课件35张PPT。专题四 情态动词和虚拟语气考向分析
针对情态动词,高考主要考查的是can,should,must,may,could等常用情态动词的用法,其中情态动词表推测的用法是考查的重点。而针对虚拟语气的考查,主要涉及虚拟语气在条件状语从句、名词性从句中的用法,其中虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用是考查的重点。考点一 情态动词本专题考点考点二 虚拟语气考点清单
考点一 情态动词
一、情态动词的基本用法
单句填空
1.Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, can easily reach the books on the top shelf.
答案 can 句意:Samuel是我们班里最高的男孩,他可以轻松地够到顶 层搁板上的书。考查情态动词。can意为“可以,能够”,表示能力,符合 语境。
2.My room is a mess, but I needn’t clean it before I go out tonight; I can do it
in the morning.答案 needn’t 句意:我的房间很乱,但是在今晚外出之前我不必打扫它,
我可以早晨打扫。设空处表示“不必”,所以用needn’t。
3.It was really annoying;I couldn’t get access to the data bank you had recommended. 答案 couldn’t 句意:真令人恼火,我不能进入你推荐的数据库。根据
It was really annoying可知应用couldn’t。
单句改错
4.Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last longer.
must→could
答案 must→could 此处表示因为“我”更有耐心了,所以“我”能使
“我”的玩具用更长时间了。must表示“必须”;could表示“能”。情态动词的五个基本用法
1.表能力
①表示现在的能力:can, am/is/are able to
②表示将来的能力:will be able to
③表示过去的能力:could表示过去的能力,不表示是否成功地做了;was/ were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。
I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I can find the money.
如果我能找到钱,我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。2.表推测
①肯定句:can表示客观上的可能;may/might/could表示可能;must表示一 定;should/ought to表示应该,按说应该。
②否定句:can’t/couldn’t表示不可能;may not/might not表示可能不;shouldn’t/oughtn’t to表示应该不会。
③疑问句:can/could表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度。
Credit cards provide us with lots of convenience, but they can lead to problems.
信用卡给我们提供了许多方便,但也会带来一些问题。
—Will the book I ordered arrive on time?
—It should, if there is no traffic jam.
——我订购的那本书会按时到货吗?
——如果交通不阻塞的话,应该会。3.表请求、建议、命令、允许、允诺、禁止、义务、责任
①请求对方允许时用May/Can/Could I...?
②提出请求、征求对方意见时用Will/Would you...?或Shall I/he/she/they /we...?
③should/ought to表示应该,shouldn’t/oughtn’t to表示不应该。
④may/can(可以)表示允许、许可。
⑤must表示必须,mustn’t表示禁止。
⑥shall与第二、三人称连用,用于陈述句,表示命令、警告、允诺、威 胁;当宣布法律、规定时也常用shall。
One of our rules is that every student shall wear the school uniform while at
school.
我们其中的一项规定是,每个学生在校期间都要穿校服。4.表必要性
①must do sth.表示“必须做某事”。
②needn’t/don’t have to表示“不必”。
You needn’t get the machine repaired this week. I won’t use it until next month.
这周你不必请人修理这台机器,到下个月我才用它呢。
5.表意愿、决心
will/would可与各种人称连用,表示主语的意愿或决心。通常用于有生 命体,但有时也用于无生命体,这时是把无生命体拟人化了。
—Why hasn??t the cook arrived yet today?
—She just won??t come for such a low salary.
——为什么今天厨师还没来?
——她只是不愿意为这么低的薪水而来。二、情态动词的特殊用法
单句填空
1.It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves, should bring me food.答案 should 句意:让我难过的是,他们自己那么贫穷,竟然还给我带 来食物。本题考查情态动词。情态动词should可以表示说话人惊讶的 语气,意为“竟然”。
2.I can’t thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
答案 can’t 句意:我无论怎样感谢你都不为过……。Can’t与enough,too much等连用表示“再……也不为过”。1.can/could的否定式与比较级连用表示最高级。
2.can/could的否定式与enough或too(much)连用表示“再……也不为过”。
3.must可表示“偏要,硬要”,常用于疑问句或条件状语从句。
4.may/might as well表示“最好;不妨”。
5.would可表示过去的习惯,与used to相比,前者常表示过去反复的动作, 后者常表示过去的状态或习惯现在已不复存在。
6.should有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇,意为“竟然”。单句改错
3.Now that you’ve got a chance, you might so well make full use of it.
