高中英语情态动词的用法（30张PPT）

课件30张PPT。Grammar---情态动词概念： 表说话的语气，态度和看法，意愿等的词。
特点：
1. 没有人称和数的变化
2. 不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语，接动词原形
3. 变疑问句和否定句时，不需助动词，将情态动词直接移动至主语前变为疑问句，直接在情态动词后加not变否定
只作情态动词的 can/could, may/might, ought to, must可情态可实义的　 need, dare/dared可情态可助动词的　shall/should, will/would·情态动词的语法特征情态动词用法 (一)1. can/could
(1) 表能力；could为过去
I can easily tell my father's step.
Mozart could play the piano at the age of 3.
(2) 表许可，不拘礼节时用can,委婉时用could.
---Can /Could I use your phone?（请求许可）
---Yes, of course you can.
You can have a short holiday after this item of work. (给予许可）
These days children can do whatever they want. （陈述许可）
（3）can 与could表示“有时会”
It can get quite cold here at night
James could be very annoying sometimes(3) can的习惯用法
can but /only 只好，最多不过
We can but do our best.
cannot help but +do原
cannot help doing
不得不，不禁
I cannot help but often think of my parents.
I couldn't help laughing at this.
cannot....too 无论....都不过分；越....越好
not 可换成never
We cannot thank you too much for what you have done for us.
You can never do the work too well.3. must/have to
（1）必须，must 侧重主观，have to侧重客观
We must rely on ourselves.
I can't see things clearly, so I have to wear glasses.
(2)must 的否定为must not/mustn't, 意为禁止，不许
have to 的否定为don't have to, 意为不必
You mustn't take the books out of the reading room.
You don't have to go now.
回答含有must 的问句时，肯定用must,
否定用needn't /don't have to
Must I finish my work today?
Yes, you must
No, you needn't/ don't have to4. shall
(1) 一，三人称做主语的疑问句中，表征求意见或请求
Shall I change into the evening dress for your party?
Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?
(2) 二，三人称称述句中，表许诺，命令，警告，威胁等
You shall get an answer from me tomorrow.
You shall be punished for what you have done.5. should
（1）作为shall 的过去，用于一，三人称的问句中，多用于间接引语，征求意见。
Mr Lee asked if should get his visa on time.
(2) 表义务，职责
The children should be taken good care of.
(3) 提供帮助、建议
Should I help you with the community affairs？
（4）表惊奇，愤怒，失望等情感
It is surprising that Mary should love such a person as Jack.6. ought to
否定: ought not to/ oughtn't to
疑问：将ought置于主语前
You ought not to be late for such an important meeting.
ought I to hand in my composition now?7. will和would：
I will tell you something important.
我将要告诉你一些重要的事Will you tell her that I'm here?
请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗?
I told him not to do it, but he would.? （助动词）?（情态动词）will是助动词或是情态动词
用于构成将来时是助动词。
用于表“意志/决心/请求”是情态动词。
would亦同理，只是表过去。7. will / would
(1) 表意愿，would为过去
---Can someone help me?
---I will.
They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.
(2) 与you连用，表请求、要求，won't you 加强语气；would 比will更委婉
Will/Would you come this way ,please?
Won't you come in and take a seat?
(3) will表规律性，“注定会'
Oil will float on water.
(4) 表习惯或特征，would用于过去
This old man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything.Dare情态动词
I daren't go out alone at night.
How dare you speak to your fathere like that?
实义动词
dare to do.
He dares to speak whatever he wants to say.
I don't dare to complain.Needneed to be done/ doing
需要....情态动词（二）---情态动词表推测对现在肯定推测
may/might be +表语
may/might be doing
must do
must be doing
John is absent. He may/might be ill..
Let's speed up. They may/might be waiting for us now.
You must be ill. I can see it from your face.
George must be sleeping now.对现在的否定推测
can't be doing
can't be +表语
You can't be hungry already---you had lunch only 2 hours ago.
