课件25张PPT。专题九 定语从句
考向分析
定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种,是三大从句中 考查最频繁的从句,在语法填空和短文改错两种题型中均有涉及,考查 的重点是that,which,who,whose,when,where等关系词的用法。考点清单
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
单句填空
1.The little problems that/which ?? we meet in our daily lives may be
inspirations for great inventions.
答案 that/which 句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能成为 伟大发明的灵感。本题考查定语从句。题干中,The little problems是先 行词,且指物, ???? we meet in our daily lives是定语从句,从句中缺少 宾语,因此用that/which引导定语从句。 2.My eldest son, whose ? work takes him all over the world, is in New
York at the moment.
答案 whose 句意:我的大儿子现在在纽约,他的工作让他走遍世界各 地。设空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词son,设空处在句中作定语修饰 work,所以要用关系代词whose。
3.The number of smokers, as ??is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
答案 as 句意:正如报道的那样,吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少 了百分之十七。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为整个主句的内 容,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填as。as is reported正如报道的那 样。
4.Please send us all the information that ?? you have about the candidate for the position.
答案 that 句意:请把你拥有的关于竞聘这个职位的那个候选人的所 有信息发给我们。在本句中,先行词information被all修饰,所以只能填关 系代词that,而不填which。
5.If the earth is poisoned, the water, the food and the animals will be poi- soned, which ???means that we who poison the earth will be poisoned too.
答案 which 句意:如果土地被污染了,水、食物和动物就会被污染,这 意味着将土地污染了的我们也将被污染。先行词为设空处前的内容,先 行词在定语从句中作主语,故用which引导非限制性定语从句。
6.(2017课标全国Ⅲ)But Sarah, who ?? has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
答案 who 两个逗号之间为非限制性定语从句,先行词为Sarah,关系 词在从句中作主语,故填who。
单句改错
7.(2017课标全国Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested in planting veg- etables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
?? that→which ??
答案 that→which 逗号之后是非限制性定语从句,先行词为garden,关 系词在从句中作主语,故用which而不能用that引导非限制性定语从句。
1.关系代词that与which的用法辨析
只用that的情况:
(1)先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few 等不定代词;
(2)先行词被all, any, every, no, little(少), much, some等词修饰;
(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词;
(4)先行词被the only, the very(正好、恰好), the last修饰;
(5)先行词中既有人也有物;(6)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句;
(7)先行词是the way， 并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。
This is the very film that I want to see.这正是一部我想看的影片。
The famous writer and his book that you referred to just now are well known now.
你刚才提到的那位著名作家和他的书现在非常有名。
先行词指物时,只用which的情况:
(1)引导非限制性定语从句;
(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前;
The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, which he remembers starting as early as his childhood.世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结,他记得这种情结始于他的童年。
The result was not the same as they had expected, which was rather disap- pointing.
结果与当初他们预料的不一样,这让人觉得很失望。
2.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别She married again, which was unexpected.
她再婚了,这是始料不及的。
She married again, as we expected.
正如我们预料的那样,她再婚了。
3.其他关系代词的用法辨析Each graduate standing in the playground, who was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.
每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上,由校长给他们颁发文凭。
My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home.
我的女儿总不在家,她的工作需要经常出差。二、关系副词引导的定语从句
单句填空
1.(2016课标全国Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days
on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when ?? I was the first Western TV re- porter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from star- vation in the wild.
答案 when 逗号之后为非限制性定语从句,先行词指时间,且关系词 在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when引导定语从句。
2.(2015广东)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market where people from the towns met regularly.
答案 where 地点名词market为先行词,关系词在从句中作地点状语, 故用where引导定语从句。
3.The reason why ?? any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.
答案 why 空前的reason为先行词,关系词在从句中作原因状语,故用 关系副词why引导定语从句。
4.I’ve got to a point in my life where ??? I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.
答案 where point为先行词,关系词在从句中作状语,故用where引导 定语从句。
【知识拓展】 当先行词是activity,situation,point,case,stage,scene等抽 象名词,且关系词在从句中作状语时,应用where作为定语从句的引导词。
单句改错
5.In my opinion,Beijing is the most beautiful city, which I spent my last summer holiday.
