课件35张PPT。
专题十二 句子成分考向分析
句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语等,虽然高考没有对其进行直接考查,但是句子成分对于判断考点和确定答案有非常大的帮助。例如,在语法填空题中,提示词是动词,空格处在句中作目的状语,且与主语是主动关系,则答案为不定式。考点清单
一、主语
单句填空
1.Many people who/that ???? live along the coast make a living in fishing industry.
答案 who/that 句意:许多住在海边的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。分析题干可知,“ ???? live along the coast”为定语从句,先行词指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故用关系代词who/that作为定语从句的引导词。2.The disappearance ???? (disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.
答案 disappearance 句意:恐龙的消失并不一定是由天文事件引起 的。空格处在句中作主语,结合空前的定冠词可知,空格处填名词disap- pearance。
单句改错
3.(2017课标全国Ⅰ)Have enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.
? ? Have→Having ? ?
答案 Have→Having 该句中will之前是句子的主语,而动词原形不可 作主语,故Have改为动名词形式。主语相当于句子的话题或主题,即要说明的人或物。能用来作主语的有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句等。如:
1.My pen is green. 我的钢笔是绿色的。(名词作主语)
The rich are not always happy.富人也不总是开心的。(“the+形容词”表示一类人,相当于名词)
2.Her pen is blue, and mine is red.她的钢笔是蓝色的,我的是红色的。 (名词性物主代词作主语)
These are my books. 这些是我的书。(指示代词作主语)
Who is absent today? 今天谁迟到了?(疑问代词作主语)
Is anything wrong with your umbrella?你的伞有毛病吗? (不定代词作主语)3.Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对你的身体有害。(动名词作主语)
Taking a walk is much better than staying at home. 散步比待在家里要好得
多。(动名词短语作主语)
4.To see is to believe.眼见为实。(动词不定式作主语)
It will take him 3 hours to go to the station on foot.他步行去车站需要3个小时。(it作形式主语,动词不定式短语作真正的主语)
5.What the teacher said yesterday is important.昨天老师讲的很重要。(从句作主语)二、谓语
单句填空
1.In the 1950s in the USA, most families had ???? (have) just one phone at home, and wireless phones hadn’t been invented yet.
答案 had 句意:在美国20世纪50年代,多数家庭只有一部电话,无线电 话还没有发明出来。空格处在句中作谓语,结合句首的时间状语In the 1950s和语境可知,空格处应用一般过去时态。故空格处填had。
2.It suddenly occurred to him that he had left??? (leave) his keys in the office.
答案 had left 句意:他突然想到他把钥匙落在办公室了。空格处在句中作谓语,且动作发生在occurred之前,因此空格处应使用过去完成时态。故空格处填had left。单句改错
3.I found the test difficult, but I tried hard to do it; suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her copy my answers.
?? ? asking→asked ?
答案 asking→asked “my best friend”是分号后句子的主语Mary的同位语,之后第一个词是句子的谓语动词,而现在分词或动名词不可作谓语,因此asking使用错误,由此结合前两句话的时态可知用asked。句子中用来说明主语的动作或存在的状态的部分叫谓语。谓语一般位于主语之后,谓语中最重要的部分是谓语动词,它有时态、语态和语气的变化,并受主语人称和数的影响。
谓语动词分类
(1)行为动词(或实义动词)具有明确的动作意义。行为动词分为不及物动词和及物动词,不及物动词本身词义完整,可以独立作谓语,而及物动词本身词义不完整,必须后跟宾语。
I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。(believe为及物动词,后加that引导的宾语从句,宾语从句中consider为及物动词,后加our suggestion作宾语)How time flies! 时间过得真快呀!(fly为不及物动词)
(2)系动词(或连系动词)起连接主语和表语的作用,本身有一定的词义,它和实义动词一样有时态的变化,也受主语的人称和数的影响。
It was late at night when we finally arrived.我们最后到达时已是深夜。
Was there a pool at the hotel?宾馆里有游泳池吗?
