中考英语二轮复习句法讲义（打包12专题）

任务型阅读
【知识点睛】
题材：社会生活、人物传记、科普、广告、咨询等
题型：根据短文内容，设置判断、选择、填空、填表格、完成句子、回答问题、找近义句、找主题句、概括主题、提出问题、英译汉、在文中的横线上，填写一个恰当的单词等题型。（河南的考察形式：选择句子填入文中空缺处使短文完整。）从题型看，任务型阅读不仅能考查学生的阅读理解能力，还能考查学生的语言组织能力、单词拼写能力、英汉互译能力以及其他语言知识，较好地呼应了新课标所倡导的“任务型语言教学”模式。2·1·c·n·j·y
技巧：
1. ____________，____________
答题前, 认真阅读文章, 掌握文章提供的信息内容, 同时要明确文章的中心思想，为答题做好准备。
2. ____________，____________
通读全文后，再浏览问题，从原文中找出能回答问题的关键信息。
关键：
1. ____________，____________
除了注意书写规范以外, 还要确保表达的准确性, 要注意语态、时态和人称等的变化。
2. ____________，____________
完成任务后要把答案带入原文，检查所写的答案是否符合要求，发现问题及时解决。
河南任务型阅读命题形式：
河南任务型阅读（D篇阅读理解）的文体以说明文为主，话题主要为咨询建议和学生学习，偶尔涉及人际交往。词数为180-330，多为3-7段，生词为0-3个，且均给出汉语意思。设题形式为还原句子型，且在文中均匀设空，首句和尾句的设空不超过1个。所给选项以单句为主，少量涉及复合句，如状语从句和定语从句、宾语从句，且词数一般不超过15个。21世纪教育网版权所有
河南任务型阅读做题步骤：
第一步：快速阅读文章，把握文段语脉，寻找主题句，理出文章中心大意。
第二步：详读段落，明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。
第三步：分析语段的内部逻辑层次，定位选项；分析备选项，对应上下文语境，确定选项。
第四步：检查核对。将所选答案带入文中，再次通读全文。
【精讲精练】
A
There are so many expressions in American English that sound pleasant (令人愉快的) but are not. 1_________ When someone says they have to “face the music”, it does not mean they are going to a concert. “Facing the music” means to accept and deal with the punishment of an action. 21cnjy.com
2_________ For example, “I can’t face another night of camping! It’s cold and rainy”. Or “In life, you must face your fears”. Face used in this way is very common. But now, let’s go back to facing the music. Imagine a friend asks you to take care of her beautiful red sports car. She gives you the keys and says, “Thanks so much for watching my car while I’m away. But please, do not drive it. It is an extremely (极其) fast car. 3_________ You want to show off to some friends. So, you drive it around town one night. As bad luck would have it, you lose control of the car and drive it into a stop sign. Bang!
When your friend returns you must tell her what you have done and “face the music”. 4_________ It could be losing her friendship or paying for repairs to her sports car or both. Whatever the music is, you must face it. 21·cn·jy·com
5_________ To “take your medicine” means to accept the results from something bad you have done. And if someone says, “You made your bed. Now lie in it.” they mean you created a bad situation and now you will experience the results. 21·世纪*教育网
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项。使短文意思通顺，内容完整，并将其标号填写在下面题后的横线上。 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A. But you do not listen.
B. “Face the music” is a good example.
C. The “music” here is the result of your actions. 【版权所有：21教育】
D. Americans often use the word “face” in this way. 21教育名师原创作品
E. There are other American expressions that mean the same thing as “Face the music”.
1. ___________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________
B
Earthquakes usually come without warning. What should you do if this happens to you? An earthquake is dangerous, but there are still things you can do to protect yourself.
? Stay calm as the earth begins to shake. Your chances of survival (幸存；存活) in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm. 6 _________. www.21-cn-jy.com
? 7. _________ You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects. Do not stand near walls or windows and stay out of the kitchen. The kitchen is dangerous because of many glass objects. 21*cnjy*com
? 8. _________ Stay away from buildings and trees. If you are in a car, pull over to a place where there are no trees or tall buildings and stay in the car. If you are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge waves that can really harm the people nearby. 21*cnjy*com
? 9. _________ For example, gas fire often comes with an earthquake. If you see a fire, quickly move outdoors to an open area.
Remember to always hope for the best but prepare for the worst.
阅读以上短文，从下面四个中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使文意通顺、正确；根据短文内容回答第10小题。
A. If you are outside, get to an open area as fast as you can.
B. Staying calm is not easy, but it can save your life.
C. If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed.
D. When the earthquake is over, there is still plenty of danger.
6. ___________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________
What is the passage mainly about?
A. The ways to protect yourself when an earthquake happens.
B. The ways to stay away from tall buildings.
C. The ways to stay calm.
D. The ways to move outdoors to an open area.
C
A mouse was surprised to discover that the farmer and his wife had a mousetrap（老鼠夹）in the house. It ran to warn everyone, “There is a mousetrap in the house!”
A hen raised his head and said, “Mr. Mouse, this mousetrap is only for you. I won’t be worried about it.” The mouse turned to a pig, “I am sorry, Mr. Mouse, but the mousetrap has nothing to do with me, either!” the pig said. Then the mouse turned to a cow, “It sounds like you have a problem, not me.” the cow said. The mouse returned to the house with head down and it was very sad because no one would help.
That night the farmer’s wife heard a loud sound and she rushed to see what was caught. In the darkness she could not see that it was a snake. The snake bit（咬）the farmer’s wife. The wife caught a bad fever and the farmer found the best way to treat a fever was chicken soup. So the farmer killed the hen for the soup. The wife got worse and her friends came to visit her. The farmer had to kill the pig to feed them. But the wife didn’t get better and died. Her friends came and the farmer had to kill the cow to feed all of them.
So remember when any one of us is in trouble, we may all be in trouble.
11. Why was the mouse very sad? （不超过5个词）
____________________________________________________________________________
12. What was caught by the mousetrap that night? （不超过5个词） ____________________________________________________________________________
13. What can we learn from the story? （不超过15个词） ____________________________________________________________________________
D
Is chatting on your mobile phone boring without colorful emojis (表情符号)? Those happy, sad and laughing faces help us talk. 21教育网
So what kind of emoji does a country like most? It has something to do with the environment and culture of different countries, according to a report in The Atlantic.
France loves heart emoji more than any other country. It’s reported that 55% of emojis it uses are hearts .This adds to France’s image (形象) as a romantic country.
As for Americans, we see many users choose food pictures. America uses the burger and chicken leg emoji more often than other countries. 2-1-c-n-j-y
Besides, a nation’s scenery and history affect its emoji usage, too?
As it often snows in Russia, people there turn to snow emoji more than those in any other country. In China, people like using panda emoji. And Australia uses more rabbit emoji than anywhere else. It once built the longest fence (篱笆) in the world to keep rabbits from eating their way too far west.
根据短文内容填空, 每空填一词。
14. The ________ emojis can help people ________ on the mobile phone.
15. France loves ________ emoji best ________ France is a romantic country.
16. The environment, culture, as well as ________ and scenery of a country can ________ its emoji usage. 【出处：21教育名师】
17. It is often for ________ to choose emoji of food ________ the burger and chicken leg.
18. Australia once built the ________ fence in the world to ________ rabbits eating their way too far west.
E
Do you often help the people who are in need?
One day, two boys were walking along the road to school when they saw an old woman carrying a large basket of pears. The old woman looked very tired. They went up and said, “Are you going to town? If you are, we’ll help you carry your basket.”
“Thank you,” said the woman. “That’s very kind of you.” Then she told them that she was going to the market to sell the pears. So the boys decided to lift the basket together. They walked slowly with the heavy basket, but they were happy.
The other day, I saw a little girl pick up a piece of banana peel (水果皮). She threw it into the dustbin (垃圾箱). “I hope nobody would throw that on the street,” she said. “Someone may slip (滑倒) and fall.”
Perhaps some people may say that these are not great things. That’s right. But almost all great things are made up of such small things. We shouldn’t wait for the time to do great things. We should begin with these things that are full of love.
19. What was the old woman carrying?（根据短文内容回答问题）
____________________________________________________________________________
20. Where were the two boys going?（根据短文内容回答问题）
____________________________________________________________________________
21. Should we wait for the time to do great things?（根据短文内容回答问题）
____________________________________________________________________________
22. 从短文中找出与下面句子画线部分意思相同或相近的单词。
But almost all great things are made up of such small things. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
____________________________________________________________________________
23. In the passage, the underlined word “it” refers to __________________.
F
A. Goldie does not care about beauty or clothes
B. She learned to make a machine with the blocks（积木）
C. Yet girls appear far less interested in STEM subjects
D. They should also provide a good education
E. The four areas together are known as STEM
Not enough American students want to be engineers, mathematicians, or scientists. The US government wants to change that. The government will spend three billion dollars on the education of young Americans in science, technology, engineering, and math. (24) __________.
Many jobs in the STEM fields will open in the coming years. The purpose of the government’s investment (投资) is to increase the number of Americans who can take those jobs. (25) __________ than boys. Only 25 percent of STEM students are girls.
Camsie McAdams is at the US Education Department. She says girls simply do not feel welcomed in STEM subjects. www-2-1-cnjy-com
Debbie Sterling is an engineer. She invented a toy for girls. The name of the toy is “Goldie Blox”. To interest girls, Sterling created the character “Goldie”. (26) __________. Goldie tells stories, solves difficult problems and builds new worlds.
Mia is a seven-year-old girl who likes science. In her room, she has no fashion dolls. Instead, she received a set of Goldie Blox from her grandmother. (27) __________.
Experts say parents should do more than just buy toys to interest their girls in STEM subjects. (28) __________. At school, girls should take part in projects that require teamwork and creative thinking.
根据材料内容，从五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。
24. __________ 25. ___________ 26. ___________ 27. ___________ 28. ___________
【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
通读全文，感知任务
紧扣原文，搜寻信息
全面兼顾，准确作答
认真检查，验证答案
【精讲精练】
A：BDACE
B：BCADA
C：
11. (Because) no one would help.
12. A snake (was caught).
13. (Remember) when any one of us is in trouble, we may all be in trouble. / We should help others when they are in trouble.
D：
14. colorful；talk/chat/communicate 15. heart；because/as/for
16. history；affect/influence 17. Americans/America；like
18. longest；stop/prevent
E：
19. She was carrying a large basket of pears.
20. They were going to school/town.
21. No, we shouldn’t.
22. little
23. the piece of banana peel
F：ECABD
词语运用
【知识点睛】
《义务教育新课程标准》对词语运用试题的界定：
要求初中毕业生能够理解和领悟词语的基本含义以及在特定语境中的意义；能够了解常用语言形式的基本结构和常用表意功能；能够根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；掌握单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配的使用等。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
词语运用命题特点：
近几年，河南省中考英语词语运用题，保持了应用性、探究性、综合性和时代性的特征，着重考查了学生的基础能力、综合能力和书面表达能力。词语运用题主要考查学生对知识应用的熟练程度，对语言的迁移能力和对语言信息的综合处理能力。【版权所有：21教育】
题材：故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育等。
考察范围：介词、动词、形容词、连词、代词、名词、数词、习惯表达等，既注重语法知识和习惯用语的考查，又加强对篇章结构的理解，同时强调了写的成分。（具体见考点分布表）
河南中考英语词语运用题考点分布表：
年份
分类
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
文体
记叙文
记叙文
记叙文
记叙文
记叙文
记叙文
词数
239
230
204
192
152
197
话题
讲述了当今社会人们把太多时间放在智能手机上，却忽略真实生活中的人和事的现象
讲述了一种当前最受欢迎的心形手势
高中的学生在奥克兰的机场卖咖啡的故事
讲述了一个“以其人之道，还治其人之身”的故事
迈克尔·杰克逊的经历和演唱生涯
人生价值
考点分布（分值）
名词
2
2
2
2
2
1
代词
1
1
1
1
1
1
动词
3
3
3
3
2
2
形容词
2
2
/
2
1
2
连词
1
1
1
/
/
1
介词
/
1
/
1
1
1
副词
1
/
2
1
2
1
数词
/
/
1
/
1
1
（一）重点考查单词拼写、语言基础知识，在考查词汇的同时考查读与写的能力。这就要求考生首先要把握住短文的主旨大意，答题时除了考虑词法、句法，还要研究语篇中句子的结构、衔接和连贯等问题。21世纪教育网版权所有
（二）以上表格显示词语运用主要考查包括名词、动词、副词、连词、代词以及介词等，基本包括所有词类。文体方面主要是以记叙文为主。今年河南省中考英语词语运用试题可能会延续以前的考查模式，设空时仍然会以名词、动词、形容词等实词为主，副词等其他的虚词也会有所涉及。
（三）重视句子之中或句子与句子之间的联系，侧重所给词的变化，如名词、动词、数词、代词、形容词等形式上的变化。21教育网
（四）试题选材符合考生的书面表达水平，文体偏重记叙文，以故事类的话题为主，短文内容贴近学生的学习和生活。词数在200左右。短文共设10个小题，每空一词，第一句话一般不设空，试题力求答案的唯一性。21·cn·jy·com
词语运用注意事项
形式、词法、句法、基础知识
词语运用试题的做题步骤：
1、跳过空格，通读全文，了解大意。
2、复读全文，确定语义，判断词形。
3、利用语境，确定词形。
4、复读全文，验证答案。
词语运用的关键：
________ _________
1. 定词：
_________________________________________________________________________
2. 变形：
a._______________________________________________________________________
b._______________________________________________________________________
c._______________________________________________________________________
d._______________________________________________________________________
e._______________________________________________________________________
一、定词 ______________________
?用方框内所给的词或短语进行填空，两项多余。
various similar with care familiar in trouble
destroy medicines depends on machines gets
Today I’m going to talk about rainforests. Are you __________ with them? They’re interesting and exciting places! Many kinds of the world’s plants and animals live in the rainforests. 21cnjy.com
However, rainforests are __________ now—they are disappearing very fast because they are cut down or burnt every day. As a result, __________ animals and plants are dying out.
Maybe you have never been to a rainforest, so why should you protect them ___________? Rainforests are important to everyone. They are important because the plants in the rainforests make oxygen. We need oxygen to breathe. www.21-cn-jy.com
Rainforest also help to control the weather. When trees are cut down, it _________ hotter. Besides, one quarter of our __________ come from plants. Many of these plants can be found only in rainforests. There is a lot that we have not learnt about rainforests. If we __________ them, we will never find out. 21·世纪*教育网
In my opinion, our future _____________ saving the rainforests. We must tell more people how important rainforests are so that they will stop doing harm to them. We must protect the rainforests now. We have to act now to save our only home. www-2-1-cnjy-com
二、变形 ______________________
a. 动词—___________________________________________________________________
“What is the boy doing?” I asked myself and looked closely. “Oh, he is _________ (pick) up a coin from the ground.” When he ________ (stand) up, we saw each other.
I asked him if he ________ (need) some money. He replied, “No. That’s okay.”
From her sad look, Susie noticed that Mrs. Smith must ____________ (cry) for a long time.
They ___________ (live) here since 2000.
There is a German proverb that says, “Friendship is a plant that must be ________ (water).”
The book written by Lu Xun ________ (sell) well.
__________ (think) about the connections (联系) between words may help you to remember them.
Many children are left alone in the countryside. Let’s try our best ___________ (help) them.
Would you please give me as many ___________ (suggest) as possible?
The window __________ (break) by Jim yesterday has been mended. 2-1-c-n-j-y
Don’t you see a boy __________ (run) towards us?
b. 形容词副词—_____________________________________________________________
The shark got her left arm, and hurt her _________ (bad). Luckily, she tried her best and swam back to the land. 21*cnjy*com
He felt ________ (true) sorry for what he said.
This kind of coffee tastes very _________ (well). 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Her little dog died yesterday. This made her very __________ (happy).
A person who is __________ (honest) always tells lies. 【出处：21教育名师】
She didn’t give up her dream of becoming a surfer, but she had to practice _________ (hard) than before. 21教育名师原创作品
Ma Yun, head of Alibaba, is one of _____________ (rich) persons in the world.
There’s not much ____________ (different) in price between the two mobile phones.
c. 名词—___________________________________________________________________
All those foreign __________ (thief) have been caught. 21*cnjy*com
All parents worry about their _________ (child) success.
Do you know the girl? She is a friend of my _________ (sister).