?? which→where ??
答案 which→where 先行词指地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故 which错误,应改为where。
三个关系副词引导的定语从句It has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music,where some have stood out among them.
它为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台,在这个舞台上一些人从中 脱颖而出。
The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn’t study hard.
他考试失败的原因是他学习不努力。三、“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句
单句填空
1.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which ?has been proved.
答案 which 句意: 就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出了许多理论,但 没有一项理论得到过证明。先行词为theories,将先行词代入定语从句 后可知关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故答案为which。
2.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose ?? pur- poses is to relieve worldwide starvation.
答案 whose 句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,这个组织 的目标之一是减缓全球范围的饥荒。本题考查定语从句。定语从句的 先行词是the World Food Programme,与定语从句中的purposes是所属关 系,即the World Food Programme’s purposes,故填whose。
3.Many young people, most of whom ??were well-educated, headed for re- mote regions to chase their dreams.
答案 whom 句意:很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们 中大部分都受过良好的教育。先行词为young people,指人,将先行词代 入定语从句后可知先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故答案为 whom。
单句改错
4.Alice asked the policeman with she worked to contact her whenever there was an accident.
?? with后加whom ??
答案 with后加whom 先行词为policeman,指人,关系词在定语从句中 作介词with的宾语,故应用whom作为定语从句的引导词。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的两个考查点
1.考查该结构中关系代词的选用
若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用 which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构, whose指人、物皆可。
With the fast development of agriculture, the people, in whose village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life.
随着农业的快速发展,在她10年前教书的村子里,人们一直过着幸福的
生活。
2.考查该结构中介词的选用
(1)一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:先行词的 意义;从句中动词的固定搭配;句子的意思。
(2)表示“整体和部分关系”时,介词常用of。常见结构:
①在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数 词后可以用of which/whom。
②“the+比较级或最高级”后用of which/whom等。
The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, were worn out.
孩子们玩了一整天,都累坏了。四、分隔式定语从句
单句填空
1.(2015四川)The books on the desk, whose ???covers are shiny,are prizes for us.
答案 whose 句意:桌上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。本题 考查定语从句。先行词为The books,与从句中的covers为所属关系,故 答案为whose。
2.We really love Indian food and such occasions are very rare when ??? we have so many foods available at such low prices.
答案 when 空格处之前的先行词occasions指时间,且关系词在定语 从句中作时间状语,故填when。
单句改错
3.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, when my classmates recommended to me.
?? when→which ??
答案 when→which 先行词为book,且关系词在非限制性定语从句中 作recommended的宾语,故应用which引导定语从句。
定语从句往往紧跟在先行词之后,但是有时可能会在从句和先行词之间 插入其他成分,使从句与先行词分隔开来,从而形成了分隔式定语从句 (也可称为“间隔式定语从句”)。如:
Tom was the first student in his class who had won the scholarship. (先行 词student和定语从句被介词短语“in his class”隔开) 汤姆是他的班里 第一个获得奖学金的学生。 技巧点拨
对于定语从句方面的试题,首先应该找准先行词,然后再结合句子 成分对关系词在从句中的具体作用进行分析,判断出关系词在从句中作 什么成分。需要注意的是,先行词并不能决定关系词的使用。例如,先 行词指时间,但是关系词在从句中作主语,则应用关系代词作为引导词, 而不应使用关系副词when。
That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
(在该句中,That evening虽为表示时间的先行词,但是关系词在定语从句 中作介词about的宾语,故用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。本 题容易误填when,原因是没有判断好关系词在从句中的作用。)请认真完成作业专题九 定语从句
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2017课标全国Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.?
2.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.?
3.(2015上海)I recently read an article about “nomophobia”, is a real illness people can’t suffer from the fear of being without your phone!?
4.(2017河南豫南九校质量考评Ⅴ)No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster, helped me out simply by listening and hugging.?【出处：21教育名师】
5.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise. ?
6.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. ?
7.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.?
8.(2015安徽)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.?
9.(2015福建)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.?
10.(2015陕西)As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.?
