2018年高考英语四轮复习押高考英语阅读理解D篇

2018年5月11日

高考频度：★★★★★ 难易程度：★★★☆☆
【考点猜想】
近两年新课标卷D篇以说明文为主。2016年I卷是说明文，主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵；II卷是记叙文，由影集引入历史上去南极洲探险的事迹；III卷是说明文，讲述了科学家对大众媒体的新发现——坏消息比好消息传递快。2017年都是科普说明文，I卷主要介绍了自制蒸馏器的方法和步骤，II卷介绍了植物受到虫子攻击时如何保护自己，III卷介绍了智能交通团队建立移动实验室帮助老年人解决驾驶问题。预测2018年高考新课标卷D篇仍是说明文，难度应该是最高的，不过也可能回归议论文这一常见体裁。

A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container — perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.
32. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?
A. It’s delicate. B. It’s expensive.
C. It’s complex. . D. It’s portable.
33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The tube. B. The still.
C. The hole. D. The cup.
34. What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?
A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the cup in place.
C. Weight the sheet’s center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
35. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from .
A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole
C. the open air D. beneath the sheet
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一种自己可以亲手制作的简单易行的太阳能蒸馏器的方法，并介绍了它的工作原理。这种蒸馏器所需的材料简单，适用于任何缺水的地方。

【应试必备】
? 阅读时可以使用以下几种方法：
1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择地阅读，寻找关键词。
2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法，即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读。目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。
3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章全部意义的理解与掌握。

Passage1
For many creatures, the ocean is a terrifying place. Several marine animals have declined as a result of overfishing and pollution. But cephalopods(头足动物) — a type of invertebrate(无脊椎动物) that includes octopuses, cuttlefish, and squid, have seen a dramatic increase in their numbers over the past 60 years.
Zoe Doubleday, a scientist at the University of Adelaide, in Australia, conducted a study of cephalopods recently. She points out that their population rise is due to the animals’ unique traits.
The creatures can change their color and body shape. They are fast-growing and live for only one or two years. "This allows them to adapt to changing environmental conditions more quickly than other marine species," Doubleday says.
"Rising sea temperatures may be speeding up the animals’ life cycle. They may be growing faster and producing more young. "
Cephalopods live in all of the world’s oceans. They can be found in waters from the freezing polar regions to the warm tropic regions. Because they adapt so easily to their environment, the animals are called "the weed of the sea" .
Will octopuses, cuttlefish, and squid take over the world one day? Some people may wonder. According to Doubleday, that is unlikely. The rise in cephalopod populations could slow down if the animals run out of prey(被捕食的动物) and start feeding on one another. Overfishing could also have an impact on their numbers.
For now, the cephalopod population boom is good news for them and some other sea creatures. "Increases in cephalopod populations could benefit predators(捕食性动物) such as marine mammals and seabirds, which rely on cephalopods for food," Doubleday says.
1.What has caused the number of some marine animals to reduce?
A. Ship transportation. B. Global oil production.
C. Rising sea temperatures. D. Overfishing and pollution.
2.The underlined word "traits" in Paragraph 2 probably means "________".
A. habits B. features C. hobbies D. looks
3.According to Doubleday, cephalopods ________.
A. have a very long life cycle B. change their shapes with season
C. prefer to live in the warm waters D. adapt to the environment quickly
4.Which would be the best title of the text?
A. Cephalopods B. Weed of the Sea
C. Who will take over the world? D. The problems faced by marine animals
Passage2
You use her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot（虚拟聊天机器人）.
Xiaoice, Microsoft’s latest artificial intelligence robot, was briefly released in 2014, and returned to WeChat in 2015, where she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily, The New York Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations with Xiaoice.
＂Her incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with Xiaoice,＂ Liu Jinchang, a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology, told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis（表情符号） in conversations, Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily reported.
Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top tech companies, they are becoming smarter and more common. For instance, IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australia’s Deakin University, answering students’questions about course schedules and financial aid. Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users.
These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, The New York Times pointed out. However, it may take decades before scientists develop a ＂Samantha＂, the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction film Her. In the film, Samantha has a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many viewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mates.
1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. She became a best seller.
B. She became very powerful.
C. She became a money maker.
D. She became very popular.
2.Which of the following can Xiaoice do?
A. Do housework.
B. Spread messages.
C. Identify various photos.
D. Read news to its users.
3.Which company’s chatbot program can act as an academic consultant?
A. Microsoft. B. IBM. C. Apple. D. Amazon.
4.What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A. Chatbots will be applied to cars soon.
B. Chatbots mainly run on smartphones now.
C. Samantha is played by a US actor in the film.
D. The film Her doesn’t interest many audience.

Passage 1
【文章大意】这是一篇有关海洋生态环境的说明文。目前，由于过度捕捞及海洋环境污染，很多海洋生物数量锐减，但是头足动物的数量却是不断增加。这些动物会不会将来统治海洋，甚至全世界呢？让我们拭目以待。

3.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中的"This allows them to adapt to changing environmental conditions more quickly than other marine species" 可知，cephalopods可以快速适应环境，故选D。
4.D 【解析】标题归纳题。结合上下文可知，本文主要讲的是目前海洋生物所面临的问题，因此最佳标题为D。
Passage2
【文章大意】本文讲述的是人工智能程序的发展情况。列举了微信上的聊天程序大受欢迎，IBM的人工智能程序能成为顾问，但是目前这种程序主要应用在智能手机上，人们期待它将来可以在手机以外的地方使用。


进步，在于总结。我在这，总结在哪儿？
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