21世纪教育网 –中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题五 介词
考点一 介词词义辨析
（1）时间介词
基本分类 基本用法 示例
时 间 介 词 at 多用于具体的时刻前，也可用于固定搭配中 at seven 在7点at a quarter to one 在12点45分at noon 在中午at night 在晚上
in 用于表示一段时间，或用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等 。还可用于表示“从现在起、多长时间以后或多久以后“ in the twentieth century 在21世纪in autumn 在秋天in the morning 在早上They will finish the work in an hour.一个小时后他们将完成这项工作。
on 主要用于日期、星期几、具体某一天的早上、中午、晚上或节日前。 on Mid-Autumn Day 在中秋节on June 1st 在6月1日
since 指从某时一直延续至今，后接时间点，句子用完成时。 He has studied English since 20000. 他从2000年就已经开始学英语了。
from 说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。 From now on , I will learn English in the morning . 从现在起我将在早晨学英语。
for 指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段 I have studied English for six years. 我已经学了6年英语了。
after :(1) 表示在以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，可用于一般过去时。 （2）与时间点连用可表示在将来某个时间之后。 They finished the work after tow years. 他们在两年之后完成了这项工作。 I’ll ring you up after two o’clock . 两点以后， 我将给你打电话。
until 用于否定句中，意为“直到....才....”,其前的谓语动词多用瞬间动词；用在肯定句中。意为“直到...为止” , 其前的谓语动词需用延续性动词。 I didn’t go to bed until my mother came home . 直到我妈妈回家，我才去睡觉 。 I waited for my mother until she came home . 我等我妈妈直到她回家为止。
“by+时间点”表示“到..为止” 如果by后加“将来的时间点”应用一般将来时；如果by 后跟一个过去的时间在点应用过去完成时。 We had learned 1,000 English words by the end of last term . 到上个学期为止， 我们已经学了1，000 个英语单词。
during+时间段与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作。 He lives with us during these years. 这些年他我们一起住 。
Before表示时间，后接时间点，意为“在...之前” Please bring your homework before ten o’clock . 请在10点之前带来你的家庭作业 。
2、方位介词与方式介词
基本分类 基本用法 示例
方 at 用在较小的地点前 at the bus stop 在公共汽车站；at home 在家
in 用在较大的地点前 in China 在中国；in the world 在世界上
on 表示“在...上面”，强调表面接触 Look at the book on the desk 看桌子的那本书。
over指“在...上面”，表示垂直在下之意 There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座桥。
above指“在...上面”，属于斜上方 Raise your arms above your head . 把你的胳膊举到头上。
below表示“在...下面”， 不一定有垂直在下之意 The coat reaches below the knees . 这件大衣一直到膝盖下。
under表示“在...正下方” There are many bikes under the tree.
in front of 表示“在...前面”（范围外） There are some trees in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一些树。 （教室外面的前面）
in the front of 表示“在...的前部”（范围内） Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom 我们老师通常坐在教室的前面。 （教室里面的前面）
位介词（短语） before 所表示的位置关系和in front of 通用， 表示“在...前面/面前” He sits before / in front of me 他坐在我前面。
behind 表示“在...后面”，是in front of 的反义词。 Don’t hide behind the tree不要藏在树后。
at the back of 表示“在...后部”，是in front of 的反义词。 There is a blackboard at the back of our classroom . 我们教室后部有块黑板。
by 表示“在...旁边” ,与beside 同义。 We live by the river . 我们住在河边。
beside “在...旁边” , 强调靠近。 Who’s that girl beside the boy 在男孩旁边的那个女孩是谁？
near “在...附近”，距离比by 和next to 远 Is there a hospital near her 这儿附近有医院吗？
next to “紧邻，在...旁边”，相当于close to The boy next to her is my classmate .她旁边的那个男孩是我的同班同学。
between “在...之间”，强调两者之间或众多事物的“两两之间” You must choose one between her and me . 你必须在她和我之间选择一个。
among “在...之间”,表示“在三者或三者以上之间” He is the tallest among all the children . 在所有孩子中他是最高的。
around 表示“在...周围”.强调环境 Let’s show you around the city . 让我们带你在市里转转。
