课件17张PPT。专题二 介词和介词短语考向分析
介词是每年高考语法填空和短文改错两个题型中的高频考点之一,考查 内容主要涉及in,for,with,by,to等介词的用法及介词在介词短语或动词 短语中的用法等。考点清单
一、单一介词用法单句填空
1.(2017课标全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical communi-ty (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
答案 as 根据语境“作为抵抗心脏病的一种方式”,并结合空格处的 作用可知,介词as符合题意。故空格处填as。2.When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be
among trees that are over 1,000 years old.答案 among 句意:当你开车穿越加利福尼亚州的红杉林时,你会置身 于树龄超过一千年的树木之中。设空处应该用介词表示“在……之 中”,故用among。
3.The Scottish girl with blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.
答案 with 句意:在第五届汉语演讲比赛中,那位有着一双蓝色眼睛 的苏格兰姑娘获得了一等奖。with表示“具有”。
单句改错
4.(2017课标全国卷Ⅱ)They have also bought for some gardening tools.
删除for
答案 删除for 在题干中,bought为及物动词,之后可直接跟名词作宾 语,故删除介词for。1.七个常考介词用法
1.against
(表示方位)倚靠着……;(表示态度)反对;以……为背景
An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee
members are against it.
看来达成一致意见是不可能了,因为大多数委员会成员都对此表示反对。
2.Off
偏离;离开
We live off the main road.
我们住在大路附近。3.over
在……的正上方,在……的上面;穿越;多于,在……之上,超过;在……期间
I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy over the past couple of
weeks.
很抱歉我没有给您打电话,但是在过去的几周里我一直很忙。
4.beyond
(表示位置)在……较远的一边,在……更远处;(表示程度)超出,非……所
能及
Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.
听了她感人的故事,大家都被感动得无以言表。5.with
(表示关系)和……在一起;(表示状态)具有,带有;(表示方式)用……,凭借 ……;(表示原因)由于
The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money with me.
这本词典是我想要的,但我身上没带足够的钱。
6.through
(表示位置)穿过;(表示时间)整个……;(表示手段、媒介)凭借
Graduation is a good chance to thank those who have helped you through the tough years.
毕业典礼是向那些在艰难岁月里帮助过你的人表示感谢的好机会。
7.for
为了;代表;因为,由于;对于,关于,在……方面;赞成,支持;就……而言The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.
我们大多数人最大的担心是公共教育的质量问题。2.图解方位介词The little mouse is under the table,so it is not easy to find it.
那只小老鼠在桌子底下,因此不容易找到它。
The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,across deserts,over mountains,through valleys,till at last it reaches the sea.
长城从西向东穿过沙漠,跨过高山,穿过山谷,蜿蜒而行,直到最后抵达大海。二、介词短语的用法题组一 空格处与空前构成了短语
单句填空
1.Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remainsan essential skill for our survival.答案 to 本题考查介词短语。in relation to sth.“相对某事物而言”,符合语境,故此处填to。答案 to 句意:在讨论的前期玛丽一言不发,但最后她就这个话题发表了意见。本题考查动词短语辨析。give voice to sth.表达对某物的想法。
3.(2017河南豫南九校质量考评)My parents and teachers were surprised at
my bad performance.2.Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave
voice to her opinion on the subject.答案 at 句意:我父母和老师对我不好的表现感到很惊奇。be surprised
at为固定短语,意为“对……感到惊讶”。
4.(2017河北石家庄联考)I’m writing to apply for the position.
答案 for 句意:我写信申请这个职位。apply for sth.“申请……”。 故填for。题组二 空格处与空后构成了短语
单句填空
1.We offer an excellent education to our students; in return, we expect students to work hard.答案 in 句意:我们向我们的学生提供优质的教育,作为回报,我们希望学生努力学习。考查介词短语。in return意为“作为回报,作为报答”。
2.Pluto, the former member of the solar system, is too far away to be seen without the aid of a powerful telescope.答案 without 句意:冥王星,原来是太阳系中的一员,离我们太远了以 至于如果没有高倍望远镜的帮助就不能被看到。without the aid of在没 有……帮助的情况下。3. In view of the weather, the basketball match will be held indoors.
