第31课时 介词和连词
(一)介词
介词是一种虚词，表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或动名词等作它的宾语(如果是人称代词，则要用宾格)，介词和它的宾语构成介词短语，在句中作状语、表语或定语等。对于介词的考查主要涉及以下考点：21cnjy.com
1．表示时间、地点、方位、方式的介词的基本用法；
2．介词的固定搭配。
表示时间的介词
1．at，in与on
介词
用法
举例
at
在具体的某一时刻
at 10：00 am在上午十点钟
在某个节日期间
at the Spring Festival在春节
固定搭配
at noon/night在中午/晚上
at the end of在……最后
in
常与表示“一段时间”的时间名词搭配(如世纪、季节、月份、年份)
in December 在十二月
in winter在冬天
in 2018 在2018年
表示泛指的上下午、傍晚、白天等
in the morning/afternoon/evening/day 在早上/下午/晚上/白天
“in＋一段时间”表示“在……(多久)以后”，常与一般将来时连用
My father will come back in a week.我爸爸将于一周后回来。
固定搭配
in the future在将来
on
在具体的某日(日期或星期几)
on October 7th 在十月七日
on Sunday 在星期天
表示在某个特定的早上、下午、晚上
on Monday morning 在星期一早上
在具体的节日当天
on National Day在国庆节
,
2．from，since与for
介词
含义
用法
例句
from
从……起
常与to构成词组from…to…，意为“从……到……”
He goes to work from Monday to Friday.他周一到周五去上班。
since
自从……
以来
＋具体的过去时间点
常与现在完成时连用
I have lived here since 2010.自从2010年我就住在这儿了。
＋时间段＋ago
I have lived here since three years ago.自从三年前我就住在这儿了。
for
历时……
之久
＋时间段
She has taught English for five years.她教英语已经五年了。
注：“for＋时间段”也可用于其他时态中。
3.before与after
介词
含义
用法
例句
before
在……之前
＋时间点
I'll arrive in Hangzhou before 11：00 am我将在上午十一点之前到达杭州。
after
在……之后
＋时间点，常与一般将来时连用
She'll come back after 5：00 pm她下午五点后将回来。
＋时间段，常与一般过去时连用
He came back from London after a week.一周后他从伦敦回来了。
4．until与during
介词
含义
用法
举例
until
直到……才
用于否定句(谓语动词为非延续性动词)
I didn't wake up until 10：00 am我直到上午十点才醒来。
直到……为止
用于肯定句(谓语动词为延续性动词)
He waited until 9：00 pm last night.昨晚他一直等到九点钟。
during
在……期间
＋时间段，强调时间的持续性
She lived with us during these years.这些年她和我们住在一起。
【即时训练】
1．Her birthday is __in__ winter，the most beautiful season in a year.2·1·c·n·j·y
2．The concert is__at__ three o'clock __on__ the afternoon of December 18th.
3．I've had this mobile phone __for__ three years.
4．I studied __until__ midnight last night so I'm very tired now.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
5．Teachers' Day is __on__ September 10.