into 表示有特定的运动方向，常与动词连用，意为“进入” The hare ran into the forest . 野兔跑进了森林。
out of 表示“从...里面出来” , 与into 意思相反 The hare came oft of its cave . 野兔从它的洞里出来了。
through 表示从内部“穿过” The little dog can go through the hole in the door . 那只小狗能从门洞里钻过去。
across 表示从表面“穿过” Go across the bridge and then turn left 过桥然后左转。
to / toward / towards 表示方向，意为“到（某地）”或“朝，向 ” My father will go to Beijing next week . 下周我爸爸要去北京 。
along 表示“顺着，沿着” Go along this street . 沿着这条街一直走。
基本分类 基本用法 示例
方式介词 with 表示使用的工具或手段，一般接具体的手段或工具。 You must do you exam with a pen 你必须用钢笔答题 。
by 表示一种方式和方法，后面的名词不加冠词，也无复数形式。 by后也可以跟动名词。 They go to work by bike . 他们骑自行车上班。 The old man made a living by selling newspaper . 那位老人以卖报为生。
in 表示用材料或语言等。 You can write in black ink . 你可以用黑色墨水写。 What’s this in English 这个用英语怎么说？
考点二 介词短语辨析
介词在实际运用中常常和名词、形容词、动词等词类构成固定搭配，这些固定搭配在句子中的表现十分活跃。
1. 介词与名词的固定搭配
in a word 总而言之 in life 一生中
in time 及时 at sea 在海上
on time 准时， 按时 in town 在城里
on foot 步行 in English 用英语
in a low voice 小声地
in the distance 在远处 in public 当众
In trouble 处于困境
in the middle of 在...中间
in fact 事实上 in surprise 惊奇地
in a hurry 匆忙，急忙 in the street 在街上
by the way 顺便说 at the meeting 在会上
in the end 最后 in space 在太空
by spaceship 乘坐宇宙飞船
in order 妥当，适宜，正常
on display 陈列，展览
during the day 在白天 at the foot of 在...脚下
in line 成一直线 at the table 在桌子旁边
on show 展出 day by day 日复一日
at school 在上学
in silence 安静地 at the back of 在...后面
in this way 用这种方法
out of breath 上气不接下气
at the same time 同时
on one’s way to 在某人去.....的路上
by hand 手工，亲手交付
by the time 到...时候
by the end of 到...结束时 in the air 在传播中
out of sight 消失，看不见
on duty 值日
out of work 失业
on the left / right 在左/右边
on top of 除...之外
on the other side of 在...的另一边
to one’s surprise /joy 使某人吃惊/高兴的是
2. 介词与形容词的固定搭配
careful about 小心 sure about /of 肯定
certain of 对...有把握
good at 擅长 good fro 对....有好处
famous for 因...而出名 ready for 为...做好了准备
known for 因...而出名 strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
sorry for 对...过意不去 late for 迟到
different from 与...不同 successful in 在....方面成功
interested in 对....感兴趣 disappointed in 对....失望
proud of 为....自豪 tired of 厌倦 afraid of 害怕
short of 短缺 full of 充满 similar to 相似
familiar to 为....所熟悉 satisfied with 对...满意
busy with 忙于 friendly to 对....友好
angry with 生....气
3 介词与动词的固定搭配
laugh at 嘲笑 take part in 参加
think of 想出 go on with 继续
worry about 为....担心 look after 照看，照料
look like 看起来像 look for 寻找
hear from 收到...来信 listen to 听
arrive in 到达（大地方)
arrive at 到达(小地方）
get to 到达 wait for 等候
agree with 同意，赞同 think about 考虑
catch up with 赶上，追上 come from 来自
pay for 支付 shout at 对...叫嚷
talk about 谈论 knock at 敲
play with 玩弄 point at /to 指向
hear of 听说 look forward to 盼望
get on with sb 与某人相处
do well in 在....学/做得好 fall behind 落后
turn ....into ... 把...变成...
help .... with....帮助...做...
take / catch hold of 抓住 decide on 决定
take care of 照顾 hand in 上交
have nothing to do with 与...无关
base sth . on sth 以...为基础
keep out of 使不进入
leave for 离开（去另一个地方)
talk to 与....谈话
go in for 参加考试（或竞赛），爱好
look at 看 speak to sb 对某人说
deal with 处置，对待
fill with 充满，装满
depend on 领先，依赖，取决于
tie ....to .. 把....系在...上
pass on 传递 smile at 对...微笑
believe in 信任 belong to 属于
look around 向四周看 write to 给...写信
regard ....as ... 把...看作.....