The story is really __________ (humor). It makes all of us laugh a lot.
I want to learn how to eat __________ (health).
d. 数词—___________________________________________________________________
Most people speak English as a ________ (two) language.
Two ________ (five) of the students in our class are league members.
They go to the library ________ (one) a week.
e. 代词—___________________________________________________________________
Mother asked the Greens to help ________ (they) to some pears.
My hobby is reading comic books, what about ________(you)?
There isn’t ____________ (something) wrong with the computer.
f. 介词连词
【精讲精练】
A
请用适当的词完成下面的短文。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
The Great Wall is known as the eighth wonder of the world. Every year thousands of tourists from all over the world come to visit this place of 1_______ in China.
Last Saturday I went to the Great Wall 2________ some of my friends. It was a sunny day. On our way up, we saw many volunteers keeping order in the sun. They helped the elders with their bags, 3_______ photos for some tourists and answered people’s questions. Though they are very 4_______, they didn’t stop to have a rest. We were deeply moved when we saw this.
Just at that moment, we saw 5_______ little boy standing alone and crying. We went over and asked what 6_______ to him. From his answer we knew that he couldn’t find his mother. We told him not to 7_______ about it and then we tried to get in touch with his mother with the phone number he gave us. Twenty minutes 8_______, his mother turned up. When she saw her son, she was very excited and thanked 9_______ with tears in her eyes.
That day we not only enjoyed the beauty of the Great Wall, but also felt the warmth of the society. 10_______ everyone can reach out a helping hand to others, the world around us will be more and more harmonious (和谐的). 2·1·c·n·j·y
1.________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5.__________
6.________ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ 10._________
B
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词）
Frank was a curious boy. The first time he saw an hourglass (沙漏), he wondered what it was.
His mother said, “An hourglass is made in the s___11___ of 8. The sand is put in at one end, and runs through a small hole in the m___12___. It takes the sand exactly an hour to run through.”
Frank w___13___ the little stream of sand. He was i___14___, because it would not run faster. “Let me shake it, mother,” said he. “It is lazy, and will never get through.”
“It will, Son,” said his mother. “The sand moves little by little, but it moves all the time. When you look at the hands of the clock, you think they go very s___15___, but they never stop. While you are at play, the sand is r___16___, grain by grain. The hands of the clock are moving, second by second. At night, the sand in the hourglass has run through twelve times. The hour hand of the clock has moved a___17___ its great face. This is because they keep working every minute. They do not stop to t___18___ how much they have to do and how long it will take them to do it.”
Now, Frank’s mother wanted him to learn a little poem, but he said, “Mother, I can never learn i___19___.” His mother said, “Study all the time. N___20___ stop to ask how long it will take to learn it.”
Frank followed his mother’s advice. He studied line after line, very busily; and in one and a half hours he knew the poem perfectly.
11.________ 12._________ 13._________ 14._________ 15.__________
16.________ 17._________ 18._________ 19._________ 20.__________
C
用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。
another carry control have life well tree so usual wild
Animals are important in Indian culture and are treated in a special way. For example, a lot of elephants aren’t 21______. They are domesticated (驯养的). They aren’t kept as pets, but as working animals. Every working elephant 22______ its own keeper. An elephant and its keeper meet for the first time when they are both young, and they grow up together. In fact, their relationship continues for the rest of the elephant’s 23______ —perhaps 40 years. Lots of elephants work in the forest, moving heavy 24______ when they are cut down. Some give rides to tourists, or 25______ people during celebrations and festivals. Keepers take excellent care of their elephants, feeding them 26______ and giving them a bath at the end of the working day.
27______ special animal in India is the cow. Cows are protected animals, 28______ they aren’t kept on farms or killed for food, although people do use their milk. So in India you can often see cows walking around towns and cities, and nobody tries 29______ them. If they sit down in the middle of the road, people 30______ drive around them! Do you think it’s interesting?
21. __________ 22. __________ 23. __________ 24. __________ 25. __________
26. __________ 27. __________ 28. __________ 29. __________ 30. __________
【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
词语运用的关键：定词 变形
1. 定词：动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、连词、冠词、感叹词
2. 变形：
a. 动词：时态、语态、非谓语动词、词性变化等
b. 形容词/副词：词性变化、反义词、级别变化等
c. 名词：单复数、名词所有格、词性变化等
d. 数词：基数词序数词变化、单复数等
e. 代词：单复数、反身代词、(人称代词)主宾格、形物代/名物代、(不定代词)肯否含义等
一、定词 （动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、连词、冠词、感叹词）
familiar, in trouble, various, with care, gets, medicines, destroy, depends on
二、变形
a. 动词—时态、语态、非谓语动词、词性变化等
1. picking；stood 2. needed 3. have cried 4. have lived 5. watered
6. sells 7. Thinking 8. to help 9. suggestions 10. broken 11. running
b. 形容词副词—词性变化、反义词、级别变化等
12. badly 13. truly 14. good 15. unhappy 16. dishonest
17. harder 18. the richest 19. difference
c. 名词—单复数、名词所有格、词性变化等
20. thieves 21. children’s 22. sister’s 23. humorous 24. healthily
d. 数词—基数词序数词变化、单复数等
25. second 26. fifths 27. once
e. 代词—单复数、反身代词、(人称代词)主宾格、形物代/名物代、(不定代词)肯否含义等
28. themselves 29. yours 30. anything
【精讲精练】
A篇
1. interest 2. with 3. took 4. tired 5. a
6. happened 7. worry 8. later 9. us 10. If
B篇
11. shape 12. middle 13. watched 14. impatient 15. slow/slowly
16. running 17. around 18. think 19. it 20. Never
C篇
21. wild 22. has 23. life 24. trees 25. carry
26. well 27. Another 28. so 29. to control 30. usually
简单句、并列句、复合句
【知识点睛】
一、句子分类
二、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
陈述句：用于说明事实或说话人的看法
疑问句：用于提问
祈使句：用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等
感叹句：用于表达强烈的感情
（一）陈述句
有肯定和否定两种形式，多以句号结尾，读降调。
陈述句的否定式：
be的否定式（be作系动词和助动词）
助动词、情态动词的否定式
除not外，其他否定词也可以构成否定句
用no表示，no = not any/a
never从不，决不，永不 seldom很少 hardly几乎不
little, few几乎没有
no one/nobody没有人
nothing什么也没有
neither of…没有什么(两者都不)；none of…没有任何，什么都没有(三者或三者以上都不)
too…to…太……以至于不能……
（二）疑问句
1. 一般疑问句
（1）用什么词提问，用什么词回答。
—Are you a student? 你是一个学生吗？
—Yes, I am. 是的，我是。/—No, I’m not. 不，我不是。
（2）否定的一般疑问句往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。（注意yes/no的翻译）
—Don’t you watch TV at night? 你晚上不看电视吗？
—Yes, I do. 不，我看电视。/—No, I don’t. 是的，我不看电视。
（3）用其他词语代替yes/no，使语气更客气、委婉。
—Can you go to the movies with me? 你能和我一起去看电影吗？
—I’m afraid not. I have much homework to do. 恐怕不行，我有很多作业要做。
2. 特殊疑问句
用特殊疑问词来引导，不用________回答。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。
（1）疑问代词：what, who, which, whose, whom
（2）疑问副词：when, where, why, how（对状语进行提问）
（3）疑问词组：how soon, how long, how far, how often等 21cnjy.com
（4）否定的特殊疑问句一般有劝告、建议、责备等意味。
Why don’t you come here?
= Why not come here?
3. 选择疑问句
提出两种或以上的情况要对方选择，不能用________回答，要用完整的句子或其省略形式。
（1）一般选择疑问句句式
—Do you like tea or coffee?
—I like tea.
（2）特殊选择疑问句句式
—Which do you like better, tea or coffee?
—I prefer tea.
4. 反意疑问句
（1）结构：“陈述部分，简短问句？”
（2）原则：_______________，______________
（3）三步走：
第1步 将陈述部分变成一般疑问句
第2步 提取“助动词(或be动词)+主语”，当主语为名词时，要变为代词
第3步 前肯后否，前否后肯（能缩就缩）
（4）回答：实事求是
【翻译】
——Lucy从不早起，是吗？
——是的，她从不早起。/不，她有时候早起。
_____________________________________________________________ 2·1·c·n·j·y
_____________________________________________________________ 2-1-c-n-j-y
（三）祈使句
特征：以____________开头，省略第二人称主语_______；若要表示礼貌，可以加上语气词___________。
肯定式 否定式 特殊式
Stand up! Don’t stand up! No smoking/parking!
Be quiet! Don’t be noisy! No photos!
Let him in! Don’t let him in!
（四）感叹句
感叹句是用来表达人的特殊感情的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感彩。感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是由what或how引导的句子，句末常用“!”。
Great!
A good job!
_______________________________
What a good day (it is)!
What terrible weather (it is)!
What smart students (they are)!
_______________________________
How terrible (the weather is)!
How smart (the students are)!
How fast he runs!
【填空】
___________ tall the boy is!
___________ lovely children!
___________ useful book it is!
___________ exciting news!
三、简单句、并列句、复合句
简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。
I am a student.
Lily and Lucy are twins.
He went up to the door, opened it and entered. 21·cn·jy·com
She will go there either this week or next week. 21*cnjy*com
并列句：由并列连词(and, so, but, or等)把两个或以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子。
He did the work and he did it well.
I like music, but I don’t like this song. 21教育名师原创作品
Either you leave, or Tom leaves.
复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。
Do you know where my bike is?
John fell asleep while he was listening to the music.
That is the woman I met yesterday.
（一）常见句子成分
主语： 句子所要说的人或物；通常由名词或代词担任
谓语： 说明主语的动作或状态；由主动词充当
宾语： 及物动词或介词的对象或结果；通常由名词或代词担任
表语： 在系动词后，表明主语身份或特征；通常由名词、代词、形容词充当
定语： 修饰名词或代词；通常由形容词、代词、数词担任
状语： 修饰动词、形容词、副词；通常由副词、介词短语担任
宾语补足语：说明宾语怎么样或干什么；常由形容词、动词担任
同位语：通常紧跟在名词、代词后，进一步说明它的情况
（二）简单句五大基本句型
主系表 / 主谓(vi.) / 主谓(vt.)宾 / 主谓(vt.)宾宾 / 主谓(vt.)宾宾补 21世纪教育网版权所有
（三）连词
四、三大从句
（一）宾语从句
含义：在主从复合句中充当宾语的句子。
We know Jack is a lazy student.
We are talking about whether it’s a cat.
He is unhappy that he didn’t pass the exam.
分类：动词后宾语从句、介词后宾语从句、形容词后宾语从句
三要素：________、________、________
【难点1】只用连接词whether的情况
I’m thinking about __________ I should see the film.
I haven’t decided __________ to go to the cinema. 21·世纪*教育网
I’m not sure __________ or not it’s worth seeing the film.
结论：________________________________________
【难点2】特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子
Who broke the window?
What happened last night?
What’s the matter/the trouble?
What’s up/wrong?
When will we meet?
【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的转换
I don’t know what I can/should do next. = I don’t know what to do next.
He couldn’t decide which one he could/should buy. = He couldn’t decide which one to buy.
Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo? = Could you tell me _________________________?
结论：
1. 当主句的________与从句的________一致时，且主句的谓语动词是know, decide, learn等时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。
2. 当主句谓语是ask, tell, show, teach等________动词时，且主句的______________和从句的________一致时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。
（二）状语从句
含义：在主从复合句中充当状语的句子。
The bus had left when we arrived at the station.
分类：时间状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句 目的状语从句，比较状语从句 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
各类状语从句连词：
状语从句
连词(从属连词)
时间状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
原因状语从句
结果状语从句
目的状语从句
比较状语从句
【难点1】when, while, as的区别
when：指时间点或时间段；前后动作可__________发生或__________发生
while：只表一段时间；前后动作__________发生，while后加__________动词(或表状态)
as：前后动作并行发生，“一边……一边”；“随着……”
Give this bike to Mary __________ she comes next week.
Return the book to Lily __________ you have finished reading it.
I was doing my homework _________ my mother came in.
You must be quiet __________ Kate is doing her homework.
__________ Tom was watching TV, his parents were taking a walk.
She did sports ________ she listened to music.
【难点2】because, for, since, as的区别
because “________” (从属连词) 指直接原因，语气最强。
I did that because she told me to.
since “________”(从属连词)表示人们已知的事实，语气比because弱。
Since you can’t answer the question, you can ask someone else for help.
as “________” (从属连词) 表示不言而喻、显而易见的原因；语气比since弱。
As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.
for “________”(________连词)不表直接原因，表附加或推断的理由，for引导的是并列句。
It rained last night, for the ground is wet now.
【难点3】“主将/祈/情从现”现象
在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，当主句是____________或____________或____________的句子时，从句要用_____________代替将来。 www.21-cn-jy.com
Don’t point at others with your chopsticks when you _______ (eat).
The boy is very careful when he _______ (cross) the road. 【出处：21教育名师】
You can realize your dream as long as you ________ (not) give up.
Whatever you _______ (do), wherever you ________ (go), I will be here waiting for you.
注意：主将从现只是一种语法现象，只有“主将”，才有“从现”。时间、条件、让步状语从句还可以使用其他的很多时态。
（三）定语从句
含义：在主从复合句中充当定语的句子。
A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.
结构：
先行词(指人/指物)
关系词
关系词在定语从句中的成分
【难点1】定语从句中关系词只能用that的情况
当先行词是________时，如：all, none, something, everything, anything, nothing, the one等，关系词用that
Is this school the one that you graduated from?
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
当先行词被the only, the very(恰恰，正好), the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时，关系词用that
This is the very bus _______ I am waiting for.
当先行词既有______又有______时
I never forget the school and the people that I visited in Shanghai.
当先行词被_______或_______修饰时
This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen. 21教育网
who或which引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用that
Who is the girl _______ is crying sadly?
【难点2】当先行词是时间/地点时，用关系副词when/where，还是关系代词which/that?
I will never forget the days __________ we spent together. 【版权所有：21教育】
I will never forget the days __________ I was in primary school.
This is the school __________ I often pay a visit to.
This is the school __________ that teacher once worked.
【精讲精练】
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句，并分析成分
He often drew pictures on the floor with chalk and when his mother saw what he had done, she would quickly clean them with a mop.
He searched out the farmer whom the king had spoken to and asked him the answer to the riddle.
Some scientists wonder what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used.
二、填空题
A: 根据汉语提示及句意完成句子
My sister is too young to go to school, ____________? 21*cnjy*com
Nancy, sweep the classroom, ____________?
I don’t think she will agree with me, ____________?
You had better stay at home, ____________?
—Mr. Li’s never been to Canada, has he?
—______, ___________. He went there on business last week.
B: 根据句意，用适当的连词或关系词或连接词填空
Work hard, ________ you’ll pass the test easily.
This is the best book _______ I have ever read.
________ it rains heavily, no one is late for the class.
You won’t catch the bus ________ you leave immediately.
The population of China is larger ________ that of America.
He wonders ________ his English teacher can come today.
不但所有的学生而且他们的英语老师都已读了这本故事书。
________ ________ all the pupils ________ ________ their English teacher ________ ________ the storybook.
三、单项选择
—_______ is it from the New Town to the old city center?
—Less than 30 minutes by underground.
A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How far
David, _______, or you will get heavier.
A. doesn’t play sports any more B. doesn’t eat so much meat
C. don’t play sports any more D. don’t eat so much meat
—Listen! Someone is playing the piano.
—Wow! _______ beautiful music! I like it very much.
A. What B. How a C. What a D. How
The war was over about three months ago, _______ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
—Dad, please tell me when Mum ______. I miss her very much.
—She will return when she ______ her task. And she will bring a nice present for you.
A. returns; finishes B. returns; will finish
C. will return; finishes D. will return; will finish
The environment will be worse and worse _______ we take steps to protect it right away.
A. unless B. although C. while D. but
_______ she was tired, ______ she didn’t stop to have a rest.
A. /; so B. Although; / C. Although; but D. Because; so
I still remember the college and the teachers _______ I visited in London years ago.
A. what B. who C. that D. which
Franklin told them all _______ to be in Britain again.
A. how happy was he
B. how happy he was
C. how was he happy
D. how he was happy
—Tell me ______.
