第一部分 基础知识
必修二 Unit 1 Cultural Relics
1. 了解世界文化遗产，进而激发学生的文化遗产保护意识。
2. 在已有知识的基础上阐述自己对文化遗产和保护文化遗产的观点，从而可以进一步提高学生听、说、读、写综合素质能力。
Honey, do you know any rare and valuable cultural relics such as amazing vases from some dynasty? We think highly of all kinds of valuables. The world is in search of the treasures which may have survived from the ancient times. Some cultural relics have fancy styles and they were mainly designed by local artists. Some treasures were decorated with jewels. They mainly belonged to the rulers and the rich, who may have a reception hall in a castle for others to admire. It's said that the sailors are more likely to find treasures which were removed and bring them back by putting them into wooden boxes. Of course, a troop of soldiers would protect the treasures. There's no doubt that some treasures may be taken apart in order to be taken home. But it's hard to find the evidence of the hiding places. Is it worth searching for the missing treasures? There are many informal debates about it.
1. survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还
2. in search of 寻找
3. design n．设计；图案；构思 vt.设计；计划；构思
4. fancy adj.奇特的；异样的 vt.想象；设想；爱好
5. belong to 属于
6. doubt n．怀疑；疑惑 vt.怀疑；不信
这些宝物主要属于统治者或者富人，他们可能会在城堡里安置一个接待厅供人们欣赏宝物。
They mainly belonged to the rulers and the rich, who may have a reception hall in a castle for others to admire.
★ rare adj.稀罕的；稀有的；珍贵的
★ vase n．花瓶；瓶
★ dynasty n．朝代；王朝
★ amaze vt.使吃惊；惊讶
★ select vt.挑选；选择
★ honey n．蜜；蜂蜜；亲爱的
★ style n．风格；风度；类型
★ decorate v．装饰；装修
★ jewel n．珠宝；宝石
★ troop n．群；组；军队
★ reception n．接待；招待会；接收
★ remove vt.移动；搬开
★ worth prep.值得的；相当于……的价值
n．价值；作用 adj.[古]值钱的
★ local adj.本地的；当地的
★ take apart 拆开
★ castle n．城堡
★ think highly of 看重；器重
★ debate n．争论；辩论 vi.争论；辩论
★ valuable adj.贵重的；有价值的
★ explode vi.爆炸
★ amazing adj.令人吃惊的
★ artist n．艺术家
★ wooden adj.木制的
★ evidence n．根据；证据
★ entrance n．入口
★ sailor n．水手；海员；船员
★ informal adj.非正式的
survive的基本意思是指经过比较大的灾难后仍旧活了下来，即“继续生存”，也可指自身的生存时间相对于他人来说比较长，即“比……活得长”。 survive可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时，后接名词或代词作宾语。可用于被动结构。
一、重点单词需牢记
1. survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还
survive from...从……存活下来；流传下来
survive sth. 在……之后仍然生存；从……中逃生
survive sb.(by...)比……活得长(几年)
survive on sth. 靠……存活下来
Few people survived after the flood.
洪水后极少有人生还。
She survived her husband by ten years.
她比她丈夫多活十岁。
I'm sure she will survive this crisis.
我相信她会从这场危机中幸存下来。
survivor n．生还者，幸存者
survival n．存活，幸存；残存；遗留
2. design n．设计；图案；构思 vt.设计；计划；构思
design sb./sth. for 打算让某人从事(某种职业)
be designed/intended for为……而设
design sb./sth. to be 打算让某人从事(某种职业)
This room was designed for the children.
这个房间是专为孩子们设计的。
She is not acting by design.
她为人处世就是不愿意使心眼儿。
designer n．设计者
by design＝ on purpose故意地
3. remove vt.移动；搬开
remove oneself 走开，离去
be removed from 与……远离
be removed from school被开除
He removed his hand from her shoulder.
他把手从她的肩膀上拿开。
He removed his desk to another office after argument.
争吵后，他把办公桌搬到了另一个办公室。
Reference books may not be removed from the library.
参考书可能不会从图书馆挪走。
removal n．移动；搬迁；调动；除去
remover n．搬运工；移送；去除剂
4. decorate v．装饰；装修
We need to decorate the sitting room.
我们需要装饰起居室。
They decorated the room with flowers and balloons.
他们用花和气球装饰房子。
be decorated with 用……装饰
decoration n．装饰，装潢；勋章；装饰物，装饰品
decorator n．装饰者，装潢者；室内装潢师
5. doubt n．怀疑；疑惑vt.怀疑；不信
have no doubt that.../about sth. 毫无疑问
I never doubt that she would come.
我肯定她会来。
We all have no doubt that we did the right thing.
毫无疑问我们做得对。
I doubt whether/ if the new one will be any better.
我不敢肯定这个新的是否会好一些。
doubt if/whether(肯定句中)
don't doubt that(否定句、疑问句)
There is no doubt that.../ about sth. 毫无疑问……
There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.
毫无疑问我们做得对。
6. worth prep.值得的；相当于……的价值 n．价值；作用 adj.[古]值钱的
be worth doing sth.值得(做某事)；有(做某事)的价值
be worth sth. 用于“数量、持续时间等”的名词之后，表示某物价值多少金额。
The new car cost a lot of money, but it's certainly worth it.
＝ The new car cost a lot of money, but it's certainly worth buying.
买这辆新汽车花了很多钱， 但确实物有所值。
worth, worthy和worthwhile
worth只能作表语，其后接钱数、名词或及物动词的动名词形式：be worth doing。
worthy 可作表语，后接of＋名词/动名词的被动形式/不定式的被动形式：be worthy of ＋ n．/being done / to be done；也可作定语，表示“值得……的；有价值的”。
worthwhile 可作表语或定语；a worthwhile job 一份值得做的工作。常用结构：it is worthwhile to do/doing做某事是值得的。
二、重点短语需精通
1. in search of 寻找
The villagers went into the forest in search of the missing boy.
村民们进入森林寻找失踪的小男孩。
His father went to Australia in the search for gold.
他的父亲去澳大利亚寻找黄金。
in search of ＋n.在句中作状语，表示“搜寻、寻找”。
search sb./sth. 搜身、搜查某物
search for sth. 寻找
search out 找到
search into调查(事件、问题)
2. belong to 属于
Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
狮子和老虎属于猫科。
As a writer, he belongs to the 18th century.
他是一个属于18世纪的作家。
They belong to a young generation.
他们属于年轻的一代。
belong to中to为介词，后接代词时用宾格。belong to无被动语态，无进行时。
3. in return 作为报答；回报
He gave her some roses in return for her kindness.
他送给她一些玫瑰花以答谢她的好意。
He bought her a gold watch in return for her help.
他给她买了块金表，以答谢她的帮助。
without return 无回报
in turn 轮流，依次
by turns 轮流；交替
out of turn不按顺序，加塞儿
take turns to do sth. 依次做某事；轮流做某事
4. think highly of 看重；器重
They think highly of him. 他们很敬重他。
He is the hero of whom think highly.
他就是那位被人们高度赞扬的英雄。
①表赞赏的短语有：think / speak highly / well / much...of
②表认为不好的短语有：think little / badly / poorly / nothing...of
三、重点句式能熟用
1. Later，Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. 后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。
该句使用了have sth. done 结构，其中过去分词在句中作宾语补足语，表示被动的含义。
We had the machine repaired.
我们请人把机器修好了。
关于have 的用法总结如下：
have sb. do sth.
让某人去做某事(使动用法，省略to)
have sb. doing sth.
肯定句
让某人一直做某事
否定句
容忍；允许
have sth. to do
有某事要做(不定式作定语)
have sth. done
请人做某事(作宾补)
遭遇某种不幸(作宾补)
2. He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. 他/她关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是个人的观点或看法。
rather than意为“而不是”，连接两个并列成分，这两个并列成分的形式应该一致。rather than连接两个主语时，其后面谓语动词的单复数形式取决于rather than前面主语的单复数形式。同类词汇、短语还有：as well as，together with，except，but，like，with，besides，including等。
I, rather than you, should do the work.
该做这工作的是我，而不是你。
I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.
我想我该要一杯冷饮，而不要咖啡。
would rather do sth. than do sth.
＝prefer doing...to doing/prefer to do rather than do宁愿做……，而不愿做……
would do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做……而不愿做……
would rather(not)do sth. 宁愿(不)……
四、话题写作多积累
训练六：写一篇议论文
议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的一种常用文体，常见的有科学论文、社论、政论文、杂文、评论等。它通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非来表达作者的见解和主张。在近几年的高考书面表达中，其主要命题形式是以表格式和提纲式来呈现写作材料的。
议论文的写作大体上可以分为摄取、构思、表达和修改四个阶段。 考生应该在以下几个方面给予更多关注：
(1)先有规矩，才有方圆
即从“主题句—正面论述，反面论述—结论”去营造文章的基本结构。
(2)围绕中心，服务主题
确定了主题句之后，论述时应该紧紧围绕它。尽量做到环环相扣，承前启后。
(3)确立论点，段首优先 Another problem is that when I go to college, the fee is too high for my parents to pay, so I really hope the fees in college can not be so high.
Yours,
Li Hua
(1)正反观点对比常用句型
We have a(heated)discussion about...
We have had a survey on...
Opinions are divided on the question.
Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.
Others have different opinions.
On the one hand，...On the other hand，...
(2)在对某一观点作进一步论证时
What's more，.../Besides，...
What's more, we can get a good knowledge of the culture and social customs of the country where we study, as well as improve our English.
Some students cannot discipline themselves. Besides, it's far too expensive to study abroad, which is a load to the family.
【例1】完成句子
①他仔细检查家具的品质。
He examined the__quality__of__the__furniture carefully.
②他具备了一个成功商人应具有的所有品质。
He has__all__the__qualities__of a successful businessman.
③这种新型号质量非常好，而且也不贵。
This new model is__of__high__quality__and is not expensive either.
④他死了，留下大量未发表的作品。
He died and left__a__large__quantity__of__unpublished works.
⑤毫无疑问， 他能胜任这份工作。
There is no doubt that he__is__qualified__for__the job.
quality用于指“商品”时，表示商品“质量”，通常用单数形式quality；表示“商品的性能”时一般用复数形式qualities。
【例2】(1)完成句子
①他全身心投入研究，没时间和我们过周末。
__Devoted__to his research，he spared no time to spend a weekend with us.
②怀特夫人，我的一位忠实的朋友，献身于教学，她对孩子们的关爱使我们投票选了她。
Mrs. White, a__devoted__friend of mine, devoted__herself__to__teaching__and her__devotion__to children made us vote for her.
(2)单句改错
①Jane devoted her life to protect animals in the wild and achieved a lot.
protect改为protecting
②The lawyer was so kind that he devoted all his spare time he had helping the disabled.
had后加to
【例3】(1)使用恰当的介词填空
①我们开会对这个问题进行投票表决。
We hold a meeting to take a vote__on__the issue.
②很少有人投票反对这项新政策。
Few people vote__against__the new policy.
【例4】完成句子
①敌人彻夜都在攻击我们的机场。
The enemy__attacked__our airport all night.
＝ The enemy__made__an__attack__on__our airport all night.
②州长因没履行一项竞选时的承诺而被新闻界抨击。
The governor__was__attacked__by the press for failing to keep a campaign promise.
【例5】(1)完成句子
①玛丽与比尔的智力不相上下。
Mary__is__quite__equal__to__Bill in brains.
②他能胜任管理办公室的工作。
He __is__equal__to__running the office.
(2)单句改错
①I hope that he proves equal in the challenge.
in改为to
②Though she is young，she has no equal to music.
to改为in
equal还可作“能胜任的，合适的”解，指有力量、勇气、能力等做某事，是表语形容词，与to连用，后接名词或动名词。
【例6】完成句子
①无论是谁触犯法律都避免不了受到处罚。
Whoever breaks the law won't __escape__being__punished__．
②这个士兵从敌人的监狱里逃了出来。
The soldier__escaped__from__the enemy's prison.
③一旦钓住，鱼就没机会逃脱。
Once hooked，fish __have__no__chance__of__escape__．
escape 后接动词时要用动名词。escape的过去分词形式不是表示被动而是表示完成，如escaped prisoner意为“逃犯”。
【例7】(1)完成句子
①他总是认为公司会因为他的努力工作而奖赏他。
He always believed that the company would __reward__him__for__his efforts.
②我送给他一本书来答谢他的帮助。
I gave him a book __in__reward__for__his help.
＝ I__rewarded__him__with__a book for his help.
(2)用reward或者award完成句子
莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖。在他的业余时间，他总是乐于帮助年轻作家，我们怎样才能报答他的好意呢？
Mo Yan__was__awarded__the Nobel Prize in Literature. In his spare time，he has always been ready to help young writers. How can we__reward__his kindness?
下面两句话的意思不同：
They have sought the opinion of the workers in the factory.他们征求了厂内工人的意见。
They have a good opinion of the workers in the factory.
他们对这家工厂的工人评价高。
【例1】用out of 相关短语的适当形式填空
①到此书出版时，它已经过时了。
It was already __out__of__date__by the time it was published.
②飞机失控，坠入大海。
The plane got __out__of__control__and crashed into the sea.
③他上星期病得很重，但现在已脱离了危险。
He was very ill last week but is now__out__of__danger__．
④他的房子那时已破旧了。
His house got __out__of__repair__then.
【例2】同义句转换
他自称是足球明星，可事实上他球技平平。
He claims to be a football star. As a matter of fact, he is just an indifferent player.
＝ He claims to be a football star, but__in__fact,__he is just an indifferent player.
＝ He claims to be a football star, but__in__reality,__he is just an indifferent player.
【例3】根据汉语提示完成句子
①He never comes except when he is__in__trouble__(有麻烦)．
②Don't imagine that you're the only person __in__trouble__(不幸).
③The boy __got__into__trouble__(出事了)when he left home to live in London.
④That's none of your business. Please don't __ask__for/look__for__trouble__(找麻烦)．
⑤Students growing up from nursery school to college __have__trouble__(有困难)dealing with realities.
【例4】观察句子，写出黑体部分的含义
①He was the one I always turned to for strength and security.____求助于__
②If you turn to Page 40，you will find it.__翻到__
③More and more people turn to computer science.__从事于；致力于__
④As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her，she smiled and told me not to lose faith.__转向__
⑤You shouldn't always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.__查阅__
【例5】完成句子
①不要失去信心，一切都会好起来的。
Don't __lose__heart,__all will turn out well.
②她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。
She __lost__her__heart__to__a young soldier.
③这男孩背下了这首诗。
The boy__learned__the poem__by__heart__.
【例6】完成句子
①据说这位新总统上台时会面临很多困难。
It is said that when the new president __comes__to__power,__he will have to face many difficult problems.
②这届政府已执政两年。
The government has been__in__power__for two years.
③要为医疗站筹集五千块钱是一项他们力不能胜的任务。
The raising of 5，000 yuan for the clinic was a task __beyond__their__power__.
④我父亲已丧失了工作能力。
My father has __lost__his__powers__to work.
【例7】 用set的适当短语填空
①A fund __will__be__set__up__(将设立)for the dead men's families.
②He__set__aside__(放一边)his own work and __set__about__(着手)helping me.
③She listened attentively and __set__down__(记下来)every word he said.
④The novel __is__set__in__(以……为背景)pre－war London.
【例8】完成句子
①一个凶手被判三年徒刑，另一个被判处死刑。
One murderer was__sentenced__to__three years in prison and the other was sentenced __to__death__．
②那小偷被判5年监禁。
The thief__received__a sentence__of__5 years in prison.
③法官宣判他服苦役。
The judge __sentenced__him__to__do__hard labour.
【例1】 完成句子
①每当我在公园看到这位老人时他都在专注读报。
__Each__time__I see the old man in the park，he is absorbed in reading newspapers.
②下次我遇到他，我会告诉他这个消息的。
__Next__time__I meet him, I'll tell him the news.
③这是我第一次通过考试。
That is the first time that I__have__passed__(pass)the exam.