11.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of uses it differently.?
12.A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.?
13.We’ll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.?【版权所有：21教育】
14.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work a good impression is a must.?
15.Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.?
16.I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.?
17.I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.?
18.Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.?
19.Among the many dangers sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog.?
20.We have launched another man-made satellite, is announced in today’s newspaper.?
21.John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of are family members.?
22.Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world.?
23.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.?
24.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, he remembers starting as early as his childhood.?
25.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.?
26.Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.?
27.(2017山西晋商四校联考)Finally, after four hours, they arrived at the campsite their parents were waiting.?
28.(2017河南八市重点高中10月质检)The sharks followed the warm currents may have changed northward during this period.?
29. (2017江西九江一中月考) Las Vegas has many wonderful restaurants you can eat many different kinds of food.?
30.Some of the teachers at the college asked Dr. Naismith to invent a game can be played indoors.?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2017课标全国Ⅲ)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
2.(2017河南豫南九校质量考评Ⅴ) A blog will be opened on the website of our school, that aims to help students to communicate better.
3.(2017山东临沂一模)First,you can gain more knowledge about history, that will enrich your life greatly.
4.(2017河南天一大联考Ⅳ)All of a sudden, a boy ran into him, making some food drop on his trousers, what I thought would make him annoyed with the boy.
5.I have an American friend, Marianne,she lives alone but has a pet dog, Sparky.
6.Then a man came in with his son, whom wanted to buy ice cream, too.21·cn·jy·com
7.Last Friday, our school organized us to a fire station, what we had expected for several days.
8.The only reason that a man would sell salt at a lower price would be that he was desperate for money.
9.We went to the Lincoln Memorial yesterday, when, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world.
10.It is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
11.Tibet is a beautiful part of China, without whose our country would be incomplete.2-1-c-n-j-y
12.Mr. White will come to the party on Sunday,when he promised to every one of us.www.21-cn-jy.com
13.This is the small house less than 15 square meters,under which roof lives a large family of three generations.
14.Everyone has periods in their lives whose everything seems very hard.21教育名师原创作品
15.I am very grateful to my high school teachers, without whom help I wouldn’t be so excellent.
16.What is known to us all is that the old scientist, for whose life was hard in the past, still works very hard in his eighties.
17.That unforgettable ball was the last happy moment that I enjoyed myself.www-2-1-cnjy-com
18.Tom tried to get out of the business,where he found impossible.
19.About 200 Chinese businessmen left for Europe yesterday, when they would sign a series of deals worth up to 15 billion U.S. dollars.2·1·c·n·j·y
20.Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those which don’t.
答案精解精析
Ⅰ.1.which 第二个逗号后是非限制性定语从句,先行词是空前的to have too much of both,关系词在从句中作主语,故用which引导定语从句。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
2.where 空前的garden是先行词,逗号之后为非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where作为引导词。
3.which 空格处之前的nomophobia(无手机恐惧症)为先行词,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故空格处填which。21世纪教育网版权所有
4.who 句意:除了校长外,没人努力弄明白真正的问题是什么。她只是通过倾听和拥抱就帮我从困境中解脱出来。 设空处所引导的句子为非限制性定语从句。将先行词代入定语从句可知,先行词在定语从句中作主语,且先行词指“人”,故填who。
5.whose 句意:我隔壁住着一对夫妻,他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。先行词为a couple,将先行词代入定语从句后可知关系词在定语从句中作定语,故答案为whose。
6.when 句意:我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周,那时天气可能会更好。先行词为next week,将先行词代入定语从句后可知关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故答案为when。
7.where 句意:该公司的老板在努力营造一种轻松的氛围,在这种氛围中,他的员工们可以享受工作的乐趣。先行词为atmosphere,将先行词代入定语从句后为:His employees enjoy their work in the easy atmosphere.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故答案为where。?
8.which 句意:一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。先行词为skill,将先行词代入定语从句后为:School education depends upon the fundamental skill.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作介词upon的宾语;本句中介词upon已被提前,故答案为which。?