—Well, it is like…
A. what is wrong with it
B. what is it
C. what is it like
D. what the matter is with it
【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
一、句子分类
按功能分：陈述句；疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)；
祈使句；感叹句
按结构分：简单句；并列句；复合句(名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句)
二、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
（二）疑问句
2. 特殊疑问句
yes/no
3. 选择疑问句
yes/no
4. 反意疑问句
(2) 前肯后否；前否后肯
【翻译】—Lucy never gets up early, does she?
—No, she doesn’t. / Yes, she does.
（三）祈使句
动词原形；you；please
（四）感叹句
What + (a/an) + adj. + n.+ (subject + v.)!
How + adj./adv. + (subject + v.)!
【填空】How；What；What a；What
三、简单句、并列句、复合句
（三）连词
并列连词：简单句；并列句[顺承、并列关系(and, both…and, as well as, not only…
but also…)，转折关系(but)，选择关系(or, either…or…, neither…nor…)，
因果关系(so, for)
从属连词：复合句（引导名词性从句的从属连词，引导状语从句的从属连词，引
导定语从句的从属连词）
四、三大从句
（一）宾语从句
三要素：连接词、语序、时态
连接词：that；whether/if；what/when/where/which/who/how
语序：陈述
时态：主现从任；主过从过；客观事实/真理用一现，is
【难点1】只用连接词whether的情况
whether；whether；whether
结论：前有介词狼，后有不定虎，后有or not，用whether。
【难点2】特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子
前四个特殊疑问句都是陈述语序，不用变；最后一个特殊疑问句放在宾语的位置
需变成陈述语序when we will meet。
【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的转换
how to get to the zoo；主语；主语；双宾；宾语；主语
（二）状语从句
时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, until, not…until, as soon as, since…
条件状语从句 if, unless, as long as, so long as…
让步状语从句 although, though, even if, even though, whatever, whenever, wherever…
原因状语从句 because, since, as…
结果状语从句 so…that…, such…that…
目的状语从句 so that…, in order that…
比较状语从句 as…as…, not so/as…as…, than…
【难点1】when，while，as的区别
同时；先后；同时；延续性；when；when；when；while；while；as
【难点2】because, for, since, as的区别
1）因为 2）既然，因为 3）由于、鉴于 4）因为、由于；并列
【难点3】“主将从现”现象
一般将来时；祈使句；含情态动词；一般现在时；eat；crosses；don’t；do；go
（三）定语从句
人；who；主语、宾语、表语
人；whom；宾语
物；which；主语、宾语、表语
人/物；that；主语、宾语、表语
人/物；whose；定语
原因(n.)；why；状语
地点(n.)；where；状语
时间(n.)；when；状语
【难点1】定语从句中关系词只能用that的情况
1）不定代词 2）that 3）人；物 4）最高级；序数词 5）that
【难点2】当先行词是时间/地点时，用关系副词when/where，还是关系代词which/that?
1）which/that 2）when 3）which/that 4）where
【精讲精练】
一、1. 并列句（由简单句+and+复合句构成）
简单句：主语：he 谓语：drew 宾语：pictures 状语：often，on the floor，with chalk
复合句：主句：she would quickly clean them with a mop
（主语：she (复合)谓语：would clean 宾语：them
状语：quickly，with a mop）
时间状语从句：when his mother saw what he had done
（主语：his mother 谓语：saw 宾语：what he had done）
2. 简单句（由并列谓语构成该句的两个部分，第一部分有定语从句修饰）
主句：He searched out the farmer and asked him the answer to the riddle.
（主语：he 谓语：search out，asked 宾语：the farmer，him (直接宾语)，
the answer to the riddle (间接宾语)）
定语从句：whom the king had spoken to
（主语：the king 谓语：had spoken to 宾语：whom） www-2-1-cnjy-com
3. 复合句
主句：Some students wonder…
（主语：some students 谓语：wonder）
宾语从句：what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used. (复合句)
主句：what would happen
（主语：what (复合)谓语：would happen）
条件状语从句：if the heat from the computer could be used 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
（主语：the heat (复合)谓语：could be used 定语：from the computer）
二、4. is she 5. won’t you/will you 6. will she 7. hadn’t you 8. Yes；he has
9. and 10. that 11. Though/Although 12. unless
13. than 14. whether/if 15. Not only；but also；has read
三、16—20：DDACC 21—25：ABCBA
动词分类与谓语动词
【知识点睛】
一、动词种类
情态动词用法：
没有人称和数的变化；
不能单独作谓语，后面必须接动词原形构成谓语部分；
变否定，情态动词后直接加not；
变疑问，情态动词直接提前。
can & could
表_________ He can speak English.
He could ride a bike when he was 7.
He is so young that he can’t look after himself.
He couldn’t write when he was only 2.
I will be able to speak German fluently someday.
表_________ Can you pass me some paper?
Could you please tell me where the bookstore is?2-1-c-n-j-y
You can go now.
表_________ —Who is singing in the next room? Is it Lucy? 21教育名师原创作品
—It can’t be her. She has gone to New York.
may & might
表_________ —May I know your name?
—Might I know your name?
—Yes, you __________.
—No, you __________.
You may go now.
表__________ She may know the answer, but I’m not sure.
—Have you decided where to go for your weekend?
—Not yet. We may go to Qingdao.
must & have to
___________ The movie is boring. I must go now.
Drivers must wear the safety belt when driving. This is the traffic rule.
My mother called me. I have to go now.
—Dad, must I practice the piano today?
—Yes, you _______.
—No, you ______./ No, you don’t have to. You may do it tomorrow.
___________ You mustn’t nip off the flowers.
You don’t have to be in a hurry.
（没必要）
表_________ —Whose notebook is this?
—It must belong to Tom. I saw he used it just now.www.21-cn-jy.com
He must have known the truth.
need
___________ You need not get here early.
—Need I repeat it?
—Yes, you ______./ No, you _______.
___________ She needs a dictionary to help her study. 21·世纪*教育网
I need to make a phone call.
The room needs cleaning.
情态动词表推测——一肯，一否，三个不一定
—Whose notebook is this?
—It must belong to Tom. I saw he used it just now.
—Who is singing in the next room? Is it Lucy?
—It can’t be her. She has gone to New York.
She may/might/could know the answer, but I’m not sure.
情态动词+现在完成时
1、表对过去的猜测、可能性
①must have done“一定做了…”用于肯定句，语气最强。
The light is off. He must have slept.
②may/ might have done可能做了…，语气弱，可能性小。其否定式意为“可能不…”，如：He might not have been in. 他可能不在家。might比may可能性更小。
③can (could) not have done“不可能做了…”，语气强，can, could也可用于疑问句，表可能性，如：Could he have left?
2、表示虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，“本来应该”而“没有…”。
①should (ought to) have done. 本来应该做，而没做到 如：
You should have asked him for help. (事实上没求他帮忙)
②could have done 本来能够…，如：He could have passed the exam. (结果没通过)
③might have done 本来可以…
④needn’t have done 本来没必要…
You needn’t have taken a taxi. It is not far. (事实上坐出租车了)
⑤had better have done sth. 用于事后的建议，含轻微的责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”。
⑥表示would rather have done sth.“当时宁愿做了某事”，表示“后悔”的意思。
should, ought to, could, might, had better, would rather也可用于否定句式，意思与上述在肯定句中的意思正好相反。
二、时态
（一）时态分类
（二）各个时态的用法（详细用法请参考附录1）
一般现在时：反复性 规律性 经常性、客观事实真理、主将从现
一般过去时：过去的动作或状态、过去经常或习惯
一般将来时：将来的动作或状态、计划打算、现进表将来
过去将来时：从过去某一时刻看将来、主过从过(would + v.)
现在进行时：此时此刻、现阶段
过去进行时：过去某一时刻(段)正在进行、过去频繁发生
现在完成时：过去发生影响现在、过去发生持续现在将来
过去完成时：过去的过去
—____the film before?
—Yes. I ___it the day before yesterday.
A. Have you seen; saw
B. Did you see; have seen
C. Have you seen; have seen
D. Have you seen; was seeing
（三）易混时态区分：一般过去时VS现在完成时
一般过去时
现在完成时
侧重点
过去的时态；
侧重表示过去的动作，与现在无关
现在的时态；
侧重过去的动作对现在的影响
例句
I saw a movie last night.
强调昨晚上看电影的动作
I have seen the movie before.
强调我了解电影内容
时间状语
ago, yesterday, last…, in 2000, just now等
before, already, yet, so far, ever, never, just, recently, since, for, lately, still等
（不能与一般过去时的时间状语连用）
—___________(see) the film the day before yesterday ?21世纪教育网版权所有
—Yes, I _____________(see) it already. It is really interesting.21*cnjy*com
（四）完成时态中瞬间动词变延续性动词汇总
瞬间动词_______（有/无）现在完成时用法；当瞬间动词用于现在完成时中，并与__________连用时，需要将瞬间动词转换成相应的延续性动词【版权所有：21教育】
—Your sister looks very happy!
—Yeah, she has finally bought the dress she wants most.21*cnjy*com
—Wow, your watch looks nice. Is it new?
—No, I _________ (buy) it since 3 years ago.
将下列瞬间动词转换为相应的延续性动词：
close ( __________ come ( __________ go ( __________
finish( __________ die ( __________ put on( _________
lose ( __________ join ( __________ get up ( _________
buy ( __________ borrow ( _________ open ( __________
leave ( __________ fall asleep ( __________
wake up ( __________ arrive/reach ( __________
start/begin ( __________ catch a cold ( __________
三、语态
（一）主动语态和被动语态
主动语态：动作的 _________ 作主语。I bought a book.
被动语态：动作的 _________ 作主语。A book was bought by me.
（二）被动语态用法
不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁
需要强调或突出动作的承受者
动作的发出者不是人
（三）被动语态基本结构：_________________
（四）各种时态下主动语态、被动语态构成
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去将来时
一般将来时
【小试牛刀】
The building can___________ (see) from every part of the city. It _________ (build) many years ago. 21cnjy.com
Yesterday Tom _________ (tell) me that his bike ________ (break) last week.
The students ___________ often ___________ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
Now he __________ (be) asked if the meeting ___________ (hold) next Friday.
My teacher gave me a new book yesterday.
_________________________________________________________________________
She is looking for her keys at the moment.
_________________________________________________________________________
I saw some girls playing tennis on the playground when I passed.21·cn·jy·com
_________________________________________________________________________
In the old days, the employer made their employees work in the factory from morning to evening.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
_________________________________________________________________________
（五）主动表被动
That book is really _____________________(值得一读).
Harry Potter _______________________(卖得很好).
My bike __________________________(需要修理了).
Great changes _____________(发生了) in the countryside in recent years.
【精讲精练】
一、找出下列句子中的动词，并指出其属于什么动词
He often drew pictures on the floor with chalk and when his mother saw what he had done, she would quickly clean them with a mop.www-2-1-cnjy-com
Li Jun, a 17-year-old girl from Shenzhen Foreign Language School, still can’t believe her 10-day free training camp in the Alps in Switzerland last month was true.
The American official, the French, Japanese who had spoken earlier all lowered their heads in shame, and did not dare to answer.
It’s OK if it takes you a while to feel yourself again when you go to a new place or meet new people.
The drunken man asked the police if they knew where Mabel was as he was put into the back seat of the police car.
二、单项选择
Choosing the right circle of friends will _______ us a lot of troubles, heartaches and possibly a life of deep regret.
A. save B. share C. keep D. bring
It is helpful to ______ a good habit of reading in language learning.
A. take B. show C. develop D. match
The cloth ______ very soft and comfortable.
A. smells B. tastes C. feels D. sounds
The plane will ______ from Beijing Capital Airport and land in London.
A. take up B. take out C. take away D. take off
—How does the animal get food?
—It doesn’t need to do anything. The zookeeper will _____ it with food and drink.
A. offer B. provide C. divide D. give
—Where are you going?
—I’m going to the airport to ______ my friend, Mary. She is going to London on holiday.
A. see off B. put off C. take off D. send off
—My grandma is ill in bed.
—Sorry to hear that. Why not ______ a doctor?
A. send for B. send up C. send away D. send out
—Do you miss your son who is at university, Mrs. Zhang?【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
—No. I often ______ him, and make telephone calls to him.
A. think about B. hear from
C. look after D. learn from
—We must act now because time is ______.
—Yes. Let’s start.
A. coming out B. giving out
C. putting out D. running out
—Do you still have a headache, Bill?
—No, it’s ______. I’m all right now, Mum.
A. dropped B. ran C. left D. gone
You _______ smoke in the hospital.
A. needn’t B. oughtn’t to C. ought to not D. may not
—Another cup of coffee?
—No, thanks. I _____ be off. Mary is waiting for me. 2·1·c·n·j·y
A. can B. may C. must D. might
—May I watch TV for a while?
—No, you _______. You have to finish your homework first.【出处：21教育名师】
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t
—I can’t give up smoking, doctor.
—For your health, I’m afraid you ________.
A. may B. can C. have to D. must
Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
When winter comes, ______ spring be far behind?
A. should B. need C. must D. can
—Will you answer the telephone? It ______ be your mother.21教育网
—Sorry. I ______. I’m very busy.
A. can; mustn’t B. will; can’t C. may; can’t D. need; will
You ______ drive your car so fast. It’s very dangerous.
A. wouldn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. mightn’t
—Shall we meet at the station at 8 a.m.?
—In fact we ______. The train ______ until 10 a.m.
A. mustn’t; doesn’t leave B. mustn’t; leaves
C. needn’t; won’t leave D. needn’t; will leave
—Are you going anywhere?
—I ______ about visiting my sister, but I have changed my mind.
A. think B. have thought C. will think D. thought
—Does this bus go to the beach?
—No. You ______ the wrong way. You want the Number 11.
A. go B. were going C. are going D. would go
—Is Tom at home?
—No, he ______ to town.
A. has been B. has gone C. goes D. will go
The official said they ______ a new law to protect the tourists the next year.
A. makes B. would make C. made D. have made
It ______ usually ______ at this time of year, but today it is raining heavily.
A. is; raining B. won’t; rain C. has; rained D. doesn’t; rain
I ______ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it!
A. left B. went away from
C. have left D. have been away from
When we hurried to the cinema, the film ______ for ten minutes.
A. had been on B. had begun
C. has begun D. begun
—What language ______ in that country?
—German and English.
A. are speaking B. are spoken
C. speak D. is spoken
The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it ______.
A. invents B. was invented C. is invented D. invented
Bamboos can ______ paper.
A. used to make B. be used make
C. be used to make D. be used to making
—Would you mind my sitting here?
—Sorry, it ______ already.
A. has taken B. is taking C. has been taken D. took 【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
动词种类：
主动词，分为系动词（状态系动词、保持系动词、变化系动词、感官系动词）和实义动词（及物动词、不及物动词）
助动词分为助动词(do/does/did/doing/done, is/are/am/was/were/being/been, have/has/had/having/had, will/would/shall/should)和情态动词(will/would/shall/should, can/could/may/might, need/must/have to/had better/ought to…)
表能力
表请求许可
表猜测
表请求许可can/may; can’t/may not/mustn’t
表猜测（可能性）
必须（主客观）must; needn’t
禁止（否定）
表肯定猜测（一定）
需要 情态动词 must; needn’t
需要 实义动词
时态分类：
按时间分：过去、现在、将来
过去：一般过去（v-ed）、过去进行（was/were doing）、过去将来（would+v.）、过去完成（had+done）
现在：一般现在（v.）、现在进行（am/is/are+doing）、现在完成（have/has+done）
将来：一般将来（will+v. / be going to+v.）
A
Did you see
have seen
有
时间段
have had
be closed be here be there be over be dead wear be lost be in/be a member of be up have keep be open be away (from) be asleep be awake be (in/at) be on have a cold
发出者 承受者
be done
（四）各种时态下的主动语态和被动语态构成
v.(v.-s) am/is/are +done
am/is/are +doing am/is/are being done
have/has +done have/has been done
v-ed was/were done
was/were doing was/were being done
had +done had been done
would +v. would be done
will +v. will be done
【小试牛刀】
be seen，was built；told，broke；are，told；is，will be held；
I was given a new book by my teacher yesterday. / A new book was given to me by my teacher yesterday.
Her keys are being looked for by her at the moment.
Some girls were seen playing tennis on the playground by me when I passed.
In the old days, the employees were made to work by the employer in the factory from morning to evening.