It was the first time (that)．..是固定句式，it也可换成this或that，first也可换成second，third等以表达不同的意义。It will be/is＋the first time (that)＋主语＋动词的现在完成时。It was＋the first time (that)＋主语＋动词的过去完成时。
【例2】完成句子
①只有用上你全部的时间和精力，你才能把这项工作做好。
__Only__with__all__your__time__and__energy__can you do this job well.
②只有以这种方式我们才能学好英语。
__Only__in__this__way__can__we__learn English well.
③似乎只有一部分孩子明白。
Only some of the children __seemed__to__have understood it.
④只有当他病情严重时他才住院。
Only when he is seriously ill __does__he__ever stay in hospital.
only放于句首，修饰主语，句子不用倒装。如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。
(2018届山东青岛质检)
假设你是李华，是校英语俱乐部的成员。英语俱乐部下次交流的话题是My Hero，请你写一篇英语发言稿，介绍你班身残志坚的同学——王跃。内容包括：
1. 他不能正常地走路；
2. 他对待生活和学习的态度；
3. 你敬佩他的原因。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear friends,
My name is Li Hua. I would like to share my hero with you, one of my classmates named Wang Yue.
When Wang Yue was born, he suffered from a rare disease, making him unable to walk normally. However, Wang Yue stays positive about life. He works hard at his lessons and his ambition is to become a scientist.
Wang Yue is my hero because he never gives up his dream although he has a physical disability. His example inspires us to try our best to make our dream come true.
That's all. Thank you.
【构思】
体裁
记叙文
话题
人物介绍
时态
一般现在时和一般过去时
人称
第三人称
【重点词组】
1. 与某人分享share...with sb.
2. 遭受；患有suffer from
3. 结果as a result
4. 对……保持乐观be/stay positive about
5. 努力学习……work hard at...
6. 放弃梦想give up one's dream
7. 尽全力try one's best
8. 使梦想成真make one's dream come true
【句子升级】
1. I would like to share my hero with you，and he is one of my classmates named Wang Yue. (用名词短语作同位语改写句子)
I would like to share my hero with you，one of my classmates named Wang Yue.
2．When Wang Yue was born, he suffered from a rare disease，which made him unable to walk normally. (用现在分词短语作结果状语改写句子)
When Wang Yue was born, he suffered from a rare disease, making him unable to walk normally.
【例3】根据汉语提示完成句子
①I am very grateful for your assistance, and hope that one day I may be able to __do__something__for__you__in__return__(作为回报为你做些事).
②We did the work __by__turns__(轮流).
＝ We __took__turns__(轮流)to do the work.
③We will cross the bridge __in__turn__(依次).
④He has given me so much help that I really want to do something for him __in__return__(作为回报).
【例4】完成句子
①我们对他们这方面的研究评价很高。
We __think__highly__of__ their research in this field.
②住在乡村的人不把早晨五点起床当作了不起的事。
People who live in the country __think__nothing__of__ getting up at 5 o'clock in the morning.
【例1】用所给动词的适当形式填空
①Please have the boy __bring__(bring)the things to my house.
②She'll have you __doing__(do)all the housework if you're not careful.
③She had her suitcases __carried__(carry)from the train to the taxi.
④He had us __laughing__(laugh)all through lunch.
⑤I have an important meeting __to__attend__ (attend)．
⑥I have my hair __cut__(cut)every month.
get sth. done可替换have sth. done表达相同的意思。
①have sb./sth.do sth.与have sb./sth.doing sth.两者都是宾语发出的主动动作。前者指 “使某人/物做某事 (指一次性的具体的动作)”；后者指“使某人/物一直处于某种状态”，常接一段时间作状语。
②have sth.done这一结构中的宾语与宾补动词是被动关系。
③have sth. to do这一结构中的have意为“有”，即“有某事要做”。
【例2】(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空
①He always prefers __starting__(start)early, rather than leaving everything to the last minute.
②She insisted on having the room papered rather than __painted__(paint).
③I'd rather play football than __play__(play) basketball.
(2)翻译句子
①我愿8月去不愿7月去。
I'd__prefer__to__go__in__August__rather__than__in__July.__
②如果你不介意的话，我宁愿今晚出去。
I__would__rather__go__out__tonight,__if__you__don't__mind.__
③我们宁愿这事不公开。
We__would__rather__the__matter__were__not__made__public.
(2018届山东日照质检)
假如你是李华，17岁。给报社编辑写一封信，简要描述你的处境和烦恼，并就此谈谈自己的观点。可适当增加相关内容。词数：120～150。
Dear editor,
I'm a 17－year－old student.Although I'm still a child, after I come back from school and finish lots of homework, I have to learn many other things every day because my parents expect me to become a famous person in the future.In the morning, I'm made to learn English.In the afternoon, I must learn to play the piano, and in the evening, my father takes me to an art school to learn drawing till night.I'm so busy studying all day that recently I fell ill and was sent to hospital.I'm too tired.How I wish to have an hour to play freely! What should I do? I'm expecting your advice.
具体写作步骤是：
1. 叙述自己的生活经历，表明“孩子的负担太重”，大学费用过高；
2. 阐述自己的观点和看法：希望父母多给孩子一些自由的空间，降低大学学费；
3. 向编辑求助，呼吁父母理解自己的孩子。
4. 四步回望
STEP 1：确定文章框架，包括：时态、语态、格式、展开方式、开头结尾等。
STEP 2：确定内容要点，包括：主要人物、时间地点、重要细节、合理发挥等。
STEP 3：正式开始写作，整理思路成篇，行文连贯。
STEP 4：留意粗心犯下的错误。
整篇文章有整篇文章的中心论点，每一段落有每一段落的分论点。论点置于篇首或段首，才能纲举目张，也可以确保不跑题。
考向一 在语法填空中设题
(2017全国卷I)When fat and salt________(remove)from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
【答案】are removed 考查谓语动词的时态和语态。根据上下文可知，此处应为一般现在时，主语fat and salt与动词remove之间为被动关系，故要用被动语态形式，且主语fat and salt为复数，故要用are removed。
考向二 在阅读理解中考查“文化遗产”话题
(2017全国卷Ⅲ， B)
Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater's 75－year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building's end.
The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary－eyed audience wanting to say good－bye to the old building.
Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater's location(位置)was also a reason. “This used to be the center of town，” he said. “Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”
Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.
The theater audience said good－bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.
1. In what way was yesterday's cleanup at the Plaza special?
A. It made room for new equipment.
B. It signaled the closedown of the theater.
C. It was done with the help of the audience.
D. It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.
2. Why was The Last Picture Show put on?
A. It was an all－time classic.
B. It was about the history of the town.
C. The audience requested it.
D. The theater owner found it suitable.
3. What will probably happen to the building?
A. It will be repaired.
B. It will be turned into a museum.
C. It will be knocked down.
D. It will be sold to the city government.
4. What can we infer about the audience?
A. They are disappointed with Bradford.
B. They are sad to part with the old theater.
C. They are supportive of the city officials.
D. They are eager to have a shopping center.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。一家有着75年悠久历史的剧院即将被拆除，并在原址处新建一家购物中心。
1．B 细节理解题。根据首段中第三句话和第四句话可知，这一次清扫有点不同。一组工人在清理垃圾，另一组工人开始拆除座椅和其他影院设备，这栋建筑将被拆除。
2．D 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句话可知，剧院老板之所以选择这部电影，是因为他觉得这部电影(包括这部电影的名字、电影内容、拍摄背景等)契合了这家剧院的历史和命运，非常适合此刻播放。
3．C 细节理解题。通读全文，特别是倒数第二段最后一句话和最后一段的第一句话可知，这家剧院将被拆毁，并在原址上新建购物中心。
4．B 推理判断题。根据文中第二段第二句话和最后一段的第一句话可知，观众对这家有着75年悠久历史的老剧院有着深厚的感情，对剧院的被拆非常不舍。
计策1：提示词是动词时先判断句中是否缺少谓语
计策2：若缺少谓语就要考虑时态，注意人称和数的统一
计策3：判断是主动语态还是被动语态
计策1：略读每段了解大意
通过速读每段首尾句判断主题句，可以发现这些句中的关键词分别是：
Para. 1(尾句)removing seats and other theater equipment，building's end.
Para. 2(首句)The Last Picture Show，shown
(尾句)preparing to close down
Para. 3 (首句)impossible for the Plaza to compete
Para. 4 (尾句)plans to build a shopping complex
Para. 5 (首句)audience said good－bye
计策2：看题目关键词，找出处
1. 关键词：cleanup at the Plaza special
出处：Para. 1 Sentence 3 & 4
2. 关键词：Why，put on?
出处：Para. 2 Sentence 3
3. 关键词：will probably happen
出处：Para.4 Sentence 3 Para.5 Sentence 1
4. 关键词：the audience
出处：Para.2 Sentence 2 Para.5 Sentence 1
计策3：循线索，找细节
题目1. 清除设施很特殊，预示剧院要被拆
题目2. 传统剧目及时上，应景折射剧院史
题目3. 被拆之后作何用，最后决定建商场
题目4. 观众难过来道别，大势已定被代替
一、词汇拓展
1. culture n．文化，文明→ __cultural__ adj.文化的
2. rare adj.稀罕的；稀有的；珍贵的→__rarely__ adv.罕有地；很少地
3. value n．价值→__valuable__ adj.贵重的；有价值的→__invaluable/priceless__ adj.无价的，极宝贵的 →__valueless/worthless__ adj.无价值的；不值钱的
4. survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还 →__survival__ n．幸存，生还→__survivor__ n．生还者
5. amaze vt.使吃惊；惊讶→__amazed__ adj.惊讶的→__amazing__ adj.令人吃惊的→__amazement__ n．惊异
6. select vt.挑选；选择→__selection__ n．选择
7. design n．设计；图案；构思；vt.设计；计划；构思→__designer__ n．设计者
8. fancy adj.奇特的；异样的；vt.想象；设想；爱好→__fanciful__ adj. 奇怪的，想象的，稀奇的
9. decorate v．装饰；装修→__decoration__ n．装饰物；装修
10. jewel n．[C]珠宝；宝石 →__jewellery/jewelry__ n．[U]珠宝总称；首饰
11. receive v．接待；接受；收到→__reception__ n．接待；招待会；接收→__receptionist__ n．接待员
12. remove vt.移动； 搬开→__removal__ n．移动；搬迁；免职
13. evidence n．根据；证据→__evident__ adj.明显的；显而易见的
14. doubt n．怀疑；疑惑vt.怀疑；不信→__doubtful__ adj.怀疑的
15. explode vi.爆炸→ __explosion__ n．爆炸
16. art n．艺术 → __artist__ n．艺术家
17. wood n．木头→__wooden__adj.木制的
18. try v．尝试→__trial__n．审判；审讯
二、单句语法填空
1. Both their parents were killed in the earthquake, but the children __survived__(survive)．
2. There is a beautiful garden over there. Do you know whom it __belongs__(belong)to?
3. Christmas is coming. People are busy __decorating__(decorate)their houses.
4. The __designs__(design)of Chinese knots(中国节)are so wonderful that they sell well.
5. She lets her son __select__(select)his own Christmas present.
6. If you want to book a room in a hotel, you should first go to the __reception__(receive)desk.
7. He was __evidently__(evidence)too tired to go any further.
8. At midnight I heard a sound of __explosion__(explode)outside.
9. To my surprise, the__entrance__(enter)to the cinema was closed.
10. The computer is playing an important part in finding __valuable__(value)information as well.
三、用短语的适当形式填空
take apart，at war，rather than，belong to，in search of，in return for，under debate，think highly of，care about，less than
1. The country has been __at__war__ with its neighbour for two years.
2. The boy __took__apart__ the toy car, but couldn't put it together again.
3. I don't __care__about__ the price, so long as the car is in good condition.
4. He, rather__than__ you，is to blame.
5. They went into the forest __in__search__of__the lost child.
6. We don't know that these languages __belong__to__the Latin family.
7. He gave her some roses __in__return__for__ her kindness.
8. The world __think__highly__of__the reform and open policy of China.
9. We shan't let our house go for __less__than__ 50，000.
10. The motion __under__debate__ was put to a vote.
四、句型转换
more than多于；不仅仅；
not more than＝at (the) most不多于，不超过，至多；
no more than仅仅(强调少)1. There will be a TV broadcast of the concert this evening.
→ There is going to be a concert, which__is__broadcast__on TV this evening.
2. It was certain that they had done that thing.
→There was __no__doubt__that they had done that thing.
3. Which do you think is more delicious?
→__In__your__opinion/view__，which is more delicious?
4. Unless you are invited to speak，you should keep silent at the conference.
→__Unless__invited__to speak，you should__keep__silent at the conference.
5. The judge cares only whether the eyewitness has given useful information，which must be facts，instead of opinions.
→ The judge cares only whether the eyewitness has given useful information，which must be facts, rather__than__opinions.
五、课文回顾
The Amber Room 1.__belongs__(belong)to the Seven Wonders of the World. It was originally 2.__designed__(design)for the palace of Frederic Ⅰ. It took the country's best 3.__artists__(art)about ten years to finish it. Everyone thought highly of its style and design. Seven thousand tons of amber as well as gold and other jewels were used to make it, so no wonder it is worth a lot of money. 4.__But__ later, the next king decided to give it as a gift to the Russian people, 5.__who__ gave Prussia a troop of their best soldiers in return. 6.__Unfortunately__(fortunate), during the Second World War, the Nazi Germany was also at war 7.__with__ Russia. In 1941, Germany invaded Russia by surprise, and the Russians had no time to remove anything from the Amber room except some small objects. When the Nazis saw the Amber Room, there was no doubt that they liked it so much that they 8.__took__(take)it apart and put it on a train to Germany. Since then, the whole world 9.__has__been__searching__(search)the Amber Room. No one knows what happened to it and whether it still 10.__survives__(survive)now. Maybe it will remain a mystery forever.
rare book 珍本
rare occurrence 罕有的事件
rare fine view 极好的景色
rare metals 稀有金属
rare time 快乐的时光
be rare for 对……罕见的
jewellery为集体名词，是“珠宝首饰”的总称，为概念名词，只用单数。要表示一件首饰的话，用a piece of jewellery。
而jewel为个体名词，指“一件件的珠宝首饰”，有单复数。
explode in 爆发出……
explode into 爆发出……
explode into laughter 哄然大笑
explode with 因(愤怒等)而发作
at war是固定短语，意思为“处于交战状态”。介词at表示一种状态或者持续的活动，表示“处于……”或“从事……”与名词连用，名词前一般不加冠词。例如：at table 在吃饭；at work 在上班(工作)；at school 在上学。
select among 从……中挑选
select as 选为
select for 为……选为
select from 从……选择
select out of 选拔
not less than＝at (the) least不少于，至少；
no less than和……一样，不少于(强调多)；
at first view 初见
in sb.'s view 在某人看来
with a view 持有某种看法
view about 对……的看法
Key words：
The Amber Room
originally
FredericⅠ
ten years
tons of amber
worth a lot of money
the Russian people
in return
the Second World War
the Nazis
train to Germany
no one knows
第一部分 基础知识
必修二 Unit 2 The Olympic Games
1. 通过对古代和现代奥运会的了解，增加对阅读文章的理解。
2. 通过学习文章了解更多的关于古代和现代奥运会的差别，激发学生更深层次地了解奥运会的发展史。
Does your school host regular sports meet? Is there a gym or a stadium in your school? Do you want to be an athlete? Have you taken part in a competition and won a medal? Or have you worked as a volunteer for a sport meet? If you always give the reply of “No”， you have to admit that you haven't understood the meaning of sports. Replace the answer with “Yes” now. You may look foolish if you know nothing about sports. Can you imagine the magical power of sports? In ancient times, only salves can play in the games. Nowadays it's not only a means to keep you fit in physical state, but also in mental state. Everyone has the responsibility to get the glory for his homeland and anyone who tries his best deserves the respect because he stands for his or her country. So, get yourself charged swiftly and go out to put up posters to advertise for the sports meet. Tell more people about the basis and mottos as well. A nation without sports is hopeless. There is no bargain. Remember “No pains, no gains.”