答案 In 句意:考虑到天气因素,这场篮球赛将在室内举行。in view of考虑到,鉴于。
单句改错
4.It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just on the middle of the road.
on→in
答案 on→in in the middle of为介词短语,意为“在……中间”,故介 词on改为in。需要识记的四组固定搭配技巧点拨
在英语语言知识运用中,考查本专题的题目类型主要包括语篇型语法填空和短文改错,如:
例1 I found her in high spirits when we met again.
例2 He threw the ball at/to me.
例3???? On hearing the news, he let out a cry of surprise.
例4 It depends in what you will do tomorrow. (改错) in→on
1.做语法填空时,若空格后是名词(如例1)、代词(如例2)或动名词(如例 3),且它们在句中不是作主语或动词的宾语,这个空格就很可能填介词。
然后根据句子意思和空格前后词语的搭配习惯来确定填哪一个介词。
2.在短文改错中,错误类型主要为介词的多用、误用(如例4)、漏用。请认真完成作业专题二 介词和介词短语
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2017课标全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work.
2.(2017课标全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture. ?www.21-cn-jy.com
3.(2016课标全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.?【出处：21教育名师】
4.(2016课标全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.?21*cnjy*com
5.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia;in India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands.?
6.For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.?
7.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; the same time, they warm up again for the night.?
8.(2015广东卷)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.?2-1-c-n-j-y
9.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us. ?
10.Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68℃ the average.?
11.(2015福建,22)A common memory they all have their schooldays is the school uniform.?
12.I’m going to take advantage this tour to explore the history of the castle. ?
13.This meeting room is a non-smoking area;I would like to warn you advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.?
14.(2015陕西,12)The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.?
15.Anyway,we’re here now,so let’s get down some serious work.?
16.These comments came in response specific questions often asked by local newsmen.?
17.(2015福建,32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and,as such,the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony nature.?21·世纪*教育网
18.(2015安徽,33)They believe that there are transport developments the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.?
19.(2017河南八市重点高中质检)Ocean currents changed the climate and probably led the fish into different areas.?
20. (2017河北正定中学月考)Sichuan is home pandas, also the starting point of the Southern Silk Road. ?
21.Apart the cold, thin air and low oxygen levels can also cause mountain sickness.?
22.(2017河北唐山调研)Then he turned alcohol for help to forget the sadness.?
23.I don’t think that your lecture got across the audience, for they appeared quite puzzled.?
24.A flood of corrupt officials(贪官)have been punished in China, which shows the government’s determination to fight corruption the end.?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2017课标全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.
2.(2016课标全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.
3.(2016课标全国卷Ⅲ)Now I am leaving home to college.
4.While they chatted, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.
5.(2015课标全国卷Ⅰ)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.21*cnjy*com
6.(2015课标全国卷Ⅱ)Tony saw a toy on a shop window.
7.My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass.
8.(2017河南豫南九校质量考评) Firstly, you can share with efficient learning experience to promote your English study.
9.(2017江西赣中南五校一模) Hope you reply me soon.
10. (2017湖北襄阳调研) They say they have learned what is not taught in textbooks and have got a great deal practice.
11.(2017山西晋商四校联考)In Sunday morning, Li Lin was about to study when his father came up and advised him to have a break.
12.(2017福建龙岩3月质检) Cellphones make it more convenient for us to search what we need.
13.In Saturday afternoon, my friends and I decided to cook some traditional Chinese food.
14.Therefore, make the most every second you have with your beloved, for time keeps going, waiting for no one. 21教育网
15.In the end, he decided to pay our ice cream.
