. How he got it？I looked at him puzzled. Suddenly，I wake up. Certainly because no one sent him a greeting card，and no one said to him words of wish. I could not help feeling sad for him. So I handed him a greeting card，and said to him, ＂Happy holiday!＂ He looked at me then looked at the cards，said happily, ＂Thank you!＂ His eyes filled with happiness. He stood up and said,＂I also have a beautiful card. ＂Looked at him，and I smiled. How important group is!
【亮点说明】
本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头介绍了我做了什么事情；接下来介绍我是如何做那件事情的；最后表达我做完那件事情后的感受。此处go through, seem to do sth, stand up, each other, wake up, couldn’t help doing sth, hand sb sth等这些短语的运用也让文章增色不少。
（二）
【思路导航】
【参考范文】
Last year，I have spent a happy summer holiday. During the holiday，I went to Dalian for a visit，there I saw the beautiful sea，it was really amazing. The sea water was as blue as the sky，and it was very clean as well. Also，the beach in Dalian was very nice，we built a small sand palace. When I was swimming in the sea，as if I was a little fish. I like that feeling very much. That's my trip to Dalian，it's really unforgettable. I had a great time. This year，I want to Guilin.
【名师点睛】
首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。！
（三）
【思路导航】
本书面表达以＂A Story Between My Friend and Me＂为题，根据题目要求知道应该写一篇记叙文，同时必须完成相应的要点内容，作文的关键是回忆，因此它的基准时态应该以过去时态为主，即一、二要点，而第三点发表自己对朋友的看法或观点，应该用一般现在时来叙述。写作中注意连词、固定短语的交替使用，使文意连接紧密，还要注意使用丰富的语句，注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系，最后最好要表达出人物的感想和看法。
【参考范文】
A Story between My Friend and Me
There is always something unforgettable in my life, especially the story between my friend and me. One thing happened in the past had a deep influence on me.
Here is the story. On a rainy day, I suddenly fell down and hurt myself badly. My left leg was broken. So I had to stay in hospital for about one month and I was worried about my study. Then my friend Mingming came to see me. When he knew about that, he said he could help me with my study. On hearing this, I didn’t feel worried any more. From that day on, he taught me every day. I was so moved. I didn’t fall behind the other students with Mingming’s help. I thanked him a lot.
In my opinion, friends are very important in our life. No matter what happen, true friends will always be friends.
【亮点说明】
（四）
【思路导航】
本文属于话题类作文，话题是＂包容、谅解＂。主要关于个人经历的，需要考生写出谅解他人的经历，具体内容围绕以下三个方面：1.你们之间发生了什么事？2.你为什么决定原谅他（她）？3.谈谈你原谅他（她）之后的感受。仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确有哪些要点。考生需要从三个方面作答，指出原谅对方的一件事情，原谅的原因以及原谅之后的感受。根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；语言表达要符合英语习惯。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。
【参考范文】
I still remember what happened between me and Tom. Yesterday, I had a fight with my friend Tom. He took away my pen without my agreement. My father bought it for me last year, and I like it very much. His behavior hurt me. I was very angry. For his sorry, he wrote a card:＂Sorry, please forgive me＂. He felt ashamed for what he did. At last I realized that I was too stingy. I choose to forgive him. He was very happy for my forgiveness. I was very happy, too. Through this matter, we became good friends.
As the Chinese old saying goes＂To err is human＂. In our whole long life, I believe, nobody can make no mistakes. Children may broke bowls, students may cheat or do something against the teacher, and grown-ups may do something wrong on their work or even something against the law. Keeping something unpleasant in mind does no good to us. Letting the unhappy matters go brings happiness and pleasure back to our life.
【亮点说明】
接着详细描述发生的事情，先指出矛盾点，＂Yesterday, I had a fight with my friend Tom. He took away my pen without my agreement...＂ 然后，描述转折点，是他认识了错误，给我道歉For his sorry, he wrote a card:＂Sorry, please forgive me＂ . He felt ashamed for what he do. 事情发展的最后，我原谅了朋友并拥抱和好，＂I choose to forgive him. He was very happy for my forgiveness. I was very happy, too. Through this matter, we became good friends..＂最后描述自己的感悟As the Chinese old saying ... Letting the unhappy matters go brings happiness and pleasure back to our life.
模拟检测
（一）
【思路导航】
这是一篇给看图作文，根据所给图画，以Sally Smiled Again为题用英语写一篇短文。结合所给图画，可知本文主要考查一般过去时，人称为单数第三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如：She had to…，So she missed…，During those days she was worried about…，we decided to…，Our monitor encouraged her to…，Sometimes she joined…等句式的应用。写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。
【参考范文】
Sally Smiled Again
Last month, one of my classmates, Sally was sad. Her father got ill and stayed in hospital. She had to look after him. So she missed a lot of lessons. In the English exam she failed.
During those days she was worried about her father and study. When we learned about that, we decided to help her. Some classmates helped her with her study. Others took turns to care for her father.
Our monitor encouraged her to smile at life. Soon Sally caught up with her classmates in her study and her father became better and better. Sometimes she joined us in the game. Smile appeared on her face again.
【亮点说明】
（二）
【思路导航】
（1）弄清图画内容，把握情节线索，根据图画在脑海中串联出完整的故事，注意图画中的细节。
（2）结合提示词，明确考查意图。根据提示，选择正确的时态，运用正确的时态，运用所给或所的词语，尽量运用熟悉的句型，作适当展开、联想，就能比较完整地表达出画面的意思了。
（3）切忌堆砌词语、句子，注意运用适当的连词使句子流畅，连贯。
（4）注意书写的规范：大小写，标点符号等的正确运用。 %
（5）注意检查：单词拼写，语法，动词时态，语序，主谓一致，句子的语序和表达是否符合英文习惯等，尽量减少错误。
【参考范文】
One night, Mr. and Ms. Green were sleeping. So was their cat. The cat dreamed of a fish. At that moment, a burglar came into their room quietly from the window. He wanted to steal something from their house. The cat woke up. He fought with the burglar bravely. Being afraid to wake up the Greens, the burglar had to escape from the window again. The brave cat protected the things from being stolen without waking up its owner.
【亮点说明】
这是一篇比较优秀的作文。时态运用正确，内容要点完整、应用词汇灵活准确，句子通顺、行文连贯、表达清楚，上下文连贯，词数符合要求。