1．compete vi.比赛；竞争
2．take part in 参加；参与
3．stand for 代表；象征；表示
4．admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳
5．as well 也；又；还
6．charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉
7．bargain vi.讨价还价；讲条件 n．便宜货
8．deserve vi.& vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得
每个人都有责任为自己的祖国赢得荣誉，而且尽自己最大努力的人都值得尊敬，因为他们代表了自己的国家。
Everyone has the responsibility to get the glory for his homeland and anyone who tries his best deserves the respect because he stands for his or her country.
★ ancient adj.古代的；古老的
★ medal n．奖章；勋章；纪念章
★ magical adj.巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的
★ volunteer n．志愿者；志愿兵 adj.志愿的；义务的 vt.& vi.自愿
★ homeland n．祖国；本国
★ regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的
★ athlete n．运动员；运动选手
★ slave n．奴隶
★ nowadays adv.现今；现在
★ stadium n．(露天大型)体育场
★ gymnasium(gym)n.体育馆；健身房
★ host vt.做东；主办；招待 n．主人
★ replace vt.取代；替换；代替
★ motto n．座右铭；格言；警句
★ physical adj.物理的；身体的
★ poster n．海报；招贴
★ advertise vt.& vi.做广告；登广告
★ glory n．光荣；荣誉
★ pain n．疼痛；痛苦
★ competitor n．竞争者
★ basis n．基础；根据
★ responsibility n．责任；职责
★ swiftly adv.快地；迅速地
★ hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的
★ foolish adj.愚蠢的；傻的
一、重点单词需牢记
1. compete vi.比赛；竞争
compete in 参加……比赛，在……竞争
compete for 争取获得，争夺
compete with/against 同……竞争
in competition with sb. 同……竞争
An injury prevented John from competing in the finals of the race.
约翰因受伤而无法参加决赛。
Several companies are competing(against/with each other)for the contract/to gain the contract.
几家公司正为争取一项合同而互相竞争。
We are in competition with four other companies for the contract.
我们正在与另外的四个公司竞争合同。
competition n．竞争，角逐
competitor n．竞争者；对手，敌手
competitive adj.有竞争力的
2. admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳
admit ＋ n．/doing(having done)
＝ that－clause承认某事/(已经)做了某事
admit to sth./to doing sth. 承认
admit sb./sth. to be/ as承认某人/某物是……
admit sb. to/into... 准许某人进入(或加入)……
admit of... 容许……
It is admitted that... 人们公认……
Do you admit taking these books without telling anybody?
＝ Do you admit to taking these books without telling anybody?
你承认没有告诉任何人就拿走这些书吗？
They admitted him to be/as a member of the trade union.
他们接纳他为工会会员。
It must be admitted that it is impossible to train a composer overnight.
必须承认，一夜之间是不可能培养出作曲家的。
admission n．允许进入；入场费；门票；承认
admittedly adv.无可否认；应当承认
3. replace vt.取代；替换；代替
replace A with/by B 用……代替
replace as 代替……
We've replaced the old machine with a computer.
我们用电脑取代了那台旧机器。
4. charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉 n．费用；主管
charge sb. money for (doing) sth. 为做某事向某人收取费用
be charged with 被控告犯……罪
in/under the charge of 在某人照看(掌管)下
in charge of处于控制或支配(某人/某事物)的地位
take charge(of)负责；控制局面
free of charge免费
at no extra charge 无须额外付费
Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?
以下哪一种旅行会在三月17日的时候收取最低的费用？
This hotel charged me ￡5 for a room for one night.
这家旅馆要我一晚付五英镑房租。
He was charged with murder.
他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
All goods are delivered free of charge.
一切物品免费送货。
5. deserve vi.& vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得
deserve 后接doing或名词，是用主动式表示被动意义，等于接动词不定式的被动语态。
deserve doing sth. ＝ deserve to do sth.应得，该得
deserve of...值得……
I think you're playing with fire. You deserve it!
你是老鼠戏猫，真是自作自受！
The student has deserved ill of this school, and must be asked to leave.
这个学生应受学校处罚，必须让他退学。
deserve punishment ＝ deserve punishing ＝ deserve to be punished.应受惩罚
6. bargain n．减价品，便宜货；协议 vt.(与某人就某事)讨价还价，商讨条件
bargain with sb. for/about/over sth. 与某人为某物讨价还价
(2)用bargain相关短语的适当形式填空
①If you __bargain__with__ them they might reduce the price.
②He made__a__bargain__with__his wife “You take care of the children and I'll cook” and they lived in peace. make /strike a bargain with sb. 与某人成交
at good bargain 廉价地；低价地
drive a hard bargain 狠狠地杀价
Clement made a satisfactory bargain with him.
克莱门特和他作了一次满意的交易。
These toys are a real bargain at such low prices.
这些玩具的价格这么便宜，真划算。
二、重点短语需精通
1. take part in 参加；参与
Wherever he is, he made it a rule to take part in physical labour.
无论他在什么地方，他都把参加体力劳动作为一项习惯。
join，join in与take part in
join加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体；
join in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语；
join sb. in sth./doing sth.表示“与某人一起做某事”；
take part in参加(群众性活动、会议等)，往往指参加者持积极态度，起一份作用。
He will never forget the day when he joined the Party.
他永远也忘不了他入党的那一天。
Why didn't you join in the talk last night?
昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？
2. stand for 代表；象征；表示
In this secret code each number stands for a letter of the alphabet.
在这组密码中，每个号码代表字母表中的一个字母。
stand by 袖手旁观；无动于衷
stand by sb. 支持；帮助；站在……一边
stand out(from/as) 显眼；突出
stand up for 支持
Her bright red hair made her stand out from the others.
她那亮红色的秀发使她格外显眼。
3. as well 也；又；还
In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.
在如今的这个年代，女士可以孩子和工作兼得。
as well常放在句末，相当于too或also, 但不能用于否定句。
as well as 意为“也，又，和”，用来连接两个相同的成分：
①as well as 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式跟第一个主语保持一致。
②as well as 可以用于同级的比较，表示“和……一样好”，修饰动词。
三、重点句式能熟用
1. I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”。我过去常常写有关很久以前的奥林匹克运动会的情况。
该句是一个由and 连接的并列句，前一个分句中what引导了一个名词性从句作介词in的宾语，what 在从句中If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate__what__is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
②这就是多年以前他们称为“炕”的东西。
This is__what__they called “Kang” many years ago. 作call的宾语，“Ancient Greece”是宾语补足语。 what 和that 在名词性从句中的用法：
(1) what 引导名词性从句时，本身有自己的实际意义，可以表示“……的人或……的事(物)”；what 在从句中必须作一定的句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、表语等。
(2) that 引导名词性从句时，本身没有自己的实际意义，不在句中作成分，而且that从句一般不作介词的宾语。
He is no longer what he was before.
他不再是以前的那个他了。
2. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women! 别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！
“nor/neither ＋ be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示“……也不这样”，nor 为否定副词，在句首引起倒装。
I don't know where he has gone，nor do I care about.
我不知道他去哪里了，我也不关心。
—I have never been to America.
—Neither/Nor have I.
——我从未去过美国。
——我也从未去过。
“so＋系动词(情态动词或助动词)＋(与前句不同的)主语”表示前句中的肯定情况也适用于另一人或物。so代替上文中的动作或概念，表示“也是这样，也是如此”。注意：两句中应使用同类助动词且应时态一致。
She can speak French and so can her husband.
她会讲法语，她的丈夫也会。
3. Why do many countries want to host the Olympic Games while others do not? 为什么有很多国家想主办奥运会而其他国家并不想？
while 在本句中是“然而”的意思。
She drinks black coffee while I prefer it with cream.
她喜欢喝清咖啡而我喜欢加奶油的。
★ while用作从属连词，表示让步，意思是“虽然”，其意义相当于although，主要用于书面语中。注意主句的前面不可有but等连接词。
★ while用作从属连词，意思是“当……时；和……同时”，引导时间状语从句。注意该状语从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，不能是终止性动词，如果是终止性动词，酌情用when或as。
They phoned while you were out.
你不在家时他们打来了电话。(be out为延续性动词)
四、话题写作多积累
训练七：写自己的爱好
介绍自己的喜好时，时态应该以一般现在时为主，根据题目要求一般以第一人称为主。在作文中最忌讳的是单词短语的重复，学生可以变换词来表达自己的爱好。
介绍兴趣爱好要注意以下几点：
1. 首先确定主题，然后围绕主题展开说明，要交代好具体兴趣爱好的内容和注意事项，以及该爱好的好处。
2. 确定说明的方法，根据写作需要选用不同的说明方法，如按照时间顺序、空间顺序，先概括后举例，先举例后概括，同类事物或不同类事物的比较，用数据说明等等。
3. 抓住事物的特点，努力运用生动形象的语言，注意动词、形容词、副词的变换和同义词的不同形式的表达。
要描述与说明你的兴趣爱好，是一篇描述性的记叙文，谈论一个人的兴趣爱好有很多种方式。
I like...because...
I became interested in it when...
My favorite athlete/football/sportsman is...
I love her/him because...
I practice...
In the future I hope to...
表达兴趣的词和短语常见的有：
like/love/enjoy/be interested in/be crazy about/be into/be fond of/ would rather...than/prefer...to
【例1】(1)使用恰当的介词填空
Some 2，000 athletes compete __in__ 20 events. Players from many countries are competing__for__the international prize. They will compete__against__each other.
(2)用compete的适当形式填空
①Several companies are__competing__for the contract.
②Acting is very__competitive__—you've got to really push yourself if you want to succeed.
③Their prices are better than any of their__competitors__.
④There's a lot of__competition__between computer companies.
【例2】(1)使用恰当的介词填空
①He was admitted__to/into__the Party.
②Admission__to__Beijing University depends on examination results.
(2)用admit的适当形式填空
①There's a notice outside the building which says “No __admission__ before 12 noon”．
②It was generally __admitted__ that the government had acted too quickly.
③Men will not be __admitted__ to the restaurant without a tie.
④Half of all hospital __admissions__ are emergencies, and these are treated straightaway.
admit指“允许某人进入”(某场地，或加入某组织)，含有勉强的意味。
例如： She opened the door reluctantly to admit the unwelcome visitor.
她很不情愿地把门打开，让不受欢迎的客人进去了。
【例3】用replace的适当形式填空
①Nowadays, computer __has__replaced__ man in many fields.
②—What do you think of store shopping in the future?
—Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but will never __be__replaced__. I think that the theatre will be replaced by the cinema.
我认为剧院将被电影院取而代之。
I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive events.
我希望运动日能被摒弃，由其他竞争性较弱的项目来取代。
【例4】(1)完成句子
请你负责这个厂子好吗？
Would you __take__charge__of__ this factory?
(2)句型转换
这个前足球冠军因为向很多吸毒者兜售海洛因而被指控有罪。
The former football champion is accused of selling heroin to a number of drug users.
＝The former football champion __is__charged__with__ selling heroin to a number of drug users.
accuse 指“被指控”，情节可轻可重。常与of连用。
charge常与accuse换用，但charge多指较严重的错误或罪行，而且往往向法庭提出正式起诉。常与介词with连用。
【例5】用所给词的适当形式填空
①His good conduct is __deserving__(deserve)of the highest praise.
②Paula __deserves__(deserve)a special mention for all the help she has given us.
③The report deserves __considering/consideration/to__be__considered__(consider).
④By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that E－waste __deserves__(deserve)to be made good use of.
【例6】(1)使用恰当的介词填空
They bargained__with__the manager __for__the level of wages.
【例1】用attend，join(in)，take part in或者go in for填空
①All the family __join(ed)__ me in wishing you Happy New Year.
②She is __going__in__for__ the Cambridge First Certificate next year.
③Lincoln__took__an active __part__in__ politics and was strongly against slavery.
④How many people__attend__church every Sunday?
⑤Thousands of people __joined__in__ the battle against the flood.
【例2】 用stand相关短语的适当形式填空
①He is a tall, handsome man who __stands__out__ in any crowd.
②I don't know what the signal “X” __stands__for__ on the road. Could you tell me?
③We had to protest; we could not __stand__by__ and see such injustice done.
④If you don't __stand__up__for__ your rights, no one else will do it for you.
【例3】 用as well的适当形式填空
①我要到伦敦去，我的妹妹也要去。
I'm going to London and my sister's coming __as__well__.
②如果没人要这个，我们不妨给他吧。
If no one else wants it, we might __as__well__ give it to him.
③珍妮不但漂亮，而且聪明。
Jane's not only beautiful but also clever.
＝ Jane's clever __as__well__as__ beautiful.
【例1】完成句子
①如果你在河里或是湖里游泳，一定要查清水面下是什么样子。石头和枝干经常藏在水中。
【例2】完成句子
①上个月我既没有见过他，也没有收到他的信。
Neither __did__I__meet with him nor __did__I__hear from him last month.
②上周，只有两个人来看房子，他们两个都不想买。
Last week, only two people came to look at the house, __neither__of__whom__ wanted to buy it.
③——汤姆喜欢打篮球，但他打得不好。
——我的情况与他相同。
—Tom likes playing basketball but he can't play well.
—So __it__is__with__me__.
【例3】完成句子
①虽然他了解你的想法，但他还是不赞同你。
__While__he__understands__ your idea, he doesn't agree with you.
②我一个月只赚一百美元，你却赚四百美元。
I earn only 100 dollars a month, __while__you__earn__ 400 dollars.
③我进来时，他正在看一本书。
__When__I__came__in,__he was reading a book.
(2018届河北沧州质检)
以“My Favorite Sport”为题，就自己喜欢的运动项目进行描述和说明，写一篇120词左右的英语作文。
Sports are good for our health.We should, therefore, do sports every day.Some people like playing basketball, others like playing tennis.
I am interested in playing basketball.I like this sport because it is a team sport, which needs concentration and cooperation.Basketball is an excellent way to lose weight, which helps me keep fit and healthy.Besides, playing basketball enables me to reduce stress.
My favorite sports star is Yao Ming.As we know, Yao is a superstar in NBA.He is famous in American not only for his amazing height, but also for his perfect skills in basketball and in communication.
Every day I practise in my spare time.I will try to improve my skills and my handling of the ball.
1．好词好句：
Sports are good for our health.
Some people like...Others like...
My favorite sport is...
What is your favorite sport?
How do you become good at them?
What advantages can the sport bring you?
2．注意篇章结构，合理布局
◆ 开始部分 (Opening paragraph)——说出文中的要点、核心问题。
◆ 正文部分 (Body paragraphs)——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。
◆ 结尾部分 (Concluding paragraphs)——对全文的总结和概括。
要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容。
考向一 在语法填空中设题
(2016全国卷Ⅱ)Recent __1__(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks__2__(regular).
【答案】
1．studies 考查名词。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语应是复数名词studies。
2．regularly 考查副词。在英语中这个副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，本句中使用副词regularly作状语修饰动词短语take short breaks。
考向二 在完形填空中考查“文体和爱好”话题
(2016全国卷Ⅲ)
When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant __1__Miller King, who was the best __2__ at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for__3__．
Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from__4__. He looked very__5__， but he didn't cry.