16.We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music.21cnjy.com
答案精解精析
Ⅰ.1.from 此处为常用表达“to and from work”,意为“上下班”。故空格处填介词from。
2.in a degree in...指的是“……方面的学位”。故空格处填介词in。
3.to go back to为动词短语,意为“追溯到”。故空格处填介词to。
4.on be focused on为常用短语,意为“集中于,关注,聚焦”。 故空格处填介词on。
5.with 根据空格处的作用和语境可知,此处指的是“用”。故空格处填介词with。
6.by 此处为介词短语by car,意为“乘小汽车”。故空格处填介词by。
7.at at the same time为介词短语,意为“同时”。故空格处填介词at。
8.for 此处为动词短语“exchange...for...”,意为“用……交换……”。故空格处填介词for。
9.in 本句采用定语从句的形式考查介词。 “we grow up ”为定语从句,先行词为the cultures,将先行词代入定语从句后为:We grow up in the cultures.故设空处填介词in。 ?21世纪教育网版权所有
10.above 句意:去年是有记录以来最温暖的一年,全球气温超过了平均气温0.68摄氏度。根据语境可知此处表示“在……之上,高于”,所以要用介词above。2·1·c·n·j·y
11.of 句意:他们对于他们学生时代的共同记忆是校服。本句包含一个定语从句“they all have their schooldays”,将先行词代入定语从句后为:They all have a common memory their schooldays.由此可见设空处填of。?【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
12.of 句意:我打算利用这次旅行去探索那座城堡的历史。take advantage of利用。
13.in 句意:这间会议室是无烟区。我想事先提醒你如果在这儿吸烟的话你会被罚款的。in advance提前,事先。www-2-1-cnjy-com
14.by 句意:那个小学生挽着他奶奶的手臂护送她过了马路。此处的by用于引出触及或抓住的身体的某个部位。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
15.to 句意:反正我们现在都在这儿,那我们开始做一些重要的工作吧。get down to 开始做。
16.to 句意:对于当地新闻记者常常问起的特定问题,这些评论正好做 出了回复。in response to作为对……的回应。【版权所有：21教育】
17.with 句意:人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分,严格说来,我们生存的唯一方式是与大自然和谐相处。in harmony with与……协调。21教育名师原创作品
18.around 句意:他们相信交通的发展即将到来了,这将会带来很多更好的变化。around the corner即将到来。
19.with 句意:洋流随着气候变化,并可能会把鱼带到不同的区域。with由于,随着。
20.to be home to...为固定句型,意为“是……的故乡、产地”。
21.from 句意:除了寒冷以外,空气稀薄和氧含量低也会导致高山病。apart from除……之外。
22.to 句意:后来,为了忘记那些悲伤,他求助于酒。turn to...for help向……求助。
23.to 句意:我认为听众没听懂你的讲座,因为他们看上去非常困惑。get across to sb.被某人理解。
24.against;to 句意:在中国很多贪官已经被惩罚了,这表明了政府与腐败斗争到底的决心。fight against...to the end与……斗争到底。21·cn·jy·com
Ⅱ.1.删除第二个of realize是一个及物动词,后面可直接跟宾语,不需要使用介词。故删除of。
2.becoming前加of dream of为动词短语,意为“梦想……”。故在becoming之前添加介词of。
3.to→for 此处为动词短语“leave...for...”,意为“离开某地去某地”。故to改为for。
4.in→on on the top of为介词短语,意为“在……的顶部”。故in改为on。
5.on→with with the development of为介词短语,意为“随着……的发展”。故on改为with。
6.on→in 句意:托尼在商店的橱窗里看到了一个玩具。根据语境可知,介词on使用错误,应改为in。
7.from→of 语境指的是教室的三面是由玻璃制作的,此处可以看出原材料,故from改为of。
8.去掉with share sth.分享某物。本句中share为及物动词,故将with删除。
9.reply后加to 句意:希望你很快给我答复。reply to sb.答复某人。
10.deal后加of a great deal of为固定短语,意为“许多”。
11.In→On 表示在具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上时,需用介词on而非in。
12.search后加for search for sth.搜寻/搜索某物。根据本句意思可知需在search后加for。
13.In→On 表示在具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上时,需用介词on。
14.the most后加of make the most of为固定短语,意为“充分利用”。
15.pay后加for pay for sth.为固定短语,意为“为……付款”。
16.listening后加to listen为不及物动词,后加宾语时需加介词to。
专题二 介词和介词短语
教师备用
单句填空
1.(2017山西重点中学协作体一模)Being drunk, sliding on a banana skin or whispering his own failures, he made us feel more content our life without any verbal explanation.?21教育网
答案 with feel content with为固定结构,意为“对……感到满意”。
2.The shelter is expected to help the homeless live the bitter winter.?21cnjy.com
答案 through live through活过,度过。
单句改错
3.(2015河北石家庄五校联合体摸底)On his opinion, we should not only know “what”, but understand “why”.