易混易错
1. in 和 on的区别
易混词 用法 例句
on the tree 表示枝、叶、果实等长“在树上” There are some apples on the tree 树上有些苹果。
in the tree 表示人或其他东西“在树上” There are some monkeys in the tree. 树上有些猴子。
on the wall 表示东西粘贴或挂“在墙上” There is a picture in the wall 墙上有一幅画。
in the wall 表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上” There is a hole in the wall 墙上有个洞。
2. 表示地点的介词in , on 和to 的区别
易混词 用法 例句
in 表示在某一地区之内的某方位（属于该范围） Fujian is in the southeast of China 福建位于中国的东南部（范围之内）
to 表示在某一地区之处的某方位（不属于该范围） Japan is to the east of China . 日本在中国的东方。 （范围之外，不接壤）
on 表示与某地的毗邻关系 Hebei is on the north of Hunan 湖北在湖南的北部。
3. between 和among 的区别
易混词 用法 例句
between 常指“在....（两者)之间” Mary sits between Lucy and Lily 玛丽坐在露西和莉莉之间。
among 指“在....(三者或三者以上的人或事物）之间”。如果把三者或三者以上的人或事物分别看待，指每两者之间，也可用between . Jim stands among his classmates. 吉姆站在他的同学们中间。
4. across , through , over , past 的区别
易混词 用法 例句
across 含有“从...表面穿过”之意，或指从一边到另一边而时行的动作，表示游渡、乘船过过河的用across He can swim across the river . 他可以游过这条河。
through 含有“从..中间穿过”之意 She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son 她必须拨开人群到达她儿子身边。
over 多指在空间范围上“越过” The plane flew over a line of mountains in the southeast . 飞机从东南部的群山上飞过。
past 指“经过” They walked past a tall tree. 他们走过一棵高高的树。
5. for, to , towards 的区别
易混词 用法 例句
for 常用在leave, start后，表示运动的方向或目的 They’ll leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month . 下个月他们将去北京参会。
to 接在go, come , return , move 等词之后，表示目的地。 When did you return to Guangzhou after the holiday ？假期后，你什么时候返回广州的？
towards 意为“朝，向”，只说明运动的方向，没有“到达”的意思 She walked slowly towards me 她慢慢地向我走来。
6. after 与 behind 的区别
两个词都有“在...后”之意，behind 只表示位置方面的“在....之后”，不能表示时间，而after则表示时间方面的“在...之后”
behind the school 在学校后面 after 5 o’clock 5点以后
7. in , with 和by 表示“用”时的区别
易混词 用法 例句
in 主要表示用语言、声音、原材料等 Can you sing this song in English 你能用英文唱这首歌吗？
with 表示用具体形的东西 I write my homework with a pen 我用钢笔写家庭作业。
by 表示用...手段或方式，后常接动名词 The girl made money by selling flowers 这个女孩靠卖花来赚钱。
8. except 和besides 的区别
易混词 用法 例句
except 表示“除...之外（不再有）”指从整体中排除except所带的人或物，前面常有all， every , any , no 等。 All the students go to the zoo except Jim . 除了吉姆，所有的学生都去动物园了。
besides 表示“除...之外还（包括在内”它的意思是在原来的基础上加上besides所带的人或物，其前常有other , another , any other , a few 等词 I have a few good friends besides you 除了你之外，我还有几好朋友 。
9 at 和to 表行为对象时的区别
易混词 用法 例句
at 与某些动词连用，表攻击的目标，含有某种程度的恶意 Don’t laugh at others. It’s impolite. 不要嘲笑别人，那是不礼貌的。
to 只表示方向，无恶意 She came to me and shook my hand warmly . 她走到我面前并且热情地跟我握手。
10 of和in 用于最高级结构跌区别
易混词 用法 例 句
of 后接数词或可数名词复数 Tom is the tallest boy of the four . 汤姆是这四个男孩中个子最高的。
in 后一般接可数名词的单数形式 Tom is the tallest boy in the class. 汤姆是班里个子最高的男孩。
11 by , in 和on 表旅行方式的区别
易混词 用法 示例
by 不涉及表示交通工具的名词时用by 2 涉及表示交通工具的名词，且该名词为单数形式，前面没有冠词或任何修饰语时用by by ship by plane
on或in 当旅行方式涉及确定的、特指的交通工具时，用on或in,交通工具前应有冠词，物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。在开放型或半开放型工具前用on ,在封闭型工具前用in on my bike , in a car
12 in 与 after 的区别
易混词 用法 示例
in 表示在以此此刻为起点的将来的一个时间段之后，常与将来时连用 in the past 意为“在过去”，与一般过去时连用；in the past/last+时间段， 意为“在过去的...中”，表示现在算起的过去的一段时间，包括此时此刻在内，常与现在完成时连用。 In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our school . 在过去的几年里，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。
after “after+时间段”常与一般过去时连用，”after+时间点 常与一般将来时连用。 We’ll leave after lunch . 我们将在午饭后动身。
