课件54张PPT。第二部分 语法专练
专题一 名词、冠词和代词考向分析
在高考中,涉及名词的考点主要包括名词复数、名词所有格等;涉及冠 词的考点主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法,有时在短文改错中会考查 零冠词;代词考点主要包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词 等的用法。考点一 名词考点二 冠词 考点三 代词 本专题考点考点清单
考点一 名词
一、名词的复数
单句填空
1.(2017全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds ??? (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
答案 crowds 根据语境可知,此处表示的是人群,空格前无冠词,因此 crowd应用复数形式,故空格处填crowds。2.(2017全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations ?? (invitation) to
star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.答案 invitations 空前的several常用于修饰可数名词的复数,故空格 处填复数名词invitations。
3.In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives ??? (knife) and forks.
答案 knives 根据空后的名词forks可知,可数名词knife应用复数形式。
单句改错
4. (2017全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!”?? word→words ??
答案 word→words 根据引号内的内容可知,此处word应用复数形式。
可数名词单数变复数规则
1.规则变化续表2.不规则变化
(1)变内部元音
foot—feet脚 man—men男人
woman—women女人 tooth—teeth牙
goose—geese鹅 gentleman—gentlemen绅士
(2)单复数同形的名词
sheep绵羊 deer鹿
spacecraft太空船 aircraft飞行器
Chinese中国人 Japanese日本人
Swiss瑞士人 means方法
crossroads十字路口 headquarters总部
series连续 species种类
(3)外来名词的复数形式
criterion—criteria标准 phenomenon—phenomena现象
analysis—analyses分析 basis—bases基础
crisis—crises危机 thesis—theses论文
bacterium—bacteria细菌 medium—media媒体
(4)fish表示不同种类的鱼时,其复数形式通常为fishes,而表示鱼的条数 时,其复数形式与单数形式相同。表示“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。
There are many different fishes in this river.
这条河中有很多不同种类的鱼。
I bought five fish today.今天我买了五条鱼。(5)penny表示便士的“价值”时复数为pence,常与数词搭配来表示钱 数:five pence五便士,ten pence十便士;表示便士的“个数”时复数为 pennies。
(6)people指“人”时是person的一种复数形式,指“民族”时其复数形 式为peoples。
one person一个人 two people两个人
a people一个民族 two peoples两个民族二、名词所有格
单句填空
1. Albert’s ?? (Albert) birthday is on next Saturday, and I’m planning
a surprise party for him.
答案 Albert’s 句意:Albert的生日在下周六,我正在计划为他开一个 派对,给他一个惊喜。空格处在句中作名词birthday的定语,结合语境可 知,空格处应填写提示词的所有格形式。故空格处填Albert’s。
单句改错
2.When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.
?? friend→friend’s ??
答案 friend→friend’s 句意:当我最终到达朋友家时,他借给了我许多 衣服。名词所有格可表示地点,结合语境可知,friend应改为friend’s。
1.名词所有格的用法
①-’s所有格主要用于表示人或其他有生命的名词的所有关系,表示 “……的”。例如:
Well-known for their expertise,his parents’ company,called“Future Tours”,transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.他父母的 公司——“未来之旅”以其专业技术而闻名,该公司用时空穿梭机平安 地把我送入了未来。
Have you read Robert Browning’s poems?
你读过罗伯特·勃朗宁的诗吗?
②表示时间、距离、价格。例如:
today ’ s newspaper今天的报纸
a five days ’ journey一次五天的旅行
③表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时,名词所有格后常常不出 现它所修饰的名词。例如:
at the barber ’s (shop)在理发店
at the doctor ’s (office)在医院
at the tailor’s (shop)在裁缝店
2.-’s所有格的构成规则考点二 冠词
一、不定冠词的用法
单句填空
1.For Pahlsson, its return was a ??? wonder.
答案 a 句意:对Pahlsson来说,它的回归是一个奇迹。根据语境可知, 空格处修饰wonder且表示泛指,故填不定冠词a。
2.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a ?? Beethoven.