so→as
答案 so→as 句意:既然你得到了这个机会,你最好充分利用它。 might as well为常用表达,意为“最好;不妨”,故so改为 as。三、“情态动词+have done”的用法
单句填空
1.I should have gone (go)to my cousin’s birthday party last night,but I was not available.
答案 have gone 句意:我昨天晚上本应该去我表兄的生日聚会,但是 没有空。这里表示本应该做而没做的事,故答案是have gone。
2.Harry is feeling uncomfortable and he must have drunk too much at the party last night.
答案 must 句意:Harry感觉不舒服,他肯定在昨晚的聚会上喝多了。 根据语境可知,此处是对过去发生事情的肯定推测,故空格处填must。3.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it’s too bad. You should have made full preparations.
答案 should 句意:——对不起,妈妈!这次的求职面试我又失败了。 ——哦,真是太糟糕了。你本应该做好充分准备的。should have done表 示本该做某事,而实际上并未做,符合题意,故空格处填should。
单句改错
4.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he need have expressed
it differently.
need→could/should
答案 need→could/should 句意:杰里对发表评论不感到后悔,但是他 觉得自己本来可以/本应该用不同的方式表达。根据语境可知,此处为 could/should have done sth.,意为“本来可以/本应该做某事”。“情态动词+have done”用法一览表考点二 虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用
单句填空
1.If the new safety system had been put (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
答案 had been put 句意:如果新的安全系统被投入使用,这起事故就 不会发生了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的主句谓语部分would never have happened可知语境是对过去发生的事进行虚拟,因此if引导 的从句谓语部分应为had done。再结合语境,可知用被动语态。
2.—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have been (be) able to reach her yesterday.
答案 have been 句意:——你有Betty的电话号码吗?——有,否则,昨天我就不能联系到她了。设空处是对过去发生的事进行虚拟,应该用would have done结构,此处要用否定形式。
3.I was wearing a seat belt then; if I hadn’t been wearing one, I would have been injured(injure).
答案 have been injured 句意:我那时系着安全带呢。如果我没系安全带的话,我可能就受伤了。根据句意可知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,其谓语形式为would have done。主语I与injure为被动关系,故需用被动语态,故答案为 have been injured。单句改错
4.If you are me,would you talk to him?
are→were答案 are→were 根据后面的would可知此处为虚拟语气,表示一种假 设,if条件从句中are要改为were。
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点:
1.错综虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的动作或行为和主句表示的动作或行为发生的时 间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
If you had just followed my advice,you would be better now.
如果你刚才听了我的建议,你现在就好多了。
If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你 以前努力学习的话,你现在就是大学生了。
2.if条件状语从句的省略
在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中有had, should, were时,可省略if,把were, had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式。
If I were at school again,I would study harder.
→Were I at school again,I would study harder.
如果我再次上学的话,我会更加努力地学习。If you had come earlier,you would have caught the bus.
→Had you come earlier,you would have caught the bus.
如果你来得早些,你就能赶上那辆公共汽车了。
If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.
→Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.
如果明天下雨的话,我们就不去登山了。
注意:若省略的条件状语从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用动词 的缩略形式。如:我们可以说Were it not for the expense,I would go
abroad now.但不能说Weren’t it for the expense,I would go abroad now.
3.含蓄虚拟语气
有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件从句,而 是通过其他手段来代替条件从句。Without your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
=But for your help,...=If it had not been for your help,...=Had it not been for your help,...
没有你的帮助,我们就不能提前完成这项工作。
I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
我那天病了。否则,我就参加运动会了。
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.
他打电话告知了我你的生日,否则,我对此一点都不知道。
A few hours earlier(=If you had come a few hours earlier),you would have been able to meet the famous writer.