The dish tastes good.这盘菜尝起来很好。(taste为系动词,后加形容词作表语)
Gong Yue’s voice sounds so sweet.龚玥的嗓音听起来真甜。(sound为系动词,后加形容词sweet作表语)(3)助动词可以协助主要动词构成不同的时态或语态,也可帮助主要动词构成疑问句、否定句或强调句。常见的助动词有be(am/is/are/was/were)、do
(does/did)、have(has/had)、will。
We are running in the playground.我们正在操场上跑步。(are帮助现在分词
running构成现在进行时)
The flowers are often watered by me.我经常给这些花儿浇水。(are帮助过去分词watered构成被动语态)
He doesn’t get up early every day.他并非每天起床都很早。(does帮助get up构成一般现在时的否定式)
He does work very hard.他工作的确十分努力。(does帮助行为动词work构成强调句)Do you want to pass the exam?你想通过考试吗?(do帮助want构成疑问句)
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.到上月末为止,他们已经完成一半的工作了。(had帮助过去分词finished构成过去完成时)
He will come here tomorrow.他明天将来这里。(will帮助come构成一般将来时)三、表语
单句填空
1.I cannot control my body well. My legs become painful ???? (pain).
答案 painful 分析句子成分可知,空格处在句中作表语,因此空格处 应用提示词的形容词形式。故空格处填painful。
2.Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was that ???? it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
答案 that 分析句子成分可知,was之后是表语从句,在从句中不缺少成分,且句意完整,因此应用that作为引导词。单句改错
3.The teachers here are kind and helpfully; they are not only our teachers but
also our friends.
??? helpfully→helpful ?
答案 helpfully→helpful 在题干中,表语形容词kind与and之后的词是并列关系,因此helpfully应该改为形容词形式。故helpfully改为helpful。
表语在句中用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征、状态、职业、内容、(动作)方向或处所等。表语需位于系动词之后。可以作表语的有名词、代
词、形容词、动词不定式、分词、动名词以及从句(表语从句)等。Five years later, he became an engineer.五年后,他成了一名工程师。(名词作表语)
This is my dictionary. That is yours.这是我的词典,那本是你的。(代词作表语)
We must keep healthy. 我们必须保持健康。(形容词作表语)
My aim is to become a doctor.我的目标是成为一名医生。(不定式作表语)
My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英文。(动名词短语作表语)
The movie is quite moving.这部电影非常感人。(现在分词作表语)
That’s why I want to stay here. 那就是我想待在这里的原因。(表语从句 作表语)四、宾语
单句填空
1.Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make ???? (make) a new life
for herself.
答案 to make wish之后接不定式作宾语。故空格处填不定式to make。
2.Keep holding ???? (hold) your position for a while.
答案 holding 该句中Keep之后需要接动名词作宾语。故空格处填 holding。单句改错
3.Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person.
?? teach→teaching ??
答案 teach→teaching 分析句子结构可知,“not only...but also...”所连接的内容在句中作介词for的宾语,因此teach使用错误,应使用动名词形式。故
teach改为teaching。表示谓语动词动作对象的成分叫宾语,即宾语是动作的承受者。英语中,及物动词(或相当于及物动词的动词短语)、介词须带宾语。可以充当宾语的有名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词以及从句(宾语从句)等。
I am reading a book. 我在看书。(名词作动词的宾语)
I’m going to Beijing with my father.我计划和我父亲去北京。(名词作介词的宾语)
Yesterday, Tom’s mother looked after him at home.昨天汤姆的妈妈在家 照顾他了。(代词作动词短语的宾语)
What would you like? 你想要什么?(疑问代词作动词like的宾语)Yesterday my father bought me a new bike. 昨天我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。(代词me和名词bike分别作动词buy的间接宾语和直接宾语)
We got lost and couldn’t find each other.我们迷路了,彼此找不到对方了。
(相互代词作动词find的宾语)
I like to play basketball. 我喜欢打篮球。(不定式作动词的宾语)
I think it impossible to climb the mountain. 我认为不可能爬上那座山。(it作形式宾语,动词不定式短语作真正的宾语)
I enjoy listening to music very much.我非常喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作动词enjoy的宾语)五、补足语
单句填空
1.Many airlines now allow passengers to print ???? (print) their boarding
passes online to save their valuable time.
答案 to print 句意:现在,许多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机证 以节省他们宝贵的时间。空格处在句中作宾语补足语,而allow之后接 不定式作宾补,故空格处填to print。2.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man sitting ???? (sit) at the front.
答案 sitting????分析句子成分可知,空格处在句中作宾语补足语,且与宾语
man之间是逻辑上的主动关系,动作正在进行中,由此结合“notice sb./sth.
doing”可知,空格处应填sitting。
3.The aim of education is to teach young people to think ???? (think) for themselves and not follow others blindly.
答案 to think 句意:教育的目地是教会年轻人去自我思考,而不是盲目地跟从别人。空格处在句中作宾语补足语,而teach之后接不定式作宾补,故填to think。单句改错
4.Hope you good health and much happiness every day!