答案 a 句意:Brian在作曲方面很有天赋,他很有可能会成为一个贝多 芬式的人物。本题考查冠词。a在此处表示“一位……式的人物”。
3.Life is like an ??ocean:Only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.
答案 an 句意:生活就像一片海洋,只有那些意志坚强的人才能到达 彼岸。ocean在此处为可数名词,在本句中表示泛指,故用不定冠词,o- cean以元音音素开头,故答案为an。
单句改错
4.(2017课标全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.
??第一个a→an ?
答案 第一个a→an 在题干中,名词hour是以元音音素开头的单词,因 此它前面的不定冠词a使用错误,应改为an。
v
1.不定冠词有a,an两种形式,当紧跟着冠词的单词的发音以辅音音素(注 意:不是辅音字母)时用a;当紧跟着冠词的单词的发音以元音音素(注意: 不是元音字母)开头时用an。如:
a university,a useful animal,a one-eyed dog,a European car,an hour,an honest boy,an X-ray,an ugly man,an honor等。
2.不定冠词的用法:
①用于单数可数名词前,表示泛指;
②用于表示数量“一”;
③用于第一次提到的某人或某物之前;
④用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”;
⑤用于时间、重量等名词前,表示“每一”;
⑥用于专有名词前,表示具有某种特性的人或物,某一位不认识的人或 某个不确定的时间;
⑦用于抽象名词具体化时的某些名词之前;
⑧用于某些物质名词前表“一杯、一份、一场、一阵”等;
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough days.在那 些艰苦的日子里能够买得起一杯饮料是一种安慰。
Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally re- spected.任何人,无论是官员还是公交车司机,都应该得到同等的尊重。二、定冠词的用法
单句填空
1.(2017江西赣中南五校一模) The ??World Wide Web is quickly becom- ing the world’s most popular matchmaker(媒人).
答案 The 句意:万维网正在迅速成为世界上最受欢迎的媒人。 “World Wide Web”是由普通名词构成的专有名词,这类专有名词常 与定冠词连用,故填The。
2.(2017课标全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over the ?? top.
答案 the 根据语境可知,此处表特指,故空格处填写定冠词the。
3.This area experienced the??? heaviest rainfall in the?? month of May.
答案 the;the 根据语境及第一空之后的最高级可知,第一空应填写定 冠词the,而第二空特指的是5月份,因此也应该填写定冠词。
单句改错
4.(2017课标全国卷Ⅰ)I still remember how hard first day was.
?? first前加the或my ??
答案 first前加the或my 序数词first前应用定冠词the,另外,结合语境 可知,也可在first前添加物主代词my。
定冠词的常见用法
①用于特指的人或事物前;
②用于自然界中独一无二的事物前;
③用于双方都知道或上文已提到的人或物之前;
④用于表方向或方位的名词前;
⑤用于形容词或形容词化的过去分词前,表示一类人或物;
⑥用于表示西洋乐器的名词之前;
⑦用于姓氏的复数名词前,表示某某一家人、某某夫妇等;
⑧用于整十的数词的复数形式前,表示年代。
Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.萨拉满意地看着那幅已画完的画。
三、短语或句式中的冠词
单句填空
1.(2017课标全国卷Ⅰ)As a ??? result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
答案 a as a result是常用短语,意为“结果,因此”。故空格处填不定 冠词a。
2.(2016全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the ?? other is with mum—she never suspects.
答案 the 根据语境和one可知,此处为常用表达“one...the other...”。故空格处填the。
3.(2015陕西卷) The ?? more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.
答案 The 句意:一个人越有学问,他通常就越谦虚。此处为常用句式 “the+比较级...,the+比较级...”,意为“越……就越……”。故空格处 填The。
单句改错
4.(2016浙江卷)Every time he arrived home at end of the day, we’d greet him at the door.
?? end前面加the ??