That season, I__6__all of Miller's records while he__7__the home games from the bench. We went 10－1 and I was named most valuable player，__8__I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller's__9__．
One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller__10__going over a fence—which wasn't__11__to climb if you had both arms. I'm sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept__12__from. But even that challenge he accepted. I__13__him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally__14__on the other side, he said to me, “You know, I didn't tell you this during the season, but you did__15__. Thank you for filling in for__16__．”
His words freed me from my bad__17__. I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was__18__ahead of me. I was right to have__19__him. From that day on, I grew__20__and a little more real.
1. A. cheering for B. beating out C. relying on D. staying with
2. A. coach B. student C. teacher D. player
3. A. practice B. show C. comfort D. pleasure
4. A. school B. vacation C. hospital D. training
5. A. pale B. calm C. relaxed D. ashamed
6. A. held B. broke C. set D. tried
7. A. reported B. judged C. organized D. watched
8. A. and B. then C．but D. thus
9. A. decision B. mistake C. accident D. sacrifice
10. A. stuck B. hurt C. tired D. lost
11. A. steady B. hard C. fun D. fit
12. A. praise B. advice C. assistance D. apology
13. A. let B. helped C. had D. noticed
14. A. dropped B. ready C. trapped D. safe
15. A. fine B. wrong C. quickly D. normally
16. A. us B. yourself C. me D. them
17. A. memories B. ideas C. attitudes D. dreams
18. A. still B. also C. yet D. just
19. A. challenged B. cured C. invited D. admired
20. A. healthier B. bigger C. cleverer D. cooler
【语篇解读】作者一直想成为学校球队里最棒的球员。为了实现梦想，作者刻苦训练。Miller受伤之后，作者刻苦训练，脱颖而出，成为最有价值球员。但是作者却感到内心不安。是Miller让作者对人生有了新的认识。
1．B 根据上一句话中的to become the star on our football team可知，作者想成为球队里的明星。结合本句中的the best 和at our school.可知，这样的话就要打败学校里最优秀的球员。
2．D 根据上一句话中的on our football team可知，Miller是学校足球队里最好的运动员，player意为“运动员”，符合语境。
3．A 根据上一句话中的all summer long I worked out可知，新的赛季到来之后，作者潜心练习足球，所以无论走到哪里，都随身带着足球，目的就是为了能随时练习。
4．C 根据上一句话by a car and lost his right arm可知，Miller受伤之后失去右臂，如此严重伤势，他肯定会住院，作者是在他从医院回来之后探望他的。
5．A 结合当时Miller大病初愈的样子可知，他还非常虚弱，所以脸色苍白，pale意为“苍白的”，符合病人的状态。
6．B 根据第一段可知，作者希望成为像Miller一样最好的球员，根据第二段可知，作者一直苦心练习，所以后来超过了Miller，也就是打破了他的记录。
7．D 结合Miller的身体状况可知，他已经失去了右臂，所以不能再参加比赛，只能坐在长凳上观看比赛。
8．C 本空前后的named most valuable player和had crazy dreams说明作者虽然被封为最有价值球员，但是他总是做噩梦，这是转折关系。
9．C 根据句中的crazy dream可知，作者获得最佳球员之后感到内疚，因为作者觉得自己的胜利是建立在Miller失去右臂的基础之上的，所以会做噩梦，这让作者感觉自己仿佛应该为Miller的事故负责。
10．A 结合句中的going over a fence可知，作者看到Miller在翻篱笆时因为只有一只手臂，翻篱笆也成了很困难的事，并且被卡在篱笆上了，stuck意为“卡住”。
11．B 结合句中的if you had both arms可知，对于手臂健全的人来说，其实翻篱笆本来是一件不费吹灰之力的事情，wasn't hard表示“轻松”。
12．C 结合上文可知，作者在Miller受伤之后取代了他的地位，所以他认为Miller最不愿接受的是自己的帮助，the last指的是“最不可能的”。
13．B 结合上一句话中的But可知，让作者没有想到的是Miller接受了作者的帮助，本句中的help与本段第二句话中的assistance对应。
14．D 在作者的帮助下，Miller成功翻过了篱笆，而且安然无恙，所以用safe表示翻越过之后的状态。
15．A 结合第四段的内容可知，作者在Miller生病之后参与的比赛都表现很好，Miller也认为作者表现得很好，所以用fine表示对其的认可。
16．C 作者在Miller失去右臂之后靠自己的成绩取代了他，所以Miller感谢作者填补了他的空缺，这是直接引语，是Miller说的话，所以用上一句话中I的宾格。
17．D 根据第四段第二句话中的crazy dreams可知，以往作者会做噩梦，但是在得到了Miller的认可之后，作者的噩梦也不见了踪影。
18．A 结合上一句话中的more of a leader可知，在作者看来Miller依旧对自己有领导人的作用，他虽然受伤了，但却不会被打败，这让作者认为Miller 仍然是最强的。
19．D 结合上一句话可知，作者认为Miller虽然身体受伤，但是精神并没有被打倒，所以自己敬佩Miller是正确的。
20．B 从帮助了Miller的那天并与之交流之后，作者感觉自己长大了许多，更重视自己的存在了。
计策1：判断句中所缺成分，若是缺主语，就要想到能充当主语的是名词、代词、动名词或者不定式
计策2：若是缺少状语，就要想到状语形式
计策3：再结合所给提示词进行最佳判断
计策1：多读第一人称为主的记叙文语篇
计策2：多读与个人兴趣爱好有关的语篇
计策3：抓住语篇中事件的“来龙去脉”
计策4：抓语境
完形填空题淡化了语法结构性的题，选项重在语意干扰，也就是说，对具体的语言知识应该融入具体的语境中去考虑，考生应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫，对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。所以，快速浏览全文，迅速领悟篇章主旨，通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。
计策5：找复现
题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词异形复现的形式。这种测试手法主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力。
计策6：找逻辑
通过分析了解全文的人物、时间、地点等信息之后，再分析句子与句子之间的关系，段落与段落之间的关系来解题。这种逻辑语气主要包含并列、递进、因果、转折和委婉语气等等。这类题的选项多为连词、副词或具有连词意义的各类短语。
一、词汇拓展
1. compete vi.比赛；竞争→ __competitor__ n．竞争者→__competition__ n．比赛，竞赛
2. Greece n．希腊→__Greek__ adj.希腊(人)的；希腊语的 n．希腊人；希腊语
3. magic adj.有魔力的→__magical__ adj.巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的→ __magician__ n．魔术师
4. homeland n．祖国；本国 →__hometown__ n．故乡
5. regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的→__irregular__ adj.不规则的
6. base n．基础；基地 →__basement__ n．地下室 →__basis__ n．基础；根据 →__basic__ adj.基本的
7. athlete n．运动员；运动选手→__athletics__ n．(pl.)体育运动；竞技
8. admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳 →__admission__ n．准入， 接纳
9. slave n．奴隶 →__slavery__ n．奴隶制度
10. gymnastics n．(pl.)体操；体能训练 →__gymnasium(gym)__ n．体育馆
11. host vt.做东；主办；招待n. 主人→__hostess__ n．女主人
12. responsible adj.负责任的→__responsibility__ n．责任；职责
13. swift adj.快的；迅速的→__swiftly__ adv.迅速地
14. physical adj.物理的；身体的→__physician__ n．(有行医执照的)医生
15. advertise vt.& vi.做广告；登广告→__advertisement__ n．广告→__advertiser__ n．广告商
16. hope n．希望→__hopeless__ adj.没有希望的；绝望的→__hopeful__ adj.有希望的
17. fool n．愚蠢的；傻的→__foolish__ adj.愚蠢的；傻的
18. pain n．疼痛；痛苦 →__painful__ adj.痛的，痛苦的
二、单句语法填空
1. The Sunday papers are full of __advertisements__(advertise)for cars.
2. If you do something wrong, you deserve __punishing/to__be__punished/punishment__(punish).
3. Water __is__used__(use)to produce electricity widely all over the world.
4. More than 1，000 __competitors__(compete)took part in the __competition__(compete)to compete for the first prize.
6. The Unions __bargained__(bargain)(with management)for a shorter working week.
7. The old photograph brought back __painful__(pain)memories.
8. Only 200 children __are__admitted__(admit)to/into the school every year.
9. Schools need __volunteers__(volunteer)to help children to read.
10. Teachers will never __be__replaced__(replace)by computers in the classroom.
三、用短语的适当形式填空
take charge of，every three days，take part in，as well(as)，stand for，one after another，pick up，run against，bargain with
1. What does ATM __stand__for__? Maybe I have to look it up in a dictionary.
2. Mary watched the other dancers to see if she could __pick__up__ any tips.
3. He __took__charge__of__ the farm after his father's death.
4. He is a scientist, but he is a poet __as__well__.
5. In the market dealers were __bargaining__with__ growers over the price of coffee.
6. He comes to see his parents __every__three__days__.
7. I'm not surprised he's feeling ill—he was eating the ice－cream __one__after__another__!
run against 和某人比赛，竞争，交战。8. —How many countries __took__part__in__ the Olympic Games in Athens?
—202.
9. Are you __running__against__ each other or against the clock?
10. __As__well__as__ breaking his leg he hurt his arm.
四、课文回顾
The Olympic Games are the biggest sports meeting in the world, 1.__which__ include two kinds, the Winter and the Summer Olympics. Both of them are 2.__held__(hold)every four years. All countries can take part if their athletes reached the standard 3.__to__ the games. Women are not only 4.__allowed__(allow)to join in but playing a very 5.__important__(importance)role. A special village is built for the competitors to live in, some 6.__stadiums__(stadium)for competitions, a large swimming pool, a gymnasium as well as seats for those who watch the games. It's a great honor 7.__to__host__(host)the Olympic Games. The Olive wreath has been 8.__replaced__(replace)by medals.9.__But__ it's still about being able to run swifter, jump higher and throw 10.__stronger__(strong)．
－cian词后缀表示“职业”的单词还有electrician电工、musician音乐家、mathematician数学家、statistician统计员、technician技术人员、physician内科医生等。
base强调的基础更加“客观”，而basis强调的是理论基础。
类似单词还有able—ability；possible—possibility等。
be responsible for 对……负责，是……的原因，对……有影响
be responsible to sb. 对某人负责
be responsible in morals and in law 在道义上和法律上负有责任
advertisement是一个可数名词，其简写形式为ad.
主语后有as well as(以及)等构成的短语修饰时，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语保持一致，可构成这类短语的有with，along/together with...(跟……一起)，besides/ except/but (除外)，in addition to (除外)，including(包括), like(如……)，rather than (而不是)，without (没有……)等。
every 与基数词、序数词、other 和few 连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，意为“每……；每隔……”。其后不可接a few，some，many，several等。5. His parents as well as his son __were__(be)invited to the party.
Key words：
the Olympic Games
biggest，two kinds
every four years
the standard
women
special village
honor
host
medals
第一部分
必修二 Unit 3 Computers
1. 通过本单元的学习，了解计算机的发展历程及其在当今社会的广泛应用。
2. 用英语表达自己的观点并进行简单的理由阐述和做出决定。
We are faced with universal technological revolution. We are surrounded by computers. We use calculator to solve maths question, which makes calculating easier. With the help of computers, we can deal with electronic mails and explore the world. AI (artificial intelligence)has simplified our life in a way. In reality, almost every young person has a mobile phone. The total sum is amazing. They use it surf on the Internet. Personally, we should use our phones logically. As a result, our finance development rises like a rocket. The appearance of computers is changing people's character. Some young children such as my niece have been naughtier. Parents have to find ways to watch them over. Anyhow，our goal is to go after happiness. The application of computers signals the progress of human race.
1. solve vt.解决；解答
2. as a result 结果
3. anyhow adv.(也作anyway)无论如何；即使如此
4. signal vi.& vt.发信号 n．信号
5. in a way 在某种程度上
6. with the help of 在……的帮助下
7. deal with 处理；安排；对付
8. watch over 看守；监视
1. 我们用计算器计算数学题，这些计算器让我们的计算变得更加简单。
We use calculators to solve maths question, which makes calculating easier.
2. 在计算机的帮助下，我们可以处理电子邮件，也可以探索世界。
With the help of computers，we can deal with electronic mails and explore the world.
3. 就我个人而言，我们应该合理使用手机。
Personally, we should use our phones logically.
★ calculate vt.计算
★ simplify vt.简化
★ sum n．总数；算术题；金额
★ revolution n．革命
★ artificial adj.人造的；假的
★ intelligence n．智力；聪明；智能
★ personal adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的
★ tube n．管；管子；电子管
★ total adj.总的；整个的 n．总数；合计
★ application n．应用；用途；申请
★ finance n．金融；财经
★ mobile adj.可移动的；机动的
★ rocket n．火箭
★ goal n．目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分
★ happiness n．幸福；快乐
★ human race 人类
★ explore vt.& vi.探索；探测；探究
★ type n．类型 vt.& vi.打字
★ coach n．教练
★ arise vi.(arose, arisen)出现；发生
★ electronic adj.电子的
★ appearance n．外观；外貌；出现
★ character n．性格；特点
★ mop n．拖把 vt.用拖把拖；擦
★ naughty adj.顽皮的；淘气的
★ niece n．侄女；外甥女
★ universal adj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的
★ operator n．(电脑)操作员；接线员
★ logically adv.逻辑上；合逻辑地
★ technological adj.科技的
★ intelligent adj.智能的；聪明的
★ reality n．真实；事实；现实
一、重点单词需牢记
1. solve vt.解决；解答
We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.
在解决问题之前我们需要探明问题的根源所在。
solve problem/question解决问题
solution n．解决；解答，解决办法
find/offer/seek/work out a solution
找到/提出/寻找/得出解决的方法
make a solution of制造……溶液
reach a solution得到解决
The solution to the problem required many hours.
解决这个问题需要好几个小时。
2. anyhow adv. 无论如何；即使如此
It may rain, but anyhow/anyway I shall go out.
天可能要下雨，但无论如何我都要出门。
anyhow可以与anyway互换，且后者更常用
辨析anyhow，somehow与somewhat
anyhow 意为“无论如何”，相当于 anyway/at any rate；
somehow 意为“以某种方式”或“由于某种原因”；
somewhat 意为“从某种意义上讲；有几分”。
I don't know if it was lost or stolen; anyhow/anyway, it's gone.
我不知道它是丢了还是被偷了，不管怎么说，它没了。
He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind.
他本能按预定进度做完这件事，但不知怎么落后了。
I am somewhat tired of this book.
我对这本书有点厌烦。
3. signal vi.& vt.发信号 n．信号
She signaled that she was about to turn left.
她打信号灯表示她就要转到左面去了。
We picked up signals for help from the burning plane.
我们接收到那架着火的飞机发出的求救信号。
If you called my office Saturday morning, you would have gotten a busy signal.
你要是周六早上给我办公室打电话，你就能听到占线的声音。
signal with... 用……发信号
signal to sb./sth. for sth. 用信号传达(某信息)
give/make a signal 发信号
put up/ send a signal发信号
4. arise vi.(arose, arisen)出现；发生
arise from/out of 产生于，起因于
arise，rise 与raise
arise主要表示“出现，发生，呈现”等含义。主语一般为抽象名词，如problem，trouble，quarrel，misunderstanding，difficulty等。
rise是不及物动词，常指的是太阳、月亮、星星的升起，也有“出现；上涨”之意。
raise 是一个及物动词，意为“升起(旗帜)；提高；饲养”。
二、重点短语需精通
1. as a result 结果
He made a big mistake, and, as a result, lost his job.
＝ He made a big mistake. As a result, he lost his job.
他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
as a result是副词短语，单独使用，表示“结果；因此”；
as a/the result of在句中特指引起某种结果的原因时，用定冠词代替不定冠词。
result from由……引起；由于(意思等同于lie in)
result in结果；导致(意思等同于lead to)
2. in a way 在某种程度上
In a way I can see what you mean, even though I don't share your point of view.
