专题十五 主谓一致的三大原则
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
根据对主谓一致全国各地试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：主谓一致的语法一致原则、主谓一致的就近一致原则、主谓一致的意义一致原则。考试题型常出现在选择题和句型转换中。
高频考点一：语法形式一致的原则
语法形式一致的原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况：
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
[注意：]由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数 。例如：
2、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。例如：
1）但是，并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。
2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a ，more than one修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。[注意] 在“more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，若在There be句型中，亦可用复数。
3、如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, no less than, rather than ,as much as，more than，along with? in addition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数。
4、不定代词each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。若后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
5.不定代词none 以及由"none/either/neither＋of＋复数合词(或代词)"构成的短语作主语时，谓语用单复数均可，这取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个都不.......”或“两个中的任何一个都不.......”时，谓语动词用单数；当说话者着眼于“所有的都不.......”或“两个中的全部都不.......”时，谓语动词用复数。在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数，应与句中先行词的数一致。[注意]在以“one of the＋复数名词”为先行词的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但如果“one of the＋复数名词”这个结构前有the only之类的修饰语时，其从句的谓语动词用单数。
6、“a lot of （lots of， plenty of， a head of， heaps of， the rest（majority） of ，some
（many，anymore，most， all等）of＋+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。注意：
1）all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语用复数；表示“整个事件或事情”时，谓语用单数。
2）“a number of+复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“The number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。21cnjy.com
7、由“分数或百分数+of +名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。
8、 如果主语是由“a kind of, 或this/that? kind of, a series ( a species) of ，a pair of等 + 名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。[注意]但"there/those kinds of＋复数名词"作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
高频考点二：逻辑意义一致原则，即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。常见的有以下几种情况：
1、表示总称意义形单意复的名词，如people, police, cattle 等作主语时，只当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。
2、以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team，crew，crowd，public等集体名词作主语时，谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当作主语被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数，如果被看成是其中的个体成员时，谓语就用复数。[注意]population 单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。
3、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如glasses, trousers（裤子）, shoes ，chopsticks（筷子）,goods（货物）,scissors（剪刀）,socks, compasses（圆规） ，但如果这些名词前有a pair of，等量词修饰时，（clothes被修饰a suit of），谓语动词一般用单数形式。
4、由“pair, piece of +名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词与pair, piece等词保持一致与后的代词、名词无关。
5、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语，根据意义一致原则，通常被看作一个整体，其谓语用单数。21世纪教育网版权所有
6.某些形复意单的名词(如表示人名、地名、国名及组织、书籍、报刊等名称的专有名词和学科名词等)作主语，谓语用单数。
7、如果主语由“the+形容词（分词）”担任时，往往根据意义一致原则，来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果表示一类人时，谓语动用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念时，则谓语动词用单数形式。
8、名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况，一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。例如：The baker's is on the side of the street.理发馆在街道的另一边。
9、数词作主语时，谓语用单数，但有四则运算中，谓语单、复数均可
10.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于它产本身的含义。
11、表示数量的短语“one and a half＋名词复数”及“a＋单数名词＋and＋a half”作主语时，谓语用单数。
12.某些单数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数；反之谓语动词则用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep，deer， fish，means（方法、手段）species （种类） -ance及以-ese/-ss结尾的表示民族的名词等)。www.21-cn-jy.com
高频考点三：就近一致原则，即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，又称为毗邻一致原则。
1、当or，either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also...，not...but....，whether...or...等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。www-2-1-cnjy-com
2、在倒装句中如一个句子由there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个，谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。
考点剖析☆名师点拨
高频考点剖析一：语法一致的原则 (1)以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：
He?goes?to?school?early?every?morning.
The?children?are?playing?outside.
To?work?hard?is?necessary?for?a?student.
(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Both?he?and?I?are?right.
Mr?Black?and?Mrs?Black?have?a?son?called?Tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：
His?teacher?and?friend?is?a?beautiful?girl.
The?poet?and?writer?has?come.
(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,?every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
In?our?country?every?boy?and?every?girl?has?the?right?to?receive?education.【版权所有：21教育】
Each?man?and?each?woman?is?asked?to?help.
(4)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有?but?,except,?besides,?with?等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：The?teacher?with?his?students?is?going?to?visit?the?museum.
Nobody?but?two?boys?was?late?for?class.
Bread?and?butter?is?a?daily?food?in?the?west.