答案 end前面加the at the end of为介词短语,故应该在end之前添加
定冠词the。
1.含有不定冠词的常考短语
have a cold得了感冒 have a good time玩得高兴
have a gift for有……的天赋 have a word with与……谈话
have/take a rest休息一下 have a holiday度假
make a living谋生 get a lift搭便车
go on a diet节食 as a result因此
as a matter of fact事实上 after a while过了一会儿
in a hurry匆忙地 in a sense在某种意义上in a word总之 in a moment立刻
once in a while偶尔 at a loss困惑,不知所措
at a distance离一段距离 for a while暂时,一时
once upon a time从前 all of a sudden突然
a waste of...……的浪费 a matter of...……的问题
What a pity!真遗憾! with a score of以……的分数
have a population of有……人口
have a history of有……的历史
have an area of有……的面积
a collection of一批……
have a knowledge of具有某方面的知识 have an understanding of了解/熟悉……
注意:通常成对出现的名词(被视为一套或一体),一般只用一个不定冠 词。如:a knife and fork一副刀叉。
2.含有定冠词的常考短语
in the end最后,终于 in the daytime在白天
in the habit of习惯于 make the most/best of充分利用
in the distance在远处 in the way挡路
on the whole总之 on the right/left在右/左面
at the same time同时 at the moment此刻
for the time being暂时 in the public eye 广为人知的
go to the doctor’s去看医生 by the way顺便说一下on the radio/phone在广播/电话里
on the spot在现场,立即,马上,当场
to tell(you)the truth说实话,老实说
go to the cinema去看电影
not in the least(=not at all)一点也不
on the one hand...,on the other hand...一方面……,另一方面……
for the most part通常,多半四、零冠词的用法
单句改错
1.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom build-
ings.
??删除第一个the ??
答案 删除第一个the all kinds of之后直接跟名词,不需要使用冠词,故 删除定冠词the。
2.My the room is in a mess, but I needn’t clean it before I go out tonight.
??删除room之前的the ??
答案 删除room之前的the room之前已有物主代词my,而定冠词不可 与物主代词连用,故应该删除the。
3.(2017东北三省四市联考)He said he painted for a pleasure.
??去掉a ??
答案 去掉a 句意:他说他画画是为了消遣。此处的pleasure为不可数 名词,故将不定冠词a去掉。
4.One Monday afternoon, we were playing the basketball in the playground when I suddenly slipped and fell over.
??去掉basketball前的the ??
答案 去掉basketball前的the 与play连用时,表示球类运动的名词前通 常不用冠词,故将basketball前的the去掉。
1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指,用零冠词。
My father went to the doctor for advice about his heart trouble.
我父亲去了医生那里寻求关于他的心脏病的建议。
2.名词前已有this,that,my,your,some,each,no,any等时不再用冠词。
She is not my type of woman.
她不是我心目中的那类女人。
His heart was beating wildly with fear.
他的心因害怕而狂跳不已。 He went to some place in France.
他到法国某个地方去了。
Each student must hand in his/her exercise book.
每个学生都必须上交他/她的练习本。
3.零冠词的用法口诀
月、季、星期、洲,
称呼、头衔、职务前;
三餐、球类、惯用语;
学科、棋类名词前。
A year can be divided into four seasons—spring,summer,autumn and win- ter.一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋和冬。
He has no lessons on Sundays.
他周日没有课。
Mr.Li is chairman of the meeting.
李先生是本次会议的主席。
(注:表示称呼、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补足语时常用零冠词)
但以上用法是相对而言的,在不同的句子中,可能会用到不定冠词或定 冠词。因此,用不用冠词要视情况而定。
Autumn is the harvest season.
秋季是收获的季节。
The organization was founded in the spring of(the year)2010.
这个组织是在2010年春天成立的。
考点三 代词
一、人称代词的用法
单句填空
1.(2017湖北襄阳调研)In the deaf culture of North America, many listen- ers show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them ?? (they) in the air.
答案 them 句意:在北美聋人文化中,许多听众不是通过拍手而是通 过在空中挥手以表示鼓掌。设空处作动词的宾语,故用them。
2.(2017课标全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it ?? ev-ery day.
答案 it 分析题干可知,空格处用于指代前面的the railway,故空格处 填it。
单句改错
3.(2016全国卷Ⅲ)At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
?? need前加I ??