尽管我跟你的看法不一样，但在一定程度上我是能理解你的意思的。
all the way一路上，一直；完全
by the way顺便地，附带说说
by way of 路经，途经
no way 不行，绝不
3. deal with 处理；安排；对付；论述；涉及
You have dealt with the subject on the right lines, but your essay is lacking in detail.
你处理这一课题的原则是对的，但文章缺乏细节。
Being prepared, we shall be able to deal properly with all kinds of complicated situations.
有了准备，我们才能恰当地应付各种复杂的局面。
(2)句型转换
I don't know what they do with the problem.
＝I don't know how they__deal__with__ the problem. There is no space to deal with such details in the article.
这篇文章没有篇幅来论述这样的细节。
(1)do with 表示“处置”“忍受”“相处”“有关”等。do with 常与连接代词 what 连用；
(2)deal with 常与连接副词 how 连用。
4. watch over 看守；监视
Could you watch (over)my clothes while I have a swim?
我游泳时你能帮我看着我的衣服吗？
watch out (for)当心，注意
watch for sb./sth. 观察；等待
keep a watch on 监视
on watch 值班
under the close watch 在严密监视下
watch one's time 等待时机
morning watch早班值勤
三、重点句式能熟用
1. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. 我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
本句中的before引导时间状语从句， 意为“在……之前”， before引导时间状语从句时，又可以根据不同语境灵活运用。具体用法如下：
(1)与情态动词can/could连用。从句为肯定形式，译成“还没来得及就”；
(2) It was ＋时间段 ＋before... 表示“过了多久后才……”，从句常用一般过去时；
(3)It was not long before... 表示 “没过多久就……” ，从句常用一般过去时；
(4)It will be ＋时间段 ＋before... 表示“要过多久之后才……”，从句常用一般现在时；
(5)It will not be ＋时间段 ＋before...表示“用不了多久就会……”，从句常用一般现在时。
2. And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it! 我的记忆能力变得如此巨大，甚至连我自己都不能相信！
本句中的so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”， 引导结果状语从句。常用于以下结构：
(1)so ＋adj. (adv.)＋that...
so...that...引导结果状语从句，此处so是副词。常见用法：
so＋adj./adv.＋that
so＋adj. a(n)＋n.＋that
so＋many/few＋复数名词＋that
so＋much/little＋不可数名词＋that
He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.
他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。
(2)so ＋ adj.＋a/an＋单数名词 ＋that...
Tom is so clever a boy that everyone likes him.
汤姆是那么聪明的一个孩子，以至于人们都喜欢他。
such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，也可以用来引导结果状语从句，此处such是形容词，一般用来修饰名词(单数、复数或不可数)。such...that...常见用法：
such＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that
such＋adj.＋复数名词/不可数名词＋that
四、话题写作多积累
训练八：写科普产品类说明文
科普类产品的介绍的话题一般是与生活紧密相关的事物，如互联网、 城市交通、手机、自然环境、动物等，一般是说明文。所选的内容一般是我们平常再熟悉不过的东西，这一类的作文应该是考生们得心应手的。题目一般是提纲式说明文，考生只要把所给要点逐条陈述，适度发挥，不要逐条翻译即可。本文可分两段来写。先描述产品给我们的生活带来的便利， 在各方面应用这种产品，再写人们过度使用这类产品可能产生的负面影响。注意描述时，要条理清楚，句子连贯。用一般现在时态。
在平时要增加阅读报纸、杂志、英语读物，从而提高阅读能力。要注意扩大词汇量，提高语言运用能力，避免词穷的窘境，还要熟悉热门话题， 开拓思路，培养语感及英语思维习惯。
1. 审题：审清作文体裁(类型)、时态、人称等细节； 分几段，以及每段大体内容；
2. 列提纲(文章结构框架)；
3. 写作： 在提纲的基础上加上关联词补充要点；
4. 复查：靠语感检查语句是否通顺、连贯等；
(两遍：第一遍检查拼写、语法、标点等问题；第二遍默读)
5. 誊抄：不允许做任何更改。
综上所述，可以归结为：
三审：体裁、时态、人称；
三思：词汇→ 短语→句式；
三查：要点、拼写和语法、连贯。
【例1】用solve的适当形式填空
①With the help of his friends, he finally__solved__ the problem.
②There are still many problems__to__be__solved__ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
③We are expecting to see the traffic problem__solved__．
④ They help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any__solutions__．
solution of salt in water 盐的水溶液
solution to 解决……的办法，……的解决办法
【例2】用somehow，anyhow或者somewhat完成句子
①无论如何，我今天都要完成这项工作。
Anyhow,__I must finish this job today.
②我原以为我认得路，但不知怎么迷路了。
I thought I knew the way, but__somehow__ I got lost.
③抱歉，恐怕我们稍微迟到了一会。
Sorry, I am afraid we have arrived__somewhat__ late.
1．anyhow 常用来表示已经说过的事无关紧要，重要的是下面要说的话。
2．anyhow还可用于继续讲述故事或交谈中改变话题，表示“不论用何种方法，无论从什么角度”。
3．anyhow不用于比较等级。
【例3】(1)用signal的适当形式填空
①She__signaled__to the cars behind that they were going the wrong way.
②This new pay－TV channel sends__signals__via satellite to cable companies.
③The judge__signaled__to a police officer and the man was led away.
(2)用symbol，sign或signal的适当形式填空
①我们用X表示一个未知数。
We use X as the__symbol__for an unknown quantity.
②告示牌上写着“禁止停车”。
The__sign__says “Parking Forbidden”.
③信号机是红色时，火车必须停驶。
The train must stop when the__signal__is red.
signal for 为(某事)而发信号
signal for help 发信号求救
signal with flags 用旗子当信号 catch the signal捕捉到那信号
receive signals接收信号
symbol，sign与signal
symbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
sign指人们公认事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。
signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。
【例4】用arise的适当形式填空
①Are there any matters__arising__from the minutes of the last meeting?
②Problems__arose__over plans to build a new supermarket here.
③If we want to consider how life__arose__we have to look back a further thousand million years.
④ Some confusion__has__arisen__as a result of the new system.
【例1】用result的相关短语完成句子
①It was raining heavily.__As__a__result,__the sports meeting was put off.
②The sports meeting was put off__as__a__result__of__the heavy rain.
③His failure__resulted__from__his carelessness.
＝ His carelessness__resulted__in__his failure.
【例2】用way的相关短语填空
①__By__the__way,__have you seen my keys anywhere?
②There's__no__way__I'll ever get married again.
③He stays__all__the__way__in the game.
④ I'd like to say something__by__way__of__introduction.
【例3】(1)用deal with的适当形式填空
①The novel__deals__with__ the romantic stories of her early life.
②Here the subject may__be__dealt__with__ under four headings.
③I should be very cautious while__dealing__with__ that fellow.
【例4】用watch的相关短语填空
①You must__keep__a__good__watch__for/watch__out__for__ wild animals.
②He asked me to__watch__out__for__ his uncle who would be wearing a green suit.
③__Watch__for__ our new improved product, which will be on the market next week!
④ They use specially trained dogs to__watch__over__ their sheep at night.
【例1】完成句子
①我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。
Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.
②过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。
__It__was__some__time__before__I realized the truth.
③没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。
__It__wasn't__long__before__she became a brave solider.
④ 这种状况或许要过许多年才能得以改善。
__It__will__be__many__years__before__the situation improves.
⑤不久我们就会习惯新学校的生活。
__It__will__not__be__long__before__we get used to the new school life.
【例2】(1)完成句子
你作文中的拼写错误太多了，以至于我读不明白你在写什么。
There are__so__many__spelling mistakes in your composition__that__I can't understand what you are writing about.
(2)句型转换
①天气如此冷，大家都穿上大衣了。
It was such a cold day that everybody put on their overcoats.
＝ It was__so__cold__a__day__that__ everybody put on their overcoats.
＝ It was__so__cold that everybody put on their overcoats.
②这演讲枯燥无味，听得我都睡着了。
It was such a boring speech that I fell asleep.
＝ It was__so__boring__a__speech__ that I fell asleep.
(2018届河北邯郸月考)
鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一。它极大地方便了人们的计算机操作。但是，过分依赖鼠标也会带来一些不利影响。请你以鼠标为切入点，根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文。
鼠标的必要性
对多数人来说，操作计算机，上网冲浪……
鼠标的便捷性
编辑文本，搜索信息……
点击、移动、插入、
收发邮件，选购商品……
拷贝、删除……
点播音乐，下载电影……
如果过分依赖鼠标…… (请考生结合自身感受，列举两到三点)
注意：
1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。
2．词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。
3．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.For most people, it's almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet. A well－chosen mouse is really handy, flexible and convenient in controlling the screen. With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we want. It can even bring us a flood of music, movies and PC games. Just imagine all this can be done with a cute mouse.
A convenient tool can certainly make our work easier, but it doesn't always help in a positive way. Too much ready information on our fingertips leaves little room for knowledge pursuing. Too many ready answers make us less excited in finding truth. Relying too much on mouse clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.
1. 给的信息较多，但是考生不能进行生硬翻译；2. 尽量使自己的文章生动有趣。
考向一 在语法填空中设题
(2017全国卷Ⅰ)As________result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
【答案】a 考查固定表达。 as a result意为“结果”，与上一句之间形成因果关系。
考向二 阅读理解中考查“科普类”话题
(2017全国卷I, D)
A build－it－yourself solar still(蒸馏器)is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U．S. Department of Agriculture, it's an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5′×5′ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the__water__catcher's productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45－degree－angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won't have to break down the still every time you need a drink.
1. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?
A. It's delicate. B. It's expensive.
C. It's complex. D. It's portable.
2. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The tube. B. The still.
C. The hole. D. The cup.
3. What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?
A. Dig a hole of a certain size.
B. Put the cup in place.
C. Weight the sheet's center down.
D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
4. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from________．
A. the plastic tube
B. outside the hole
C. the open air
D. beneath the sheet
【语篇解读】文章介绍了用自制的太阳能蒸馏器取得饮用水的好方法。
1. D 细节理解题。文章第一段第三句和第一段最后一句都说明这种太阳能蒸馏器是可以随身携带的。
2. B 指代关系题。第二段第一句就提到了To construct a working still(为了让一个蒸馏器工作)，而此句的productivity(生产率)更是提供了答案的提示。
3. C 细节理解题。文章第二、三段详细讲述了安装太阳能蒸馏器的方法和步骤，第三段第一句说明在塑料布的中间放一块石头是最后一个步骤。
4. D 推理判断题。这个题目首先要求我们正确理解安装太阳能蒸馏器的方法和步骤，最后一段提到地下的水蒸发后被塑料布收集在其里面了，越积越多，然后在塑料布上形成水滴，最后滴在下面的杯子里，因此水是在塑料布的里面形成的。
计策1：熟悉大纲内要求的所有固定搭配
计策2：结合语境判断所属的逻辑关系
计策1：首句是个切入口
文章首句一般介绍了文章的主要内容，是统领整篇文章的中心，也是深入理解文章的基础。因此，考生应首先仔细分析文章的首句，对首句的内涵进行把握，以此获得解决问题的钥匙。
计策2：重视首句和尾句
对于该类文章而言，段落之间的逻辑性不强，段落之间的内在联系并不十分密切，因此，不能简单地从整体上把握文章的主要内容，而要从每段出发，在对每一段内容进行理解的前提下，将每一段进行联系，从而获得对整篇文章完整而准确地把握。
计策3：进行合理判断
首先，学生要根据词汇、句子判断阅读理解所要表达的大致含义，对整篇文章进行定位后，再进行答题，以防止出现答题思路走偏的状况，从而影响阅读理解整体的答题效果。其次，对文章脉络与逻辑进行仔细推敲，以此把握文章整体的内涵与结构。
计策4：注重知识积累
科普类阅读理解对考生的常识储备以及科学文化素养要求较高，要想获得优异的考试成绩，考生平时就要加强科学文化常识的积累和储备，以备考试之需。
一、词汇拓展
1. calculate vt.计算→__calculator__ n．计算器 →__calculation__ n．计算
2. universe n．宇宙→__universal__ adj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的
3. simplify vt.简化→__simplicity__ n．简单；朴素
4. sum n．总数；算术题；金额 →__summary__ n．摘要，概要
5. operator n．(电脑)操作员；接线员→__operation__ n．操作
6. logic n．逻辑，推理的方法→__logical__ adj.合逻辑的；合情理的 →__logically__ adv.逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地
7. technology n．工艺；科技；技术 →__technological__ adj.科技的
8. revolution n．革命 →__revolutionary__ adj.革命的，革新的 n．革命者
9. intelligence n．智力；聪明；智能 →__intelligent__ adj.智能的；聪明的
10. solve vt.解决；解答 →__solution__ n．解决；解答
11. realize vt.实现→__reality__ n．真实；事实；现实
12. personal adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的 →__personally__ adv.就个人而言；亲自
13. total adj.总的；整个的n. 总数；合计 →__totally__ adv.完全地；整个地
14. apply v．申请→__application__ n．应用；用途；申请 → __applicant__ n．申请人
15. finance n．金融；财经 →__financial__ adj.财政的，金融的
16. explore vt.& vi.探索；探测；探究 →__explorer__ n．探险者 →__exploration__ n．探险，研究
17. happy adj.幸福的；快乐的→__happiness__ n．幸福；快乐
18. sign n．记号；符号；标准→__signal__ vi.& vt.发信号 n．信号
19. type n．类型vt. & vi.打字→__typewriter__ n. 打字机→__typist__ n. 打字员
20. electric adj.电的→__electronic__ adj.电子的→__electrical__adj. 电的；电器的 →__electricity__ n．电；电流→__electrician__ n．电工
disappear vi.消失
→disappearance n. 消失21. appear vi.出现→__appearance__ n．外观；外貌；出现
22. character n．性格；特点→__characteristic__ adj.典型的，独特的
23. niece n．侄女；甥女→__nephew__ n．侄子，外甥
二、单句语法填空
personality n. 性格，个性，人格1.__Personally__ (person)speaking, I think he is a very good man, but you may not agree.
2. We won by three__goals__ (goal)to one. So we had a big party last night.
3. The development of the steam engine was a great__technological__ (technology) advance.
4. I haven't __calculated__ (calculate)the result of the maths problem.
5. Life__totally__ (total)changed when I went to college.
6. Before going to school, all the children are given an__intelligence__ (intelligent)test.
7. Problems have__arisen__ (arise)out of the lack of communication.
8．“One World, One Dream” fully reflects the essence(实质)and the __universal__ (universe)values of the Olympic spirit.
9. He__signaled__ (signal)to the waiter for the bill. So the waiter came to him immediately.
10. We receive hundreds of job__applications__ (apply)each year.
三、用短语的适当形式填空
1.__In__common__ with many young people, he prefers pop songs.
2. As time__went__by__ /With time__going__by,__he has changed a lot.
3. Don't get discouraged by setbacks, we are new to the work__after__all__.
4. To__sum__up,__there are three main ways of solving the problem.
5. She spent an hour__making__up__ before the party.
6. This book__deals__with__ the Middle East.
7. He didn't pass the exam__as__a__result__of__ his carelessness.
8. He felt that God was__watching__over__ him.
9. I worked out the problem__with__the__help__of__ my teacher.
10.__In__a__way,__it's kind of nice to be studying alone.
四、句型转换
1. The child is not only beautiful but also clever.
→ The child is beautiful __as__well__as__clever.
2. With time going by, we grew older and older.
→__As__time__went__by, we grew older and older.
3. Tom has changed much. I can't recognize him at the first sight.
→ Tom has changed __so__much__that__I can't recognize him at the first sight.
4. We have written a lot of e－mails on the computer in the past year.
→ A lot of e－mails__have__been__written__on the computer in the past year by us.
5. He is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.
→ He is__such__a strong boy__that__he can carry the heavy box.