要是你早来几个小时,你就能见到那位著名的作家了。二、 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
1.The old lady insisted that the young man had stolen her wallet and that he (should)be sent (send)to the police station.
答案 (should)be sent 句意:那位老太太坚持说那个年轻男子偷了她 的钱包并坚持要求把他带到警局。本题考查虚拟语气。insist作“坚持 要求”讲时,其宾语从句的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略。
2.We would rather our daughter stayed (stay) at home with us, but it is her
choice, and she is not a child any longer.
答案 stayed would rather所接的从句应用虚拟语气,从句表示现在或 将来的情况时,从句的谓语动词用动词的过去式,故填stayed。单句改错
3.Some classmates suggest we can go to the places of interest nearby.
can→should或者去掉can
答案 can→should或者去掉can 考查虚拟语气。suggest表示“建 议”,后面接宾语从句时,从句中谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可 以省略。1.用于宾语从句中
(1)wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿 望。其谓语动词的构成为:
?
I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.
我希望我是一只小鸟,能在天空中自由飞翔。
I wish(that)I had met that film star yesterday.
我希望昨天遇见到那个影星了。
此外,If only+句子=How I wish+从句。If only I were a bird!=How I wish I were a bird!我要是一只鸟该多好啊!
If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!我要是看过那 部电影该多好啊!
(2)用于表示建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中,常见的动词有 insist,order,command,require,request,demand,advise,suggest,propose,rec- ommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should+动词原形”, should可以省略。
He suggested that we(should)start off early the next day.
他建议我们第二天早点出发。
They insisted that the boy(should)go with them.
他们坚持要求那个男孩子跟他们一起去。此类动词记忆小窍门:
一坚持(insist)
二命令(order,command)
三要求(require,request,demand)
四建议(advise,suggest,propose,recommend)
注意:当suggest表示“暗示,表明”之意,insist表示“坚持说”之意时, suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气,应使用陈述语气。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上
的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。
The man insisted that he had never stolen money.
那个男子坚持说他从没有偷过钱。(3)在would rather后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)表示对现在或将来的虚拟;用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。
I would rather they didn’t smoke.
我宁愿他们不吸烟。(对现在或将来的虚拟)
I would rather I had not told him the bad news.
我宁愿我没告诉他那个坏消息。(对过去的虚拟)
2.用于主语从句中
It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential+that从句,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.人们建议将会议推迟到下周。3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中
在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句 和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略。
My idea is that we(should)think it over before accepting it.
我的意见是在接受它之前我们要仔细考虑。
We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.我们都同意他的去大连观光的建议。三、虚拟语气在其他方面的应用
单句填空
1.(2017江西新余一中、宜春一中联考) You might feel as if you were (be) in a fairy tale.
答案 were 句意:你可能感觉好像身处童话之中。本题考查虚拟语 气。此处表示与现在事实相反的情况,故设空处需用一般过去时,be动 词用were。2.It is high time that you considered/should consider (consider) that if there
were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little.
答案 considered/should consider 句意:如果你的生活中没有压力,你就会获得很少,现在是你考虑这一点的时候了。本题考查虚拟语气。It is high time+that从句,从句的谓语应为动词的过去式或“should+动词原形”。
3.The upset mother thought to herself,“If only I knew (know)what’s going on in my little boy’s head right now.”
答案 knew if only 意为“要是……就好了”,所接句子常用虚拟语 气,根据right now可知,此处表示对现在的虚拟,故空格处填写动词的过 去式knew。三个特定句式中的虚拟语气技巧点拨
1.把握时间概念、重视语境信息。主要有三种方法,一是根据主句的已知信息,判断从句的谓语形式;二是根据从句的已知信息,判断主句的谓语形式;三是利用真实推出虚拟,或利用虚拟推出真实。
2.熟悉考点设置,查找句中表示虚拟语气的线索和信号。例如:如果试题中出现if,应仔细研究句意,分辨它引导的是真实条件从句,还是虚拟条件从句,若为虚拟语气,则检查主、从句中的谓语动词是否采用了相应的形式;看到一个句子时,一定要弄明白主句和从句两部分的时间所指,再看谓语动词形式是否与所指时间一致。
3.观察题干中是否出现了表示建议、命令、要求等含义的词并判断其后所接的从句中谓语是否用“should+动词原形”。4.如果题干中出现部分倒装结构或without, but for等时要判断是否考查 虚拟语气。考生判断考点为虚拟语气后,可以利用“倒推法或还原法” 推出隐含条件,进行答题。
5.关注谓语形式、留意语态正误、注意一词多义,全面把握虚拟语气。请认真完成作业专题四 情态动词和虚拟语气
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.I love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. ?