答案 On→In 句意:他认为我们应该不仅仅知道“是什么”,还要知道“为什么”。in one??s opinion为固定短语,意为“在某人看来”。21·cn·jy·com
4.(2015河北石家庄五校联合体摸底)With his help, we??ve learned from how to settle problems.
答案 去掉from 句意:在他的帮助下,我们学会了如何解决问题。learn为及物动词,意为“学会”。learn from...向……学习。21世纪教育网版权所有
专题二 介词和介词短语
综合演练
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2017河北保定高三上学期期末)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In general, spoken statements are a major way of 1 (communicate), but body language is also important.?21·世纪*教育网
Last week, I went to the airport 2 (meet)an international student, Tony Garcia from Columbia. After a half hour’s waiting, I caught sight of him and quickly approached to greet him. To my surprise, he touched my shoulder and kissed me on the cheek. I felt so 3 (embarrass)that I stepped back and put up my hands, as if to defend 4 (my). I guessed that there must 5 (be)some misunderstandings between us.?
As I get to know more foreign friends, I learn that not in all the cultures people greet each other the same way. English people, for example, don’t 6 (usual)touch strangers when they meet. 7 , people from places like Spain, Italy and South American countries get close to others and like to touch them.?
8 the development of society, international exchange is becoming 9 (much)frequent, so we should learn about different customs and behave properly 10 meeting international friends.?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ?
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ?
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2017河南天一大联考高三上学期期末)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
While walking in a market two weeks before,I saw a little kid looking for his mom.However,I couldn’t find her. I decided to ignoring it and keep walking,but then I saw a person who seemed to have badly intentions. So I made up my mind to help with the little kid. We go from one shop to another to look for his mom.Eventually we entered a flower shop but found her, after nearly one and a half hour of searching. She thanked me for helping her child,which was only 6 years old. It was very happy moment.
答案精解精析
Ⅰ.[语篇解读] 在交流的时候肢体语言很重要,不同国家人们的肢体语言也有所不同。
1.communication/communicating 考查名词/动名词。介词of后面接名词或动名词。
2.to meet 考查非谓语动词。本句中to meet为不定式作目的状语。
3.embarrassed 考查形容词。此处应用形容词embarrassed作表语。
4.myself 考查代词。根据上文“I stepped back and put up my hands”可知,此处表示“好像要保护我自己”。故填myself。21世纪教育网版权所有
5.have been 考查情态动词后接完成时态的用法。句意:我想我们之间一定有一些误解。对过去情况的肯定推测用“must have done”,意为“过去一定做了某事”。21cnjy.com
6.usually 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处应该用副词usually。
7.However 考查副词。上下句之间为转折关系,由于此处有逗号,故填However。
8.With 考查介词。with the development of society意为“随着社会的发展”,为固定搭配。
9.more 考查比较级。此处表示“国际交流变得更频繁了”,由此可知应使用比较级形式。
10.when 考查连词。此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式。
Ⅱ.[语篇解读] 本文简要叙述了两周前“我”帮助一个小男孩找到他妈妈的过程。
1.第一句:before→ago 考查副词。ago表示“从事情发生到现在时间过去了多久”,和一般过去时连用;before表示“从事情发生到过去某个时间是多久”,常和完成时连用。21·cn·jy·com
2.第二句:I→he 考查代词。句意:不过,他找不到她。根据上文中的a little kid及his mom可知用he。
3.第三句:ignoring→ignore 考查固定搭配。decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”,为固定搭配。
4.第三句:badly→bad 考查形容词。intentions为名词,修饰名词的应该为形容词。badly的形容词形式为bad。bad intentions表示“不良意图”。21教育网
5.第四句:去掉with 考查动词用法。此处考查动词help的有关用法。help sb. with sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”,help为及物动词,其后直接跟sb.,故去掉with。www.21-cn-jy.com
6.第五句:go→went 考查动词时态。该句叙述的是过去发生的事情,故应该用一般过去时。
7.第六句:but→and 考查连词。此处表顺承而非转折关系。
8.第六句:hour→hours 考查名词。one and a half表示“一个半”,其后跟名词时,应该用复数形式。
9.第七句:which→who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为her child,从句中缺少主语,且指人,故用who。2·1·c·n·j·y
10.第八句:在very前加a 考查冠词。a very happy moment表示“非常幸福的一刻”。