答案 need前加I 在题干中,whenever引导的状语从句中缺少主语,结 合空前语境可知,need之前应该添加人称代词I。
1.人称代词不同的格在句中有不同的句法功能:人称代词的主格常作主 语或表语;宾格可作宾语也可作表语或同位语。
He would drown his sadness in coffee.(主格作主语)
他会借咖啡来浇愁。
Thank you for your letter.(宾格作及物动词的宾语)
谢谢你的来信。
I bought a present for him.(宾格作介词的宾语)
我给他买了件礼物。
Hi,it’s me.(宾格作表语)
你好,是我。2.人称代词单独使用时,常用宾格。
—Glad to meet you.
——见到你很高兴。
—Me,too.
——我也是。
3.it的用法
①指代上文提到的某样东西
Where is my dictionary?I left it right on the desk.
我的字典哪里去了?我就把它放在桌子上了。
②用以代替指示代词this,that
—What’s this?——这是什么?
—It’s a flag.——这是一面旗。—Whose exercise book is that?——那是谁的练习本?
—It’s hers.——那是她的。
③指不知性别的婴儿或身份不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)
The baby cried because it was hungry.
这个婴儿因饥饿而啼哭。
④指时间、天气、距离等
It is nine o’clock sharp now.现在是9点整。
It is raining hard outside.外面雨下得正大。
It is a long way to the factory.到工厂有很长一段路。
⑤作形式主语或形式宾语
it常用来代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或名词性从句作形式主语或 形式宾语。
It’s not easy to learn a foreign language.(作形式主语,代替不定式短语)
学习一门外语不容易。
It’s impossible for him to get there in time.(作形式主语,代替不定式短语)
他不可能及时到达那里。
It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.(作形式主 语,代替动名词短语)
独居而不和外人来往是没有好处的。
I find it easy to get on with Jim.(作形式宾语,代替不定式短语)
我发现和吉姆相处很容易。I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.(作形式宾语,代 替名词性从句)
我已经讲得很清楚了,任何人都不准在这儿吸烟。
⑥用于强调句型
强调句型的基本形式:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。被强 调部分为“人”时可用who/that,被强调部分是“事物”时用that。
It is I who/that am right.(强调主语)
It was him that/who we met at the school gate.(强调宾语)
It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(强调状语)二、物主代词的用法
单句填空
1.(2017河南八市重点高中二次质检)That time, I thought he was a strange man who got on my ??(I)nerves.
答案 my 设空处后为名词,再根据提示词“I”可知设空处需用形容 词性物主代词,故填my。get on one’s nerves为固定短语,意为“烦扰某 人,使某人心神不定”。
2.(2015课标全国卷Ⅰ)A few hours before,I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with its ??? (it) choking smog.
答案 its 空格处作名词短语的定语,故填形容词性物主代词its。
3.This is 18-year-old Musa Bockarie’s story about how first aid saved his ?
(he) life.
答案 his 设空处需用形容词性物主代词作名词life的定语,故填his。
单句改错
4.(2017全国卷Ⅲ)This picture often brings back to me many happy memo- ries of your high school days.
?? your→my ??
答案 your→my 根据语境可知,此处为物主代词指代错误,your应改 为my。
1.形容词性物主代词
形容词性物主代词相当于形容词。置于名词之前,作定语。
Is this your seat,sir?
这是你的座位吗,先生?
The government has changed its policy.
政府已经改变了政策。2.名词性物主代词
名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、 表语、宾语。
This is not my dictionary.Mine was lent to Lucy.(作主语)
这不是我的字典,我的借给露西了。
This camera is mine and that is yours.(作表语)
这部照相机是我的,那部是你的。
Every person showed their ticket,and I showed mine too.(作宾语)
每个人都出示了他们的票,我也出示了我的。
三、反身代词的用法
单句填空
1.“She thought I had hurt myself ??? (Ⅰ),”says Pahlsson.
答案 myself 空格处在从句中作宾语,结合语境“她以为我伤到了自 己”和主语I可知,空格处应该填写反身代词myself。
2.(2017山东师大附中二模) At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced herself ??(her).
答案 herself 设空处作宾语,设空处与主语an attractive young lady指 同一个人,故用反身代词herself。
3.He seems to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself ?? (he) in Paris, on the contrary,he had a wonderful time.