13 with 与without 的区别
易混词 用法 示例
with 有“和，附带，带有”之意 with the help of ...在...帮助下，play with 和...玩， talk with 和...谈论
without 有“没有”之意 without help 没有帮助，without breakfast 没吃早餐
14 of sb 与for sb 的区别
(1) of sb 用于It is +adj+of sb to do sth 句型中，形容词为clever, kind , nice 等描述人物性格特征的词，of 后的人物与形容词有主表关系。
It is very kind of you to help the old man .
你帮助那位老人真是太好了。
（2）for sb用于It is adj+for sb to do sth 句型中，形容词为easy, important 等不描述人物性格特征的词，for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。 21世纪教育网版权所有
It is important for us to study hard 对我们来说努力学习很重要。
15 to的两种用法的区别
to 既是介词，又是动词不定式符号。 是动词不定式符号时，后面跟动词原形；是介词时，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。下列含有to 的词组中to 都是介词， 在使用时应特别注意， 如果它们后面跟的是动词，则用动名词形式。 21教育网
pay attention to make a contribution to ... get used to ... prefer ... to ... look forward to ... 21cnjy.com
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专题五 介词题组
单项选择
1. More and more young people go skating ______ winter .
A at B in C. on D to
2. We won ! The honor belongs ______ all the members of our team .
A by B. of C. at D. to
3. Shirley is still waiting for her flight to New York City ______ the airport . 21·cn·jy·com
A at B. under C. on D. with
4. ______ May 5th , 2017, the C919 took off successfully for the first time at Shanghai Pudong International Airport . 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A On B. In C. At D. Of
5. Father brought his little boy to a concert , But he was too young to sit ______ the whole concert
A for B. with C. during D. through
6 China successfully hosted the Belt and Road Forum _____ May , 2017.
A on B. in C. by
7 To my pleasure , my family is always ______ me whatever I decide to do .
A above B. behind C. from D. through
8. When you’re invited to have dinner at home by an American friend , you should be ______ or a little later . It’s different from our Chinese custom .
A on time B on business C. on show
9. Miss Li , _______ , is active all the time . Although she has not been well these days , her class is still full of laughter .
A as you know B. all in all C. to start with
10. I can’t see Lucy because she is _____ the tree.
A in front of B. behind C .next to
11. Grace often gets nervous before she gives a speech ______
A in public B. in total C. in common
12. Class, let’s see who can spell the most words ______ these letters.
A at B. into C. on D. with
13. It’s a good idea to send the old books _______ the children who need them . 21世纪教育网版权所有
A at B of C. to D. by
14. -----Have you got the answer ______ the question 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
----- Not yet .
A on B. with C. about D. to
15. Don’t stay inside _______such a sunny morning . Let’s go out to enjoy the gentle wind and the sweet flowers.
A on B. in C. from
16. The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come ______ four days .
A after B for C. during D. in
17. The “teacher-free exam” means that students take their exams _____ _teachers . Students must be most honest . 【出处：21教育名师】
A without B. against C. through
18. Cambridge is a small city ______ the east of England
A between B. with C. in D. under
19. -----What did you get ______ your birthday , Tony
---- An iPad 3, from my aunt .
