选修8Unit 1 A land of diversity Learning about Language课时同步练习

Unit 1 A land of diversity
第2节 Learning about Language
一、单词拼写
1．As soon as I'd got through________(海关)I felt at home．
2．Her parents are both________(社会主义者)．
3．He reported on the whole event to the________(副的)primer．
4．Go straight ahead and turn left at the second________(十字路口)．
5．The possibility that she might be wrong never even o________to her．
6．There were over 500________(申请人)for the job．
7．My little________(侄子)is very naughty．
8．It was a________that he knew nothing about the plan．
【答案】
1. customs　 2. socialists　 3. vice　 4. crossing　
5. occurred　 6. applicants　 7. nephew　 8. apparent
二、完成句子
1．It's not certain __________________ (哪支队会赢得这场比赛)．
2．________________ (运动会是否要推迟) hasn't been decided.
3．The reason was ________________ (由于下大雨他发高烧了)．
4．I'm always wondering ________________ (你是如何一直保持高昂情绪的)．
5．Philip finally found out ________________ (在哪里他可以弄到那本书)．
【答案】
1．which team will win the game
2．Whether the sports meeting will be put off
3．that he had a high fever because of the heavy rain
4．how you keep high spirits all the time
5．where he could get the book
三、用适当的连接词填空
1．________he will come hasn't been decided．
2．________we do must be in the interests of the people．
3．________surprised me most was that she didn't even know where the difference between the two lines．
4．It worried her a bit________her hair was turning grey．
5．The difficulty we now meet with is________we can persuade him to tell us the truth．
6．Pudong Developmental Zone is no longer________it used to be．
7．He was born in 1821 in a rich family in________is now the state of Virginia．
8．We haven't decided to take your proposal yet．All depends on________it is practical．
9．________made the school proud was ________more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key
universities．
10．I was surprised by her words，________made me recognize________silly mistakes I had made．
【答案】
1.Whether/How/When　 2. Whatever　 3. What
4. that　 5. how　 6. what　 7. what　 8. whether　
9. What；that　 10. which；what
四、语法与写作(根据要求翻译句子)
1. 我认为帮助父母做家务是我们的职责。(宾语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
2. 我就是这样看待这幅画的。(表语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
3. 我知道是因为我在课后没有花大量时间记忆它们。(宾语从句、表语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
4. 我在购物前，我要列一下孩子们下一个季节需要的东西。(宾语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
5. 最使我们激动的是他在数学竞赛中获得了第一。(主语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
6. 他不及格的原因是他以前没有努力学习。(表语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. I think that it’s our duty to help parents do some housework.
2. This is how I am thinking about the picture.
3. I know that it is because I don’t spend much time memorizing them after class.
4. Before I go shopping，I’ll make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season.
5. What excited us most was that he had won the first in the math competition.
6. The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he hadn’t studied hard before.
五、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The aggressive spread of market economics and communication technologies—often under the control of Western multinational companies—brings new challenges to local cultures and values in non-Western societies. Sometimes it seems as if a tidal wave of the worst Western culture is creeping across the globe like a giant strawberry milkshake spill oat and over the planet, with a flavor that is distinctly sweet, sickly and apparently homogeneous (同质的).
For some, especially the young, change may mean escape from oppressive traditions. It may also bring new opportunities for cultures to be combined in creative ways. However, there is genuine cause for concern about the rate at which cultures are being worn away in such a globalized world.
Perhaps by far the most important far-reaching effect of cultural globalization is the commercialization of culture, which has a disturbing impact on local people’s existing values. They are increasingly bombarded with new images, new music, new clothes and new values. The familiar and old are to be abandoned. While there was cultural change long before globalization, there is a danger that much will be lost simply because it is not valued by global markets. In West Africa for example, traditional values have been overtaken by Coca-Cola culture which the local people don’t yet have the values to deal with successfully.
Another common aspect of the globalized culture is that it pursues (追求) the same "one size fits all" American ideal. The result of this cultural process of homogenization is that a large section of the world’s population dreams of living like Cosby & Co. or like the characters in any other stereotype American soap opera. In addition, the dream of living a better life causes thousands of people to move to already overcrowded cities whose population has boomed by millions within the last decades. The majority of these new immigrants end up in slums leading to poverty, pollution and misery.
Such gradual aggression against people’s existing values and cultures has a destructive impact on their sense of who they are, what they want and what they respect. It attacks spiritual values and faith traditions. The accumulative (累积的)effect in non-Western societies is a crisis of cultural confidence, combined with the increased economic uncertainty and crime which global integration (一体化)may bring. This creates real problems for social stability whether it is at the level of nation, community or family.
In conclusion, cultural globalization，or worldwide McDonaldization, destroys diversity and displaces the opportunity to sustain decent life through a mixture of many different cultures. It is more a consequence of power concentration in the global media and manufacturing companies than the people’s own wish to abandon their cultural identity and diversity,
1. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that ______.