(5)?一些只有复数形式的名词，如people,?police,?cattle,?clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：A?lot?of?people?are?dancing?outside.
(6)由each,?some,?any,?no,?every?构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：
Is?everybody?ready?
(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses,?shoes,?trousers,?chopsticks,?scissors?等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Where?are?my?shoes??I?can’t?find?them.如果这类名词前用了a?pair?of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：
Here?are?some?new?pairs?of?shoes.My?new?pair?of?socks?is?on?the?bed.
高频考点剖析二：意义一致的原则
(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：
Twenty?years?is?not?a?long?time.
(2)有些集合名词，如family,?team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：My?family?is?big?one. My?family?are?watching?TV.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
(3)不定代词由all,?most,?more,?some,?any,?none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：All?of?the?work?has?been?finished.21*cnjy*com
(4)疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：Who?is?your?brother?
(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
It?is?said?that?35?per?cent?of?the?doctors?are?women.
(6)half,?the?rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：
I?have?read?a?large?part?of?the?book,?the?rest?is?more?difficult.
(7)由what?引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：What?she?said?is?correct.
(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The?dead?is?a?famous?person.
高频考点剖析三.邻近一致的原则
(1)由连词or,?either……or,?neither……nor,?not?only…but?also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：Either?you?or?I?am?right.
(2)在“There?be”?句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
There?are?two?apples?and?one?egg?in?it.
(3)as?well?as?和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。He?as?well?as?I?is?responsible?for?it.
不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。
(4)以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。Here?is?a?letter?and?some?books?for?you.
考点过关☆专项突破
类型一：语法一致的原则
1. (2016·上海)The twins fond of the new idea in the magazine article.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
2. (2016·湖北荆州)The number of the volunteer in our city 2，000. And sixty percent of them teachers and students.
A. is;is B. is;are C. are;is D. are;are
3. (2016·湖北孝感) Both Kate and I ready for the new high school life.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
4. (2016·甘肃兰州)My sister with my parents dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.
A. are making B. is making C. was making D. were making21教育网
5. (2016·江苏淮安)Andy，with his parents， to Hong Kong，and they will stay there for a week.
A. have gone B. has gone C. have been D. has been2-1-c-n-j-y
6. (2016·新疆阜康米泉)—Jack， of the oranges gone bad. 21教育名师原创作品
—We’d better eat up the rest as soon as possible.
A. one fifth;have B. one fifth;has C. one fifths;have D. first five;has
7. (2016·黑龙江龙东)We each WeChat nowadays，even the old people.
A. play B. plays C. playing
9. (2016·湖南郴州)—Look! A woman with three children crossing the street.
—Let’s help them.
A. is B. are C. was
10. (2016·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)There some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet.
A. are B. is C. have
类型二：意义一致的原则
11．When and where to build the new factory _________yet．???????【出处：21教育名师】
A．is not decided ??B．are not decided ??C．has not decided ??D．have not decided
12．Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头)
A. are a number of deer?B. are a number of deers?C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
13．How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.??
A. have? ????B. has? ????C. is? ????D. are
类型三：邻近一致的原则
14. (2016·湖南永州)Neither Li Hua nor I good at writing.
A. am B. is C. are
15.Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [2017年潍坊市]
A．have been；a11??? ?B. have been; both? ??C has been; all?? ??D．has been; both
16.Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China．[临沂市]
A．will visit??? ??B. has visited? ???C．have visited ???D ．visited
17． Neither your sister nor mine _______the good news．Let's tell them．?????
A．know??? ???B knows??? ???C．knew
18．Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.?【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A. nor I am??? B. nor I are???C. or me are??? D. or me is
19．Not only his parents but also his brother ____ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.?
A. have been? ???B. have gone? ???C. has been? ???D. has gone
20．Not only I but also Jane and Mary________ tired of having one examination after another．
A．is??? ????B．are? ????C．am??? ???D．be
考点延伸☆强化训练
1.(2017·湖南长沙) 26. Not only my parents but also my sister crazy about the TV play in the name of People.
A. is B. are C. have been
2.(2017·湖南益阳) 26. The number of people in the city ______ about seven million now.
A. are B. has C. is
3.(2017·江苏南京）2. Look! There ________ a photo of our English teacher in today's newspaper!
A. is B. are C. have D. has
4.(2017·江苏泰州) 5. Neither Jim nor Tom ______ Australia before, but they know the country very well.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to
5.(2017·贵州安顺). — ________ there anything new in today’s Qianzhong Morning Daily?