（五）主动表被动
worth reading；sells well；needs repairing / to be repaired；have taken place
【精讲精练】
二、单项选择
1-5：ACCDB 6-10：AABDD 11-15：BCCCA
16-20：DCBCD 21-25：CBBDD 26-30：ADBCC
非谓语动词&主谓一致
【知识点睛】
一、非谓语动词
（一）含义：在句子中不作谓语的动词。
（二）分类：
（三）动名词 (v-ing)
_________(吸烟) isn’t allowed here. __________语
Eating too much is bad for your health. __________语
I like playing basketball very much. __________语
Stamps are used for sending letters. __________语
His hobby is collecting stamps. (= Collecting stamps is his hobby.) __________语
She is in the reading room. __________语
We should improve our teaching methods. __________语
初中常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语：_________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect, finish, enjoy, mind, miss, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun/trouble/difficulty/problems (in), spend (in), feel like, be used to (习惯于), consider, feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have, get, keep, help, tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage21·cn·jy·com
（四）动词不定式 (to do)
____________________(说英语) is not easy for me. __________语
My dream is to be a teacher. (= To be a teacher is my dream.) __________语
What sports does he like to play? __________语
The teacher asked us to hand in homework by Friday. __________语
My mother made me play the piano all the time. __________语
Have you got anything to say? __________语
I’m sorry to hear that. __________语
I went to the library ____________________(学英语). __________语
I couldn’t decide which bag to buy yesterday. __________语
Could you please tell me how to get to school? __________语
初中常接动词不定式作宾语的动词：___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
初中常接带to不定式作宾语补足语的动词：____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
初中常接省to不定式作宾语补足语的动词：____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
（五）分词 (现在分词：v-ing 过去分词：v-ed)
Do you know the girl standing under the tree? __________语
Do you know the boy ________________ (叫John) in your class? __________语
The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. __________语
Given another chance, I will do it better. __________语
The boy was too frightened to move. __________语
The movie was so exciting. __________语
Don’t keep us waiting for a long time. __________语
I heard him singing in the classroom. __________语
He’ll have his hair cut after school. __________语
初中常接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词：_______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
初中常接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词：_______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
（六）既可以接不定式，又可以接动名词作宾语的动词
差异比较大： stop to do stop doing
go on to do go on doing
forget to do forget doing
remember to do remember doing
try to do try doing
regret to do regret doing
mean to do mean doing
（七）动名词(v-ing)作定语 VS 现在分词(v-ing)作定语
动名词作定语表示所修饰词的用途、所属关系等。现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语为其所修饰的词。
a reading room two walking sticks
a sleeping bag a passing ball (=a ball which is passing)
a crying boy (=a boy who is crying) a sleeping boy (= ________________________ )
（八）现在分词 VS 过去分词（了解）
在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义；过去分词表示被动意义
the surprising news a surprised man
a moving film the moved people
在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作；过去分词表示已经完成的动作
the developing country the developed country
the rising sun the risen sun
二、主谓一致（详细内容请参考附录2）
三、倒装句
初中常见的倒装句型：
（一）there be句型
There is a concert tonight.
（二）there, here, now, then等副词放句首的句子
There come the rest of the party. 剩下的人都来了。
There is the bell. 铃响了。
Here comes a bus. 来了一辆公交车。
Now comes his turn. 现在轮到他了。
Then came the day of her examination. 这时她考试的日子到了。21世纪教育网版权所有
（三）由so, neither, nor引导的句子
“so/nor/neither +情/助/系+主语”意为：“某人也(不)是(如此)”
—Tom works hard.
—So does Lily. (莉莉也是。)
—Tom doesn’t work hard.
—Neither does Lily / Nor does Lily / (Lily neither). (莉莉也不。)
—I don’t know.
—Neither do I / Nor do I / (Me neither). (我也不知道。)21cnjy.com
对比：“so +主语+情/助/系”意为：“是的，的确是这样”
—Tom works hard.
—So he does. (的确如此。)
【精讲精练】
一、找出下列句子中的动词，并指出其在句子中的成分
Teaching them small acts of kindness, such as letting someone else go through a door
first as they hold it open, may seem unimportant, but it can go a long way toward helping
students realize how to be polite and thank others.21教育网
二、单项选择
Don’t throw away the waste paper. It needs ______ so that it can be reused.
A. to destroy B. destroying C. to collect D. collectingwww.21-cn-jy.com
The little boy pretended _______ when his mother came in. 21·世纪*教育网
A. sleeping B. asleep C. to asleep D. to be asleep2-1-c-n-j-y
—Which dress do you like best, Madam?
—Sorry, I can’t decide _______ now.
A. to buy which one B. buy which one
C. which one to buy D. which I should buy it
—Driving less, walking more is good for our health. 2·1·c·n·j·y
—So I’d rather _______ an hour’s walk to work than consider ______ a car.
A. take; drive B. take; to drive C. take; driving D. taking; driving
Everyone may feel time _______ very quickly when they do something interesting.
A. go by B. to go by C. went by D. goes by
—Where’s your brother now, Bob?
—I saw him ______ in the street a moment ago and I told him _______.
A. playing; don’t do so B. playing; not to do so
C. play; to do so D. play; not to do so
The boy is often heard ______ in the music room. He sings very well.
A. practice singing B. to practice singing
C. practiced singing D. to practicing singing
There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself ______.
A. heard B. hearing C. heared D. to hear
—Why don’t you go out to play, Rose?
—I’m afraid I can’t. I have much homework ______. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A. do B. does C. doing D. to do
At least 300 million people are using QQ ______ by Ma Huateng to chat online.
A. create B. creates C. creating D. created
He often drinks two cups of ______ water when he comes back.
A. boiling B. boil C. boiled D. boils
______ the house on fire, he dialed 119.
A. To see B. Seeing C. See D. Saw
—Do you climb mountains every day?
—Yes, ______ a little exercise. I’m so out of shape.21*cnjy*com
A. getting B. get C. got D. to get
Vocabulary is important to language learning. Therefore, you’d better try different ways you can think of ______ words and expressions.
A. remember B. to remember C. remembering D. to remembering
Do you want to be healthy? _______. Smiling can help you stay healthy.
A. Smile B. Smiling C. To smile D. Smiled
When the students were playing games on the playground, Jim suddenly stopped _______ and began to cry, so they stopped _______ what was wrong with him.
A. to play; seeing B. playing; to see
C. playing; seeing D. to play; to see
—How much ______ the pair of shoes?
—Twenty dollars ______ enough.
A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are
I don’t think the poor ______ poor.
A. are always B. is always C. always be D. will are
Sixty percent of the work _______ been done.
A. have B. is C. has D. are
An expert, together with some assistants, _______ to help in this work.
A. send B. were sent C. are sending D. was sent
What they need _______ more people.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
Neither the headmaster nor the teachers _______ take a vacation next week.
A. were going to B. is going to
C. was going to D. are going to
—My room gets very cold at night.
—_______.
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does
—I’m not going swimming tomorrow afternoon.
—_______. I have to clean up my bedroom.
A. So am I B. Neither am I C. Neither I am D. So I am
—You forgot your purse when you went out.
—Good heavens, _______.
A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
三、填空题
He promised ______________ (see) his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.
He lost his key. It made him ___________ (stay) in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.
She’s not strong enough _____________ (go) walking up mountains.
The result of the test was rather ________________ (disappoint).
The worker and writer ___________ (be) from Beijing.【出处：21教育名师】
【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
一、非谓语动词
（二）分类
动名词 构成：v-ing 作用：作主语、宾语、表语、定语
动词不定式 构成：(to) do 作用：作除谓语外的任何成分
分词：现在分词；过去分词
构成：v-ing；v-ed 作用：作表语、补语、定语、状语
（三）动名词 （v-ing）
Smoking；主语；主语；宾语；宾语；表语；定语；定语
初中常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语：
finish, enjoy, mind, miss, be worth, be busy, practice, spend…(in),
have fun/trouble/problems (in), feel like, be/get used to (习惯于), consider…
（四）动词不定式（to do）
To speak English；主语；表语；宾语；宾语补足语；宾语补足语；后置定语；
(原因)状语；to learn English；(目的)状语；宾语补足语；宾语补足语
初中常接动词不定式作宾语的动词：
would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect, pretend…
初中常接带to不定式作宾语补足语的动词：
(help), tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage, invite, wish, expect…
初中常接省to不定式作宾语补足语的动词：
(help), let, make, have, feel, hear, listen to, observe, see, watch, notice, look at…www-2-1-cnjy-com
（五）分词（现在分词：v-ing 过去分词：v-ed）
后置定语；called/named John；后置定语；状语；状语；表语；表语；宾语补足语；
宾语补足语；宾语补足语
初中常接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词：
keep, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, feel, find, observe, prevent…
初中常接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词：
get, have, make, keep, leave, want, need, see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think…【版权所有：21教育】
（七）动名词(v-ing)作定语VS现在分词(v-ing)作定语
a boy who is sleeping
二、主谓一致（详细内容请参考附录2）
语法一致；意义一致；就近原则
【精讲精练】
一、本句是一个并列句
前面句子：主语：Teaching them small acts of kindness
谓语：seem
（such as引导同位语，同位语中含有as引导的时间状语从句。）
后面句子：主语：it
谓语：go
（toward和后面一起作的是定语。）
二、1—5：DDCCA 6—10：BBADD 11—15：CBDBA
16—20：BAACD 21—25：ADCBB
三、26. to see 27. stay 28. to go 29. disappointing 30. is
名词、冠词、代词
【知识点睛】
一、名词
难点1：某国人变复数
国家
人(单数)
人(复数)
China
Japan
England
France
Germany
India
America
Australia
Italy
Arab
Canada
Europe
难点2：双重所有格VS of所有格
a picture of my teacher’s
a picture of my teacher
我老师的一张照片
（强调我老师的众多照片中的一张，不一定是我老师本人）
我老师本人的一张照片
（强调我老师本人）
难点3：名词作定语
运动会：a _________ meeting two _________ meetings
服装店：a _________ store two _________ stores
男教师：a _________ teacher two _________ teachers21·世纪*教育网
女医生：a _________ doctor five _________ doctors
★★除这个别名词外，其余名词作定语要用_________，如“许多苹果树many _________ trees”。
二、冠词
（一）冠词分类 __________、__________、__________
（二）不定冠词的用法
用于单数可数名词前，泛指“某一、任一”
用于序数词(除first外)前，表示“再一、又一”
用于固定搭配中：
a few/little/bit; have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest; (感冒)______________; (玩得高兴)_______________; in a hurry; for a while; keep a diary; (帮助某人) ____________21世纪教育网版权所有
（三）定冠词的用法
the表示特指
__________________：Kim has a cat. The cat is black. 21*cnjy*com
_____________________：Let’s go to the supermarket! 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
____________________：I know the girl in red.
the表示“独一无二”
the + 序数词，eg: on _____ second floor
the + 形容词原级，表示“一类人”，eg: 老人：__________
the + 形容词比较级，______ ______ (tall) of the two boys
the + 形容词最高级，eg: ______ most beautiful city
the + 年份的复数，表示某年代，in the 1990s
用在姓氏的复数前，指代一家人或夫妻，eg: 格林一家_______
西洋乐器的名词前加 play ______ piano
由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the，eg: the Great Wall
用在固定短语中：
in the morning/afternoon/evening; in the daytime; in the end; (一直)____________; at the same time; by the way; in the open air; (在……岁时)____________; at the beginning of; on the other side of; in the middle of; at the moment
（四）零冠词的用法
不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时前面用零冠词。
Man can’t live without water.
Horses are domestic animals.
某些专有名词，如人名、地名、国名、物质名词、抽象名词表示泛指时前面用零冠词。
China is a great country.
Mary lives in New York.
名词前已有名词所有格，物主代词或this, that, every修饰时，用零冠词。
Every student likes English in our ______ class.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
在节日、日期、星期、月份、季节等前面用零冠词，但若特指某年的某月或某年的某季节时，要在月份、季节前加the。 21*cnjy*com
June 1st is Children’s Day.
Spring comes after winter.
He was born in _______ autumn of 1990.
表示称呼或表示头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补语时用零冠词。
This is Professor Li.
三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前用零冠词。
have _______ breakfast play ______ football Do you like ______ English?
“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的名词前用零冠词。
Huanghe Road
by + 交通工具，交通工具名词前使用零冠词。
by _______ bus on _______ bus
在公共假日、节日名词前用零冠词。
New Year’s Day, Women’s Day
在某些固定短语中：
day and night; face to face; side by side; step by step; at school / work / home; (在危险中)___________; in bed; in time; at noon/night/dawn; (值日)__________
难点1：用a还是an ?
a用在以___________开头的单词或字母前
an用在以___________开头的单词或字母前
在26个字母中，单个字母前用不定冠词an的有____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____【出处：21教育名师】
以字母U开头的常见单词
____ university ____ useful book ____ ugly man ____ umbrella
____ unhappy man ____ unusual story ____ used car
难点2：名词被such, half, what, many, so, how, too, quite, rather, very等修饰时，不定冠词的位置问题
例如：___ such ___ honest ___ boy
half hour what nice day very interesting story many man
so nice girl how nice film quite good book rather useful tool
三、代词
（一）人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单
复
单
复
单
复
人称代词（主格）
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
人称代词（宾格）
形物代
名物代
反身代词
难点1：代词的用法
This morning ______(她) invited _______(我) to _______(她的) birthday party. The party is _______(她的), not _______(我的).21教育网
难点2：反身代词的常用短语
自学___________________ 自学___________________
苏醒___________________ 独自___________________
随便吃___________________ 玩得愉快___________________
伤着某人自己___________________
难点3：人称代词主格作主语的语序
单数形式(二、三、一) _______, _______ and _______ (I, he/she, you)www.21-cn-jy.com
复数形式(一、二、三) _______, _______ and _______(we, they, you)【版权所有：21教育】
承认错误时(第一人称放前) _______ and _______ (I, John)
难点4：人称代词it用法小结
指代前面提到过的事物。
Do you use your dictionary now? Can I borrow _______?
Mom, my friend has a beautiful skirt. I want _______, too.
用来代替指示代词this或that。
—What’s this?
—_______ a pen.
指不明性别的婴儿或不明身份的人。
Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who _______ is.
指时间或季节。—What’s the time now? —It’s ten o’clock.
表天气。—What’s the weather like? —It’s sunny.
表距离。How far is it from home to school?
用作___________。
It is adj. (for / of sb.) + to do sth.
It’s one’s turn / duty to do sth.
It’s adj. that…
用作形式宾语 Do you think/find _______ + adj. to do sth.?21教育名师原创作品
（二）疑问代词
Who wants to go with me? who作_______、_______
Who are you talking about? To whom are you talking?
宾从：Can you tell me ___________________________________?
Whose book is this? whose作_______
—What’s your father? —He is a worker. what询问_______2·1·c·n·j·y
—Who is that girl? —She is my sister. who询问_______
—What would you like? —I’d like a cup of juice. what没有_______
Which do you like, spring or summer? which有_______
(which指一定范围内，特指的人或物)
（三）不定代词：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。
some (something，somebody，someone)
any (anything，anybody，anyone)
no (nothing，nobody，no one)
every (everything，everybody，everyone)
all，each，both，much，many，(a) little，(a) few，other(s)，another，none，one，either， neither等　
一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。
??复合不定代词/副词
some一些
any任何；一些
no 无
every每个
somebody
anybody
nobody
everybody
someone
anyone
no one
everyone
something
anything
nothing
everything
somewhere
anywhere
nowhere
everywhere
复合不定代词作主语时，都作______看待，其谓语动词用______________ 形式。
复合不定代词/副词若有定语修饰，该定语要放在复合不定代词/副词________。
For lunch, we had something very special—Malaysian yellow noodles.
Do you have anything to say?
Can you find ________ (else, anyone)?
Did you go ________ (interesting, somewhere)?
?两者三者
其一
都
都不
两者
三者及以上
either / neither of + 名词/代词复数 + 谓语动词_____数
either…or…或neither…nor…连接两个名词作主语，需要遵循________原则
?肯定否定
肯定
否定
修饰可数名词复数
修饰不可数名词
?other一族：
泛指（≥3者/部之一）
特指（两者/部之一）
单数
another /another one
the other /the other one
复数
others/other ones
the others/the other ones
We have two cats. ______ is black and ______ is white. 21·cn·jy·com
A. One; one B. One; the other
C. One; other D. One; another
?其他
each & every 每一个
There are trees on ______ side of the road.