答案 himself 此处为常用短语enjoy oneself,意为“玩得高兴;过得快 乐”。故空格处填反身代词himself。
单句改错
4.(2016课标全国卷Ⅲ)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.
? yourself→myself ???
答案 yourself→myself 句意:起初,我以为我什么都知道,可以自己做 决定。根据主语和语境可知,结尾的反身代词yourself使用错误,应改为 myself。
反身代词的基本用法
??四、不定代词的用法
单句填空
1.Niki is always full of ideas,but none ???is useful to my knowledge.
答案 none 句意:Niki总是会有很多想法,但是就我所知没有一个想法 是有用的。本题考查代词。none(三者或三者以上)没有一个。
单句改错
2.(2017课标全国卷Ⅱ)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.
?? all→both或删除all ??
答案 all→both或删除all 题干提到的是两个人,而all指三者或三者以 上的全部,故把all改为both或删除all。
1.both,all,either,any,neither,none的区别I’ve bought two books;you can have either.
我买了两本书,你要哪本都行。
None of this money is mine.
这笔钱没有一点是我的。2.none,nobody/no one,nothing的区别3.one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those的区别We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose one(=a summer camp)based on your own interests.(one代替“a/an+单数
名词”)
我们为您的假期准备了各种各样的夏令营,您可以根据自己的兴趣选择
一种。
The book on the desk is better than the one/that(=the book)under the desk. (the one/that代替“the+单数名词”)
桌上的那本书比桌下的那本书要好。
The books on the desk are better than the ones/those(=the books)under the desk.(the ones/those代替“the+复数名词”)
桌上的那些书比桌下的那些书好。
Little joy can equal that(=the joy)of a surprising ending when you read sto- ries.(that代替“the+不可数名词”)
几乎没有什么乐趣能比得上在阅读故事时读到一个出乎意料的结局时 的乐趣。技巧点拨
语篇型填空和短文改错中均有考查名词的题目。如:
例1 Two months ???(month)ago, a policeman caught a thief.
例2 This book doesn’t belong to me. It is Tom’s ??(Tom).
例3 The books ???(book)that they are talking about are very interesting.
例4 I have only been there a couple of time.(改错)
?? time→times ??
一般情况下,语篇型填空常在有提示词的情况下要求考生写出适当形式 的名词,常考查名词的复数形式或名词所有格。其解题思路是:①当设 空处前为冠词(a,an,the)、数词、名词所有格(Tom’s)、形容词性物主代
词(my, your等)或形容词等时,通常可判断设空处是在考查名词(如例1); 如果设空处后有定语从句、形容词短语、分词短语或介词短语时,一般
可判断设空处是考查名词(如例3);作句子的主语、宾语(包括介词的宾 语)时,一般可以考虑设空处考查名词。②如果提示词为名词,需要考虑 该名词应该用复数形式还是所有格形式(如例2)。
短文改错一般考查名词的“数”和“格”,常要求考生根据上下文内容 将不合逻辑的有关名词的“数”或“格”的错误找出来并加以改正 (如例4)。
考查代词的题目常常出现在语篇型填空和短文改错中。如:
例1 I am sorry I can’t lend the bike to you, for Tom is using it ??.
例2 Helen is studying in the library. You can find her ????(she)there.
例3 The problem is difficult to deal with. I can ’ t solve it by myself ??(me).
例4 I can ’ t work without my glasses. They ’ re very important to you.(改错)
?? you→me ??
在选择代词时,我们要考虑是指代人还是指代物,是男还是女,是单数还 是复数。
考查冠词的题目常常出现在语篇型填空中。如:
例1 He asked me to go out for a ??walk in the park.
例2 Do you know the ??girl in the room?
语篇型填空中,若名词前没有其他限定词时,很可能就是填冠词。确定 用定冠词还是用不定冠词可依据其表泛指还是特指(如例2),有时要依 据固定搭配(如例1)。
请认真完成作业专题一 名词、冠词和代词
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句填空
1. was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
2.(2016课标全国卷Ⅱ)Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. ?【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
3.The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.?
4.(2016课标全国卷Ⅱ)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. ?