—No. But there some inspiring stories worth reading.21·世纪*教育网
A. Is; is B. Are; are C. Is; are D. Are; is
6.(2017·贵州贵阳)40. We all know that one of the world’s most popular sports ______ football.
A. am B. is C. are
7.(2017·贵州六盘水)32. The number of the students ______ over 2000 in our school.
A. is B. are C. he D. Were
8.(2017·内蒙古呼和浩特)14. Mary _________ is my friend, as well as her sisters, _______ Chinese in China.
A. that; are studying B. which; have studied C. who; study D. who; studies 2·1·c·n·j·y
9.(2017·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)10. A number of visitors________ visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors_________ increasing.
A. are, is B. is, are C. are, are
10.(2017·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)1. Listen! The little girl_______ singing in the room.
A./ B. are C. is
11.(2017·四川宜宾)27. Two months________a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation.
A. am B. is C. are21·cn·jy·com
12.(2017?江苏镇江)3.—Do you enjoy the songs sung by Jay Chou?
—Of course. Not only I but also my parents his fans.
A. am B. are C. was D. were
13.(2017?四川攀枝花)31. One great thing about Singapore, unlike most other Asian countries, ______ that the temperature is almost the same all year round.
are B. is C. was D. were21*cnjy*com
专题十五 主谓一致的三大原则
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
根据对主谓一致全国各地试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：主谓一致的语法一致原则、主谓一致的就近一致原则、主谓一致的意义一致原则。考试题型常出现在选择题和句型转换中。
高频考点一：语法形式一致的原则
语法形式一致的原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况：21教育名师原创作品
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
[注意：]由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数 。例如：
2、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。例如：
1）但是，并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。
2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a ，more than one修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。[注意] 在“more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，若在There be句型中，亦可用复数。
3、如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, no less than, rather than ,as much as，more than，along with? in addition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数。
4、不定代词each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。若后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
5.不定代词none 以及由"none/either/neither＋of＋复数合词(或代词)"构成的短语作主语时，谓语用单复数均可，这取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个都不.......”或“两个中的任何一个都不.......”时，谓语动词用单数；当说话者着眼于“所有的都不.......”或“两个中的全部都不.......”时，谓语动词用复数。在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数，应与句中先行词的数一致。[注意]在以“one of the＋复数名词”为先行词的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但如果“one of the＋复数名词”这个结构前有the only之类的修饰语时，其从句的谓语动词用单数。
6、“a lot of （lots of， plenty of， a head of， heaps of， the rest（majority） of ，some
（many，anymore，most， all等）of＋+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。注意：21世纪教育网版权所有
1）all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语用复数；表示“整个事件或事情”时，谓语用单数。
2）“a number of+复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“The number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
7、由“分数或百分数+of +名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。
8、 如果主语是由“a kind of, 或this/that? kind of, a series ( a species) of ，a pair of等 + 名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。[注意]但"there/those kinds of＋复数名词"作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
高频考点二：逻辑意义一致原则，即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。常见的有以下几种情况：
1、表示总称意义形单意复的名词，如people, police, cattle 等作主语时，只当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。
2、以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team，crew，crowd，public等集体名词作主语时，谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当作主语被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数，如果被看成是其中的个体成员时，谓语就用复数。[注意]population 单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。
3、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如glasses, trousers（裤子）, shoes ，chopsticks（筷子）,goods（货物）,scissors（剪刀）,socks, compasses（圆规） ，但如果这些名词前有a pair of，等量词修饰时，（clothes被修饰a suit of），谓语动词一般用单数形式。
4、由“pair, piece of +名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词与pair, piece等词保持一致与后的代词、名词无关。
5、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语，根据意义一致原则，通常被看作一个整体，其谓语用单数。
6.某些形复意单的名词(如表示人名、地名、国名及组织、书籍、报刊等名称的专有名词和学科名词等)作主语，谓语用单数。
7、如果主语由“the+形容词（分词）”担任时，往往根据意义一致原则，来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果表示一类人时，谓语动用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念时，则谓语动词用单数形式。
8、名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况，一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。例如：The baker's is on the side of the street.理发馆在街道的另一边。
9、数词作主语时，谓语用单数，但有四则运算中，谓语单、复数均可
10.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于它产本身的含义。
11、表示数量的短语“one and a half＋名词复数”及“a＋单数名词＋and＋a half”作主语时，谓语用单数。
12.某些单数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数；反之谓语动词则用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep，deer， fish，means（方法、手段）species （种类） -ance及以-ese/-ss结尾的表示民族的名词等)。
高频考点三：就近一致原则，即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，又称为毗邻一致原则。
1、当or，either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also...，not...but....，whether...or...等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。
2、在倒装句中如一个句子由there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个，谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。
考点剖析☆名师点拨
高频考点剖析一：语法一致的原则 (1)以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：
He?goes?to?school?early?every?morning.