______ student passed the exam.
______ of us wears a yellow T-shirt.
each强调_______，作主语时，谓语动词用_________形式。另外，其可以用来指______或______以上的人或物。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
every强调_______，修饰名词时谓语动词要用________ 形式。只可以用来指______或______以上的人或物。2-1-c-n-j-y
each可以用作_______，而every不可以。（each of）
如：Each of the boys has got a pencil and some paper.
【精讲精练】
一、单项选择
Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many ______ in it.
A. flowers B. grass C. villages D. water
—What’s in the cupboard?
—A few ______, but little ______.
A. apples; coffee B. coffee; apples
C. apple; coffees D. coffee; apples
He gave us ______ on how to protect eyes.
A. some advices B. some advice
C. an advice D. a advice
The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many ______ there.
A. bird B. duck C. sheep D. rabbit
A group of ______ are talking with two ______ over there.
A. Frenchmen; Germans B. Frenchmen; Germen
C. German; Frenchmen D. Germans; Frenchmans
There are ______ and ______ on the table.
A. two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges
B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange
C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange
D. two boxs of cakes; four bottles of orange
______ mothers are ______ teachers.
A. Lucy’s and Mary; woman B. Lucy and Mary; woman
C. Lucy’s and Mary’s; women D. Lucy and Mary’s; women
—With whom did you watch 2014 World Cup Opening Ceremony?
—______.
A. A friend of mine B. A friend of me
C. A friend of my sister D. A friend of you
—How far is it from your home to school?
—It’s about twenty ______ walk.
A. minute’s B. minutes’ C. minutes D. minute
There is no ______ that phones play an important part in modern life.
A. question B. problem C. answer D. doubt
He was born in Italy, but he had made China his ______.
A. family B. address C. house D. home
The customers are pleased with the ______ of the restaurant.
A. balance B. experience C. surface D. service
—Why didn’t Sally play the violin at the concert last night?
—She said that her hand hurt, but that was only a (n) ______. I saw her play tennis just now.
A. matter B. excuse C. result D. expression
________ it is today!
A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather
C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather
This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them.
A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. studying
—How many ______can you see in the picture?
—Only one.
A. dog B. sheep C. child D. cat
—Well, you look so happy!
—Because I got a good ____.
A. work B. news C. job D. advice
A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______ second.
A. / B. the C. a D. an
The operation is _____ success and the patient is now out of _____ danger.
A. a, the B. a, 不填 C. 不填, the D. 不填, 不填
As _____ writer, he was _____ complete failure.
A. a, a B. a, the C. 不填, 不填 D. a, 不填
How strange! These years my birthday always falls _____.www-2-1-cnjy-com
A. on the Sunday B. on a Sunday
C. on Sunday D. at a Sunday
As is known to us all, _____ tiger is in _____ danger of becoming extinct.
A. the, a B. the, 不填 C. a, 不填 D. 不填, the
As we know, England is ______ European country and Singapore is ______ Asian country.
A. an; an B. an; a C. a; a D. a; an
There is ______ “o” and ______ “x” in “box”.
A. a; an B. an; a C. a; a D. an; an
______ Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day.
A. / B. A C. An D. The
The education of ______ young is always ______ hot and serious topic.
A. /; / B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /
Every year ______ Mother’s Day is on ______ second Sunday in May.
A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /
—What do you usually have for ______ breakfast, Peter?
—A fried egg, three pieces of bread and a glass of milk.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
—Sonia, is this your dictionary?
—Oh, no, it’s not ______. Ask Li Lei. He is looking for ______.
A. me; hers B. mine; him C. my; her D. mine; his
—Come in please, kids. Make ______ at home.
—Thank you, Mrs. White.
A. yourselves B. yourself C. yours D. you
We all got wet in the rain because ______ of us had an umbrella.
A. both B. none C. no one D. neither
—I haven’t got a digital camera.
—I think you should buy ______. It’s useful for you. 21cnjy.com
A. this B. one C. that D. it
—What a cold day! Stella, what would you like, hot coffee or juice?
—______ is OK. I really don’t mind.
A. Any B. Neither C. Both D. Either
—What did you buy in the shop the day before yesterday?
—______. Because ______ there isn’t good enough.
A. Something; nothing B. Anything; something
C. Nothing; everything D. Anything; everything
There is ______ with the washing machine. It doesn’t work.
A. wrong seriously nothing B. seriously wrong something
C. something seriously wrong D. anything seriously wrong
—Could we see each other at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning?
—Sorry, let’s make it ______ time.
A. other’s B. the other C. another D. other
Lucy and I are classmates. We _______ in Class One.
A. all are B. are all C. both are D. are both
—How many students are there in the classroom?
—__________. They are all in the lab.
A. Some B. None C. All D. Neither
—Would you like to have _______ cake?
—No, thanks. I’ve had two. That’s enough.
A. other B. others C. another D. the other
二、填空题
The young man found it difficult to have dinner because some of his __________ (牙齿) had been pulled out.
It is 100 meters’ race. = It is a _____________ race.
There is ______ woman over there. ______ woman is Meimei’s mother.
He often goes to ______ school by ______ bike.
What _______ important news!
_______ am a monkey. Do you like ______? ______ name is Gugu. This house is ______. (I)
________ (we) are in Class One. ________ (they) are in Class Two. ________ (we) classroom is bigger than ________ (they). ________ (we) often play basketball with ________ (they).
【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
名词分类：专有名词
普通名词：可数名词（个体名词、集体名词）
不可数名词（物质名词、抽象名词）
名词的数：可数名词（单数、复数—规则变化、不规则变化）
不可数名词—借助计量单位词表示量
名词所有格：’s（各有各’s，共有共’s）
of
双重所有格：n. + of + n’s n. + of + 名物代
句法功能：作主语、宾语、表语
a Chinese Chinese
a Japanese Japanese
an Englishman Englishmen
a Frenchman Frenchmen
a German Germans
an Indian Indians
an American Americans
an Australian Australians
an Italian Italians
an Arab Arabs
a Canadian Canadians
a European Europeans
sports sports clothes clothes man men woman women
单数 apple
不定冠词 定冠词 零冠词
have a cold have a good time do sb. a favor
（三）定冠词的用法
前文已经提到过
说话双方都知道的事物
有定语修饰的
the the old the taller the the Greens the all the time at the age of
（四）零冠词的用法
D the / / / / the/a in danger on duty/watch
辅音音素 元音音素 A E F H I L M N O R S X
a a an an an an a
/ an / half an hour what a nice day a very interesting story many a man
so nice a girl how nice a film quite a good book rather a useful tool
三、代词
me my mine myself us our ours ourselves you your yours yourself you your yours yourselves him his his himself her her hers herself it its its itself them their theirs themselves
she me her hers mine
teach oneself learn by oneself come to oneself by oneself help oneself to sth. enjoy oneself hurt oneself
you he/she I we you they I John
it it It’s it 形式主语 it
（二）疑问代词
主语 宾语
who/whom you are talking to
定语 工作/职业 身份 范围 范围
单数 单数第三人称 后面 anyone else somewhere interesting
either both neither
any all none
单 就近
a few few
a little little
B
each Every/Each Each 个体 单数 两者 两者 整体 单数 三者 三者 代词
【精讲精练】
1-5：AABCA 6-10：CCABD 11-15：DDBAA
16-20：BCCBA 21-25：BBDDD 26-30：BBDDA 31-35：BBDCC
36-39：CDBC
40. teeth 41. 100-meter 42. a; The
43. /; / 44. / 45. I; me; My; mine
46. We; They; Our; theirs; We; them
形容词、副词、介词
【知识点睛】
一、形容词
重点1：形容词比较等级
比较
对象
形容词
形式
常见句型
原级
两者
原形
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
比较级
两者
形容词er
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
修饰语：_________________________________
_________________________________________
最高级
三者
及以上
形容词est
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
修饰语：_________________________________
_________________________________________
重点2：ing形容词和ed形容词
surprising interesting exciting pleasing frightening
surprised interested excited pleased frightened
令人感动的：______________________
(令人)疲倦的：_________________________
有极大吸引力的；迷人的：________________________
ing形容词：
表主动意义，多指事物(人)对人的影响，一般修饰物
ed形容词：
表被动意义，多为人的感受，一般修饰人
难点1：形容词比较级别的转换 (句子转换)
Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.
______________________ in his class.
______________________ in his class.
= Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.21·cn·jy·com
any of the other students in his class.
the rest of the students in his class.
= No one is as tall as Li Lei in his class.
= No one is taller than Li Lei in his class.
难点2：多个形容词的排序问题(了解)
口诀：限观形龄颜国材（县官行令宴国才）
规则：
限定词，包括冠词、指示代词、形物代、名词所有格、数词
(观点)描绘性形容词，如beautiful，fine，interesting等
表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词，如tall, high, small, little, round等
表示年龄、新旧的形容词，如young, old, new等
表示颜色的形容词，如black, white, blue等
表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词
表示构成材料的形容词
e.g. 两个圆形蓝色塑料盘：_______________________________
两张新的中国式木制大圆桌：_____________________________
二、副词
难点1：兼有两种形式的副词
close ___________ He is sitting close to me.
closely ___________ Watch him closely.
late ___________ You have come too late.
lately ___________ What have you been doing lately?【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
deep ___________ He pushed the stick deep into the mud.21*cnjy*com
deeply ___________ I was deeply moved by the moving film.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
high ___________ The plane was flying high.
highly ___________ I think highly of your opinion.【版权所有：21教育】
wide ___________ He opened the door wide.
widely ___________ English is widely used in the world.
free ___________ You can eat free in my restaurant.
freely ___________ You may speak freely; say what you like.
三、介词及介词短语
（一）重点介词辨析
时间介词in, on, at
一般
特殊
at
+ 时间点
at noon/night/dawn
on
+ 日期/星期
具体的某天早上中午晚上
in
+ 世纪，年代，年，季节，月
in the morning/evening/afternoon
方位介词in, on, to
________ ________ ________
地点介词in___________, at__________, on____________
方位介词两“中间”
among between
方位介词两前两后
方位介词两“通过”
across through
方位介词三上三下
方式介词：with, without, by, but, except, besides, except for等21·世纪*教育网
（二）to作为介词时的常考短语
look forward to ________ (do) sth.
pay attention to ________ (do) sth.
devote oneself to ________ (do) sth.
be/become/get used to ________ (do) sth.
make a contribution to ________ (do) sth.
prefer doing to ________ (do) sth.
（三）动介短语 VS 动副短语
动副短语中代词作宾语时必须放在动词后副词前，当宾语是名词时，放在副词的前后均可。
初中常考动（副）介短语
到达：arrive _______ 闯入：break ________ 担心：worry ________
请求；要求：ask ________ 和……意见一致：agree ______
拜访；访问：call _______ 担心；关心：care _______
顺便来访：come _______ 赶上；追上：catch ___________

look at point at laugh at knock at/on
depend on insist on get on/off fall off
come up with deal with talk with/to
point to speak to get to happen to listen to reply to【出处：21教育名师】
learn about talk about think about know about dream about/of think of
knock into fall into get in drop in/by go by
pay for look for wait for
look after go through learn from look like
初中常考动副短语
使高兴：cheer _______ 分发：give _______ 出故障：break _______
浏览：look ________ 脱下：take _______ 爆发：break ________
快点：come ________ 回来：come ________ 出版：come ________
叫醒某人：wake ________ 用光：use ________
bring out clean out pick out hand out put out send out take out 21教育网
find out hang out point out sell out
send up hang up make up show up stand up stay up wake up
clean up pick up give up put up set up turn up dress up
get up go up grow up
cut down put down take down go down fall down lie down
put on try on feed on go on hand on hold on keep on
put off turn off go off show off set off run off
put away send away take away go away
give back get back put back go back pay back
think over get over go over look over
hand in give in

【精讲精练】
一、单选
My family and I had a(n) ______ trip in Taiwan because of the typhoon and rainstorm.
A. suitable B. impatient C. unpleasant D. comfortable
It was such an ______ joke that everyone felt ______. 21世纪教育网版权所有
A. embarrassed; embarrassing B. embarrassed; embarrassed
C. embarrassing; embarrassing D. embarrassing; embarrassed
Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks ______ in the pink dress!
A. lovely B. quietly C. politely D. happily
—George, how can you prove the earth is round?
—I can’t, sir. _______, I never said it was.
A. Then B. However C. Besides D. Instead
—Do you like the western food, Li Hua?
—No, I think the food of our country is ______ that of western countries.
A. as delicious as B. less delicious than
C. not as delicious as D. much more delicious than
—The stuntman is planning to walk on the wings of a flying plane.
—What?! I’ve never heard of ______ idea before.
A. a crazier B. the crazier C. a craziest D. the craziest
I know you are shorter than your brothers, but you run ______. 21cnjy.com
A. more faster B. fastest C. more fast D. fast
We will never forget what happened ______ the afternoon of May 12, 2008.
A. in B. by C. at D. on
The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money _____ me.
A. by B. for C. in D. with
Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ______ a big tree.2·1·c·n·j·y
A. in B. below C. beside D. against
—When did you last hear ______ Jay?
—He phoned me this morning, and we agreed _______ a time and place to meet.
A. of; to B. about; with C. from; with D. from; on
At times an ad can lead you to buy something you don’t need at all. So you have to be careful. 请选出与划线部分同义的选项。www-2-1-cnjy-com
A. Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Some times
At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _______.
A. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place
Why are you so anxious? It isn’t your problem _______.21教育名师原创作品
A. on purpose B. in all C. on time D. after all
That woman will quarrel ______ everybody ______ anything.21*cnjy*com
A. about; about B. about; with C. with; about D. with; with
二、根据句意，用适当的介词填空
Here are some flowers _______ you _______ our best wishes.www.21-cn-jy.com
We can’t live _______ water or air.
Japan is ______ the east of China.
三、根据提示填空
I think this problem is much _____________ (easy) than that one.
He is a(an) _____________ (honest) boy so we seldom believe what he says.
What should we do to help the _____________ (home) people after the earthquake?
Daniel did the exercises too _____________ (粗心), and it made his teacher very angry.
Finally we _______________________ (想出) an idea.
___________________ (越忙) he is, ___________________ (越高兴) he feels.
Shanghai is __________________________________ (最现代的城市之一) in China.
【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
一、形容词
排序：限观形龄颜国材
好美小高状其新，颜色国料用途亲
美小圆旧黄，法国木书房
功能：作表语、作定语、作宾语补足语
重点1：形容词比较等级
原级常见句型：
as+adj./adv.(原级)+as
not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as
比较级常见句型：
比较级+than
Which/Who is+形容词(比较级)，A+or+B？
比and比
the比，the比
修饰语：any/no/much/many/very/a lot/lots/a great deal/rather/times/far/a little/a bit/ even/still等 2-1-c-n-j-y
最高级常见句型：
最高级 + of/in + 范围
one of + 最高级 + 名词
the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词
最高级 + 定语从句
修饰语：(by) far/much/nearly/almost/not quite/by no means/very/second/next等
重点2：ing形容词和ed形容词
令人感动的：moving 疲倦的：tired 有极大吸引力的；迷人的：fascinating
难点1：形容词比较级别的转换（句子转换）
any other student the other students
难点2：多个形容词的排序问题（了解）
两个圆形蓝色塑料盘：two round blue plastic plates
两张新的中国式木制大圆桌：two big round new Chinese wooden tables
二、副词
动词；形容词；状语
难点1：兼有两种形式的副词
近；仔细地 晚；最近 深(具体)；深深地(抽象)
高(具体)；高度(抽象) 宽(具体)；广泛地(抽象) 免费；无限制地
三、介词及介词短语
表语；定语；状语；宾语补足语
（一）重点介词辨析
2. in；on；to
3. in“在……里”，表示一个范围(或大地方)
at“在……”，表示一个点(或小地方)
on“在……上”，表示…的表面上
（二）to作为介词时的常考短语
doing；doing；doing；doing；doing；doing
（三）动介短语VS动副短语
初中常考动(副)介短语
到达：arrive in/at 闯入：break into 担心：worry about
请求；要求：ask for 和……意见一致：agree with
拜访；访问：call on (sb.)/at (sth.) 担心；关心：care about
顺便来访：come over 赶上；追上：catch up with
初中常考动副短语
使高兴：cheer up 分发：give out 出故障：break down
浏览：look through/over 脱下：take off 爆发：break out
快点：come on 回来：come back 出版：come out
叫醒某人：wake up 用光：use up
【精讲精练】
一、1—5：CDACD 6—10：ABDDD 11—15：DBADC
二、16. for; with 17. without 18. to
三、19. easier 20. dishonest 21. homeless
22. carelessly 23. came/come up with 24. The busier; the happier
25. one of the most modern cities
数词&综合练习
【知识点睛】
一、数词
（一）数词类别
基数词：表示___________________
计数单位：__________ __________ __________ __________
读法：__________
确数与概数：_______________ ______________
序数词：表示___________________
序数词前必须加 __________ 或 __________ 或 __________
真分数：_______________；_________________________
_________ __________
假/带分数：构成___________________
____________
读法：
（整数）______________（整数和分数之间）__________（分数）______________
“分数词+of+名词”作主语时，其后动词形式根据________________来定。
百分数：__________%；其中“%”读作____________
“百分数+of+名词”作主语时，其后动词形式根据________________来定。
30 percent of the students _______ girls.