五、课文回顾
Over time I have been changed quite a lot. I began as a(n) 1.__calculating__(calculate)machine in 1642 in France. Then in 1822 I was built as a(n)2.__analytical__ (analyze)machine. My real father, Alan Turing, built 3.__a__ “universal machine” to solve any 4.__mathematical__ (mathematic)problem in 1936. Since I was huge at that time, people thought I was simple－minded. As the years 5.__have__gone__ (go)by, I have been made smaller and smaller. There were times 6.__when__ my size was totally changed. I became smaller and thinner 7.__but__ I got cleverer and cleverer. In the early 1960s, I was given a family 8.__connected__ (connect)by a network. Since I was brought into people's homes, my family and I have been used 9.__to__deal__ (deal)with information and communication each other around the world. I have 10.__truly__ (true)been built to serve the human race since my birth.
in sum 总而言之
a sum of 一笔
sum up 概括，总结
illogic n．不合逻辑→ illogical adj.不合逻辑的；不合理的
legal adj.法律的，合法的， 法定的→ illegal adj.违法的
resolve n．决定之事 v．使分解；决心
resolution n．决心；正式决定
financial adj. 财政的；金融的
financial aid 经济资助；贷款
financial institution 金融机构
financial report 财政报告
finance company 贷款公司
totally的同义词completely，entirely，wholly等
application 意为“申请”时是可数名词；意为“应用”时是一个不可数名词
apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某事
apply to 适用于
apply sth. to sth. 应用；使用
apply oneself to (doing) sth. 专心做某事in common，sum up，in a way，go by，as a result of，make up，after all，watch over，deal with，with the help of
本空还可以使用短语because of
As time went by，...
＝As time passed by，...
＝With time going by，...
＝With time passing by，...
Key words：
over time
changed
calculating machine
analyzing machine
universal machine
huge
smaller and smaller
size
totally changed
cleverer
given a family
network
deal with information
communication
serve the human
第一部分 基础知识
必修二 Unit 4 Wildlife Protection
1. 意识到保护野生动物的重要性和紧迫性，激发保护野生动物的信心和决心。
2. 掌握保护野生动物的相关知识，了解全球所关注的保护环境、保护地球、保护所有生命的话题。
We should appreciate it that we are living on the earth securely. We are treated with mercy. We can burst into laughter as we like. We know the importance to succeed. But animals have been affected by powerful mankind since humans came into being. According to the common sense, fierce dinosaurs have died out. It's not the ending. In fact, the number of many rare animals is decreasing. It's certain that human race should pay attention to the topic of wildlife protection. We all should protect animal from being hurt and harmed. Everyone has the duty to do so. Although some reserves and natural zones have been set up to help them live in peace, there are still some animals being caught to get their fur and meat. The government in different countries should employ more people so that they can inspect the incidents of hunting and killing of animals. Or we are in danger too. The disappearance won't be distant if we don't treat animals as our friends.
1. die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
2. in peace 和平地；和睦地；安详地
3. in danger (of)在危险中；垂危
4. burst into laughter 突然笑起来；大声笑了出来
5. affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭
1. 尽管为了让动物们生活在祥和的环境下而建了保护区和安全地带，仍然有一些动物被捕猎，人们就是为了得到他们的皮毛或者肉。
Even if some reserves and natural zones have been set up to help them live in peace, there are still some animals being caught to get their fur and meat.
2. 每个人都有责任这样做。
Everyone has the duty to do so.
★ wildlife n．野生动植物
★ loss n．损失；遗失；丧失
★ reserve n．保护区
★ hunt vt.& vi.打猎；猎取；搜寻
★ zone n．地域；地带；地区
★ respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应
★ fur n．毛皮；毛；软毛
★ relief n．(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；
★ laughter n．笑；笑声
★ decrease vi.& vt.减少；(使)变小；或变少
★ mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
★ certain adj.确定的；某一；一定
★ protect...from 保护……不受……(危害)
★ contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍
★ appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到
★ succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；继任
★ employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)
★ harm n．& vt.损害；危害
★ come into being 形成；产生
★ inspect vt.检查；视察
★ incident n．事件；事变
★ according to 按照；根据……所说
★ fierce adj.凶猛的；猛烈的
★ so that 以至于；结果
★ ending n．结局；结尾
★ protection n．保护
★ distant adj.远的；远处的
★ importance n．重要(性)
★ powerful adj.强大的；有力的
★ attention n．注意；关注；注意力
★ secure adj.安全的；可靠的
一、重点单词需牢记
1. relief n．(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除； 减轻痛苦的事物
—Don't worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu.
—What a relief! I'll tell Dad there's nothing serious.
——不要担心，妈妈。医生说只是感冒而已。
——谢天谢地！我要告诉爸爸并不严重。
in relief 如释重负；松了口气
with relief 轻松地
to one's relief使某人大为放心，使某人深感宽慰
give sb. relief from pain 使人减轻痛苦
Those who suffer from headache will find they get relief from this medicine.
那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能够缓解头痛。
relieve vt.使宽慰，使放心
relieved adj.放心的，宽慰的
More help in the office would relieve me from some of this responsibility.
如果办公室里再添些帮手，我的负担会减轻些。
We were relieved to hear that she was out of danger.
听说她脱险了，我们的心才放下来。
2. contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍
Today's newspaper contains an account of the accident.
今天的报纸上有一篇关于这次事故的报道。
How much does this bottle contain?
这个瓶能装多少？
When we heard the joke, we were unable to contain our laughter.
我们听到这个笑话时，忍不住笑了。
include 与contain
contain 指包含者是某物的组成部分。
include “包括，包含”。侧重指包含者是整体的一部分。
included和including
included放在被修饰词的后边；including放在其前。
3. appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到
appreciate后可接名词、代词、动名词、名词性从句等作宾语，但不能接不定式。
appreciate ＋ n．/ pron./ doing/ clause
appreciate it if/when ...
I really appreciate having the danger of this job.
我真的认识到了这份工作(2)用所给词的适当形式填空
①I don't appreciate__being__treated__(treat)like a second－class citizen.
②I really appreciate__having__(have)time to relax with you on this nice island. 的危险性。
其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语义上需要接这类从句，需借助it。
He would much appreciate it if you could do him that favor.
如果你能帮他这个忙，他将十分感激。
appreciation n．赏识，鉴识，感激
4. succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；继任
succeed at/in 在……(如某行业)中获得成功
He succeeded in persuading her to give up her part－time job.
他说服她放弃了兼职工作。
success n．成功；成功的人或事
successful adj.成功的，有成就的
Success is a sum of small efforts made each day.
成功是每天付出的点滴努力积累而成的。
A society cannot be successful if it throws tradition away.
如果一个社会丢弃了传统，这个社会是不会成功的。
5. harm n．& vt.损害；危害
There was a fire in our street, but no one was harmed.
我们街上发生了火灾，但无人受伤。
harm sb./sth. 伤害某人/某物
do harm to sb. 对……有害
mean no harm 没有恶意
He means no harm by saying what he thinks.
他想到什么就说什么，并无恶意。
harmful adj.有害的
be harmful to 对……有害
二、重点短语需精通
1. die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
The custom, passed down from generation to generation, has been dying out.
这个一代代流传下来的风俗正在渐渐消失。
die for ＝ die to do 渴望；很想
die away(尤指声音、光、风)逐渐消失；停止
die off (家族，种族等)相继死亡；(草木)枯死
die from/of 因……而死(通常指疾病、饥寒、情感等原因)
2. burst into laughter 突然笑起来； 大声笑了出来
Hearing the amusing story, all of us couldn't help bursting into laughter.
听了这个滑稽的故事，我们所有人都忍不住大笑起来。
be bursting to do sth. 急于要做某事
burst into 突然闯入；突然……起来
burst out 大声叫喊；突然……起来
burst forth 突然出现，突然爆发出，突然喊出
He was bursting to show what he could do.
他急着表现一下他的本事。
A broad smile burst forth on his face. 他顿时笑容满面。
burst out laughing ＝burst into laughter
burst into tears＝ burst out crying
3. protect...from 保护……不受……(危害)；阻挡；防御
protect against保护……免遭……
protection n．保护
under the protection of... 在……的保护下
Protect your eyes from the sun.
保护你的眼睛不受太阳的伤害。
These tree belts protect 500，000 acres of farmland against
shifting sand.
这些防护林带保护了五十万英亩的农田不受流沙的侵袭。
一般天灾使用介词against，小事件则用介词from。在主动句中prevent/stop...from...中的from可省略，在被动句中from不可省略，而keep...from...中的from无论在主动句还是在被动句中都不能省略。能这样使用的还有prevent/keep/stop sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事/阻止某事发生
三、重点句式能熟用
1. It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I'd like to help as the WWF suggests.这表明了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助你们。
(1)would like后接to do或sb. to do，而I'd love to do语气较强烈，意思是“想要做”。第一人称后也可以用should like。
(2)would like意为“希望；想”，相当于wish，want后可接名词。
(3)Would you like...? 或Would you like to...? 常表示非常委婉、客气地征求意见。
2. This is the only home of the red Colobus monkey but there are very few left. 这是红色疣猴的唯一栖息地，但是现在所剩无几了。
There be (no)．..left for sth./doing sth.是一个固定的句型，意思是“为某物/做某事还留下/没留下……”。left是leave的过去分词，用于名词或复合不定代词之后作定语，意思是“剩下的；剩余的”。
四、话题写作多积累
训练九：写一封邀请信
邀请信分为两种：一种是个人信函，例如邀请某人共进晚餐、参加宴会、观看电影、出席典礼等。另一种是事务信函，一般是邀请参加会议、学术活动等等。
第一段：首先要向被邀请人交代写这封信的目的，明确邀请某人参加某项活动，说明活动的时间和地点，正式向对方发出邀请，用词要热情，语气要委婉。
第二段：用更多文字信息来介绍活动的具体安排，让对方感受到活动的吸引力，有乐意前往的意愿，必要的时候，可以用更多词句让对方意识到接受邀请的必要性。
第三段：希望对方能够接受邀请，用词简短但是充满期待。期待对方的尽快答复，以便于写信者做出相应的活动安排或者调整。
(1)表示邀请常用：
I am writing to invite you to...
I think it would be a great idea if you could participate in...
I wonder if you can come...
How would you like to join us in...?
(2)结尾表示期待某人参加常用：
My family and I would feel much honored if you could come.
We would be looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.
I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision soon.
Dear________，
How is everything with you? I am writing to tell you that there will be a________(内容)at/in________(地点)on________(时间)．We would be honored to have you there with us.
The occasion will start at________(具体时间)．This will be followed by a________(进一步的安排)．At around________(时间)，________(另一个安排).
【例1】(1)用relief相关短语的适当形式填空
①令我非常庆幸的是，车并没有损坏。
__Much__to__my__relief,__the car was not damaged.
②她松了口气。
She sighed with__relief．
(2)用relieve的适当形式填空
①I'm so__relieved__to find you—I thought you'd already gone.
②It was such__a__relief__to hear that Marta was found safe and well.
③He was__relieved__to see Jeannie reach the other side of the river safely.
relieve from与 relieve of 的意思都是“解除”。前者指解除或减轻痛苦、忧虑、危险等，强调状态；后者指解脱沉重的负担、包袱等，强调对象。引申可表示“解除某人的职务等”。relieve还可作“给……换班，换岗”解。
【例2】(1)用contain，include与hold的适当形式填空
①This little book__contains__all the information that you need.
②Your duties will__include__putting the children to bed.
③The room can__hold__twenty people.
(2)用contain或include的适当形式填空
他的新书有十章，包含你所需要的全部信息。
His new book which__includes__10 chapters__contains__all the information you need.
【例3】(1)用appreciate的适当形式填空
①Our house__has__appreciated__(in value)by 50% in the last two years.
②Children rarely show any__appreciation__of/for what their parents do for them.
③Many great writers were not__appreciated__fully while they were alive.
【例4】用succeed的适当形式填空
①I've been trying to persuade her to take on more staff, but so far without__success__．
②She's been trying to pass her driving test for six years and she finally__succeeded__．
③This year's harvest was one of the most__successful__ since the record crop of 1985.
④ Thomas Edison__succeeded__ in working out a lot of things entirely new to the world.
【例5】用harm的适当形式填空
①Thankfully no one__was__harmed__ in the accident.
②Smoking__harms__ our health. Please give up smoking.
③This group of chemicals is known to be__harmful__ to people.
④ The government's reputation has already__been__harmed__ by a series of scandals.
⑤ Too much sun is__harmful__to the skin.
【例1】用die相关短语的适当形式填空
①To keep the endangered animals from __dying__out,__immediate measures must be taken.
②To our sorrow, the soldier__died__from__ a wound.
③When the applauds__died__down,__he restarted his speech.
【例2】完成句子
①门忽然被推开，他闯进了屋来。
The door was suddenly pushed open and he burst__into the house.
②河岸坍塌，河水冲了出来。
The banks of the river gave way and the waters __burst__forth．
③他急于把这孩子送到医院去。
He__is__bursting__to__send__ the child to hospital.
④ 她一听说自己考试不及格就失声大哭起来。
She burst__into__tears/burst__out__crying__when she learned her failure in the exam.
【例3】(1)用protect的适当形式填空
①Little children live under the __protection__of their parents.
②Dolphins are a__protected__species, so it is illegal to harm or kill them.
③The plant__is__protected__under the Wildlife and Countryside Act.
(2)用所给词的适当形式填空
①The white blood cells protect the body from__being__attacked__ (attack)by disease germs.
②New legislation still does not offer adequate protection for many__endangered__(danger)species.
【例1】翻译句子
——我想要一个早晨7点的叫醒服务，谢谢！
——好的。保证你会收到电话的。
——I__would__like__a wake－up call at 7：00 a．m., please!
——OK, I'll make sure you__get__one__.
Would you like...? 或Would you like to...？是委婉客气的语气，因此常用Yes, please.或Sorry, I'm afraid not. 等比较委婉的回答。
【例2】完成句子
现如今机场中有比以前更多的飞机来搭载乘客。
Today there are more airplanes__left__to carry more people than ever before at the airport.
(2017全国卷Ⅱ)
假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸(papercutting)艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．展览时间、地点；
2．展览内容。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Henry，
I'm Li Hua, one of your students in your cultural class. I know you're interested in one of Chinese traditional art forms—papercutting. So I invite you to attend an exhibition of it.
It'll be held from June 10 to July 10 this year and the opening time is from 9：00 am. to 7：00 pm. from Monday to Saturday and the place of the exhibition is at the City Gallery, which is located at 118, Jianguo Road, Hai Dian District. Shall we go there together this Friday afternoon? I will meet you at 2：00 pm. at the teaching building gate if you like.