A. non-Western societies willingly accept economic globalization
B. Western culture unites the world、economies and technologies
C. the booming of Western culture destroys non-Western societies
D. despite its appeal, westernization shows an unpleasant uniformity
2. Which best serves as an example of the"one size fits all" principle in non-Western nations
A. McDonald receives more criticism abroad than at home.
B. Many Africans dream of a middle class American lifestyle.
C. Chinese food wins great approval in the United Kingdom.
D. Some western young people fancy a visit to African countries,
3. What is the writer’s attitude towards cultural globalization
A. Cautious. B. Critical. C. Positive. D. Neutral.
4. The passage is mainly about _______.
A. cultural diversity in globalization
B. challenges to non-Western cultures
C. drawbacks of cultural globalization
D. disappearance of non-Western cultures
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了文化全球化的不利影响，它破坏了文化的多样性。
2. B【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“The result of this cultural process of homogenization is that a large section of the world’s population dreams of living like Cosby & Co. or like the characters in any other stereotype American soap opera.”可知，受文化全球化的影响，很多人都想过Cosby & Co或肥皂剧中人 物那样的生活，最好的体现就是很多非洲人梦想着过美国中产阶级的生活。
4. C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的“In conclusion, cultural globalization，or worldwide McDonaldization, destroys diversity and displaces the opportunity to sustain decent life through a mixture of many different cultures”可知，本文主要介绍了文化全球化的不利影响，它破坏了文化的多样性。
B
Have you ever been to an Irish wedding I have just returned from one. It is a quarter to five in the morning: the sun has already climbed about the horizon; the birds are busy celebrating the new day and have eagerly been in search of food. But some of the guests have not yet left. They are still prolonging the night: dancing, singing, gossiping, putting off the unfortunate necessity of undertaking a day's work in the fields after a sleepless night.
Throughout most of her life, Bridget Mary, the bride, has been living in the small whitewashed thatched cottage I have just left. Twelve children have been brought up there but only two are still living at home. The eldest son, heir (继承人) to the small farm, is helping his father with the farm work (they employ no farm laborers); the youngest daughter is still at school. Two years ago, Bridget Mary went to England to take up domestic work in a hospital and it was while she was living there that she met her future husband, Terry. He himself is an Irishman who used to live in Dublin and now has a well paid job in a light engineering works in England. They got engaged and started saving. Now they are thinking of buying a small house near Terry's factory.
The wedding ceremony was performed in the church in the nearest town at half past eight yesterday morning. Another couple were being married at the same time. Nobody worried about the cost of the celebrations：four luxurious cars brought bride, bridegroom, family and friends home, and forty people were crowded into the tiled kitchen and the tiny living room, hung with framed school certificates and religious pictures. A big meal was given; the wedding cake was cut and toasts were drunk in whisky or sherry(葡萄酒). And while the remains of the feast were being cleared away and the rooms swept, the four cars set out again, taking the married couple and relations for a drive round the countryside.
5. What makes it clear that this is a country wedding
A. People are up so early.
B. Birds are singing.
C. The people's occupations.
D. The bride is one of a large family.
6. No farm laborers are employed because ________.
A. they are not needed
B. the child can help
C. there are none available
D. the family is too poor
7. The young couple will not live on the farm after their marriage because ________.
A. there is no room for them
B. they have a house in England
C. they are both employed elsewhere
D. it's the bride's brother who will inherit(继承) the farm
8. Why were the guests taken for a ride round the countryside
A. To give them an opportunity of seeing the surroundings.
B. To get them out of the way.
C. To enable the neighbours to see the married people.
D. As a way of passing the time.
【语篇解读】本文介绍爱尔兰的婚礼风俗。
5. C【解析】细节理解题。A、B、D并不能体现出是农村的婚礼。第一段最后一句中“the unfortunate necessity of undertaking a day's work in the fields after a sleepless night”从人们的职业“在田里劳动”可知，这是一场 农村婚礼。故选C。
8. B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一句“And while the remains of the feast were being cleared away and the rooms swept, the four cars set out again, taking the married couple and relations for a drive round the countryside.”可知酒席被清理，房间被打扫干净，客人们坐车主要是顺路搭便车回家。故选B。
六、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Founded in 1917, Deep Springs College is a unique institution of higher learning. The 　1　program is built upon three pillars: academics, self-government, and 　2　. The school is located 40 miles from Bishop, California on a 　3　cattle ranch (牧场) in Deep Springs Valley.
Between 12 and 15 students are 　4　each year. A scholarship covers the costs of tuition, room, and board for every student offered admission. 　5　, Deep Springs students are expected to 　6　themselves to lives of service to humanity. Male graduates have gone on to show this goal in a wide variety of 　7　, including politics, science, journalism, academics, agriculture, medicine, law, business and design.
Most academic 　8　have fewer than eight students and require a high level of student participation, mainly in seminar-style (研讨会式的) discussion. Professors are attracted by the 　9　motivated students and the close intellectual relationships that can be formed. Topics 　10　throughout the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Credits from the two-year program can be used to 　11　an Associate of Arts or transferred toward pursuit of a bachelor’s degree at another 　12　.