5.(2015课标全国卷Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese (painting).?
6.(2017课标全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as model in New York. ?
7.I’d appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.?
8.Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children, and he owned farm, which looked almost abandoned. ?
9.(2017山东临沂一模)In China,I always spend the Spring Festival with Chinese (family).?
10. prize for the winner of the competition is two-week holiday in Paris. ?
11.Recycling is one way to protect the environment;reusing is .?
12.Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write a children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in way.?
13.As we returned home, I gathered some (item).?
14.(2017江西赣中南五校一模) Dating sites also make easy to avoid someone who you are not interested in.?www.21-cn-jy.com
15.She remembered how difficult was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. ?
16.Any smell might attract natural (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.?
17.(2017山东烟台一模)Due to the strong voluntary support from the local people,the blood bank has enough blood to serve the local patients round clock.?2·1·c·n·j·y
18.The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than on the small ones.?
19.Generally, (students) inner motivation is essential to their development.?2-1-c-n-j-y
20.(2017福建龙岩3月质检)More danger exists, but they cannot see .?
21.The idea of Father’s Day came from American woman called Sonora Smart Dodd in 1909.?
22.Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small (carrot) and was about to throw them away. ?21·世纪*教育网
23.At our factory there are a few machines similar to described in this magazine.?
24.The parents were shocked by news that their son needed an operation on his knee.?
25.It’s an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do .?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2017课标全国卷Ⅱ)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.
2.(2016课标全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.
3.When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years later.
4.(2016课标全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.
5.(2016课标全国卷Ⅱ) If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.
6.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.【版权所有：21教育】
7.Mum taught me some basic step of baking.
8.Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.
9.(2017河南毕业班适应性考试) A man immediately rushed to the girl to give him first aid.
10.(2017湖北荆门调研考试) Miss Ding was a very kind women teacher.
11.(2017河南豫南九校质量考评) The blog serves as open platform where you can do lots of things.
12. (2017山西晋商四校联考)Li Lin is a senior three students who devotes himself to his study every day.
13.So, instead of giving us answers immediately, he encourages us to think by myself whenever he puts forward questions.
14.(2017山东临沂一模)I’m glad you’ve been offered two summer jobs at same time—working in a restaurant and working in a museum.
15.(2017江西九江十校二联) Though I was unhappy, I understood my parents and followed their advices.
16.In addition to these item, I take plenty of food and water.
答案精解精析
Ⅰ.1.It 句意:就在我返回我的公寓的时候,我第一次遇到了我的新邻居。本题考查强调句。It is/was...that/who...是强调句式,本句中强调了when引导的时间状语从句,设空处应用It。
2.studies 空格处在主句中作主语,结合谓语动词show可知,空格处应用复数形式。故空格处填studies。