9.which 句意:《今日中国》吸引了世界各地的读者,这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为设空处前的内容,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故答案为which。
10.when 句意:作为家里最小的孩子,Alex总是期盼着他能够独立的时候。先行词为time,将先行词代入定语从句后为:He should be able to be independent at the time.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故答案为when。?
11.which 句意:英语是一种被好几种不同的文化都使用的语言,而且每一种文化使用它的方式不同。设空处前后两部分之间既没有并列连词也没有从属连词,故后面部分应为定语从句,又因为先行词是cultures,且关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,所以填which。
12.whose 句意:从国内市场得到的利润正在下降的公司可以去国外寻找机会。本题考查定语从句。先行词为company,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The company’s profits from home markets are declining.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作定语,故填whose。?
13.which/that 句意:一个月后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。在本句中,先行词是the sales targets,关系代词在定语从句中作set的宾语,所以填关系代词which/that。
14.where 句意:这本书对我的日常交流很有帮助,尤其是在工作单位。在那里良好的印象是必需的。at work(在工作单位)表地点,故用where引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语。
15.where 句意:学生应该参加社区活动,他们从中能获得成长经验。将先行词community activities代入定语从句后为:They can gain experience for growth from community activities.由此可知关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。?
16.when 句意:我直到五年级才真正成为一个攀登者,那时,我爬到树上去拿一个被挂在树枝上的风筝。在本句中,先行词为the fifth grade,设空处在定语从句中作时间状语,故填when。
17.when 句意:我正期待着那一天的到来,那时我的女儿可以读这本书并且了解我对她的感情。在本句中,先行词为the day,关系词在从句中充当时间状语,故填when。
18.which 句意:到目前为止,我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子们筹款50,000英镑,这非常出乎(我们的)意料。根据句子结构可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的内容,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以填which。
19.which/that 句意:在海员们不得不面对的许多危险中,最大的危险很可能是雾。在本句中,先行词为dangers,将先行词代入定语从句后为:Sailors have to face the dangers.由此可见,关系词在定语从句中作face的宾语,且指“物”,故填which/that。
20.which 句意:我们又发射了一颗人造卫星,这件事是在今天的报纸上宣布的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面的内容,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故用which引导。
21.whom 句意:约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分都是自家人。在定语从句中如果介词放在关系代词之前,且先行词是“人”时,从句中关系代词只能使用whom。
22.which/that 句意:他最后到了一座完全与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。定语从句修饰的先行词是island,关系词在定语从句中作主语且指“物”,故用which 或that引导。
23.whose 句意:这本书从生活遭受地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。先行词在从句中和lives是所属关系,故填whose。
24.which 句意:世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结,他记得这种情结始于他的儿童时代。先行词是a passion for China,关系词在定语从句中作starting的宾语,要用关系代词,在非限制性定语从句中用which。
25.which 句意:莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖,这使得中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成了现实。which 引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个主句。
26.who 句意:幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于发现自身长处的人。先行词为those,将先行词代入定语从句后为:Those are good at recognizing their own strengths.由此可见,关系词在定语从句中作主语,且指“人”,故用who。本题易误填that。当先行词是指人的不定代词,如:one,ones,anyone,those,all,nobody等时,用who不用that。21教育网
27.where 句意:最后,在4个小时之后他们到达了营地,他们的父母正在那里等着他们。先行词为campsite,将先行词代入定语从句后可知先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。
28.that/which 句意:这些鲨鱼跟随着在这段时间可能已经改为向北的暖流。先行词为the warm currents,先行词指“物”,在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
29.where 句意:拉斯维加斯有很多很好的饭店,在那里你可以享用许多不同种类的食品。本题考查定语从句。先行词为restaurants,将先行词代入定语从句后为:You can eat many different kinds of food in the restaurants.由此可知,先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,故用where引导。?