The Student Body, which 　13　between 24 and 30 members, is responsible for deciding admissions, hiring faculty, 　14　student performance, and many other aspects of running the college. 　15　academics and self-government, students are expected to 　16　labor for at least 20 hours each week. Labor includes farm and ranch work, but also other daily 　17　such as cooking, cleaning, and maintaining facilities and vehicles. The labor done by students 　18　is considered to be essential to the program.
Until 2011 the Student Body was all-male. 　19　from female students would not be accepted. "It’s hard to decide 　20　the college will be allowed to admit female students in the future," said one of the leaders. But now the college has already accepted female students.
1. A. optional B. economic C. conventional D. educational
2. A. communication B. quality C. labor D. volunteering
3. A. rough B. distant C. noisy D. busy
4. A. demanded B. acknowledged C. recognized D. admitted
5. A. In exchange B. In particular C. In brief D. In other words
6. A. devote B. invite C. attract D. treat
7. A. positions B. fields C. methods D. factors
8. A. qualifications B. atmospheres C. classes D. records
9. A. freely B. generally C. highly D. partly
10. A. change B. function C. count D. range
11. A. start B. earn C. consider D. invest
12. A. university B. farm C. country D. hometown
13. A. describes B. seats C. contains D. expects
14. A. reminding B. punishing C. witnessing D. reviewing
15. A. On account of B. In addition to C. With regard to D. By way of
16. A. join in B. bring about C. pick out D. call for
17. A. items B. tasks C. adventures D. habits
18. A. casually B. accidentally C. carefully D. practically
19. A. Suggestions B. Programs C. Donations D. Applications
20. A. whether B. that C. how D. what
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了美国"深泉学院"的招生宗旨、教学目标等相关信息。
3. B 根据句中的"40 miles from Bishop, California"和"in Deep Springs Valley"可知,此处指深泉学院坐落 在一个遥远的(distant)牧场上。
4. D 根据下文中的"the costs of tuition, room, and board for every student offered admission"可知,这里指的 是每年有12至15名学生被录取(admitted)。
5. A 根据上下文可知,此处表示作为交换(In exchange)。
6. A 根据语境可知,此处指学生需要投入到造福人类的服务中去。
7. B 根据下文中的"including politics, science, journalism, academics, agriculture, medicine, law, business and design"可知,field"领域"符合语境。
8. C 根据后文中的"fewer than eight students and require a high level of student participation, mainly in seminar-style (研讨会式的) discussion"可知,class"班级"符合语境。
9. C 根据句中的"Professors are attracted "和"close intellectual relationships"可知,教授会被这些积极性非 常高的学生所吸引。
10. D 根据句中的"throughout the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences"可知,这里指的是学生们 所学习的内容包括(range)很多方面。
11. B 根据本句中"an Associate of Arts ""a bachelor’s degree"可知,此处指学生可以获得准学士学位,或到别 的大学继续攻读学士学位。
15. B 根据下文中的"academics and self-government ... each week"可知,此处指除了学习和自我管理之外。 in addition to"除了……之外"。
16. A 根据语境可知,此处指学生们要参与到劳动中。join in"参加,加入"。
17. B 根据句中的"such as cooking, cleaning, and maintaining facilities and vehicles"可知,劳动还包括其他的 日常任务。task"工作,任务"。
18. D 根据语境可知,此处指学生实际(practically)参加的一些劳动。
19. D 根据前文的"Until 2011 the Student Body was all-male"可知,此处表示来自女学生的申请(Applications) 是不会被接受的。
20. A 根据语境可知,此处表示该校将来是否招收女学生还不好说。whether在此引导宾语从句,意为"是否"。
七、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I have to remind myself 　1　(constant) that I am taking up this prize and I’m really in the year of AD 3008.
I suffered from "time lag" that I kept getting flashbacks from previous time period. We climbed in a capsule through a small 　2　(open). It was very comfortable. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. At first, the 　3　(surround) were hard to tolerate. Because of the lack of fresh air, I got a headache. So I put 　4　a mask. Then I followed Wang Ping to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by 　5　(press) down in the seat, we can move swiftly. Wang Ping showed me 　6　to use it, but I lost sight if him when we reached a place where many carriages flew by 　7　all directions. Later we arrived at a strange-looking house 　8　had a green wall made of trees. A table and some chairs could rise from under the floor by flashing a switch on a computer screen. I 　9　_(exhaust) that night and fell 　10　(sleep) quickly.
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一次奇异的未来世界之旅。
1. constantly 考查副词。修饰动词remind用副词，故填constantly。
4. on 考查介词。put on是固定短语，表示“穿上”，故填on。
5. pressing 考查非谓语动词。介词by后接动名词作宾语，故填pressing。
6. how 考查宾语从句。此处为宾语从句，how 作状语，表示“如何使用它”，故填how。
7. in 考查介词。in all directions是固定短语，表示“四面八方”，故填in。
8. that/which 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，先行词为a strange-looking house，指物，关系词在从 句中作主语，故填that/which。
9. was exhausted 考查时态和形容词。发生在过去的事情应该用一般过去时，exhausted是形容词，表示“人 筋疲力尽的”，故填was exhausted。
10. asleep 考查形容词。fall asleep是固定短语，表示“入睡”，故填asleep。