The?children?are?playing?outside.
To?work?hard?is?necessary?for?a?student.
(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Both?he?and?I?are?right.
Mr?Black?and?Mrs?Black?have?a?son?called?Tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：
His?teacher?and?friend?is?a?beautiful?girl.
The?poet?and?writer?has?come.
(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,?every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
In?our?country?every?boy?and?every?girl?has?the?right?to?receive?education.21·cn·jy·com
Each?man?and?each?woman?is?asked?to?help.
(4)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有?but?,except,?besides,?with?等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：The?teacher?with?his?students?is?going?to?visit?the?museum.2·1·c·n·j·y
Nobody?but?two?boys?was?late?for?class.
Bread?and?butter?is?a?daily?food?in?the?west.
(5)?一些只有复数形式的名词，如people,?police,?cattle,?clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：A?lot?of?people?are?dancing?outside.【出处：21教育名师】
(6)由each,?some,?any,?no,?every?构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：
Is?everybody?ready?
(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses,?shoes,?trousers,?chopsticks,?scissors?等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Where?are?my?shoes??I?can’t?find?them.如果这类名词前用了a?pair?of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：
Here?are?some?new?pairs?of?shoes.My?new?pair?of?socks?is?on?the?bed.
高频考点剖析二：意义一致的原则
(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：
Twenty?years?is?not?a?long?time.
(2)有些集合名词，如family,?team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：My?family?is?big?one. My?family?are?watching?TV.
(3)不定代词由all,?most,?more,?some,?any,?none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：All?of?the?work?has?been?finished.
(4)疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：Who?is?your?brother?
(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
It?is?said?that?35?per?cent?of?the?doctors?are?women.
(6)half,?the?rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：
I?have?read?a?large?part?of?the?book,?the?rest?is?more?difficult.
(7)由what?引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：What?she?said?is?correct.
(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The?dead?is?a?famous?person.
高频考点剖析三.邻近一致的原则
(1)由连词or,?either……or,?neither……nor,?not?only…but?also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：Either?you?or?I?am?right.
(2)在“There?be”?句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
There?are?two?apples?and?one?egg?in?it.
(3)as?well?as?和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。
He?as?well?as?I?is?responsible?for?it.
不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。
(4)以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
Here?is?a?letter?and?some?books?for?you.
考点过关☆专项突破
类型一：语法一致的原则
1. (2016·上海)The twins fond of the new idea in the magazine article.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
[答案]D
[解析]be fond of意为“喜爱；喜欢”。由the twins可知句子的主语是两个人，故选are。
2. (2016·湖北荆州)The number of the volunteer in our city 2，000. And sixty percent of them teachers and students.
A. is;is B. is;are C. are;is D. are;are
[答案]B
[解析]句意：在我们城市的志愿者的数量是2 000。他们中有百分之六十是教师和学生。the number of... “……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数；sixty percent of... “百分之六十……”，当其修饰的名词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词是用单数还是用复数取决于名词，即与名词保持一致，因为of后跟代词them，所以答案选B。
3. (2016·湖北孝感) Both Kate and I ready for the new high school life.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
[答案]C
[解析]句意：凯特和我都为新的中学生活做好了准备。both... and... 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，后面的谓语动词要用复数形式，故选C。
4. (2016·甘肃兰州)My sister with my parents dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.
A. are making B. is making C. was making D. were making
[答案]C
[解析]句意：我昨晚回家时，我妹妹和我父母在包饺子。A项表示现在进行时；B项的主语应为单数，表示现在进行时；C项的主语为单数，表示过去进行时；D项表示过去进行时。由主语My sister为第三人称单数和时间状语为yesterday evening可知用过去进行时。故选C。
5. (2016·江苏淮安)Andy，with his parents， to Hong Kong，and they will stay there for a week.