小数：构成_______________________
1.32 ______________________
读法：（整数）______________（小数点）______________（小数）_______________
（二）运用
表示世纪
在21世纪：in the _____________ century
表示年代
______________________________
in the thirties of the twenty-first century
in the 2030s
in the twenty thirties
表示模糊年龄：在他五十多岁的时候 _________________
表示年份
2009
twenty o nine； twenty hundred and nine； two thousand and nine 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
2018
_____________ __________________ __________________ www-2-1-cnjy-com
表示日期①
12月22日 _____________________；____________________ 【版权所有：21教育】
2019年1月1日_____________________________________
表示时刻：__________ : __________
两部分都按_________来读；两种读法_________ _________
19:37____________________ ____________________
22:02____________________ ____________________
表示编号：
基数词：如Room 201，No. 23，Page 36，第十行：______10
序数词：第十行 ________ line
表示“长、宽、高、面积”等
基数词+单位词(meter, foot, inch, kilogram)+形容词(long, wide,
high) = 基数词+单位词+in+名词(length, width, height, weight) 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
two meters long = _____________________
three feet high = _____________________
表示时间、距离时，可使用含数词的名词所有格作定语
an hour’s ride
五分钟的步行：____________________
复合形容词
a 5-year-old boy __________-__________-__________ 2-1-c-n-j-y
a 15-minute break __________-__________
another, more
—How soon will you finish your work?
—In __________________ minutes. (再要十分钟)
【精讲精练】
—We’ll be back for our school’s ______ anniversary (周年) ceremony.
—I see. That means you’ll have a get-together with your classmates in ______ years.
A. twelve; seven B. twelfth; seven C. twelve; seventh D. twelfth; seventh
It is said that ______ young people may lose their abilities to hear after five years if they listen to MP4 players which are too loud for more than five hours a week.
A. thousand of B. six thousands C. thousands of D. six thousand of
Now let’s have ______. Don’t give up.
A. the second try B. a second try C. second try D. this second try 21教育网
I think ______ of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam _______ easy.
A. three fourths; is B. third four; are C. three fourths; are D. three fourth; are
A train will stay at a station from two to two to two two. The train will stay there for ______ minutes.
A. 120 B. 8 C. 60 D. 4
Linda’s mother looks young, but actually she is in her _______.
A. sixties B. sixtieth C. sixty D. sixty years old
Kate is ________ girl. She’s very happy at school.
A. a eighteen-year-old B. an eighteen-year-old
C. an eighteen-years-old D. a eighteen-years-old
—Have you finished your today’s work?
—No, I need _______.
A .two another hours B. another two hours
C. more two hours D. two other hours
—Which room do they live in?
—They live in _______.
A. 406 Room B. The Room 406 C. Room 406 D. the 406 Room
In _______ Max began to learn Russian.
A. a 1870 B. 1870s C. the years of 1870 D. the 1870’s
—How deep is the well?
—It’s ________.
A. four meter deep B. ten meters deep C. ten-meter deep D. ten-meters-deep
Even a child knows September is the _______ (9) month of a year.
I’ve bought a present for my father’s ________ (40) birthday.
二、综合练习
单项选择
My parents didn’t allow me _____ to the party.
A. go B. to go C. goes D. went
Why not _____ your friends for help when you are in trouble.
A. ask B.to ask C. asks D. asking
When you leave, please turn off the lights _____ energy. 21cnjy.com
A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved
—Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child?
—Yes. But now I realize I was wrong. I really regret _____ that silly thing to my mum.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. did
Neither the headmaster nor the teachers _____ take a vacation next week.
A. were going to B. is going to C. was going to D. are going to
—Why did the car hit the boy?
—Because the driver _____ on the phone at that time. 2·1·c·n·j·y
A. talk B. is talking C. was talking D. have talked
—Do you have any plans for tonight?
—Yes, I _____ at the new Italian restaurant in town.
A. eat B. have eaten C. ate D. am going to eat
－Why didn’t you buy any bread?
－Sorry, I _____.
A. forget B. forgot C. remember D. remembered
—You look sad. What has happened?
—Everyone ______ us to win the match, but we lost.
A. expects B. expected C. hopes D. hoped
—How much is the ticket to Central Park?
—A one-way ticket ______ $40, and you can ______ another $20 for a round-trip.
A. costs; pay B. cost; spend
C. pay; spend D. spends; pay
It ______ me about 10 days ______ painting the walls.
A. took; to finish B. cost; finishing
C. took; finishing D. spent; to finish
—When will the plane ______ Shanghai?
—Sorry, I don’t know.
A. get B. arrive at C. reach D. get in
It’s getting dark. Please ______ the light.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down D. turn around
______ your sunglasses, Sally. The sun is so bright.
A. Put down B. Put up C. Put away D. Put on
—Did you hear a terrible fire happened in the hotel near our school last night?
—Yes, it took the firemen an hour to ______ the fire.
A. put out B. put on C. put down D. put off
His leg is seriously injured in the accident. ______ a doctor at once.
A. Ask for B. Send for C. Wait for D. Look for
—Which hobby do you think______ the least time?
—Collecting stamps.
A. takes up B. puts up C. gives up D. makes up
—What’s wrong with you, Eric? You look tired.
—I ______ to prepare for the final exam last night.
A. picked up B. woke up C. stayed up D. put up
—Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow?
—Well, it all ______ the weather.
A. belongs to B. happens to C. depends on D. concentrates on
When you visit a museum you should ______ the instructions and don’t be against them.
A. compare with B. look forward to C. pay attention to D. try out
—It is too noisy here. I can’t stand it.
—Me, too. We have to ______ new ways to solve the problem.
A. catch up with B. keep up with C. come up with D. put up with
The Olympic Games of 2020 will ______ in Tokyo.
A. take after B. take off C. take place D. take away
Henry will give us a report as soon as he ______. www.21-cn-jy.com
A. arrives B. arrived C. is arriving D. will arrive
When you ______ at a restaurant, please order just enough food.
A. ate B. will eat C. eat D. have eaten
—Do you know if he ______ to play football with us?
—I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow.
A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be 21*cnjy*com
—Would you like to go to the amusement park?
—If Jack does, ______.
A. I go, too B. so will I C. neither will I D. so do I
—Have you finished your project?
—Not yet. I’ll finish it if I ______ ten more minutes.
A. give B. am given C. will give D. will be given
If you see the cartoon film, you will ______ laugh.
A. be made B. make to C. be made to D. make
—When should I hand in my paper?
—Your paper must ______ as soon as the bell ______.
A. hand in; rings B. hand in; will ring
C. be handed in; will ring D. be handed in; rings
—I’ll go to a small mountain village to work as a volunteer teacher next month.
—Oh, working in a poor area is a different ________. Value it, young man!
A. event B. exercise C. experience D. show
—What do you usually have for _______ breakfast?
—A piece of bread and _______ egg.
A. a; an B. /; the C. a; the D. /; an
—My mother doesn’t like going shopping in Hong Kong at all.
—Well, shopping there isn’t liked by _______.
A. anybody B. nobody C. everybody D. somebody
The book is ________. I wrote _______ name on its cover. 21世纪教育网版权所有
A. my; my B. mine; my C. mine; myself D. myself; mine
Stop smoking, Joe! You _____ yourself if you keep on doing it like that!
A. will kill B. have killed C. kill D. killed
Everyone ______ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.
A. why B. whose C. who D. which
填空（用适当的关系或连词或冠词或所给词的适当形式）
I haven’t heard from him __________ he left home. 21·世纪*教育网
I was cooking __________ she knocked at the door.
He didn’t go to bed __________ he finished his homework.
The soldiers set off to the front (前线) immediately __________ they received the officer’s order.
She went to bed __________ the TV play was over.
I won’t believe it __________ I hear with my own ears.
We should strike __________ the iron is hot.
Take the medicine __________ you go to bed.
They couldn’t send their children to school __________ life was very hard in those days.
__________ this method doesn’t work, let’s try another.
The singer was __________ pleased __________ he couldn’t say a word.
Please work harder _________ all of you can pass the final exam.
Army and people are as inseparable (不可分的) __________ fish and water.
The harvest of this year is much better __________ that of last year.
__________ the story is short and there are no new words in it, it is difficult to understand. 21·cn·jy·com
I will never forget the day __________ we met each other last week.
I will never forget the days __________ I spent with your family.
Do you still remember the place __________ we visited last week?
Do you still remember the place __________ we visited the painting exhibition?
This is the very novel __________ we’ve talked about so much. 21*cnjy*com
Who is the student __________ was late for school today?
He lives in the room __________ window faces to the south.
This is _______ useful book. I’ve read it for ________ hour.
Daming’s bag is blue. This yellow one isn’t _______ (he).
With their _______ (father) help, Michael and “The Jackson 5” started collecting trophies (奖杯) at talent shows.
【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
数目
hundred thousand million billion trillion
三位分读法
three thousand thousands of
顺序
定冠词the 形物代 所有格
子基母序 分子大于一，分母加-s
one third two thirds
整数部分+真分数
three and one fourth
按基数词读 加and 按真分数来读 名词单复
基数词 percent 名词单复 are
整数部分 . 小数部分 one point three two 按基数词读 读作point 【出处：21教育名师】
一位一读（基数词）
21st/twenty-first
in the 2030’s （在21世纪30年代）
in his fifties
twenty eighteen twenty hundred and eighteen two thousand and eighteen
on December (the) twenty-second on the twenty-second of December
on January (the) first twenty nineteen
小时：分钟
基数词 顺读法 逆读法
nineteen thirty-seven twenty-three to twenty
twenty-two (o) two two past twenty-two
Line the tenth
two meters in length
three feet in height
five minutes’ walk
基数词 - 计量单位词（单）- adj.
基数词 - 计量单位词（单）
another 10 / 10 more
【精讲精练】
1-5：BCBCD 6-10：ABBCD 11：B
12. ninth 13. fortieth/40th
综合练习：
1-5：BABCD 6-10：CDBBA 11-15：ACADA
16-20：BACCC 21-25：CCACC 26-30：BBCDC 31-35：DCBAC21教育名师原创作品
36-40 since; when; until; as soon as; after/when
41-45 until/unless; while; before; because; Since
46-50 so, that; and; as; than; Although
51-55 when; which/that; which/that; where; that
56-60 that; whose; a, an; his; father’s
句型
【知识点睛】
复合句
并列句
简单句
简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。
五种基本句型
S+V 主语+谓语 We exercise.
S+V+O 主语+谓语+宾语 I like apples.
S+V+P 主语+系动词+表语 They are students.
S+V+O+O 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 She gave me a pen.
S+V+O+OC 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 He made the boy laugh. 【版权所有：21教育】
并列句：由并列连词(and, so, but, or等)把两个或以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子。
He did the work and he did it well.
I like music, but I don’t like this song.
复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。
宾语从句Do you know where he is?
状语从句 Lily was listening to music while Lucy was watching TV.
定语从句That is the boy I met yesterday.
一、简单句
（一）句子改错
Many people against the plan.
________________________________________________________________________
My family is planning to spend one day in the countryside.
________________________________________________________________________
Do you want to make your health?
________________________________________________________________________
In my opinion, we should to be honest to other people.
________________________________________________________________________
Share with friends helped me bring back my confidence.
________________________________________________________________________
One of your problems is worry about studies and felt tired.
________________________________________________________________________
When we are tired or nurvous, music can make us relaxed.
________________________________________________________________________
I think happy is only a feeling.
________________________________________________________________________
In zhengzhou, you shouldn’t kiss other for the first time.
________________________________________________________________________
I want to take part in the run matches because I’m good at runing.
________________________________________________________________________
（二）翻译句子
躺在床上看书对眼睛不好。
________________________________________________________________________
汤姆喜欢听音乐。
________________________________________________________________________
他尽了自己的最大可能吃了第九个苹果。（try one’s best）
________________________________________________________________________
他把这本书递给了汤姆。
________________________________________________________________________
我父母希望我成为一名老师。
________________________________________________________________________
周日晚上郑州将会有一场音乐会。
________________________________________________________________________
二、并列句/复合句
（一）用合适的连词组合成一句话
Tom didn’t visit the museum yesterday. He stayed at home. 21教育网
_______________________________________________________________________
I was very nervous in my English test. I failed.
_______________________________________________________________________
We walk together with friends. We share something interesting. We know each other better.
_______________________________________________________________________
（二）翻译句子
我们没有放弃，我们更努力的去做。
________________________________________________________________________
游泳能帮助减肥，还有益于身体健康。
_______________________________________________________________________
我们作业多，没时间锻炼。
_______________________________________________________________________
早点儿起，不然就迟到了。
_______________________________________________________________________
不但莉莉可以去北京，而且露西也可以去。
_______________________________________________________________________
三、复合句
（一）句子改错
Some people think having after-school classes is very important. But some people think is not good.2-1-c-n-j-y
_______________________________________________________________________
You may get some things are not the real things you want.21*cnjy*com
_______________________________________________________________________
Sometime, in the web site to see things and buy back is not the same.
_______________________________________________________________________
You can buy some quality good things on the internet.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
_______________________________________________________________________
Fangfang thought her English is good and she doesn’t need to study hard.
_______________________________________________________________________
Because Fangfang didn’t prepare well, and she was too nervous, so she didn’t finish the contest.
_______________________________________________________________________
（二）翻译句子
百分之五的学生不确定自己是否开心。
______________________________________________________________________
我觉得他没有说真话。
______________________________________________________________________
当你考试失利或被别人误解时，不要悲伤，要微笑。
______________________________________________________________________
一些学生不喜欢英语，因为英语中有许多单词和语法要记。
_______________________________________________________________________
他找到了四十年前他居住过的地方。
_______________________________________________________________________
【精讲精练】
一、完成句子
我们高兴的是越来越多的博物馆向公众免费开放了。
__________________________ more and more museums are open to the public for free.
请在课前把书准备好。
Please ____________________ before class.
我觉得他们不会放弃当志愿者的机会。
_____________________ they will ___________________ the chance of being volunteers.
我经常告诉父母别再为我担心，我已经长大了。
I often ________________________ because I’ve already grown up.www.21-cn-jy.com
爸爸总是忙于他的工作，但是当他有空的时候，他要么帮妈妈做家务，要么陪我一起锻炼身体。
My father __________________ his work，but when he is free，he __________________.
他年龄太小了，不能自己购物。
He is ___________________________ shopping by himself. 2·1·c·n·j·y
过去那里有一棵大树。
There _______________________________ be a big tree. 21·世纪*教育网
咱们一起去公园怎么样？
_________________________________ going to the park together?
他一到加拿大就把电话打了过来。
He called us ________________________________ Canada.
他对集邮很感兴趣，以至于为此花费了大量的时间。
He is __________________ collecting stamps ___________________ too much time on it.
为什么不和我们一起去帮助别人呢？
____________________________ join us to help others?
电梯坏了, 让我们走着上楼吧。
____________________________ the lift. Let’s walk upstairs.
提高我们的英语写作能力要花很长时间。
____________________________ our English writing skills. 【出处：21教育名师】
作为一名北京青少年，了解如何把北京精神与我们日常生活联系起来是很必要的。
As a teenager in Beijing, ____________________ connect Beijing Spirit with our daily life.
当我们与别人意见不能达成一致时，我们最好既不要与人争吵也不要放弃自己的观点。
We ________________________ our own opinions when we can’t reach an agreement.
该看脱口秀节目了。
_____________________ watch the Talk Show.
苏格兰有许多的湖泊和山脉，以美丽的乡村景色而著名。
Scotland, with its lakes and mountains, _______________________ beautiful countryside.