A to B. at C. with D. for
20. The teachers hope all of us can hand _____ our homework _____ time every day . 【版权所有：21教育】
A up ; in B. out ; on C. on ; in D. in ; on
21. ----How was your life in England
----Quite different from here . ______ , people there drink tea with milk . 2-1-c-n-j-y
A In my opinion B. To my surprise D. At the beginning
22 Many wild animals are _____ ,and it’s time for us to do whatever we can to protect them
A on duty B. on show C. in order D. in danger 21cnjy.com
23. ----Sally is my best friend . She is always there whenever I’m ______
-----Yeah , A friend in need is a friend indeed . 2·1·c·n·j·y
A in order B. in trouble C. in public
24. I want to know what happened _____my friend . I haven’t heard _____ her recently .
A on; of B. to ; from C. to ; of D. on ; from
25. -----_____my surprise , Jin Ming was chosen into our school football team.
----- Congratulations . He did well ______ playing football when he was very young . I hope he’ll be the best player in our school
A To; of B. At ; at C. To , in D. In ; about
26. Jim sits behind me , so I sit ______ him .
A at the top of B. at the end of C. in the middle of D. in front of
27. Everyone wants to win . But _____ me , the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun . 21教育名师原创作品
A as for B. thanks to C. instead of D. such as
28. ----The ship sinking of Korea teaches us to care for ourselves and the people around us .
----- So it is . ______ , life is the most important to everyone .
A For example B. At last C. After all
29. ----Did you go to the exhibition on May 18th
---- Of course . There were many kinds of Taiwan fruits _____ .
A on show B. on duty C. on business
30. -----Would you please provide us ______ some information about the accident
---- Sure . It happened _____ _the morning of June 5th .
A to ; on B. for ; in C. with ; in D. with ; on 21*cnjy*com
31. Wild animals are our friends . We shouldn’t kill them _____ food or clothing .
A in B. with C. about D. for
32. -----How nice the fish tastes !Could you tell me who taught you to cook it
----- To be honest , I learned it ______ watching TV. I learned to cook many dishes ______ TV. 21·世纪*教育网
A by; in B. by ; on C. in ; on D. in ; in
33. It is often very hot here ______ summer .
A at B. on C. in D. to
34. We should stand ______ line when we are waiting ____ a bus
A on ; for B. in ; for C. in ; on D on ; in
35. High-speed railway between Daqing and Harbin went into operation _______ August 17th , 2015
A in B. of C.on D. at
36. ----Excuse me . Could you tell me the way to the park
----Walk _______ Yingchun Road , and soon you will find it near Yingchun Bridge .
A through B. in C. over D. along
37. Mrs Wang planned to go hiking with her two daughters . But they stayed at home and watched videos ______ going out to relax because of the rainy day .
A instead of B. thanks to C. as for
38 We sent Tiangong-1 into space ______ September 29th .
A by B. on C. at D. in
39. ----What did you do on April Fool’s Day
----I played a trick _____ my brother .
A on B. to C. with D. at
40. It’s warm here all year round . The temperature is never _____ 0℃ even in winter . www-2-1-cnjy-com
A above B. on C. under D. below
41. -----Everyone has handed in the test paper _____ Billy .
---- He hasn’t finished it yet .
A besides B. except C with D. beside
42. -----What are the two postcards ________
----- They have the same colour and places of interest on them .
A in common B. in time
C in all D. in a word
43 ----I don’t think university students should have part-time jobs.
---- I’m _______ you . That will be a good experience for them .
A for B. with C. against D. without
44. ----When did your uncle arrive _______ China
---- _______ April .
A at ; In B. in ; In C. in ; On
45. A terrible earthquake happened in Nepal______ a terrible morning .
A on B. in C. at D. from
46 Tom’s father works _______ a chief engineer _____ a big company .
A for ; as B as ; as C. as ; for D. for ; in 21教育网
47. We live right here ! The house on the other side of the street is my uncle’s . His house is _______ ours .
A in front of B. next to C. behind D. opposite
48. Our school sports meeting will be held ______ the coming April .
A on B. in C. at D. to
49. The moves was so funny that all of us kept laughing _____ stopping .
A for B. by C. with D without
50 If you get on well _____ your classmates , you’ll enjoy your school life more . www.21-cn-jy.com
A to B. at C. with D. in
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