30.that/which 句意:那所大学的一些教师请奈史密斯博士发明一种可以在室内玩的游戏。先行词为a game,将先行词代入定语从句后可知先行词在定语从句中作主语,且先行词指“物”,故填that或which。
Ⅱ.1.they→which/that things为先行词,之后是定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,因此应用which或that作为引导词,they改为which/that。
2.that→which 句意:在我们校网站上将开辟一个博客,力求帮助学生更好地沟通。“that aims to help students to communicate better”为定语从句,先行词为逗号前面的内容,先行词在定语从句中作主语;根据定语从句前的逗号,可知该定语从句为非限制性定语从句,故将that改为which。
3.that→which 句意:首先,你可以获得更多的历史知识,这可以极大地丰富你的生活。本题考查非限制性定语从句。逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,只能用which,不能用that。
4.what→which 句意:突然一个男孩儿撞在了他的身上,把一些食物掉在了他的裤子上。我想这会使他对那个男孩儿恼怒。定语从句前有逗号隔开,故判断该定语从句为非限制性定语从句。先行词为前面的内容,先行词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故用which而非what引导。
5.she→who 句意:我有一位美国朋友Marianne,她独自生活却养了一条宠物狗Sparky。逗号不能连接两个句子,由此可见“she lives alone but has a pet dog, Sparky”应为定语从句,先行词Marianne在定语从句中作主语,且先行词指“人”,故将she改为who。
6.whom→who 句意:后来一个人带着他的儿子走了进来,他也想买冰激凌。“whom wanted to buy ice cream, too”为非限制性定语从句,先行词在定语从句中作主语,故用who而非whom。
7.what→which 本题考查定语从句。先行词在定语从句中作宾语,且此处为非限制性定语从句,故将what改为which。21·世纪*教育网
8.第一个that→why reason为先行词,关系词在从句中作原因状语,故用why引导定语从句。
9.when→which the Lincoln Memorial为先行词,第一个逗号之后为分隔式定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,故用which作为引导词,when应改为which。21*cnjy*com
10.It→As 先行词为逗号之后的内容,且关系词在从句中作主语,而定语从句位于句首时,只能用as引导。
【知识拓展】 as引导非限制性定语时,可位于句首、句中或句尾,常有“正如,正像”之意,其常用结构为:as anybody can see;as we know;as is well known;as often happens;as is reported;as is often the case;as is mentioned above;as has been pointed out等。21cnjy.com
11.whose→which 句首的Tibet为先行词,逗号之后为非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作介词without的宾语,故whose错误,应改为which。
12.when→which 逗号前的内容为先行词,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,故用which。
13.which→whose 考查分隔式定语从句。the small house为先行词,关系词在从句中作roof的定语,故用关系代词whose。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
14.whose→when 先行词periods指时间,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故whose改为when。
15.whom→whose teachers为先行词,关系词在从句中作名词help的定语,故用关系代词whose。
16.whose→whom the old scientist为先行词,关系词在从句中作for的宾语,故whose改为 whom。
17.that→when 先行词the last happy moment指时间,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故that改为关系副词when。21*cnjy*com
18.where→which 先行词为逗号前的内容,关系词在从句中作found的宾语,故应用关系代词which引导定语从句,where应改为which。
19.when→where 考查分隔式定语从句。先行词为Europe,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故应用where。
20.which→who 先行词those指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故which错误,应改为who。
专题九 定语从句
教师备用
1.Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, made her feel like a star. ?
答案 which 第二个逗号后是非限制性定语从句,先行词是空前的一句话的内容,故填which。
2.So I decided to leave home for New York, I might have a better chance to find a good job. ?
答案 where 地点名词New York为先行词,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故where符合题意。
单句改错
3.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of that the sailing time was 226 days.
答案 that→which nine months为先行词,关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语,而关系代词that不可位于介词之后,故that改为which。21世纪教育网版权所有
4.Patience,without whom you can??t do the work well,is a kind of quality.21教育网
答案 whom→which Patience为先行词,关系词在从句中作介词宾语,故whom改为which。
5.The film brought the hours back to me who I was taken good care of in that far away village.