2.Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you (tell)me, I could have helped. ?
3.If it (be)for his invitation the other day, I would not be here now. ?
4.—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—I really go now;my daughter is home alone.?
5.If I (see) it with my own eyes,I wouldn’t have believed it.?
6.It might have saved me some trouble if I (know) the schedule.?
7.I wish I (be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.?
8.My mom suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend.?
9.It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.?
10. (be)there no modern telecommunications system, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.?
11.—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No.If so,he would (drive)his car to our college yesterday.?
12.(2017河北唐山一次调研)Knowing his son’s death could (avoid) if he had called the doctor, he always felt very guilty.?
13.She would be much healthier now she not burdened herself with that much pressure from work when young.?
14.—I am sure I saw Brian in the park this morning.
—You be imagining things;he left for America last night.?
15.Most citizens in Hong Kong strongly insisted that those who attacked the police with violence (put) into prison.?21世纪教育网版权所有
16.The nationwide smog serves as a constant reminder,indicating that it’s high time we (reflect)on ourselves.?
17.The children have got lost in the woods;otherwise, they would have appeared at the lakeside camp as scheduled.?
18.Some experts suggest that fashionable clothes (keep) away from.?
19.We can’t imagine that two children be killed by the washing machine of their house.?
20.It was recommended that children (offer) chances to get close to nature.?
21.The school rules state that no child be allowed out of school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult.?
22.If he (insist) that he (send) to work there,everything would be OK now.?
23.You be Carol and you haven’t changed a bit after all these years.?
24.I would rather (go) to work after my graduation,but my father would rather I (go) abroad for further education.?
25.It is required by law that enough evidence (provide) to prove one is innocent of a crime.?
26.It’s a pity you were late, otherwise you would (see) the film star Rain.?
27.Liza well not go on the trip—she hates traveling.?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.He walked in as if he bought the school, and the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.
2.Tim is a great talker and it’s high time that he does something instead of just talking.
3.It is necessary that the government finds solutions for the problem of air pollution to create a clear environment.【出处：21教育名师】
4.It has been suggested the sports meeting put off till the smog is not so severe.【版权所有：21教育】
5.I should have fallen asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing.
6.Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam is at the age of six months old.
7.I paid 200 yuan in speeding fines;if only I respected the traffic rules!21*cnjy*com
8.Will it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.www-2-1-cnjy-com
9.Did we not used an out-of-date train schedule, we would not have missed the train. 21*cnjy*com
10.We might so well wait for a bus to get to the station since we are not in a hurry.
11.If Mr. Li was here, everything would be all right.
12.My suggestion that he makes a plan first has been accepted.2-1-c-n-j-y
13.It is requested that the reporter referred to being to blame for the wrong report.
14.When the middle-aged man was visiting his girlfriend, she demanded that he shaves his beard.