You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms, of which papercutting is one of the most popular. In the exhibition, you will enjoy many special kinds of papercuttings. Maybe you can learn one or two skills of the cutting.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Regards,
Li Hua
1. 结构采用三段成文：
第一段自我介绍引出话题；第二段具体交代活动时间、地点；第三段较为详细地交代展览内容。
2．时态：以一般将来时和一般现在时为主。
3．人称：第一人称。
4．注意使用一些连词，使文章自然流畅。
考向一 在语法填空中设题
(2017全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most________(success)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white－painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
【答案】successful 考查形容词。最成功的地铁之一。根据前面的was one of the most可知，此处要用形容词形式。
考向二 在阅读理解中考查“人与自然”话题
(2017全国卷Ⅱ，B)
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Mutton town. She had found a young owl (猫头鹰)on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2－ to 3－week－old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick (雏鸟)and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
1. What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to Paragraph 1?
A. Efforts made in vain.
B. Getting injured in his work.
C. Feeling uncertain about his future.
D. Creatures forced out of their homes.
2. Why was the author called to Mutton town?
A. To rescue a woman. B. To take care of a woman.
C. To look at a baby owl. D. To cure a young owl.
3. What made the chick calm down?
A. A new nest. B. Some food.
C. A recording. D. Its parents.
4. How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?
A. It's unexpected. B. It's beautiful.
C. It's humorous. D. It's discouraging.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者是一位救助野生动物方面的志愿者，本文描述了作者救助一只被遗落的猫头鹰幼崽的故事。
1. A 细节理解题。由首段第二句可知，作者致力于救助受伤的、流离失所的或生病的野生动物，但结果却可能是令人心碎的，被救动物能否活下来也不能确定。也就是说，作者的努力有可能会付诸东流。
2. C 细节理解题。由第二段前两句可知，这位妇女给作者打电话，是要告诉作者有一只年幼的猫头鹰被遗落在地上，需要救助。
3. A 细节理解题。由第四段后三句可知，作者给猫头鹰幼崽做了个安全舒适的窝，并将它放了进去，猫头鹰幼崽一下就安静下来。
4. B 推理判断题。由最后一段最后三句话可知，作者救助猫头鹰幼崽成功了。爸爸、妈妈找到了自己的幼崽，并给幼崽带来了午餐，小猫头鹰也看上去健康活泼。也就是说，这次救助的结果很美好。
计策1：提示词是名词时可能考查其复数形式，也可能考查形容词
计策2：如果所填空是形容词还要考虑是否会考查比较级或者最高级
计策1：看人称，定体裁
人称：第一人称
时态：一般过去时
体裁：记叙文
话题：关爱动物
计策2：循主题，找细节
细节1：我的工作性质
细节2：收到求助电话
细节3：到场解决问题
细节4：看到状况良好
细节5：给予更多帮助
细节6：看到最美景象
计策3：仔细审题，返回原文
仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩。结合两个定位原则：
①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。(关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等)
②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。
计策4：重叠选项，得出答案(重叠原文＝对照原文)
①通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。
②作题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由。
一、词汇拓展
1. protect vt.保护→__protection__ n．保护
2. wild adj.野生的；野的；未开发的；荒凉的→__wildlife__ n．野生动植物
3. decrease vi.& vt. 减少； (使)变小；或变少→__increase__ vi.& vt. 增加
4. lose vi.丢失→__loss__ n．损失；遗失；丧失→__Lost__&__Found__ 失物招领处
5. reserve n．保护区 n．& v．储备；预定→__reservation__ n．预定
6. hunt vt.& vi.打猎；猎取；搜寻→__hunter__ n．猎人
7. respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应→__response__ n．回答；响应；做出反应
8. distant adj.远的；远处的→__distance__ n．距离
9. relief n．(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除； 减轻痛苦的事物→__relieve__ vt.使轻松(宽慰)；缓解；调剂；接替
10. laugh vi.笑；笑声→__laughter__ n．笑；笑声
11. mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯→__merciful__ adj.仁慈的
12. certain adj.确定的；某一；一定→__uncertain__ adj.不确定的→__certainly__ adv.当然；一定，无疑
13. importance n．重要(性)→__important__ adj.重要的
14. contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍→__container__ n．容器
15. power n．能力；电力；势力→__powerful__ adj.强大的；有力的
16. affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭→__affection__ n．喜爱，钟爱
17. attend v．看护，照料，服侍；出席，参加→__attention__ n．注意；关注；注意力
18. appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到→__appreciation__ n．欣赏，鉴定，评估
19. succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；继任→__success__ n．成功→__successful__ adj.成功的
20. secure adj.安全的；可靠的→__securely__ adv.安全地
21. employ vt.雇用；利用 (时间、精力等)→__unemployment__ n．失业，失业状态
22. harm n．& vt.损害；危害→__harmful__ adj.有害的；致伤的→__harmless__ adj.无害的；不致伤的
23. inspect vt.检查；视察→__inspection__ n．检查，细看
24. fierce adj.凶猛的；猛烈的→__fiercely__ adv.猛烈地
25. end vi.结束→__ending__ n．结局；结尾
二、单句语法填空
1. We'll go__hunting__ (hunt)tomorrow.
2. I would really appreciate__it__ if you could turn the music down.
3. After such a long illness, her death came as a__merciful__ (mercy)release.
4. One of the phenomena that attracted my__attention__ (attentive)was the structure of the human body.
5. Sichuan Province was__affected__ (affect)by the earthquake，causing difficulties to the post festival road transport.
6. I'm not having much__success__ (succeed)in communicating with him at the moment.
7. When she died, I was filled with a sense of__loss__ (lose)．
a sense of humor/duty/shame 幽默感/责任感/羞耻感8. The teacher walked around__inspecting__ (inspect)their work.
9.__Certainly__ (certain), the early learning years are crucial to a child's educational development.
10. For the past three years he has been__employed__ (employ)as a firefighter.
三、用短语的适当形式填空
die out，pay attention to，come into being，at the mercy of，succeed in，in peace，in danger of，in relief，burst into tears，according to
1. The campaign has certainly__succeeded__in__ raising public awareness of the issue.
2. Many traditional customs have__died__out__ because they are out of date.
3. The Irish Free State__came__into__being__ in 1922.
4. Go away and leave us to finish our dinner__in__peace__．
5. If he carries on like this，he's__in__danger__of__ losing his job.
6. You should__pay__attention__to__ your spelling.
7. Knowing no one was hurt, he laughed__in__relief__.
8. Claire looked as if she were about to__burst__into__tears__．
9.__According__to__ Sarah they're not getting on very well at the moment.
accordingly adv. 相应地；因此10. After the boat's motor failed, they were__at__the__mercy__of__ the weather.
四、课文回顾
One day Daisy flew in a flying carpet to Tibet and met 1.__a__ sad antelope. They were hunted for their fur 2.__to__make__(make)sweaters like hers. The antelope said they were being killed for the wool and they are now an 3.__endangered__(endanger)species. At the words Daisy 4.__cried__(cry). The carpet took her to Zimbabwe, 5.__where__ Daisy found that an elephant. The elephant told her that they used to be in danger but the government had taken 6.__measures__ (measure)to make their numbers increase. Daisy smiled and left. She appeared in a thick rainforest. A monkey found her 7.__rubbing__ (rub)itself. It said it was protecting itself 8.__from__ mosquitoes. Daisy realized that humans should pay more attention to the rainforest for both animals and mankind. Daisy was 9.__amazed__ (amaze)at her own experience and asked the flying carpet to take her home. She said she would tell WWF to produce a kind of new drug to help monkeys and ways to get the conditions of the rainforests 10.__improved__(improve)．
preserve n．蜜饯，禁猎地，果酱
v．保存，保藏；保护；防腐
conserve v．保存； 保藏
conservation n．保存；守恒；保持
respond作“答、回答”讲，常与介词to连用。通常只对号召、职责、请求、紧急情况等做出反应或回应。
in relief 如释重负，松了口气
to one's relief 令人感到欣慰的是
当句中用了形式主语或形式宾语 it 时或当表示“某一”“某些”时，只能用certain。
affect是及物动词，表示“影响，(病)侵袭”，多指不好的影响。当affect的宾语是人时，它表示引起心智上或感情上的影响。
employ sb. as/ to be...雇某人任……
be employed to do...受雇做某件事
be employed in sth. /doing sth. 忙于某件事
bring sth. to one's attention 使某人注意某事
call one's attention to sth. 提醒某人注意
draw/catch/attract one's attention 引起某人的注意
fix/focus one's attention on sth. 集中注意力于某事物
come into existence 形成；产生；开始存在
come into effect/force/operation开始生效；开始实施
come into use 开始被使用
come into power上台执政
come into fashion 开始流行
come into office 就职
come into action 开始行动
Key words：Daisy flying carpet
Tibet antelope
fur killed
endangered species
Zimbabwe elephant
used to increase
rainforest monkey
mosquitoes
pay more attention
her home WWF
第一部分 基础知识
必修二 Unit 5 Music
1. 了解各种各样的音乐形式，深化对音乐的全面认识，增添音乐欣赏趣味，提高音乐修养，正确认识音乐的作用。
2. 谈论乐队以及明星生活，引导学生用辩证和理智的态度看待明星的生活。
What kind of music do you like, rock & roll, folk music or jazz? In fact, we can sort out music into more kinds. Have you dreamed of being a musician? Can you play a kind of music instrument? Have you received an invitation to a performance in a studio? Don't pretend that you don't like music. To be honest, everyone in the world hopes to have his or her music broadcast. In addition, music makes a person confident. You will be soon familiar to others. You may earn extra money by performing for the passers－by or in the pubs. Above all, those who are sensitive to music look humorous and attractive. Cash won't work in faced with music. Even millionaires rely on music to forget about painful days. Briefly speaking, devotion to music can make a person better. So, attach yourself to music.
1. to be honest 说实在地；实话说
2. attach...to 认为有(重要性、意义)；附上；连接
3. perform vt. & vi. 表演；履行；执行
4. rely on 依赖；依靠
5. be/get familiar with 熟悉；与……熟悉起来
6. above all 最重要；首先
1. 说实话，世界上每个人都希望自己的音乐能被播放出来。
To be honest, everyone in the world hopes to have his or her music broadcast.
2. 简单点说，对音乐的投入能让一个人更好。
Briefly speaking, devotion to music can make a person better.
★dream of 梦见；梦想；设想
★pretend vt. 假装；假扮
★passer－by n. 过路人；行人
★earn vt. 赚；挣得；获得
★extra adj. 额外的；外加的
★instrument n. 工具；器械；乐器
★pub n. 酒馆；酒吧
★cash n. 现金
★studio n. 工作室；演播室
★millionaire n. 百万富翁；富豪
★play jokes on 戏弄
★actor n. 男演员；行动者
★rely vi. 依赖；依靠
★broadcast n. 广播；播放
vi. & vt. (broadcast; broadcast)广播；播放
★familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
★in addition 另外；也
★sort out 分类
★sensitive adj. 敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的
★painful adj. 痛苦的；疼痛的
★musician n. 音乐家
★performance n. 表演；演奏
★humorous adj. 幽默的；诙谐的
★attractive adj. 吸引人的；有吸引力的
★addition n. 加；增加；加法
★confident adj. 自信的；确信的
★briefly adv. 简要地；短暂地
★devotion n. 投入；热爱
★invitation n. 邀请；招待
一、重点单词需牢记
1. pretend vt. & vi. 假装， 伪装
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth. 假装已经做了某事
pretend that... 假装
To pretend ignorance of the situation would be irresponsible.
假装不知道这件事可以不承担责任。
He pretended to his family that everything was fine.
他对家人假装一切正常。
Sarah pretended to be cheerful and said nothing about the argument. 萨拉假装很开心，没有说起吵架的事。
2. attach vt. & vi. 系上；缚上；附加；连接
attach...to... 附上；连接；系上；把……归于……
attach oneself to 依附；参加(党派等)
be attached to 热爱；依恋；附属于
attach importance to sth. 认为某事物重要
He attached his horse to a tree. 他将马栓在树上。
My parents always attach great importance to my getting a good education. 我的父母亲很重视让我得到良好的教育。
This hospital is attached to the medical college nearby.
这个医院附属于附近的那所医学院。
attachment n. 附着；附件；爱慕
3. rely vi. 依赖；依靠
rely on sth. / doing sth. 依赖某人或某物
rely on sb. / sth. to do sth./ for sth.依赖某人或某物做某事
rely on it ＋that从句 指望，放心
reliable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的
reliably adv. 可靠地，可信赖地
You can't just rely on your parents for the money.
＝ You can't just rely on your parents giving you the money.
＝ You can't just rely on your parents to give you the money.
＝ You can't just rely on it that your parents will give you the money.
你不能只指望父母给你钱。
4. familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
be familiar to 为……所熟悉
be familiar with 熟悉，通晓，精通
make oneself familiar with 同……好/ 熟悉起来
He is familiar to me. I am of course familiar with his work. His name is familiar in the country.
我熟悉他这个人。我当然熟悉他的工作。他的名字是全国周知的。
familiarity n. 亲密，熟悉，精通，亲近
二、重点短语需精通
1. to be honest 说实在地；实话说
to be honest作插入语，常用于句首，用逗号与主句分开。
To be honest, I am mad about fishing.
老实说，我最喜欢钓鱼。
能用作插入语的不定式短语有：
to be frank坦白地说
to tell (you) the truth说实话
to make matters worse更糟糕的是
to sum up总而言之
to start with/to begin with 首先
2. play jokes on 戏弄
Mark Twain liked very much to tell funny stories and he also liked to play jokes on his friends.
马克·吐温很喜欢讲有趣的故事，他也喜欢开朋友们的玩笑。
They often play jokes on each other.
他们经常相互开玩笑。
have a joke with sb. 和某人开玩笑
make a joke/jokes about sb./sth. 拿某人/某事开玩笑
play tricks on sb.
＝ make fun of sb.和……开玩笑；捉弄某人
Whenever talking about this matter, they always make a joke about me. 每当谈起这件事，他们总是拿我为笑柄。
He's someone I have an occasional chat and joke with.
我偶尔和他闲聊，一起说笑话。
3. break up 打碎；分裂；解体；结束
break away 摆脱，脱离
break away from... 脱离……，奋力挣脱……
break down 出故障，坏掉，中止，累垮，分解
break into... 闯入……，破门而入
break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入
break out (战争、火灾)突然发生，爆发
have a break 休息一下
She broke the old furniture up and sold the wood.
她把旧家具砍成碎木块当柴火卖了。
The husband and wife are always quarreling and their relations are breaking up.这对夫妇总吵架，他们的关系正在破裂。
The meeting didn't break up until eleven o'clock last night.
昨晚的会议直到十一点才散。
4. in addition 另外；也
Sports can build our body. In addition, sports can be of great help to shape our character.
运动可强身健体，另外，运动有助于我们性格的形成。
in addition 具有副词性质，其后不能跟名词或其他任何成分，可位于句首，句中或句尾。
in addition to... 加之，除……外还
In addition to the names on the list, there are six other applicants.
除名单上的名字外，还有另外六个申请人。
5. above all 最重要；首先
Never waste anything, and above all, never waste time.
不要浪费任何东西，尤其是不要浪费时间。
Above all, I want to thank all my fans for their support.
首先，我要感谢所有歌迷对我的支持。
first of all 第一
in all 总共；总而言之
after all 毕竟
all in all 从各方面考虑；总的来说
All in all, he's more learned than he was ten years ago.
总的说来，他比10年前更有学问了。
He visited, in all, ten hospitals in China.
他在中国共参观了10家医院。
Don't blame him for breaking that vase; after all he is a child.
别怪他打碎那个花瓶，他毕竟是小孩子嘛。
三、重点句式能熟用
1. What if we...? 如果我们……会怎么样？
what if 用于提出假设时，意思是“假若……；要是……将会怎么样”，其后句子可用陈述语气(用一般现在时)，也可用虚拟语气(用一般过去时或should＋动词原形)。
What if she finds out that you've lost her book?
如果她发现你把她的书弄丢了怎么办？
What if I came tomorrow instead of this afternoon?
我今天下午不来，明天来，怎么样？
so what表示不在乎或无所谓，意为“那有什么关系？”
2. The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. 组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑，这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。
“be ＋动词不定式”中的be to用作情态习语，这时的be to do表示：“计划、安排、义务、应该、可能、命运”等
①表示“将；计划；安排”(意思接近于be going to)。
②表示“义务；应该”(意思接近于should, must, ought to, have to)。
③表示可能性，相当于can，may。
④表示“命运”，将来必然要发生的事，译作“注定……”。
⑤用于“if...were to do”，表示虚拟语气。
After dinner they were to go to a movie.
晚饭后他们去看电影。
I was to have seen him last Wednesday, but he didn't come.
我本打算上个星期三见他，但他没有来。
四、话题写作多积累
训练十：写一则通知
通知的主体部分是其正文部分，包括通知的对象、事由、时间、地点等。书面通知的常见形式有通知、布告、海报等。一般张贴在布告栏或黑板上。
1．发出通知的单位和对象在一般情况下用第三人称，如要求同学们按时到会，不说“we must ...”或“you should...”，而应写成：All the students are requested to be there on time.