A. have gone B. has gone C. have been D. has been【版权所有：21教育】
[答案]B
[解析]句意：安迪和他的父母已经去了香港，他们将在那里待上一个星期。“have/has been to+地点”意为“曾经去过某地”；“have/has gone to +地点”意为“已经去了某地”。从后一分句知，Andy和其父母是已经去了香港，排除C、D两项；本句的主语为第三人称单数Andy，而介词短语with his parents作伴随状语，句子谓语动词用第三人称单数。故选B。
6. (2016·新疆阜康米泉)—Jack， of the oranges gone bad.
—We’d better eat up the rest as soon as possible.
A. one fifth;have B. one fifth;has C. one fifths;have D. first five;has
[答案]A
[解析]分数中，分子用基数词，分母用序数词(分子大于1时加-s)，分数作主语时，谓语动词与后面的名词保持一致。oranges是复数。故选A。
7. (2016·黑龙江龙东)We each WeChat nowadays，even the old people.
A. play B. plays C. playing
[答案]A
[解析]句子的主语为we，each作同位语，playing不能独立作谓语。故选A。句意：现在我们每个人都在玩微信，甚至是老年人 (也在玩)。
9. (2016·湖南郴州)—Look! A woman with three children crossing the street.
—Let’s help them.
A. is B. are C. was
[答案]A
[解析]句意：“看! 一个带着三个孩子的妇女在过街。”“让我们帮帮他们吧。” with是介词，谓语动词要根据with前的名词确定单复数；因with前的名词woman是单数形式，所以谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式；由句中的look可知句子用现在进行时。故选A。21*cnjy*com
10. (2016·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)There some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet.
A. are B. is C. have
[答案]B
[解析]根据there可知考查There be 句型。主语是advice，视为单数，be动词用单数is。句意：在网上有一些关于如何降低空气污染的好建议。故选B。2-1-c-n-j-y
类型二：意义一致的原则
11．When and where to build the new factory _________yet．???????21*cnjy*com
A．is not decided ??B．are not decided ??C．has not decided ??D．have not decided
[答案]A
[解析] “还未决定何时何地建设新工厂。”“两个并列连词+主语+谓语”作主语看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数，根据题意又应用被动语态，故选A。
12．Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头)
A. are a number of deer?B. are a number of deers?C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
[答案]A
[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）www-2-1-cnjy-com
13．How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.??
A. have? ????B. has? ????C. is? ????D. are
[答案]B
[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
类型三：邻近一致的原则
14. (2016·湖南永州)Neither Li Hua nor I good at writing. 21教育网
A. am B. is C. are
[答案]A
[解析]句意：李华和我都不擅长写作。由neither... nor得知谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。故选A。
15.Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [2017年潍坊市]
A．have been；a11??? ?B. have been; both? ??C has been; all?? ??D．has been; both
[答案]B
[解析]考查neither．．．nor的用法，以及both与all的区别。neither…nor连接两个主语时，谓语用“就近原则”，cousins是复数，谓语用have been，排除C和D项；指两者用both。
16.Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China．[临沂市]
A．will visit??? ??B. has visited? ???C．have visited ???D ．visited
[答案]B
[解析]本题既考查时态，又考查并列连词not only．．．but also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China，可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not only．．．but also连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要用“就近原则。
17． Neither your sister nor mine _______the good news．Let's tell them．?????
A．know??? ???B knows??? ???C．knew
[答案]B
[解析]句中的主语是your sister和mine，由并列连词neither…nor连在一起，所以谓语动词要与后一个主语mine相一致，这里mine指my sister。
18．Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.?
A. nor I am??? B. nor I are???C. or me are??? D. or me is
[答案]A
[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither…nor是一组连词，可连接连个并列主语，其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
19．Not only his parents but also his brother ____ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.?
A. have been? ???B. have gone? ???C. has been? ???D. has gone
[答案]D
[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not only…but also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。www.21-cn-jy.com
20．Not only I but also Jane and Mary________ tired of having one examination after another．
A．is??? ????B．are? ????C．am??? ???D．be
[答案]B
[解析]“不仅是我而且简和玛莉都已厌烦了一个接着一个的考试。”not only…需用到就近原则，but also之后又是两个人，是复数。故选B。
考点延伸☆强化训练
1.(2017·湖南长沙) 26. Not only my parents but also my sister crazy about the TV play in the name of People.
A. is B. are C. have been
【答案】. A
【解析】考查主谓一致 句意：不仅我的父母，而且我的妹妹对电视剧《人民的名义》疯狂的喜欢。Not only…but also…链接并列的主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。较近的是my sister。故选A。21·世纪*教育网
2.(2017·湖南益阳) 26. The number of people in the city ______ about seven million now.