“一夜成名”不像我们想得那么容易。
An overnight success is _______________________ we think. 21*cnjy*com
为了提高英语水平，请多花些时间读英语故事好吗？
To improve your English, ________________________? 21教育名师原创作品
许多人被清华“励志修车哥”所感动，决定像他那样坚持梦想，并努力使之成为现实。
Many people are ____________________________ “the guy with courage” in Tsinghua ________________________ like him.
电影院很近，我们步行去吧。
The cinema is very near. ________________________ there on foot.
妈妈很喜欢看电视上的人与自然节目。
Mom__________________________ Man and Nature on TV.
快毕业了，你最好别浪费时间。
We’ll graduate from middle school. _________________________ waste your time.
不要怕犯错误，因为那很正常。
Don’t ________________________ because it’s very common.
学生们抱怨作业多，睡眠不足。
The students complain that they have _________________________________.
你看上去很疲惫，为什么不好好休息呢？
You look so tired. ____________________________ have a good rest?
快点儿，该跑步了。
Hurry up, please. ____________________________ run. 21·cn·jy·com
北京的春天与夏天一样美丽。
Spring is _____________________________ summer in Beijing.
为了节能我们应该人走灯灭。
In order to save energy, we should____________________________________.
青少年在成长过程中，既要学会面对各种问题，还要竭尽全力解决他们。
Teenagers need to _____________________________________ when they grow up.
二、段落改错
I want have a paintbrush with magic power. It can make whatever I draw to become a reality.
With the paintbrush, I can drew a new earth. There will have no pollution on it. The rivers will clean and the sky will blue. With the paintbrush, I also want to draw a nice home which people can live happy together like a big family.
I want to have the magic paintbrush to draw a beautifully new world.
三、书面表达
英语老师要组织一个经验交流会，他要求每位同学写一篇发言稿。内容包括：谈谈你对英语学习的认识，介绍你是怎样学习英语的，你希望英语老师在课外活动方面开展哪些活动。
提示词语：important, useful, read, listen, speak, English film…
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
一、简单句
1. against前加are 2. is改为are 3. your health改为you healthy
4. 去掉第一个to 5. Share改为Sharing 6. worry改为worrying，felt改为feeling
7. tried改为tired; nurvous改为nervous 8. happiness
9. zhengzhou改为Zhengzhou，other改为others
10. run改为running，runing改为running
11. Reading in bed is bad for our eyes.
12. Tom likes listening to music.
13. He tried his best to eat the ninth apple.
14. He passed the book to Tom./He passed Tom the book. 21世纪教育网版权所有
15. My parents expect/wish me to be/become a teacher.
16. There will/is going to be a concert in Zhengzhou on Sunday night.
二、并列句
17. Tom didn’t visit the museum yesterday and he stayed at home. / Tom stayed at home so he didn’t visit the museum yesterday.
18. I was so nervous in my English test that I failed. / I was very nervous in my English test, so I failed.
19. When we walk together with friends, we share something interesting so that we know each other better. / We walk together with friends and we share something interesting, so we know each other better.
20. We didn’t give up, and we worked harder. / Instead of giving up, we worked harder.
21. Swimming can help lose weight, and is good for health. / Swimming can not only help lose weight, but also benefit our health.
22. We have much homework, so we have no time to exercise. / We have so much homework to do that we have no time to exercise.
23. Get up early, or you’ll be late.
24. Not only Lily but also Lucy can go to Beijing.
三、复合句
25. 第二句中is前加it
26. things后加which或that
27. 改为Sometimes, the things you see online is not the same as the ones you get back.
28. 改为You can buy some good quality things on the Internet. / You can buy some things which are of good quality on the Internet.
29. thought改为thinks, she去掉
30. 去掉so
31. Five percent of students aren’t sure whether they’re happy or not.
32. I don’t think he told the truth.
33. When you fail the exam or are misunderstood, don’t be sad and smile.
34. Some students don’t like English, because they have to remember / memorize lots of words and grammars.
35. He found the place where he lived forty years ago.
【精讲精练】
一、完成句子
We are glad that
get your book(s) ready
I don’t think; give up
tell my parents not to worry about me anymore
is always busy with; either helps my mum do the housework or does exercise with me
too young to go/do
used to
How about / What about
as soon as he arrived in
so interested in, that he spends
Why not
There’s something wrong with
It takes / will take a long time to improve
it’s very necessary to know how to
had better neither argue with others nor give up
It’s time to
is famous for
not as easy as
would you please spend more time (in) reading English stories 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
so moved by; that they decide to keep their dreams and do their best to make them come true
Let’s go
enjoys watching
You’d better not
be afraid of making mistakes
so much homework to do that they don’t have enough time to sleep
Why not
It’s time to
as beautiful as
turn off the lights as soon as we leave
learn not only to face all kinds of problems but also to try/do their best to deal with them21cnjy.com
二、第一段：第一句want后加to。第二句去掉to。
第二段：第一句drew改为draw。第二句have改为be。第三句clean前加be；
blue前加be。第四句which变成in which/where，happy改为happily。
第三段：beautifully改为beautiful。
三、书面表达参考例文
English is widely used in the world. I think it’s important for us to learn it well.
English is one of my best subjects. But I’m not good at English in the beginning. But later, I do many things to improve my English. Firstly, I listen to the teacher carefully and take notes in class. That’s very important. Because after class I can review what I’ve learned. Secondly, I try to take every chance to practice listening and speaking in class and after class. I’m not afraid of making mistakes. I believe nothing is impossible as long as I devote myself to learning English. www-2-1-cnjy-com
I’m interested in English, and I hope my English teacher can have an English party or an English corner in order that we can listen to beautiful English songs and watch interesting English movies. At the same time, it not only can improve our listening, but also can offer us chances to communicate with other students in English.
完形填空
【知识点睛】
一、命题特点
题型上来看：越来越降低了对单词本身词义及语法的考查，而注重上下文联系，主要考查学生运用英语基础知识的能力、上下文对照并捕捉关键词的能力、分析行文逻辑及文章的整体理解能力、结合语境分析推理的能力等。21cnjy.com
体裁上来看：中考完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文为主，以叙为主，叙议结合，题材新颖。
二、做题步骤
第一步：___________，___________。完形填空题是一篇意思完整的短文，准确理解短文是解答此类题的关键。在做此题时，要跳过空格，将全文快速浏览一遍，特别要留意文章首尾句和每段首尾句。（对文章内容有一个大概的了解，在阅读时，不需要看到全部的信息，根据部分信息就可以了解大意。千万不要读一句填一句，因为“完形填空”题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后在语法上都成立，但从全文看却并非正确答案。）21*cnjy*com
第二步：___________，___________。了解文章大意后便要开始填入所缺部分。在选择答案时，一定要考虑到上下文的逻辑关系，前后对照，从上下文中找出关键性启示。同时兼顾句子的结构，习惯用法，固定搭配和词类的功能，先选出比较容易的答案，遇到较难的题，可以跳过本题，继续做后面的题，完形填空题文章前后、上下多有暗示和线索提示（文章为了使语篇相互衔接及文章的连贯，有些词会以原词或同义、近义词等形式重复出现在文章中）。2-1-c-n-j-y
第三步：___________，___________。初读初选后，还有一些题目没有思路，此时就要逐句细读，逐题分析选项、对上一步骤未确定的个别试题多方推敲，把握全局思维，注意前后逻辑（选连词的空格前后两句可形成指代、列举、因果、对比、让步、补充、递进等逻辑关系）。
第四步：___________，___________。初定选项后，很重要的一步就是要将整篇文章再复读一遍。对答案进行核实调整，清除疏漏。再次迅速复读，对短文的理解会更为深刻，更容易判断有疑点或误解的地方（这时要注意时态语态、主谓一致、固定搭配等）。21*cnjy*com
五读法：
1. 细读首句，预测主题；
2. 跳读全文，领会大意；
3. 通读全文，试选答案；
4. 细读全文，推敲难题；
5. 复读全文，调整答案。
精简步骤：
1. _______。跳开选项了解信息，初步掌握文章大意。 (1min)
2. _______。仔细阅读全文，抓住短文的每段、每句作者的思想。 (5min)
3. _______。再次阅读文章，检查答案，是否符合文章逻辑推理。 (2min)
三、真题演练
A
The greatest feeling in the world comes not from receiving presents, or even getting an A on the math test you studied so hard for. Rather, it 1________ when you hand a cup of hot coffee to that older man sitting on the side of the street asking for money. You feel it when you drive an hour and a half to a 2________ to meet children with cancer. And you feel it when you sit down with your friend to comfort her 3________ her mother died. Helping others can be the greatest feeling in the world, and I 4________ this just one year ago.
My friend asked me to attend a Youth Group meeting at his church. After an hour of listening to them 5________ their opinions, I was invited to go with them to help 6________ the homeless.
Early that Saturday morning, a team of 15 teenagers began making sandwiches and counting bags of candy. For the first time in my life I realized that we, the teens of America, can make a 7________. Since it was my first time, and I wasn’t part of the group, I felt a little out of place. But watching the others 8________ the food drove my nervousness away.
Before long, all 150 bagged lunches were gone and the group was 9________ its way home. I realized that not only is my friend an amazing person, but that all of those people are amazing. That’s what made me join the Youth Group.21·世纪*教育网
I work at a coffee shop but don’t make much. It’s not the best job, but there are times when it’s worth it. For example, a few weeks ago, when the store was 10________ and I was bored, looking out of the window, I noticed an old man sitting outside. He had been there before. As a matter of fact, he 11________ came in to buy anything because he didn’t have any money. I took up a cup of coffee, walked outside, and handed it to him. The smile on his face made my day, and as I walked back into the store, I put my own money into the drawer. Then I knew how the members of the Youth Group feel every time they help someone. Knowing that you can help is 12________ – the greatest feeling in the world.
1. A. starts B. stops C. lasts D. fails
2. A. shop B. church C. country D. hospital
3. A. after B. until C. though D. before
4. A. expected B. discovered C. touched D. offered
5. A. write B. experience C. voice D. discuss
6. A. teach B. encourage C. move D. feed
7. A. decision B. success C. dream D. difference
8. A. take out B. pick out C. hand out D. point out21·cn·jy·com
9. A. in B. on C. through D. by
10. A. empty B. free C. busy D. crowded
11. A. even B. usually C. never D. often
12. A. helpful B. wonderful C. hopeful D. useful
B
It was a cold afternoon in winter. My oldest son, Stephen, was at school, and Reed, my husband, at work. My 1________ little ones were sitting around the kitchen table. Tom was perfecting a paper plane, while Sam was 2________ on an oil painting.
But Laura, our only daughter, sat quietly and was 3________ in her project. Every once in a while she would ask how to 4________ the name of someone in our family, then carefully form the letters one by one. Next, she would add flowers with small items. She finished off each with a sun in the upper right hand corner. Holding them at eye level, she let out a long sigh (叹息) of 5________.2·1·c·n·j·y
“What are you doing, Honey?” I asked. She looked quickly at her brother before looking back at me. “It’s a 6________.” she said, covering up her work with her hands.
Next, she put her work into a box. When she had finished, she disappeared up the stairs.
It wasn’t until later that evening that I 7________ a “mailbox” taped onto the doors to each of our bedrooms. There were little notes saying that she loved all of us. She hadn’t 8________ Sam or baby Paul. They are pages of colored scenes including flowers with happy faces. “He can’t read yet,” she whispered (低声说), “9________ he can look at the pictures.” Each time I received one of my little girl’s gifts, it 10________ my heart. I was touched at how carefully she paid attention to what wrong happened to us. When Stephen lost a baseball game, there was a letter telling him she thought he was the best ballplayer in the whole world. After I had a 11________ day, there was a message thanking me for my efforts.www-2-1-cnjy-com
This same little girl is grown now, driving off every day to the state college, but some things about her have 12________ changed. Yesterday I found a love note next to my bedside. “Thanks for always being there for me, Mom,” it read, “I’m glad that we’re the best friends.”
There are angels among us. I know I live with one.
1. A. two B. three C. four D. five
2. A. working B. getting C. holding D. putting
3. A. absent B. lost C. bored D. upset
4. A. complete B. afford C. spell D. check
5. A. satisfaction B. carefulness C. tiredness D. regret
6. A. goal B. dream C. wish D. surprise
7. A. realized B. noticed C. knew D. predicted
8. A. cared B. remembered C. followed D. forgotten
9. A. but B. and C. because D. so
10. A. deepened B. froze C. broke D. brightened
11. A. boring B. different C. hard D. crazy
12. A. never B. already C. ever D. Even
C
Taking a Nap during the Day
Medical experts say most Americans do not get enough sleep. They say more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day, 1________ continuing with other activities. www.21-cn-jy.com
One study earlier this year found that persons who 2________ for a few minutes during the day were less likely to die of heart disease. The study 3________ more than 2,300 Greek adults for about six years. Adults who rested for half an hour at least three times a week had a 37 percent 4________ risk of dying from heart disease than those who did not nap.
The study organizers said the strongest evidence was in working men. They said naps might improve 5_______ by mitigating (减低) tension caused by work. 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Some European and Latin American businesses have supported the 6________ of napping for many years. They urge people to 7________ work, go home and have a nap before returning. In the United States, some companies let workers rest briefly in their offices. They believe this reduces 8________ and accidents, and 9________ increases the amount of work a person can do. 21教育网
Sleep experts say it is likely that people make more mistakes at work than at other times. They say people should not 10________ important duties when they feel sleepy. And they say the best thing to do is to take a nap. About twenty minutes of rest is all you need. Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your effectiveness 11________ the end of the day. But experts 12________ that a nap should last no more than twenty to thirty minutes. A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep and waking up will be difficult.
1. A. as B. when C. before D. after
2. A. laugh B. sleep C. walk D. move
3. A. knew B. learned C. studied D. followed
4. A. less B. more C. lower D. higher
5. A. life B. health C. thinking D. ability
6. A. way B. idea C. suggestion D. experiment
7. A. leave B. repeat C. change D. improve
8. A. work B. time C. energy D. mistakes
9. A. too B. also C. never D. seldom
10. A. make B. bring C. carry out D. create【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
11. A. until B. while C. unless D. during【出处：21教育名师】
12. A. say B. think C. guess D. warn
D
As sixth graders, kids were separating into groups, but I wasn’t sure where I belonged.
　　Our teacher gave us a task called “secret friends” for the coming week. We were supposed to do nice things 1_______ our friends without letting them know who was doing it. We could leave encouraging notes or cards either on their desks or in their bags. Before doing the task, with our eyes closed, from a basket, we 2________ a name of a classmate who we were to secretly befriend over the next five days. 【版权所有：21教育】
　　Soon, the task was turned into a competition of giving 3________ instead of notes. Everyone was getting cool presents except me. My friend exactly 4________ what the teacher had told us. So I received nothing but hand-made cards with nice words about me.
　　On the last morning, I finally got a package. When I 5________ it, the girls around all 6________. It was an “old lady” gift. My face went red. 21教育名师原创作品
　　I tried to forget about the shaming gift, but when the same girls 7________ it again during the break in the bathroom, I joined in, “How stupid! My grandmother wouldn’t 8________ want it.” The girls laughed at my words and went out of the bathroom. Washing my hands, I let the water run through my fingers 9________ I thought about my words. It wasn’t 10________ like me to say things like that.”
“I’m your secret friend.” It was Rochelle. “I’ m sorry about the gift,” she said to me, tears running down her face.
　　From a poor family, she was a target (目标) at school for those with rich parents. Yet she just took all the terrible treatment silently.
　　I was sick to my stomach as my 11________ words ran through my mind. She had heard everything. How could I have been so unkind?
　　Later I learned she had felt bad all week about not being able to leave me any cool present and her mum had given up her only luxury (奢侈品). And I had destroyed everything for her.
　　I told her that I had only said those things to try to fit in.
　　“We aren’t that different from each other, are we?” She smiled understandingly. Her simple 12________, spoken from her heart, found their way straight into mine.