15.If George had followed his father’s advice, he will be a lawyer now. 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
16.You shouldn’t pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.21·cn·jy·com
答案精解精析
Ⅰ.1.needn’t 句意:我爱周末,因为我不必在周六和周日早起。needn’t表示不必。
2.had told 句意:你上周为什么不告诉我你遇到的麻烦?如果你告诉我,我本可以帮你的。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的could have helped和last week可知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为had told。21cnjy.com
3.hadn’t been 句意:如果不是因为那天他的邀请,我现在是不会在这里的。根据句意可知,本句为错综时间条件句。主句和现在的事实相反,从句和过去的事实相反,故从句谓语动词为过去完成时。
4.must 句意:——难道你不能再多待一会儿吗?——现在我真的必须得走了,我的女儿独自一人在家。本题考查情态动词。根据上下文可知,答案为must(必须)。2·1·c·n·j·y
5.hadn’t seen 句意:如果不是我亲眼看到它,我是不会相信的。本题考查虚拟语气。由主句谓语“wouldn’t have believed”可知此处为与过去事实相反的假设,条件从句应该用过去完成时。21·世纪*教育网
6.had known 句意:要是我知道安排的话,我可能会省一些事儿。本题考查虚拟语气。由主句 “It might have saved me some trouble”可知此处是与过去事实相反的假设,所以用过去完成时。
7.had been 句意:我希望上周二我参加了我姐姐的婚礼,可是那时我正在纽约出差。考查虚拟语气。wish后的从句对过去情况进行虚拟时谓语动词应用had done。
8.should 句意:我妈妈建议我们这个周末出去吃饭来换换口味。suggest作“建议”讲时,后面的从句要用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
9.couldn’t 根据语境可知此处表示过去的能力,故用couldn’t。
10.Were 句意:要是没有现代化的电信系统,我们得等上几周才能获取世界各地的新闻。本题考查虚拟语气。根据主句谓语可知设空处表示与现在事实相反的假设,if条件从句谓语动词应为动词的过去式(be动词用were),即If there were...,在虚拟条件从句中可以省略if,把were提到句首。
11.have driven 句意:——你认为乔治通过驾照考试了吗?——没有。如果通过了,昨天他就会开车去我们大学了。由yesterday可知本句是与过去事实相反的假设,空格处为主句的谓语,故用have driven。
12.have been avoided 句意:得知如果他请了医生他儿子的死就可以避免,他总是感到很内疚。his son’s death与avoid为被动关系,故设空处需用被动语态;这里表示对过去的虚拟,空格前为情态动词,故需用“情态动词+have been+过去分词”,因此填have been avoided。
13.had 本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知从句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,其谓语应为 “had+过去分词”,本句中将if省略了,had提到句首,故设空处填had。
14.must 句意:——我确信今天上午我在公园里见到了Brian。——你一定是在胡思乱想,他昨天晚上离开去美国了。must表示肯定的推测,意为“一定”。
15.(should)be put 句意:大多数香港市民强烈要求那些用暴力袭击警察的人被关入监狱。insist 当“坚持要求”讲时,后面的从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略;those与put为被动关系,应用被动语态。综上所述,答案为(should)be put。
16.reflected/should reflect 由“it is high time sb.did/should do sth.”可知答案。
17.must 句意:孩子们一定在树林里迷路了;否则的话,他们就会按计划出现在湖边的营地了。must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。
18.(should) be kept 从句主语clothes是动作的承受者,故空格处应用被动语态;suggest意为“建议”,所接的宾语从句应用虚拟语气,即“(should+) do”。故空格处填(should) be kept。
19.should 句意:我们无法想象两个孩子竟然被家里的洗衣机绞死了。should可表示“竟然”,符合题意。
20.(should) be offered 在“It is/was recommended that...”中,从句应用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”,而题干中空格处与从句主语是被动关系,故空格处应用被动语态。
21.shall 根据空前的school rules可知,此处是学校规定的内容,结合情态动词的用法可知,shall可用于表示法律条文、规章制度等中的义务,故填shall。www.21-cn-jy.com
22.had insisted;(should) be sent 句意:如果他坚决要求被派往那儿工作的话,现在一切都好了。条件状语从句与过去事实相反,故第一空填写had insisted;在题干中,insist意为“坚决要求”,所接的宾语从句用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形,should可省略,而主语he是动作的承受者,故第二空填写(should) be sent。
23.must 句意:你一定是Carol,过了这么多年你一点都没变。must一定,表示推测,符合题意。