?? Hope→Wish ??
答案 Hope→Wish good health and much happiness在句中作宾语补足语,动词hope之后不可接宾语补足语,而wish有此用法,因此句首的Hope使用错误。故Hope改为Wish。
在英语中,需在一些及物动词的宾语后加上一个补足语,对其作进一步补充说明,意思才够完整和明确,该补足语被称为宾语补足语。能作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式和分词(现在分词、过去分词)等。如:We must keep our classroom clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。(形容词作 宾补)
We call the bird Polly.我们叫那只鸟波利。(名词作宾补)
Our teacher told us to play outside. 我们老师让我们在外面玩。(动词不定式短语作宾补)
I saw Jack playing under a tree. 我看到杰克在树下玩耍。(现在分词短语作宾补)
My father made me stay at home last night.昨晚我父亲让我待在家里。 (不带to的不定式作宾补)
I was seen to come back today by Tom.今天我被汤姆看到回来了。(不定式作主语补足语)六、定语
单句填空
1.Although birds use their ???? (they) feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
答案 their 句意:虽然鸟类的羽毛是用来飞行的,但是它们的羽毛也 有其他用途。空格处在句中作名词的定语,故空格处填形容词性物主代 词their。
2.“That would be a very reasonable ???? (reason) thing to do in a big city,
but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.
答案 reasonable 空格处作名词thing的定语,因此应用提示词的形容 词形式。故填reasonable。单句改错
3.We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.
?? ours→our ??
答案 ours→our fishing poles之前的物主代词作定语,而ours是名词性物主代词,常用于作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,因此ours使用错误,应使用形容词性物主代词。故ours改为our。
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子叫定语。英语中的定语可以前置,也可以后置。独立的单词作定语时,习惯上放在被修饰的词之前作前置定语;短语或定语从句作定语时,应放在被修饰的词后面,作后置定语。能作定语的有形容词、名词、分词(短语)、动名词、动词不定式、介词短语以及定语从句等。The beautiful picture was drawn by a famous artist.那幅美丽的画是一位著名的艺术家画的。(形容词作定语)
The apple trees were planted 3 years ago.那些苹果树是3年前种的。(名词作定语)
The boy under the tree is Jack. 树下的那个男孩儿是杰克。(介词短语作后置定语)
The destroyed bridge was rebuilt last winter. 被毁掉的那座桥是去年冬天重建的。(过去分词作定语)
I know a boy called Tom.我认识一个名叫汤姆的男孩儿。(过去分词短语作后置定语)The flying birds are moving towards the south because of the coming winter. 那些飞翔的鸟儿正向南方飞去,因为冬天快到了。(现在分词作定语)
The car running in the playground is my uncle’s.在操场上奔驰的那辆汽车是我叔叔的。(现在分词短语作后置定语)
At last, we had nothing to eat but a little water.最后我们没有任何吃的了,只剩下一点儿水。(动词不定式作后置定语)
I often go to the reading room in the evening.我经常在晚上去阅览室。(动名词作定语)
I know the two boys who broke the window yesterday.我认识昨天打坏玻璃的那两个男孩子。(定语从句)七、状语
单句填空
1.I was driving down to London when I suddenly ???? (sudden) found that I was on the wrong road.
答案 suddenly 空格处在句中作状语,因此空格处应用提示词的副词形式。故空格处填写suddenly。
2.(2017课标全国Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations to star at shows to concentrate ???? (concentrate) on her studies.
答案 to concentrate 句意:为了专注于她的学业,她拒绝了几次在节目 中出演主角的邀请。shows之后为非谓语动词短语在句中作目的状语, 且与主语是主动关系,故空格处填不定式to concentrate。3.I got to the office earlier that day, having caught ???? (catch) the 7:30 train from Paddington.
答案 having caught 逗号之后为非谓语动词短语作原因状语,空格处与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,且动作已经完成,因此现在分词的完成式having caught符合题意。
单句改错
4.I don’t believe what you said, but because you can prove it, you may be able
to convince me.
?? because→if ??
答案 because→if 句意:我不相信你说的话,但是如果你能够对此证明,你也许能够说服我。两个逗号之间为条件状语从句,结合语境可知,because应改为if。修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词、短语或从句(状语从句)叫状
语。状语在句中可以表示时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让
步、程度、方式、比较、方向以及伴随状况等。能作状语的有副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式及状语从句等。如:
He plays the guitar well.