3.that 句意:这所小学校的教学质量比一些更大的学校的(教学质量)好。本句需用that替代前面的the quality of education,以避免重复。21教育网
4.a for a while为常用短语。故空格处填不定冠词a。
5.paintings many用于修饰可数名词的复数形式,故填paintings。
6.a 根据语境可知,空格处在句中表示泛指,故填不定冠词a。
7.it 句意:假如你提前让我知道你是否会来,我将不胜感激。考查代词。I’d appreciate it if...属于固定句式,表示“假如……我将不胜感激”。21·cn·jy·com
8.a 名词farm在句中表示泛指,故空格处填不定冠词。
9.families 句意:在中国,我总是和中国家庭在一起过春节。family表示家庭为可数名词,设空处前面没有不定冠词,故需用名词复数形式表示泛指。21cnjy.com
10.The;a 句意:这次比赛获胜者的奖赏是巴黎两周游。第一空后的名词prize在本句中表示特指,故用The;第二空后的holiday为可数名词,在本句中表示泛指,结合two-week可知与不定冠词a连用。
11.another 句意:回收利用是保护环境的一种方式,重复使用是保护环境的另外一种方式。another再一,又一。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
12.the get in the way妨碍。
13.items 句意:当我们回到家时,我收集了一些东西。item为可数名词,some在本句中表示“一些”,由此可知需在设空处填item的复数形式。www-2-1-cnjy-com
14.it 设空处用it作形式宾语,“to avoid someone...”为真正的宾语。
15.it 空格处为形式主语,真正的主语是空后的不定式短语,故空格处填it。
16.enemies 空格处在句中作宾语,而空前没有冠词,根据语境可知,空格处应填写提示词的复数形式。
17.the 句意:由于当地人们的大力自愿支持,这个血库有足够的血给当地的病人提供昼夜不停的服务。round the clock为固定结构,意为“昼夜不停地”。21世纪教育网版权所有
18.that 首先将题干改为:The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than the traffic on the small ones.然后考虑用that代替特指的the traffic,以避免重复。21*cnjy*com
19.students’ 分析题干可知,空格处在句中作定语,结合语境可知,空格处应该填写提示词的所有格形式。故空格处填students’。
20.it 句意:更多危险存在,但是他们并未看到。根据More danger exists可判断danger在此处为不可数名词,故设空处用it。21*cnjy*com
21.an 空后的woman为可数名词单数,在句中表示泛指,结合定语American可知,an符合题意。
22.carrots 根据空后的人称代词them和语境可知,空格处应该填写提示词的复数形式。故填carrots。
23.those 句意:在我们工厂有几台机器和这本杂志里描述的那些相似。首先将题干补全为:At our factory there are a few machines similar to the machines described in this magazine.然后考虑用those替代特指的the machines,以避免重复。
24.the 名词news在句中表示特指,故空格处填定冠词the。
25.both 句意:这是二者择其一的局面——我们今年可以买一辆新车,或者可以去度假,但是不能二者兼顾。both用于否定句表示部分否定,意为“并非两者都”。
Ⅱ.1.informations→information information 是一个不可数名词,没有复数形式,故informations错误,应改为information。21教育名师原创作品
2.删除the at first为介词短语,故删除定冠词the。
3.children→child 在逗号前,根据主语和不定冠词a可知,children使用错误,应用单数形式。
4.the→a in a short period of time为介词短语,意为“在短时间内”,故the改为a。【出处：21教育名师】
5.knowledges→knowledge knowledge为不可数名词,没有复数形式,故句中的knowledges使用错误,应改为knowledge。
6.hurry前加a in a hurry为常用短语,意为“匆忙”,故hurry之前添加不定冠词a。
7.step→steps 根据定语some和语境可知,可数名词step应用复数形式。
8.a→an average的发音以元音音素开头,之前应用an,故a改为an。
9.him→her give的宾语是那个女孩儿,因此用her而非him。
10.women→woman 句意:丁小姐是一位非常热心的女教师。a woman teacher一位女教师。
11.open前加an platform为可数名词,在本句中表泛指,故在open前加不定冠词。open的发音以元音音素开头,故在open前加an。
12.students→student 句意:李林是一个高三的学生,每天他都全身心投入学习。根据本句主语(单数第三人称)可知需将students改为单数形式student。
13.myself→ourselves ourselves与前面的us对应。
14.same前加the 句意:我很高兴你同时获得了两份暑假工作——在饭店工作和在博物馆工作。at the same time为固定结构,故在same前加the。
15.advices→advice advice为不可数名词,没有复数形式,故将advices改为advice。
16.item→items或these→this these需与可数名词复数连用。this可与名词单数连用。
专题一 名词、冠词和代词
教师备用
单句填空
1.While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.?21·cn·jy·com
答案 changes 空格处在主句中作主语,结合空后的are可知,changes符合题意。
2.Mi Yue, real historical figure who lived during the Warring States Period, was reportedly the first empress dowager in China.?21cnjy.com
答案 a 可数名词figure在句中表示泛指,结合real可知空格处填不定冠词a。
单句改错
3.There are two girls from my course here and I plan to make friend with them so that we can help each other on the course work.21教育网
答案 friend→friends make friends with为动词短语,意为“与……交朋友”。www.21-cn-jy.com
4.Thank to her help, I made great progress in my study.21世纪教育网版权所有
答案 Thank→Thanks thanks to为常用短语,意为“由于,幸亏”。
5.The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella because he found we were wet through.