24.go;went 句意:我宁愿毕业后参加工作,但我父亲却宁愿我出国进修。would rather之后接动词原形,故第一空填go;当would rather后接从句时,从句谓语动词用过去式表示对现在或将来的假设;用had done表示对过去的假设,结合语境可知,第二空填写went。
25.(should) be provided 句意:根据法律要求,要有足够的证据被提供以证实一个人是无罪的。在“It is required that...”中,that之后的从句应用虚拟语气,即“(should+) do”,而主语enough evidence是动作的承受者,故空格处填(should) be provided。
26.have seen 句意:很遗憾你迟到了,否则你就会看到电影明星Rain了。根据otherwise可知,此处是含蓄虚拟语气,且表示对过去的虚拟,故填have seen。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
27.may/might 句意:莉莎有充分的理由不去旅游——她讨厌旅游。may/might well(not)do sth.意为“有充分的理由(不)做某事”。
Ⅱ.1.bought前加had as if从句内容与过去事实相反,故应用虚拟语气,在bought之前添加had。
2.does→did 在句式“It’s (high) time that...”中,that之后的从句应用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词用过去式或should do(should不可省略)。故does改为did。
3.finds→find 在“It is necessary+that...”中,从句的谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略,故finds改为find。
4.put前加be 在“It is suggested that+从句”中,that之后的从句谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”,should可省略,而本句中从句主语the sports meeting是动作的承受者,因此应用被动语态,put之前需要添加be。
5.should→must 句意:我一定是睡着了,因为我花了很长时间才意识到电话铃响了。should have done sth.意为“本应该做某事”,与语境不符,结合句意可知,should应改为must。
6.is→be recommend之后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气,即“(should+) do”,故is使用错误,应改为be。
7.respected前加had 句意:我交了200元的超速罚金;要是我遵守交通规则就好了!if only之后的句子与过去情况相反,谓语动词应用“had done”,故respected之前添加had。21教育网
8.Will→Should 句意:如果明天下雨,我们就不得不取消足球比赛。本题是与将来事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用should do/did/were to do;也可省略if,把should或were提到主语前,形成倒装,故Will改为Should。
9.Did→Had 句意:要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表,我们就不会误了火车。本题是与过去事实相反的假设,逗号之前的从句谓语动词用“had done”,而此处省略了if,had提到主语前,形成了倒装,故Did改为Had。
10.so→as 句意:既然我们不着急,我们倒不如等一辆公共汽车去车站。“may/might as well+动词原形”为常用表达,意为“最好/倒不如做某事”。故so改为as。21教育名师原创作品
11.was→were 本句是与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词应用动词的过去式,be动词使用were,故was改为were。
12.makes→make suggestion所接的同位语从句应用虚拟语气,即“(should+) do”,故makes改为make。
13.being→be 在“It is requested that...”中,that从句的谓语动词使用“(should+) do”,而题干中referred to是reporter的后置定语,故being错误,应改为be。
14.shaves→shave demand之后的宾语从句的谓语动词应用“(should+) do”,故shaves改为shave。
15.will→would 本句为错综时间条件句,从句与过去事实相反,而逗号之后的主句与现在事实相反,谓语动词应用“would+动词原形”,故will改为would。
16.shouldn’t→can’t 句意:你无论怎样重视你的阅读技巧都不为过,因为它太重要了。can’t与too much连用,表示“无论……都不为过”。故shouldn’t改为can’t。
专题四 情态动词和虚拟语气
教师备用
单句填空
1.I recommend that you (try) Baihe.com.?
答案 (should) try recommend,request,command等动词后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,should可省略。21教育网
2.It is strange that such a thing ( happen) in your school.?21cnjy.com
答案 (should)happen 在“It is strange that...”中,that之后的从句常使用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,should可省略。故空格处填(should)happen。21·cn·jy·com
单句改错
3.If my father has been here yesterday, he would have stopped me from going surfing.www.21-cn-jy.com
答案 has→had 从句与过去事实相反,谓语应用“had done”,故has改为had。
4.To our great surprise, the disabled person made a requirement that he accepted as a volunteer.