他吉他弹得很好。(副词作状语)
Luckily, he didn’t hurt himself.幸运的是,他没伤到自己。(副词作状语)
He works hard to earn money.他努力工作挣钱。(不定式作状语)
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.如果明天下雨,我们就待在家 里。(从句作状语)八、同位语
单句填空
1.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that ???? you are better than anyone else in the sports field.
答案 that belief后面是同位语从句,从句句意完整,不缺少成分,故用that作为引导词。
2.News came from the school office that ???? Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.
答案 that office之后是News的同位语从句,从句中不缺少成分,故that 符合题意。单句改错
3.There was Uncle Chen, gentleman living near my house, who was a very famous writer.
??∧gentleman→a??
答案 ∧gentleman→a gentleman是Uncle Chen的同位语,根据语境可知,
gentleman在句中表示泛指,因此之前应用不定冠词。故在gentleman之前添加冠词a。
4.Good night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.
?? is→are ??
答案 is→are you是宾语从句的主语,而“dear diary”是you的同位语,因此句中的is使用错误,需要与主语you保持一致。故is改为are。所谓同位语,是指跟在某些名词的后面,对前者作进一步的解释、说明、补充和概括的句子成分。常用来作同位语的有名词、数词、不定代词(each, both, all)、从句等。
The youngest boy, Peter, refused to accept the money.那个最小的男孩彼得拒绝接受那笔钱。(名词作同位语)
We four were greatly touched to hear the old man’s story. 听了老人的故事,我们四个都很受感动。(数词作同位语)
They each have a dictionary.他们每人都有一本词典。(each作同位语)
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.我们正 在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。(从句作同位语)技巧点拨
对于语法填空和短文改错这两种题型来说,句子成分的应用非常广泛,可根据相关知识判断考查点种类并敲定答案。例如,当从句在句中作定语时,那么该从句就是定语从句,考查点就是引导词的分析判断;如果先行词指物,且关系词在从句中作主语时,那么正确答案为which/that。再如,在语法填空题中,当提示词是形容词,且空格处在句中作状语,用于修饰形容词、副词或动词时,那么正确答案就是该形容词的副词形式。请认真完成作业专题十二 句子成分
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2017课标全国Ⅱ)It takes them about an hour and a half (go) to work every day.?
2.The (nation) park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants. ?
3.(2017课标全国Ⅲ)I have grown not only (physical), but also mentally in the past few years.?
4.She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I (admit) that I hadn’t.?
5.Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see (they) daughter settle down, get married, and have kids. ?
6.In many ways, the education system in the US (be) not very different from that in the UK.?
7.That young man is (honesty), cooperative, and always there when you need his help. ?
8.When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I (decide) to apply for the one that reflected my interest.?
9.The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added to the language since it (publish).?
10.It was really (annoy); I couldn’t get access to the data bank you had recommended to me.?
11.Nick’s guests, had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could to me. ?
12.Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers (sudden) became friendly to one another. ?21·cn·jy·com
13.(2015福建)It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first (impress)while what you say just 7 per cent. ?
14.September 30 is the day by you must pay your bill.?
15.The witnesses (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.?
16.As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed (go) into the sports club.?
17.I’d appreciate it if you would like to teach (Ⅰ)how to use the computer.?www-2-1-cnjy-com
18.I made a promise to myself this year, my first year in high school, would be different.?
19.You can borrow my car as long as you promise not (drive) too fast.?21教育网
20.To warm (he), the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.?
21.The (fail) was a big blow to him, but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. ?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.Nowadays, cycled, along with jogging and swimming, is regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
2.Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remain an essential skill for our survival.
3.A sudden stop can be a very frightened experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.
4.Mary was silence during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice to her opinion on the subject.21cnjy.com
5.Studies have shown that the right and left ear process sound different.21教育名师原创作品
6.Know basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
7.Whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily.
8.When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble think of the right things to say.
9.Before driving into the city, you are required get your car washed.
10.I noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.
11.I also shared many photos taking in Beijing with my friends.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
12.After waiting for half an hour, I was beginning to get impatiently.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
13.He had time for a properly breakfast and was still the first to reach the factory.21·世纪*教育网
14.When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city; I think I would be happy there.21*cnjy*com
15.There, Katia will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to China several times.