A. are B. has C. is
【答案】.C
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：现在这个城市人口的数量大约是七百万。the number of表示“……的数量”，跟复数名词连用作主语时，中心词是number，谓语动词要用单数。故选C。
3.(2017·江苏南京）2. Look! There ________ a photo of our English teacher in today's newspaper!
A. is B. are C. have D. has
【答案】. A
【解析】考查固定句型。句意“看，在今天的报纸上有我们英语老师的图片”，there be…表示“有……”，后面的名词a photo是单数，因此动词用is。故选A。
4.(2017·江苏泰州) 5. Neither Jim nor Tom ______ Australia before, but they know the country very well.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to
【答案】. B
【解析】考查主谓一致和been to与gone to的区别。句意：吉姆和汤姆以前都没去过澳大利亚，但他们对这个国家很了解。neither…nor…连结主语时，谓语动词根据“就近原则”确定适当形式，主语Tom提示谓语助动词用has，下文but引导的转折句意提示用has been to表示“去过”。故选B。
5.(2017·贵州安顺). — ________ there anything new in today’s Qianzhong Morning Daily?
—No. But there some inspiring stories worth reading.
A. Is; is B. Are; are C. Is; are D. Are; is
【答案】. C
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：——今天的《黔中早报》有一些新的东西吗？——没有，但有一些令人鼓舞的故事值得一读。前者不定代词anything作句子的主语，There be句型中的be动词应用单数形式；后者some inspiring stories作句子的主语，There be句型中的be动词应用复数形式。故选C。
6.(2017·贵州贵阳)40. We all know that one of the world’s most popular sports ______ football.
A. am B. is C. are
【答案】. B
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：我们都知道足球是世界上最受欢迎的运动之一。one of修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数；主语one of the world’s most popular sports是第三人称单数。故选B。
7.(2017·贵州六盘水)32. The number of the students ______ over 2000 in our school.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A. is B. are C. he D. Were21cnjy.com
【答案】. A
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：在我们学校学生的数量超过2000。the number of意为“……的数量”，作主语是，谓语动词用单数。故选A。
8.(2017·内蒙古呼和浩特)14. Mary _________ is my friend, as well as her sisters, _______ Chinese in China.
A. that; are studying B. which; have studied C. who; study D. who; studies
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句及主谓一致。第一空先行词为Mary，定语从句关系词用who或that；而第二空为本题干的谓语部分，as well as her sisters“除……之外”为插入语，整个句子的主语实际是Mary，故谓语动词用单三形式。故本题答案为D。
9.(2017·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)10. A number of visitors________ visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors_________ increasing.
A. are, is B. is, are C. are, are
【答案】. A
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：大量的旅游者正在参观西湖，游客的数量正在增长。a number of意为“大量的”，主语是其后所修饰的名词，visitors是复数，谓语用are；the number of意为“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语动词用is。故选A。
10.(2017·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)1. Listen! The little girl_______ singing in the room.
A./ B. are C. is
【答案】. C
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：看这个小女孩正在房间里唱歌。主语是girl是单数，助动词用is。故选C。
11.(2017·四川宜宾)27. Two months________a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation.
A. am B. is C. are
【答案】. B
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：两个月很长。我们可以在假期期间看我们的爷爷奶奶。当主语为表示时间、地点、距离、价钱等的名词时，通常谓语需要用单数形式。故选B。
12.(2017?江苏镇江)3.—Do you enjoy the songs sung by Jay Chou?
—Of course. Not only I but also my parents his fans.
A. am B. are C. was D. were
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：——你喜欢周杰伦唱得歌吗？——当然。不但我而且我的父母都是他的粉丝。上文Do you enjoy...提示答语用一般现在时表示客观事实；not only…but also…意为“不但……而且……”，并列主语时谓语动词根据“就近原则”用but also后的主语确定谓语动词单复数。主语my parents提示用are。故选B。
13.(2017?四川攀枝花)31. One great thing about Singapore, unlike most other Asian countries, ______ that the temperature is almost the same all year round.
are B. is C. was D. were
【答案】. B
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：新加坡一个最大特点就是，一年四季温度都差不多，不像亚洲其他的城市。主语One great thing about Singapore是单三，叙述现在的情况用一般现在时。故选B。