2．在语言上，口头通知的句型应该做到口语化，多用简单句和祈使句，语言上尽可能用精炼的文字表达明确的信息。通知的事情都是计划要做的，时态多用将来时，语态多用被动式。
3．书面通知常以布告形式张贴或写在布告牌、黑板上，把事情通知到有关人员等。为醒目起见，标题的每个字母可以用大写(如NOTICE)。一开头需要交代说明何事(what)、何地(where)、何时(when)、何人(who)。
There will be a lecture on American Culture...
A lecture will be given on American Culture...
The Students' Union has decided to hold a meeting...
Those who are interested in it, please...
All the students are expected to attend it.
All the students are welcome.
Make sure that you.../ Be sure to...
Please remember to.../Don't forget to...
Please attend it on time.
Don't be late./ Do be present on time.
Don't miss the chance!
Notice
Ladies and gentlemen，
We are glad to tell you that ________(通知的主题). ________(具体活动). ________(温馨提示)．
Good luck!
The Community Union
【例1】完成句子
①他假装正在专心地听讲。
He pretended__to__be__listening to the teacher attentively.
②他装出喜欢他们的新车，但那只不过是他装腔作势而已。
He __pretended__to__be__impressed__by__ their new car but he was only acting a part.
③他有礼貌地假装没有听到这句话。
He politely __pretended__not__to__have__heard__ this remark.
pretend在口语中还可接as if或like引导的从句，表示“装……的样子”，此时pretend用作系动词，从句的谓语动词要用陈述式。
【例2】用attach的适当形式填空
①At university I formed a strong __attachment__ to one of my tutors.
②My younger brother __attached__ himself to me at the party last night.
③On returning home, she found a note __attached__to the door, reading: “Call in later.”
在系表结构be attached to 和attach oneself to里的to是介词。
【例3】用rely的适当形式填空
①For its income, the company__relies__heavily on only a few contracts.
②He can't __be__relied__on to tell the truth. Don't trust him.
③I am __reliably__informed that you have been talking about resigning from the company.
④John is very __reliable__；if he says he'll do something he will do it.
rely和depend与on搭配表示“依靠”时用法基本相同。 但是depend on还有“取决于，由……而定” 的意思。
【例4】完成句子
①当地人很熟悉这些民间小调。
These folk tunes __are__familiar__to__ the local people.
②她在歌咏比赛之后全市有名。
Her name __has__been__familiar__in__ the city after the singing contest.
③别与他交往过密，他这人不诚实。
Don't __be__too__familiar__with__ him, he's a dishonest man.
【例1】完成句子
①说真的，这是我读过的最糟糕的一本书。
__To__be__honest,__it was one of the worst books I've ever read.
＝ __To__tell__the__truth,__it was one of the worst books I've ever read.
②更糟糕的是那天晚上下雨了。
__To__make__matters__worse,__it rained that night.
＝ What was __worse,__it rained that night.
【例2】用joke相关短语的适当形式填空
①在晚会上，我们老师和我们一起讲笑话。
At the evening party, our teacher __had__a__joke__with__us.
②我知道你是醒着的，你不过在跟我开玩笑罢了。
I know you're really awake; you're just __playing__a__joke__ upon me.
③鲍勃惹比尔生气了，鲍勃开了一个玩笑，消除了他们之间的怒气。
When Bill was angry with Bob, Bob __made__a__joke,__and it cleared the air between them.
【例3】用break的适当形式填空
①昨晚有人闯进怀特先生的家并拿走了许多东西。
Last night somebody __broke__into__ Mr. White's house and took away a lot of things.
②犯人在被押送到另一座监狱的路上突然挣脱看守跑了。
The prisoner __broke__away__from__ his guards while being taken to another jail.
③除了几个前哨据点外，与所有地方的电话联系都已中断。
Telephone communication with all but a few outposts has __broken__down__.
④著名的五四运动于1919年在北京爆发。
The famous May Fourth Movement __broke__out__ in Beijing in 1919.
【例4】用addition的相关短语填空
①这个公司提供便宜的网络连接，此外，它还让软件共享成为可能。
The company provides cheap Internet access. __In__addition,__it makes shareware freely available.
②课程除了介绍一般电脑知识外，还提供实际操作的机会。
__In__addition__to__ giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.
【例5】用all的相关短语填空
①书架的第一层有15本书，第二层有21本，总共是36本。
There are fifteen books on the first shelf, twenty－one on the second, which makes thirty－six __in__all__．
②总的来说，非常成功。
__All__in__all,__it has been a great success.
③无论如何，卖掉戒指是一件小事。
__After__all,__the sale of the ring was a slight matter.
④我想买一座房子——时尚、舒适，最重要的是社区要安静。
I'd like to buy a house—modern, comfortable, and __above__all__ in a quiet neighborhood.
【例1】完成句子
①但是如果有人决定打破这些规则呢？
But __what__if__somebody decides to break the rules?
②——她的父亲很有钱。
——那又怎样？即使他提供(钱)，她也不会接受的。
—Her father is very rich.
—__So__what__? She wouldn't accept his money even if it were offered.
【例2】用be to的适当形式完成句子
①他们的女儿很快要结婚。
Their daughter __is__to__get married soon.
②你必须十点以前回来。
You __are__to__be back by 10 o'clock.
③这样的书在图书馆里就能找到。
Such books __are__to__be found in the library.
④还有最坏的要来。
The worst __is__to__come.
⑤如果明天下雨，运动会就会延期。
If it __were__to__rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.
(2018届福建福州调研)
假定你住在一个涉外小区。社区委员会请你帮忙用英文以短文的形式写一封电子邮件，将周末农家采摘活动的安排传达给住户。
要点：
(1)时间：下周六上午8：00—11：00；
(2)内容：采摘苹果；
(3)报名：办公室，下周四下午5：00 前。
提示：
(1)带帽子、手套；
(2)欢迎踊跃参加。
注意：
(1)词数100左右；
(2)可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：社区 community
Dear Sir/Madam，
There will be an activity held by our community next Saturday. We'll go to a farm to help farmers pick up apples from 8：00 to 11：00 in the morning. If you want to enjoy the beauty of nature in the countryside and experience the fun of rural labor, you'll have to come to the office before 5：00 p．m. next Thursday and sign your names. Everyone is welcome to join in this activity.
Don't forget to bring a hat and a pair of gloves, which will prevent you from sunlight and help to pick up the apples quickly. Wish you a wonderful time there!
That's all, thanks.
Residents' Committee of Community
第一步：审题确定体裁。虽然要求写的是一封电子邮件，但涉及给住户介绍小区周末农家采摘活动的安排，所以属于通知。
第二步：确定活动要点。结合通知的特点写清楚活动的目的、时间、地点、参与对象，以及活动形式。本文有下面几个要点：
(1)开门见山地说明活动的时间
(2)活动的内容及目的
(3)报名方式
第三步：温馨提示参与者。最后一段可以就具体的活动给出一点温馨提示，以期活动能顺利进行。
考向一 在语法填空中设题
(2017全国卷Ⅰ)Even________(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
【答案】worse 考查固定表达。even worse是固定表达，意为“更糟糕的是”。
考向二 在阅读理解中考查“艺术”话题
(2017全国卷I，C)
Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It's Jason Moran's job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan. “What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It's actually color, and it's actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，” says Moran. “For me, it's the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感)lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context，” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”
1. Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?
A. To remember the birth of jazz.
B. To protect cultural diversity.
C. To encourage people to study music.
D. To recognize the value of jazz.
2. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Jazz becoming more accessible.
B. The production of jazz growing faster.
C. Jazz being less popular with the young.
D. The jazz audience becoming larger.
3. What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz?
A. It will disappear gradually. B. It remains black and white.
C. It should keep up with the times. D. It changes every 50 years.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Exploring the Future of Jazz B. The Rise and Fall of Jazz
C. The Story of a Jazz Musician D. Celebrating the Jazz Day
【语篇解读】联合国教科文组织把4月30日定为国际爵士乐日，这是因为爵士乐的听众在不断地下降。同时也是为了让人们意识到爵士乐的重要性以及在跨文化交流方面带来的益处。
1. D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句可知，把4月30日定为国际爵士乐日，目的是提高人们对爵士乐以及它的重要性的认识，同时还有在跨文化交流方面作为统一声音的潜力。
2. C 代词指代题。根据文章第二段中的the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.可知，爵士乐的听众在减少，同时也在变老；同时这种音乐没有把年轻一代联系起来。而文章中Jason Moran的工作正改变着这种情况。故可判断出that指的就是“爵士乐不受年轻人的欢迎”这种现象。
3. C 细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句话可知，这种音乐不可能是以1908年或是1958年的那种方式出现，它要不断地前进，这就暗示出爵士乐应该跟上时代的步伐，故正确答案为C。有的同学会错误地选择It will disappear gradually.这是因为没有理解文章中的具体事实。本文主要说明爵士乐不受年轻人的欢迎，而不是说它将逐渐地消失，显然A项是错误的。
4. A 标题归纳题。根据整篇文章来看，首先说明了国际爵士乐日的成立，其次在下文中就Jason Moran的工作进行了说明，这些均是为了保护爵士乐。
计策1：联想到What's worse或者to make things even worse等固定搭配
计策2：了解形容词或者副词的比较级前的常见修饰词even，rather，much或者a lot等
计策1：了解文章基本信息
体裁：说明文
目的：介绍一个节日
计策2：找段意，定大意
Para.1 celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day
Para.2 jazz audience shrink despite the celebrations
Para.3 Jason Moran helped to change
Para.4 Moran wished younger reconsider & understand jazz
Para.5 Jazz has to continue to move
Para.6 foster emotions in music
计策3：推理时的“最近原则”
①标志： learn，infer，imply，inform。
②看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。
一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。
③依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。
先不要进行推理，若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样，则该选项必然是正确答案。推理题
不是考察我们的想象力，它实际是考察我们原文中的某几个点如一个、两个点所涉及的问题我们读透了没有。因此，不推的比推的好；推的近的比推的远的要好。
④推理题的最近答案原则：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推的好。(原文的某句话变个说法)
注意：做题时不能想得太多，推得过远。是否把原文读懂才是关键。
一、词汇拓展
1. music n. 音乐→ __musician__ n. 音乐家→ __musical__ adj. 音乐的
2. attach vt. & vi. 系上；缚上；附加；连接→ __attached__ adj.依恋的→ __attachment__ n．附属；安装；感情的依属
3. form vt.(使)组成；形成；构成→ __formation__ n. 形成
4. earn vt. 赚；挣得；获得→ __earning__n．所赚的钱；收入
5. perform vt. & vi. 表演；履行；执行→ __performance__ n. 表演；演奏
6. millionaire n. 百万富翁；富豪→ __millisecond__ n．毫秒
7. actor n. 男演员；行动者→ __actress__ n. 女演员
8. rely vi. 依赖；依靠→ __reliable__ adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的
9. humour(美humor)n. 幽默→ __humorous__ adj. 幽默的；诙谐的
10. familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的→ __familiarity__ n. 精通，亲近
11. attract v. 吸引，be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟悉
12. add v．添加；增加；补充说→ __addition__ n. 加；增加；加法
13. confidence n. 自信→ __confident__ adj. 自信的；确信的→ __confidential__ adj. 机密的，保密的
14. brief adj. 简短的；简要的n. 摘要；大纲→ __briefly__ adv. 简要地；短暂地
15. devote vt. 把……奉献→ __devotion__ n. 投入；热爱→ __devoted__ adj. 投入的；深爱的
16. invite vt. 邀请，招待→ __invitation__ n. 邀请；招待
17. sense n．感官；感觉；意识 v．感到，认识→ __sensitive__ adj. 敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的→ __sensitivity__ n. 敏感；灵敏度
18. pain n．痛苦，辛苦，疼痛 v．使烦恼，使痛苦→ __painful__ adj. 痛苦的；疼痛的→ __painfully__ adv. 痛苦地
二、单句语法填空
1. She __performs__(perform)an important role in our organization.
2. These students __pretended__(pretend)to be reading their books when their teacher came back.
3. The VOA __broadcasts__(broadcast)to all the parts of the world.
4. Do you feel like the dress __attractive__(attract)to you?
5. __Briefly__(brief), the company needs to cut its expenditure.
6. The little boy likes music and dreams of becoming a __musician__(music).
7. As a teacher, she__has__earned__(earn)the respect and admiration of her students.
8. This band __is__formed__(form)of eight boys and girls, including two Japanese.
9. The school is __attached__(attach)to Beijing Normal University.
10. Police asked __passers－by__(passer－by)if they had seen the accident.
三、用短语的适当形式填空
or so大约，表示含糊、不确定的量，常置于所修饰词之后
or less否则，要不然
or rather更确切地说
or more或更多in brief，break up，in cash，rely on，be familiar to，or so，make a joke about，to be honest，dream of，to be honest，sort out
1. Sentences can be __broken__up__ into clauses.
2. When she was a little girl, she __dreamed__of__ becoming a dancer.
3. __To__be__honest,__she's only interested in Mike because of his money.
4. Whenever talking about this matter, they always__make__a__joke__about__me.
5. “So you didn't enjoy the party then？” “__In__brief,__no.”
6. His name __is__familiar__to__ me，but I don't think I can recognize him if I see him again.
7. They raised two hundred pounds __or__so__ for charity.
8. Many working women __rely__on__ relatives to help take care of their children.
9. We must __sort__out__ the good apples from the bad ones.
10. The shop charges less if the customer pays __in__cash__．
四、课文回顾
Have you ever wanted to be a famous singer or 1.__musician__(music)? If we are honest 2.__with__ ourselves, most of us have dreamed of 3.__being__(be)famous. But how do people get to form a band? Sometimes, bands are formed by high school students 4.__who__ may play to 5.__passers－by__(passer－by)in the street 6.__or__ subway so that they can earn some extra money.
There was one band that began as a TV show. It 7.__was__called__(call)the Monkees. First they invited other musicians to sing for them. After a year they started to play their own instruments and write their own songs like a real band. They became 8.__more__popular__(popular)than the Beatles. However, the band 9.__broke__(break)up in about 1970, and reunited in the mid－1980s. They produced a new record in 1996, which was a 10.__celebration__(celebrate)of their time as a real band.
be familiar with sth.熟悉，通晓，精通
be familiar with English 通晓英语
form the habit of养成习惯
form into组成……；编成……
in the form of用……的形式
in any form 以任何形式
be in/out of form 处于良好状态/不良状态
take the form of 采取……的形式
fill in/out the form 填表格
earn指经过艰苦努力而得到回报，意为“赚得，挣得，博得”。
have confidence in 对……信任
have confidence in sb.'s ability 相信某人的能力
invite a team to a tournament 邀请一个队参加一场锦标赛
invite sb.to a club 邀请某人参加俱乐部
invite sb.to a wedding 邀请某人参加婚礼
invite out请(某人)出去引起→ __attractive__ adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的→__attraction__ n. 吸引，爱慕
perform的基本意思是“履行，执行，完成”，多指完成某项事业或较为复杂的工作，可接表示任务、责任、奇迹、功能等抽象意义的名词作宾语，也可与表示手术、实验等具体意义的名词连用。
broadcasting n. 广播；播放
broadcaster n. 广播员
in brief 简言之
to be brief 简言之
类似“in ＋名词”的结构还有：
in return作为回报 in all共计
in fact实际上 in short简而言之
in turn反过来，依次 in case万一
in doubt感到怀疑的 in effect生效
in vain徒劳的，无效 in place适当的
in sight看得见的
Key words：
wanted singer
honest most of us
dreamed of form a band
high school students
passers－by earn some money
TV show Monkees
after a year real band
popular break up
produced celebrate