答案精解精析
Ⅰ.1.to go “It takes sb. some time to do sth.”为常用句式,故空格处填to go。2·1·c·n·j·y
2.national 空格处在句中作名词park的定语,故填提示词的形容词形式national。
3.physically 空格处在句中作状语,故空格处填提示词的副词形式。
4.admitted 句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认我还没有还。空格处在句中与asked作并列谓语,且表示过去发生的动作,因此应用一般过去时态。故空格处填admitted。21世纪教育网版权所有
5.their 句意:布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来,结婚生子。空格处在句中作名词daughter的定语,故填形容词性物主代词their。2-1-c-n-j-y
6.is 句意:在许多方面,美国的教育体制与英国的教育体制并无太大不同。根据语境可知,该句应用一般现在时态,主语为第三人称单数形式,故空格处填is。21*cnjy*com
7.honest 句意:那个年轻人诚实并且有合作精神,当你需要他的帮助时,他总是在那里。空格处在句中作表语,结合语境可知,空格处填honest。
8.decided 句意:当最后决定课程的时候到了,我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。空格处在句中作谓语,且表示过去发生的动作,故用一般过去时态。
9.was published 句意:这本字典已经过时了:自从它出版以来,很多单词被增加到了这种语言中。since是现在完成时的标志,从句用过去时,主句用现在完成时。故空格处填was published。
10.annoying 句意:真的令人烦恼;我无法访问你推荐给我的数据库。空格处在句中作表语,结合空前的It可知,空格处填annoying。【出处：21教育名师】
11.who 分析句子结构可知,两个逗号之间为非限制性定语从句,先行词“guests”指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,因此应用关系代词who。故空格处填who。【版权所有：21教育】
12.suddenly 空格处在句中作状语,因此空格处应用提示词的副词形式。故空格处填suddenly。
13.impression 句意:据说,肢体语言占第一印象的55%而你说的话只占7%。根据空前的定语first可知,空格处填名词impression。
14.which 句意:9月30日是你必须付账单的日期。the day是先行词,关系词在从句中作介词by的宾语,故应用关系代词which。
15.questioned 句意:警察刚才询问的目击者对于打斗过程的描述出入很大。空格处在句中作名词的后置定语,且表示被动完成,故空格处填过去分词questioned。
16.to go 句意:因为杰克把会员卡落在家里了,所以体育俱乐部不允许他进入。空格处在句中作补足语,此处实际上是“allow sb. to do sth.”的被动形式,即“sb. be allowed to do sth.”,故空格处填不定式to go。
17.me 句意:如果你教我如何使用电脑我将感激不尽。空格处在句中作宾语,结合语境可知,空格处填提示词的宾格形式。故填me。
18.that 句意:我向自己承诺,今年,我在高中的第一年,将会有所不同。myself之后为同位语从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,故空格处填that。
19.to drive 句意:只要你保证不开得太快,你就可以借我的车。动词promise之后应该接动词不定式to drive作宾语。
20.himself 句意:为了给自己取暖,那位海员坐在火炉前,光着的双脚相互摩擦着。空格处在句中作宾语,结合主语和语境可知,空格处填反身代词himself。
21.failure 句意:这次失败对他来说是个沉重的打击,可是他没有气馁,很快他又像以前那样情绪高涨了。空格处在句中作主语,结合空前的定冠词可知,空格处填名词failure。
Ⅱ.1.cycled→cycling 句意:现在骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样,被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。前两个逗号之间的单词在句中作主语,而过去分词不可作主语,故cycled改为动名词形式。
2.remain→remains 动名词短语“Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings”作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式,故remain改为remains。
3.frightened→frightening 句意:突然停止可能是一次可怕的经历,尤其是当你高速行进的时候。
4.silence→silent 句意:玛丽在讨论的前一部分是沉默的,但是最后她说出了自己对这个话题的观点。在题干中,was之后应该使用silent作表语。
5.different→differently 句意:研究表明,左右耳处理声音的方式是截然不同的。句尾的词在句中作状语,用于修饰动词process,故different改为differently。www.21-cn-jy.com
6.Know→Knowing will之前的内容在句中作主语,故此处应用动名词作主语。
7.happily→happy 系动词feel后应用形容词作表语,因此happily使用错误,happily改为happy。
8.think→thinking 此处为常用句式“have trouble (in) doing sth.”,意为“做某事有困难”,故think改为thinking。
9.required∧→to 根据“be required to do sth.”可知,get之前应该添加不定式符号to。
10.noise→noisy was之后应用形容词作表语,结合语境可知,名词noise应改为形容词 noisy。
11.taking→taken 名词photos之后为非谓语动词作后置定语,且表示被动完成,故taking改为过去分词。
12.impatiently→impatient get之后应该接形容词impatient作表语。
13.properly→proper 在名词breakfast之前应用形容词proper作定语。
14.think→thought 根据语境可知,think使用错误,此处应用一般过去时态,故think改为thought。
15.who→whom 第二个逗号之后为非限制性定语从句,先行词指人,关系词作介词of的宾语,故who使用错误,应改为whom。
专题十二 句子成分
教师备用
单句填空
1.The hospital has recently obtained new (medicine) equipment, allowing more patients to be treated.?