It can't be my father. He is now abroad.
对过去的肯定推测
may/might have done
must have done
I can't find my sunglasses. I may/might have left them in your office.
You must have gone to bed late last night. Your eyes are red.对过去的否定推测
can't have done(或者用于疑问句)
---Where can Mary have gone?
---She can't have gone to school. It's sunday情态动词（三）---Modal verbs+have donecould have done 本来有可能发生，但事实上未发生
He could have sent a message.
should have done / ought to have done本应该做而未做
You should have invited me to the party yesterday.
You are late. You ought to have arrived 5 minutes earlier.
needn't have done 本没有必要做而做了
I actually needn't have bought so much wine.Practice一、用恰当的情态动词完成下列句子:
1. The traffic is heavy these days. I _____________ (有可能要迟到) a bit late, so could you save a place? (arrive)
2. — Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
— She __________ (一定在) in the classroom .I saw her there just now. might/ may arrive must be 3. What do you mean. There are only ten tickets. _______________ (应该有) 12 tickets. (there)
4. Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they ______________ (可能只是) quiet people.
5. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. ________________ (怎么会) that he was late for the opening ceremony.
6.Helen ______________ (可能会去) on the trip with us, but she isn't quite sure yet. There should be might/ may just be How can it be might/ may go 7. ____________________ (不应该有什么) difficulty about passing the road test since you practiced a lot in the driving school.
8. — Do you know where David is ?I could not find him anywhere.
— Well, He _______________________ (不可能走远), his coat is still here. (go)
9. I am not feeling well in the stomach. I ______________________ (不该吃) so much fried chicken just now. (eat) There shouldn’t be any can’t have gone far shouldn’t have eaten 10. The doctor advised that you __________ (不可游泳) swim after eating a large meal.
11. — It's the office. So you __________ (一定知道) eating is not allowed here.
— oh. Sorry.
12. — I didn't care about what other people thought.
— Well. You ________ （本应该的 (should) not must know should have 13. You ____________________ (千万不要碰) the fire. It is dangerous.
14. — Must I come for my photo?
— No, _______ (不必要). I can telephone you.
15. Since the ground is wet. It __________ (一定下过雨) last night.
16. — Are you coming to Jeff's party ?
— I am not sure. I________________ (可能会去) to the concert instead. (go) mustn’t /can’t touch needn’t must have rained might/ may go 17. You __________________ (一定没有累), you’ve only been working for an hour. (tired)
18. — Some is knocking at the door.
— ______________ (会是谁) at this hour of day？
19. Johnson ________________ (一定不是) a policeman. He is too short.
20. I didn't hear the telephone. I ______________________ (一定是睡着了) (asleep). can’t be tired Who can it be can’t be must have been asleep 二、用情态动词翻译下列句子：
1. 你无论怎样表扬他也不为过。(can't...too much )
____________________________________.
2. 有时他常坐在那几个小时，啥也不做。(would)
_____________________________________________________.
3. 如果你不努力学习，考试就不会及格。(should) You can't praise him too much. he would sit there for hours something, doing nothing. If you don’t work hard, you should fail the exam.4. 我一定要尽全力帮你。(will)
____________________________________.
5. 就这儿过去有座古庙。(used to be)
____________________________________.
6. 事故随时会发生。（at any time）
_____________________________________
7. 昨天你不可能看见了我们的语文老师，因为现在他还在上海.(could)
_______________________________________ _______________________________________. I will do my best to help you. There used to be an old temple (right) here Accidents can happen at any time You couldn’t have seen our Chinese teacher, for he is still in Shanghai
8. 我本来应该帮帮你的。但我昨天太忙。(should)
___________________________________________________.
9.昨晚一定下雨了的,因为地上是湿的。(must)
__________________________ ___________________ I should have helped you, but I was toobusy yesterday It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.Thank You！