答案 a→an 名词umbrella的音标以元音音素开头,故之前应用an。
专题一 名词、冠词和代词
综合演练
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2017黑龙江哈尔滨三中高三上学期期末)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
You are never too old to try to make your dreams come true.www.21-cn-jy.com
This could be Mary Moe’s motto...the expression 1 best represents her spirit.Mary Moe 2 (do) a lot of things during the past 91 years.For much of that time, she wanted to fly, 3 never had the chance. She recently achieved her lifelong dream.?www-2-1-cnjy-com
Mary Moe may look like 4 average grandmother.But she is not.She just learned how to fly an airplane to realize the dream she has had 5 she was a little girl.?2-1-c-n-j-y
Growing up, she was inspired by two American pilots: Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart.They became her 6 (inspire).Lindbergh made a solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927.Five years later, Earhart became the first woman 7 (make) the flight.?21*cnjy*com
But Mary Moe could not find time to make her dream come true.At the age of 34, 8 (her)was just too busy—busy fighting cancer.She was also busy with her job and busy raising her family.Everything seemed to be working 9 Mary.?【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Then, at 91, her wish 10 (final) came true.The new pilot says it is never too late to spread your wings and try something new.?【出处：21教育名师】
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ?
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ?
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2017山西太原高三上学期期末)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。【版权所有：21教育】
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
We are aiming to build a peaceful school. I thought it is every student’s duty to work hard to achieve this goal. As high school student, what should we do? First for all, we should love our school. Meanwhile, you should respect our teachers and obeying the rules in our school. Secondly, we should show our respect for our teachers and do which we can help them. Besides, we classmates should also try to be kind and friendly. Most important, all of us must believe in each other and been honest in our daily life. And we will study even more harder and try our best to do all.21·世纪*教育网
答案精解精析
Ⅰ.[语篇解读] 梦想的实现永远也不晚,甚至和年龄无关。本文讲述了一位老奶奶在91岁时实现了她女孩儿时的梦想——当一名飞行员。21世纪教育网版权所有
1.that/which 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词为the expression,从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词that或which。21cnjy.com
2.has done 考查动词的时态。根据句子的时间状语during the past 91 years“在过去的91年中”以及整个句子的含义可知,这里指她已经完成了很多事情。21·cn·jy·com
3.but 考查连词。根据句意可知,在她生命中的大部分时间里她都想飞行,但从来都没有机会。故用but。
4.an 考查冠词。grandmother第一次出现且为单数可数名词,前面还有形容词average修饰,故填an。
5.since 考查连词。空格前为完成时,空格后为一般过去时,结合语境可知用since“从……以后;自……以来”。2·1·c·n·j·y
6.inspirations 考查名词。inspire的名词形式为inspiration,意为“给人灵感的人”时为可数名词。
7.to make 考查不定式作后置定语。woman之前有the first,故后置定语要用不定式。
8.she 考查代词。本句缺少主语,故这里应该填人称代词主格she。
9.against 考查介词。根据上下文的语境可知,主人公年轻的时候诸事不顺,因此填against。
10.finally 考查副词。final的副词形式为finally,修饰动词短语came true。21教育网
Ⅱ.1.第二句中thought→think 考查时态。第一句以及后面的it is都是一般现在时,结合语境可知把thought改为think。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
2.第三句中student→students 考查名词复数。由后面的what should we do可知,这里应用复数。
3.第四句中for→of 考查介词。此处是一个固定词组,first of all 首先。
4.第五句中you→we 考查代词。人称代词错误,这里指我们应该尊重老师,因此把you改为we。
5.第五句中obeying→obey 考查动词。obey与前面的respect是并列关系,should后面跟动词原形。
6.第六句中which→what 考查宾语从句。do what we can尽我们所能。
7.第六句中在can和help之间加to 考查不定式。此处用动词不定式表目的。
8.第八句中important→importantly 考查副词。 修饰全句,应用副词作状语。most importantly最重要的是。
9.第八句中been→be 考查动词。此处与前面的believe为并列关系,情态动词后面需要使用动词原形。
10.第九句中去掉more 考查形容词比较级。后面是比较级harder,前面不需要使用more。