答案 medical 空格处在句中作名词的定语,结合语境可知,空格处填形容词medical。
单句改错
1.A company where profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
?
答案 where→whose company之后为定语从句,先行词在从句中作名词的定语,故where改为whose。
2.So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize.21世纪教育网版权所有
?
答案 ∧they→what 在题干中“they had said”为主语从句,引导词在从句中作said的宾语,故they之前添加what。21教育网
专题十二 句子成分
综合演练
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2017福建福州外国语学校高三适应性考试一)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Singles’ Day falls on November 11th every year in China, 1 is recognized as a day for people who have no girlfriends or boyfriends. Couples and lovers have Valentine’s Day in 2 (celebrate)of their love, but how about the singles? There must be a day they can celebrate even without a partner. That’s 3 people created Singles’ Day.?21cnjy.com
On Singles’ Day many singles choose to say goodbye to their single lives, 4 (attend)blind date parties, and some people even decide to get 5 (marry)to strangers. 6 this day has recently become more of a time for shopping, because many shops online will give customers great discount 7 (promote)their goods.?
More and more people are 8 (will)to shop online to get what they want, and I am one of them. I just can’t help buying things 9 I need them or not. 10 (honest)speaking, some of the things that I bought have been put aside forever in my closet.?2·1·c·n·j·y
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ?
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ?
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2017山东师范大学附中高三第一次模拟考试)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Nowadays Senior 3 students are general faced with a lot of pressure, which is rather common. To reduce it, the followed suggestions may help. First of all, know exactly what lead to your pressure, and then you can take measures to deal with it. Secondly, set up a goal what is not too high—in another words, don’t put too much pressure on yourself. Thirdly, find a way to relax you occasionally. For example, you can listen to music, go swim or just simply go walking.21·世纪*教育网
Eventually, make friend with others, such as your classmates, your teachers, your parents. They will understand you and come to your help when you are really in the trouble. In a word, never get yourself stuck in the pressure for “impossible is nothing”. www-2-1-cnjy-com
答案精解精析
Ⅰ.[语篇解读] 文章先介绍了“光棍节”的来历,然后告诉读者“光棍节”这一天现在已成为网上大购物的日子。www.21-cn-jy.com
1.which 先行词指物,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故填which。
2.celebration in celebration of为介词短语,意为“(为)庆祝”。
3.why 本句为含有why引导的表语从句的复合句,空格处在从句中作原因状语。
4.attending 此处为现在分词短语作状语,与主语是主动关系。
5.married get married to sb.为常用短语,意为“与某人结婚”。
6.But 空格处表示转折,且空后没有逗号,故填But。
7.to promote 此处为不定式短语作目的状语。
8.willing be willing to do sth.为常用短语,意为“愿意做某事”。
9.whether 结合“whether...or not”可知,空格处填whether。
10.Honestly 空格处在句中作状语,故填提示词的副词形式。
Ⅱ.第一段
1.第一句:general→generally 此处应使用副词generally作状语。
2.第二句:followed→following 修饰名词应用形容词following,意为“下列的,下述的”。
3.第三句:lead→leads what作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式,故将lead改为leads。21教育网
4.第四句:what→that/which 先行词指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故用that/which引导定语从句。
5.第四句:another→other in other words为常用短语,意为“换句话说”。
6.第五句:you→yourself 语境指的是放松自己,故将you改为反身代词yourself。
7.第六句:swim→swimming 根据下文的go walking可知,此处为go swimming, go swimming为固定搭配,意为“游泳”。21世纪教育网版权所有
第二段
8.第一句:friend→friends make friends with sb.为常用短语,故friend应用复数形式。
9.第一句:∧your parents→and your parents与前面的名词短语是并列关系,结合语境可知,应添加并列连词and。21·cn·jy·com
10.第二句:删除the in trouble为介词短语,意为“处于困境中”,故删除定冠词the。