1. A. for B. behind C. through D. like
2. A. drew B. changed C. found D. picked
3. A. chances B. help C. hope D. gifts
4. A. learned B. copied C. followed D. understood21世纪教育网版权所有
5. A. discovered B. opened C. caught D. held
6. A. cheered B. shouted C. laughed D. clapped
7. A. mentioned B. saw C. showed D. suggested
8. A. just B. ever C. even D. only
9. A. if B. as C. since D. because
10. A. exactly B. perfectly C. normally D. necessarily
11. A. powerful B. hurtful C. useful D. helpful
12. A. cards B. actions C. choices D. words
【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
浏览全文 了解大意
瞻前顾后 初选答案
逐句细读 逐题分析
复读全文 再次斟酌
速读
精读
复读
【精讲精练】
A 1-5：ADABC 6-10：DDCBA 11-12：CB
B 1-5：BABCA 6-10：DBDAD 11-12：CA
C 1-5：CBDCB 6-10：BADBC 11-12：AD
D 1-5：AADCB 6-10：CACBC 11-12：BD
阅读理解
【知识点睛】
一、命题特点
体裁上来看：涉及记叙文、夹叙夹议文、议论文、说明文和应用文；题材内容涉及英语国家文化的多个领域，并逐步增加广告、海报、图画、表格等实用文体。21cnjy.com
题型上来看：着重考查学生对整篇文章的把握，侧重考查学生根据语境进行语篇分析和综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力。2·1·c·n·j·y
阅读量上看：逐年增加。
难度上来看：增加了难度，超过了大纲规定的3%的生词率。
二、阅读题型
1._________________：考查学生直接从原文中获取正确信息的能力。这类题目可以分为直接事实题和间接事实题。21教育网
2._________________：猜测生词词义、短语和句子意思以及确定代词指代目标的能力。
3._________________：要求读者通过文章所提供的已知信息推测未直接表明的信息。
4._________________：要求读者在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。
三、做题步骤
1. 速读文章抓大意
2. 带题读文作标记
3. 检查题目不留疑
四、阅读禁忌
禁止“指读，声读，译读，精读”
禁止“题目卷面清洁，什么标记都没有”
【试题1】【2015河南中考A篇】
A
A doctor entered the hospital hurriedly after being called in for an important surgery (外科手术). www.21-cn-jy.com
He found the boy’s father in the hall waiting worriedly. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
On seeing him, the father cried out, “Why did you take all this time to come? Don’t you know that my son is in danger? Don’t you have any sense of duty?”
The doctor smiled and said, “I am sorry. I wasn’t in the hospital and I came as fast as I could after receiving the call and now, I wish you’d calm down so that I can do my work.” 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
“Calm down?! What if your son was in this room right now? Would you calm down? If your own son dies while waiting for a doctor, then what will you do?” said the father angrily. The doctor smiled again and replied, “We will do our best and you should also pray (祈祷) for your son’s healthy life.” 21*cnjy*com
The surgery took some hours after which the doctor went out happy, “Thank goodness! Your son is saved!” And without waiting for the father’s reply he carried on his way running by saying, “If you have any questions, ask the nurse.”
“Couldn’t he wait some minutes so that I can ask about my son’s state?” shouted the father when seeing the nurse minutes after the doctor left.
The nurse answered, tears coming down her face. “His son died yesterday in a road accident. He was at the burial (葬礼) when we called him for your son’s surgery. And now that he saved your son’s life, he left running to finish his son’s burial.”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。
What did the doctor do after he received the call for the surgery?
A. He asked another doctor to do his duty.
B. He went to the hospital as soon as possible.
C. He discussed the boy’s state with the father.
D. He waited until his son’s burial was finished.
The father shouted at the doctor because he thought _______.
A. he had waited too long
B. no one cared for his son
C. the doctor was cold to him
D. the surgery took a long time
Who told the truth to the father in the end?
A. The doctor. B. The nurse. C. His son. D. A patient.
How might the father feel after he knew the truth? 21*cnjy*com
A. Angry. B. Excited. C. Sorry. D. Doubtful.
What is the best title for the text?
A. Seeing is believing
B. Time waits for no man
C. Practice makes perfect
D. Think before you decide
一、细节理解题
A
Luca Gramberini has been scuba diving since he was a kid. His family owns a scuba company. For the past three summers, Luca has added gardening to his underwater activities. He helps run Nemo’s Garden, a project to grow plants in the sea.
From May through September, Luca and other divers are working on Nemo’s Garden in the Mediterranean Sea, 150 feet from the coast of Noli, Italy. Five large balloon-like objects, called biospheres (生物圈) , hold plants such as beans and strawberries. The biospheres are filled with air and placed 20 feet below the surface. “My father came up with the idea because he loves gardening very much,” Luca said.
According to Luca, the sea is a good place to grow plants because underwater temperatures remain stable, changing little from day to night. The biospheres act like greenhouses. Inside the air-filled biospheres, fresh water keeps evaporating (蒸发) , providing the plants with a good environment to grow in. “We have already seen the plants, grow faster and better,” Luca says. “And there are fewer storms that can knock down the biospheres during the summer.”
Luca hopes Nemo’s Garden will provide a new way of growing crops. “There is not enough land on the Earth,” he says. “And in many developing countries, bad conditions make it difficult for crops to grow.”
Though the project has just started, Nemo’s Garden has achieved success and is moving to different areas. “We’re going to try growing other plants.” Luca says. “We hope to set up biospheres in other countries. There are many possibilities.”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。
Nemo’s Garden is a project to ______.
A. do scuba diving in the sea B. stop storms in the sea
C. make fresh water from the sea D. grow plants under the water
The passage is probably taken from the _______ part of a newspaper.
A. travel B. science C. health D. sports
B
Wine and Beer Festivals, Germany
September is also a great month for wine as the new kinds are ready for tasting. The Stuttgart Wine Festival (29th August—9th September) is one of the biggest festivals, with over one million visitors. At the festival, you can taste over 250 kinds of wines from the area. If you prefer beer to wine, there’s the world-famous Munich Oktoberfest, which starts on 22nd September and continues until 7th October.
What can we learn about Wine and Beer Festivals?
A. The Stuttgart Wine Festival lasts over two weeks. 21·cn·jy·com
B. Munch Oktoberfest is one of the biggest festivals in the world.
C. More than one million visitors come to Munich Oktoberfest.
D. People can taste over 250 kinds of wines at the Stuttgart Wine Festival.
二、猜测词义题
A
In Germany, teachers and students’ relationship is more formal than you might be used to. Teachers are respected and students must use the formal “Sie (德语：您)” when talking to teachers. 【出处：21教育名师】
The underlined word “respected” can be best translated into ______.
A. 受人尊敬的 B. 令人害怕的 C. 高收入的 D. 有权势的
B (文章同细节理解题A篇)
The underlined word “stable” in paragraph 3 means ______ in Chinese.
A. 平衡的 B. 正常的 C. 稳定的 D. 合适的
C
Rachel Carson’s most famous book, Silent Spring came out in 1962. In this book, she pointed out that the use of some kinds of pesticides (杀虫剂) like DDT would cause the number of birds to decline because it would kill them as well. Finally, in November 1969, the United States government decided that the use of DDT must be stopped in two years.
The Chinese meaning of the word “decline” in this passage is probably “_______”.
A. 增加 B. 减少 C. 维持 D. 翻番
D (文章同主旨大意题C篇)
The underlined word “remunerated” in the passage means “_______”.
A. trained B. praised C. accepted D. paid
E
Skin (皮肤) covers our bodies. Every time we move, our skin moves, too. Try this: Pull up the skin from the back of your hand and then let it go. What happens? The skin goes back to its first positon. That means that skin is elastic—we can move it and pull it but it always goes back. www-2-1-cnjy-com
What’s the meaning of the underlined word “elastic” in the third paragraph?
A. Able to move around or turn around.
B. Able to become softer or harder when needed. 21·世纪*教育网
C. Able to become thick or thin, but can’t go back.
D. Able to become larger and then go back to its usual size.
三、逻辑推理题
A
Bags of Love
Last year, I worked in a middle school near my mother’s house, and I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped her do some housework and buy some food.
After the first week, I noticed that the food was eaten up very quickly. Then I began keeping an eye on my mum. To my surprise, I found that she would put some of the food into a paper bag and go out with it at about nine every morning. And finally, I decided to follow her. I saw her taking the food to the street children. She would also spend a lot of time talking and playing with them.
One day, I talked to a neighbor and found out that my mum was well-known in the area. The children were very friendly with her and even thought of her as their own mother. Then it hit me—why wouldn’t she want to tell me about it? Was she worried that I would stop buying food if I found out?
When my mum got home, I gave her a big hug (拥抱). I told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret from me. And she told me something about the children. Some of them lived with an old lady in a small house. Others slept on the street. For years, she was helping the poor street children by giving them food. After she told me everything, I was so moved by how selfless (无私的) she was. She helped others in need. As her son, I was so proud of my mum.
I continued to buy food for my mum after that. But I always added one more bag for her other children.
The writer added one more bag of food to _______.
A. make friends with the children B. get a hug from his mother
C. become well-known in the area D. help the poor street children
B
The Princess
And
The Frog
Tickets Information
Dates:
30th July — 8th August
Mon — Fri 10am, 7pm
Sat — Sun 10am, 2pm, 7pm
Venue:
Esplanade Theatre
Duration:
1.5 hours
Ticket prices:
$25 per child or adult (day shows)
$35 per child or adult (evening shows)
Family Packages:
$85 for 4 tickets (10am, 2pm shows)
$120 for 4 tickets (7pm shows)
Latecomer Policy:
Please arrive early. Latecomers will not be allowed to enter until a proper break in the shows.
Tel:
617-219-4300
Children:
As courtesy to other audience members, children below three years old will not be allowed in.
If a family of four go to the theatre in the evening, they have to pay at least ______ dollars for the tickets. 21世纪教育网版权所有
A. 85 B. 100 C. 120 D. 140
C
Off the Beaten Cart Path
The best-selling travel book which includes over 200 new places of interest, over 200 new full-color photographs, and all-new, up-to-date maps. It includes over 1,000 of the United States most must-see destinations (目的地).
Cover Price: $30.00 Our Price: $19.80
Parents
The most popular magazine for parents who want to raise smart and loving children. It has child development guidance, advice on your child’s health and safety, and the best way to encourage your child’s learning.
Cover Price: $26.00 Our Price: $12.60
Best Weekend Projects
The projects (方案) are chosen from 80 special ideas to create an unusual living space. They are practical, as well as creative. They will improve your home and yard and can be made on weekends. And the most important of all, they are easy to follow.
Cover Price: $17.95 Our Price: $13.90
Lucky
The shopping magazine with the best buys, and the fashion tips (小贴士). You’ll need them before you go to the stores. What makes Lucky really special is that it gives you the information you need before anyone else has it.
Cover Price: $18.50 Our Price: $15.50
What do you think the passage is?
A. An advertisement.
B. A notice.
C. A story.
D. A report.
四、主旨大意题
A (文章同细节理解题A篇)
The best title for this passage is _______.
A. Gardens in the sea B. Projects for summer activities
C. Plants in greenhouses D. Conditions for crop growing
B (选自一篇文章的第四段)
Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, firefighters even start fires to get rid of (去除) dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat (威胁) to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally. 2-1-c-n-j-y
What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A. Fires are serious threats to human beings.
B. Australian firefighters don’t put out fires. 21教育名师原创作品
C. Fires can play an important role in forests.
D. It’s difficult for firefighters to control the fires.
C
Making a good job choice is almost as good as choosing a good life. So, choosing a job is one of the most important decisions to make in life.
For my job, there are three important things that I will consider:
The first one—that I must work in an area I like—is most important to me. Someone once said if you find a job that you enjoy, then you won’t have to work another day. I would like to work in an area where I can be more creative. I would like to be the most valuable member there. All this is possible only if I like what I do.
The second one is that the area of my work must lead me to solve some new and hard problems. I would like to stay in the same area for a long time. In order for this to happen, the work must provide enough problems. More than just working to live, I enjoy making a difference and trying my best for the whole progress. I would also like to be well remunerated for my hard work, so I can lead a comfortable life with this hard-won money. Then I can provide the best for my family.
The third important thing is that I would like to work in an area that would help other people. The work in my mind is in fields such as the army, training or management. In such areas, I can help to develop the abilities of others and bring out their best. It would be a most satisfying job to help young people to become the best that they can be. When I become old, I would like to look back with a great sense of satisfaction that thousands of people have become better persons through my work.
I accept the idea that no one should make a choice of a job suddenly or quickly. He should decide what he wants to be in the long run. Then, he should decide how he works towards it. He should study the proper courses, read the books and speak to knowledgeable persons in that field before making a job choice. A good choice will most probably lead to a better life.
What is the best title for the passage?
A. My Job Choice
B. My Favorite Job
C. My Comfortable Life
D. My Sense of Satisfaction
【精讲精练】
A
Why are your study habits different from those of your friends? Why do you seem to learn faster in some classes while more slowly in others? One reason you may not know is that people have different learning types. Scientists say there are three different learning types: Visual (视觉型), Auditory (听觉型), and Kinesthetic (动觉型). 【版权所有：21教育】
Visual learners learn best by seeing. If you seem to easily remember information from pictures, graphs (图表) and videos, you are probably a visual learner. You’re not good at copying down what the teacher says in class. Never mind. You can draw graphs or pictures instead, if you find that works better for you.
Auditory learners learn best by hearing. If you seem to easily remember things by hearing them, then you are probably an auditory learner. You must listen carefully while the teacher is speaking because it’s the easiest way for you to learn. Sometimes you may find that taking notes stops you from listening carefully. After class, you can write down what you remember or borrow your friends’ notes to copy.
Kinesthetic learners learn best by doing. If you seem to learn best by working with your hands, you are probably a kinesthetic learner. Taking notes by writing can make you pay close attention to information as you receive it. Of course, you can learn best by making full use of labs or other class activities.
Hope you learn better by knowing what your personal learning type is.
There are _______ different learning types according to the passage.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
Jude can remember the words of a song quickly by listening to it once or twice. She might be a/an _______ according to the passage.
A. auditory learner B. visual learner C. strange leaner D. usual learner
Kinesthetic learners learn best by _______.
A. remembering information from videos
B. listening to teachers in class
C. drawing graphs or pictures
D. doing things with their hands
The best title of this passage may be “_______”.
A. Study Habits B. Ways to Study
C. Learning Types D. Reasons to Learn
B
New Technology Revolutionizes (变革) Learning
More and more people believe that technologies are great for learning. Today, such teaching tools as iPads are used in a lot of courses, including language, history and science.
Many teachers are supporters of using iPads in language learning. They say that students now have much more time for discussion in the classroom. Instead of spending valuable class time listening to texts or watching teaching videos, students can do this on their own and come to class prepared for discussion.
The teachers also say that iPads allow students to learn at their own pace. Some students might listen to a dialogue only once and understand it, so they can save time for doing other things. Other students, however, might need to listen to the same dialogue again and again to understand it. Using iPads is especially helpful to students who are learning a language at different paces.
The students who are using the new tool in some courses are also happy. They believe that using iPads is a more enjoyable way to learn (such as listening to stories and watching movies). The class has become much more interesting and creative.
There are other advantages for students. By using iPads, they can pay more attention to the material and learn more. Teaching notes are stored in their iPads and are easy to find. Some students spend more time studying now. “I can listen to my language material or watch teaching videos on the bus, instead of having to wait until I get home,” a student explained.
Many adults complain that technologies such as iPads are doing harm to students. They worry that students might use iPads to download teaching notes and use them to cheat during exams. Some believe that iPads may separate students from each other. If a student spends more time watching videos on an iPad, he will have fewer opportunities to have face-to-face communication with others.
However, technologies are already a part of most students’ day-to-day lives. As for cheating, teachers can ask students to hand in their iPads when they take exams. Education needs to make changes with the times as technology is playing an important part. We should look forward to a wonderful future when iPads and other technologies can add a lot to the classroom.
What does the expression “at their own pace” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. According to their own timetable. B. Without their teachers’ help.
C. Because of their wonderful goals. D. Against their parents’ hope.
From the passage we can learn that ______.
A. students with iPads have less discussion in class
B. students get more fun from learning with iPads
C. iPads help students save time waiting for buses
D. iPads prevent students from cheating in exams
The writer probably agrees that ______.
A. teachers can take control of students’ learning
B. exam results depend a lot on new technology
C. technology in education has a bright future
D. note-taking is as helpful as video-watching
【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
二、阅读题型
1. 细节理解题 2. 猜测词义题 3. 逻辑推理题 4. 主旨大意题
【试题1】46—50：BABCD
一、细节理解题 1—4：DBD
二、猜测词义题 1—5：ACBDD
三、逻辑推理题 1—3：DCA
四、主旨大意题 1—3：ACA
【精讲精练】
A篇：1—4：BADC
B篇：5—7：ABC