答案 accepted前加be 名词requirement之后的同位语从句应用虚拟语气,即“(should+) do”,从句的主语he是动作的承受者,故此处应用被动语态,accepted之前添加be。21世纪教育网版权所有
专题四 情态动词和虚拟语气
综合演练
Ⅰ.语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Put yourself in someone else’s shoes.” is 1 idiom that means if you imagine yourself to be in another person’s position, good or bad, you may understand how they feel, and why they have done what they’ve done.?【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
This idiom comes from the fact 2 a pair of perfectly fitting shoes for someone may not fit another person as perfectly. So, literally, only if you put 3 another person’s shoes can you feel how it is to walk in them.?www-2-1-cnjy-com
Metaphorically speaking, “their shoes” stand for other people’s positions. A local boy is detained(扣留) by the police for a theft, and one of his friends might 4 (private) say to himself: “I wouldn’t want to be in his shoes now.” That is, he doesn’t want 5 (put) into prison for stealing.?2-1-c-n-j-y
By trying to “put on their shoes”, we try to imagine ourselves in 6 (they)situations, by seeing 7 (thing) from their points of view, by thinking about how we would want to be treated if we 8 (be) them.?
Harper Lee, of course,has expressed this idea best in To Kill a Mockingbird: “You never 9 (real) understand a person until you consider things from his point of view—until you climb inside of his skin 10 walk around in it.”?【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Ⅱ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。21*cnjy*com
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Yesterday I attended a lecture delivering by Professor Zhang. From lecture I learned that with the development of TVs and computers, people today sit a lot more than ever before on history. That has a bad effect on their healthy. Not only can this habit make your neck and back aches, but it may also make you fat, and increase with the risk of heart disease and even death. 2·1·c·n·j·y
To prevent these problem, Professor Zhang suggested those who sit too much formed some good habits in life, such as going to school or work on foot or by bike. He particular reminded us that our students should stand up to do some activities during the break time at school.21·世纪*教育网
答案精解精析
Ⅰ.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍的是“Put yourself in someone else’s shoes.”这一习语的含义。21世纪教育网版权所有
1.an 考查冠词。idiom在句中表示泛指,且发音以元音音素开头,故空格处填不定冠词an。
2.that 考查名词性从句。fact 之后是其具体内容,即同位语从句,从句不缺少成分,故应用that作为引导词。
3.on 考查副词。此处为动词短语“put on”,意为“穿上”,故空格处填副词on。
4.privately 考查副词。空格处在句中作状语,用于修饰动词,故提示词的副词形式符合题意。
5.putting/to be put 考查非谓语动词。当want作为谓语动词,主语是动作的承受者时,之后需要接“doing/to be done”,故空格处填putting/to be put。21教育网
6.their 考查物主代词。空格处作名词的定语,故their符合题意。
7.things 考查名词。thing为可数名词,空前没有冠词或代词,故填提示词的复数形式。
8.were 考查虚拟语气。if条件从句是与现在事实相反的假设,空格处作为从句的谓语动词,应用动词的过去式,而be动词应用were。21cnjy.com
9.really 考查副词。空格处在句中作状语,故提示词的副词形式与题意相符。
10.and 考查并列连词。空格前后是并列关系,故并列连词and符合题意。
Ⅱ.1.第一段第一句:delivering→delivered 名词lecture之后为非谓语动词作后置定语,且表被动和完成,故用过去分词形式。21·cn·jy·com
2.第一段第二句:lecture前加the 名词lecture在句中表示特指,故之前应用定冠词。
3.第一段第二句:on→in “in history”为常用短语,意为“在历史上”。故on改为in。
4.第一段第三句:healthy→health 根据物主代词their可知,healthy应用名词形式。
5.第一段第四句:aches→ache 此处ache作make的宾补。
6.第一段第四句:删除with 此处increase为及物动词,之后可直接跟名词作宾语,故删除介词with。
7.第二段第一句:problem→problems these应该接可数名词的复数形式。
8.第二段第一句:formed→form suggest意为“建议”时,所接宾语从句用虚拟语气,即“(should)+动词原形”。
9.第二段第二句:particular→particularly reminded之前应用副词作状语。www.21-cn-jy.com
10.第二段第二句:our→we that之后的our应改为we,students是we的同位语。