答案 who→when hours为先行词,关系词在从句作时间状语,故用关系副词when作为引导词。
专题九 定语从句
综合演练
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2017吉林长春高三4月调研考试)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays, more and more schools in China have rules making students wear school uniforms at school. A lot of Chinese students complain about 1 (wear) their school uniforms every day. But 2 American students get annoyed about their uniforms, too? American high schools usually have a dress code, 3 is about requirements for students’ dressing. Boys at school must wear clean jackets every day. Girls are 4 (lucky) than boys. They have more flexible 5 (choose) than boys. They can either dress similarly to the boys 6 wear a dress. In general, it takes a student 10—15 minutes every morning 7 (dress) up for class. As students do in China, plenty of American students also have their complaints about school uniforms. What if students really dislike the dress code and want to get rid of it? Instead of getting punished, 8 (actual) there’re ways to do that. At my school, “dress down” tickets 9 (sell) on school days. If students are willing to buy a ticket, they won’t need to wear school uniforms the following day. I have a strong 10 (believe) that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets, too.?21教育网
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ?
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ?
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2017江西南昌高三下学期第一次模拟考试)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。21cnjy.com
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
It is known that some students cheat in exams. It has three reason. First of all, there are so many exams. Beside, the exams given are difficulty in some way. Secondly, some students have to cheat in exams because of they are too lazy. The last reason is to please our parents and teachers. For some students, low marks brought them great pressure and make them depressing. In my opinion, cheating in exams are wrong. We should take active attitude to our studies, and try to get a mark what is true as well as good.www.21-cn-jy.com
答案精解精析
Ⅰ.[语篇解读] 这是一篇关于中学生穿校服的评论。
1.wearing 该空前有complain about,其中about是介词,所以要在所给词wear的后面加上-ing变为动名词。故填wearing。21世纪教育网版权所有
2.do 含有do/have等助动词的句子变一般疑问句时将助动词提前,注意人称和时态,本句主语为American students,时态是一般现在时,因此填do。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
3.which 考查非限制性定语从句。这里的which指代前面的a dress code,并且在定语从句中作主语,故填which。21·世纪*教育网
4.luckier 根据该空后面的than以及所给单词lucky是形容词可以判断出这里要用比较级,故将lucky变为luckier,句意为“女孩比男孩更幸运”。2·1·c·n·j·y
5.choices 根据该空前面的动词have(有)以及形容词flexible(灵活的)可以判断出应该填一个名词,故将所给动词choose改为名词choice。因为选择不止一个,故名词后应该加-s表示复数,故填choices。
6.or 考查固定短语。either...or或者……或者……。根据前面的either可以判断出这个结构。故填or。
7.to dress 考查固定结构。这里是It takes sb. some time to do sth.结构,所以要填to dress。
8.actually 这里是副词在句子中间作插入语,故将所给形容词actual变为actually。
9.are sold 在我的学校,上学的日子有卖换装票的,如果学生愿意买一张票,第二天他们就不需要穿校服。故答案为are sold。2-1-c-n-j-y
10.belief 根据该空前面的动词have(有)以及形容词strong(强大的)可以判断出应该填一个名词,故将所给动词believe改为名词belief。故答案为belief。21*cnjy*com
【难句分析】
原句:American high schools usually have a dress code, which is about requirements for students’ dressing.
分析:本句是复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰a dress code。
译文:美国的中学通常有着装规定,这是关于学生着装的要求。
【重点词汇】 complaint n.抱怨
Ⅱ.1.第二句:reason→reasons 由前面的three可知后面跟复数名词。
2.第四句:Beside→Besides 此处表示“此外”,beside是介词,不符合句意,应该用besides。
3.第四句:difficulty→difficult 此处作表语,应用形容词。
4.第五句:because of中把of去掉 后面的they are too lazy是一个完整的句子,因此应该用because。
5.第六句:our→their 从前面的some students可知是第三人称复数,应该用their。21·cn·jy·com
6.第七句:brought→bring 从后面的make并结合上下文可知是表示通常的情况,应该用一般现在时。
7.第七句:depressing→depressed 从前面的make them可以判断出是指人,应该用depressed。
8.第八句:are→is 根据主语cheating in exams可知是动名词短语作主语,后面的动词要用单数形式,所以are要改为is。www-2-1-cnjy-com
9.第九句:take active之间加an take an active attitude是习惯性搭配。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
10.第九句:what→that/which what不能引导定语从句,应该用关系代词that或which。
