2018年高考英语四轮复习押高考英语阅读理解B篇

2018年5月8日

高考频度：★★★★★ 难易程度：★★★☆☆
【考点猜想】
近年的新课标全国卷的阅读理解B篇都是记叙文或说明文。例如2017年全国I卷B篇主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新窝，帮助它回到父母身边的故事；2017年全国Ⅱ卷B篇主要讲述了作者与Paul的相识及他们之间建立友谊的原因。根据文章，通常设计4个小题，以细节理解和推理判断为主。预测2018年全国卷会延续这种选材方式和考点设置。

Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:＂Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.＂
A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.
Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ＂But I’m just not creative.＂
＂Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?＂
＂Oh, sure.＂
＂So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.＂ The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. ＂That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?＂
＂Nobody. I do it.＂
＂Really-at night, when you’re asleep?＂
＂Sure.＂
＂Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?＂
25. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________?
A. know more about the students.
B. make the lessons more exciting.
C. raise the students’ interest in art.
D. teach the students about toy design.
26. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. He liked to help his teacher. B. He preferred to study alone.
C. He was active in class. D. He was imaginative.
27. What does the underlined word ＂downside＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Mistake. B. Drawback.
C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
28. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?
A. To help them to see their creativity.
B. To find out about their sleeping habits.
C. To help them to improve their memory.
D. To find out about their ways of thinking.
【文章大意】本文属于记叙文，作者通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。
和想象力的梦，并鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把梦的内容做出来。作者这样做的目的就是为了让他们发现自己的创造性和想象力。故A正确。
【应试必备】
要熟练掌握记叙文的阅读技巧，了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。
一、记叙文写作特点
记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。
就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓＂一篇之妙，在于落句＂。
二、记叙文命题特点
从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。
三、记叙文答题技巧
一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。
No.1 顺藤摸瓜?
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
No.2 左顾右盼?
在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
No.3 刨根问底?
如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如＂What can be inferred from …?＂或是What does the author imply in…?＂之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
No.4 拨云见日?
每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。
这时，你不仅需要＂左顾右盼＂，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。

Passage1
I was in the Santa Cruz Mountains not long ago, speaking and singing at a women’s conference. We were focusing on the theme of loving others in practical ways through our gifts, and something in particular happened during one of the sessions will remain imprinted in my memory.
A young Syrian woman (Lilith) was invited to the conference at the last minute, and everyone seemed surprised and delighted that she’d actually come. Just a few days earlier, Lilith had fled her country and found refuge with one of the women attending the conference. As an Orthodox Christian in Syria, she and her loved ones had become attacked targets of violent terrorist groups in the country’s ongoing civil war.
Lilith had witnessed horrors no one of her young age should ever see. Despite the further danger it presented, she’d decided to leave her home and her family to find safety here in America. Knowing some of her story, and seeing her sitting through the sessions at the retreat — head, covered in a scarf, bowed toward the floor — broke my heart. Zxx！k
Lilith’s story touched all of us, including Pam, who was a quilt maker. Pam had just finished a beautiful quilt, and had brought it with her. She, along with a few of the leaders, decided to give it to Lilith as a symbol of their comfort and love. Lilith had left her own mother behind in her homeland, and I can’t imagine how frightened and alone she felt. But I could see there were lots of ＂mamas＂ in this community of women who were more than ready to love her.
During our last session, Lilith was called forward and prayed over, hugged, and wrapped up in that beautiful quilt. I thought of the many hours Pam undoubtedly spent working on it, and the terrible events that led Lilith to this moment — surrounded by the beauty and love the quilt embodied. I wept. When they told her it was for her, she wept.
1.What is the purpose of the women’s conference?
A. To help others in a practical way.
B. To win equal rights for women.
C. To get together to dance and sing.
D. To exchange gifts with each other.
2.Why did Lilith go to America?
A. To attend the women’s conference. B. To find safety.
C. To find her family. D. To find a better job.
3.The underlined phrase ＂at the retreat＂ is most closest to ＂ ＂ in meaning.
A. hang back B. hide from others
C. bravely enough D. full of sadness
4.From this passage, we know that the writer is .
A. enthusiastic B. sympathetic
C. intelligent D. talented
Passage2
It was a cold and wet night. I had just left a local club to travel home when I lost control of my car. I crashed into a car, then hit a tree. The force was so great that it shunted(使移开) the parked car several meters forwards. I was knocked out cold. Worse still, I had no idea that a fire had started under the bonnet(引擎盖)of my car. It then set the tree on fire.
Driving in the car behind me was a young man, who I later found out was called Jared. He saw the accident occur, and stopped to help me out of the burning car. He put his own life in danger when he got into the back seat to try to undo my seat belt. This wasn’t easy because I’d hit the car on my driver’s side and my seat belt was squeezed into the console(操纵台).
With my seat belt undone, Jared then hit open the driver’s window to drag me out as I had still not regained consciousness. He bravely did this while my car and the tree were burning. Woken by the crash, the homeowners came out to investigate. Jared told them to ring emergency services. I was rushed to the Royal Adelaide Hospital in a serious condition. I eventually woke up a day later.
I owe my life to Jared and I consider him a friend due to the special bond. Jared says that although the events of that night initially shocked him, he never once hesitated to help. In addition, he doesn’t believe that he did anything special.
1.What happened to the author in the crash?
A. He was knocked out of his car. B. He was knocked unconscious.
C. He felt cold because of bleeding. D. He climbed on the tree to escape fire.
2.Why did Jared get into the back seat?
A. To unfasten the author’s seat belt. B. To get the author out of the car.
C. To help the author drive the car safely. D. To put out the burning fire in the car.
3.What is the special bond for the author?
A. Jared’s noble character. B. The motivation for Jared’s behavior.
C. Jared’s dragging him to safety. D. His making friends with Jared.
4.Which is the best title for the passage?
A.A narrow escape from death B.A courageous crash rescue
C. Jared, my best friend D.A frightening car fire

Passage 1
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了自己参加爱心妇女大会的经历。叙利亚女子Lilith为了躲避恐怖分子的袭击，来到美国寻求庇护，并得到了作者及其他女士的帮助。

3.A 【解析】短语猜测题。根据该短语后面的内容——头上包着围巾，头压得很低可知，她在会议上畏缩不前，所以该短语的意义是hang back。
4.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的＂broke my heart＂和文章最后的＂I wept＂可以推知，作者富有同情心。
Passage2
【文章大意】本文是记叙文。作者遭遇车祸，失去了知觉。在汽车起火的危急时刻，年轻的Jared不顾自身安危，勇敢地对作者施以援救之手，最终挽救了作者的生命。

进步，在于总结。我在这，总结在哪儿？
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