表示地点、方位的介词
1．at与in
介词
用法
举例
at
表示一个点或小地方前(如学校、家等)
at home在家
in
表示一个范围或大地方前(如国家、城市)
in Shanghai在上海
2.in，to与on
介词
用法
例句
in
表示在某一地区的某方位(在该范围以内)
China is in the east of Asia.中国在亚洲东部。
to
表示在某一地区之外的某方位(不属于该范围)
Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东面。
on
表示与某地的相邻关系(两地接壤)
Guangdong Province is on the southeast of Guangxi.广东省在广西的东南边。
3.over，above，on，under与below
介词
含义
例句
over
“在……正上方”(垂直，两者不接触)
There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。
above
“在……的上方”(不一定垂直，两者不接触)
Raise your arms above your head.把手臂举过头顶。
on
“在……上面”(两者接触)
There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。
续表
under
“在……正下方”(垂直，两者不接触)
My football is under the chair.我的足球在椅子下面。
below
“在……的下方”(不一定垂直，两者不接触)
He dived below the surface of the water.他潜入了水面以下。
4.in front of与in the front of
短语
含义
例句
in
front
of
表示“在……(外部)的前面”
There is a tree in front of the classroom.教室(外部)的前面有一棵树。
in
the
front
of
表示“在……(内部)的前面”
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室(内部)前面有一块黑板。
5.between与among
单词
含义
例句
between
在两者之间，常用于between…and…中
I sat down between Amy and Kate.我在艾米和凯特之间坐下。
among
在三者或三者以上之间
There is a house among the trees.树丛间有一座房子。
6.across，through，over与past
单词
含义及用法
举例
across
“穿过；越过；横过；渡过”，指从一边到另一边，强调从表面穿过，如穿过/横过road，river，bridge等。通常和go，walk，swim等动词连用。
go across the road过马路
through
“穿过”，强调从空间内部穿过，如穿过forest，window等。
go through the tunnel穿过隧道
over
“翻越；越过”，指从物体上方(尤指障碍物)跨过，如跨过fence，wall等。通常和jump，climb等动词连用。
jump over the hurdle跨栏
past
“经过”，指从旁边经过、路过。
walk past the desk经过课桌
7.其他方位介词
near
在……附近
next to
在……旁边，附近
beside在……旁边
under
在……下面
behind
在……后面
inside
在……里面
outside
在……外面
along
沿着
across from
在……对面
【即时训练】
1．Jim lives __in__ a small village and the air there is very fresh.www.21-cn-jy.com
2．Taiwan lies __to__ the east of Fujian，__in__ the southeast of China.21·世纪*教育网
3．Oh，my god! I've left my keys in the room.I'll have to get in __through__ the window.
4．The plane is flying__above__ the clouds.
5．He arrived__at__ the station at ten.
表示方式的介词
介词
用法
举例
by
表示“以……方式、方法或手段”，常与表示交通工具的名词连用。
She usually goes to school by bike.她通常骑自行车去上学。
with
表示“用……工具、材料、身体的某一部分或器官”。
People often eat with chopsticks in China.在中国人们通常用筷子吃饭。
in
表示“用……语言、语调、颜色等”。
What's this in English？这个用英语怎么说？
on
表示“用网络、电视、收音机、电话等”。
They talk on the phone every day.他们每天在电话上交谈。
【即时训练】
用适当的方式介词填空。
1．I learn English__by__ keeping a diary __in__ English.21·cn·jy·com
2．My brother loves watching game shows__on__ TV.
3．We can see__with__ our eyes.
其他常见介词
介词
例句
about 关于；
对于
Could you tell me about your life？你能告诉我关于你的生活吗？
from 从……
He comes from America.他来自美国。
with 与……
一起；附有
She often goes shopping with her mother.她经常和妈妈去购物。
I'd like a house with a garden.我想要一座带花园的房子。
without 没有
Without his help，I couldn't pass the maths exam.没有他的帮助，我不可能通过数学考试。
of(属于)……的
Here is a photo of my family.这是一张我的全家福。
for 对于；
为了
What would you like for breakfast？早餐你想吃什么？
Let me carry the box for you.让我为你搬这个箱子。
to 向；到
Do you know the way to the zoo？你知道去公园的路吗？
as 作为
We have a job for you as a waiter.我们有一份服务员的工作提供给你。
against 对抗
Our class played against Class Three.我们班和三班进行了比赛。
【即时训练】
1.Everyone is born__with__ the ability to learn.
2.I got an iPad__from__ my uncle for my birthday.www-2-1-cnjy-com
3.Wild animals are our friends.We shouldn't kill them __for__ food or clothing.
4.Chinese will be widely used__as__ a foreign language in the world.2-1-c-n-j-y
5.Although he was__against__ my opinion，the old professor didn't come up with his own.
介词短语与介词的固定搭配
介词作为虚词，不能单独使用，常与名词等构成介词短语或与动词等搭配使用。常见介词搭配类型如下：
1．介词＋名词
at noon/night在中午/晚上
at home在家
at work在工作
at school在学校
at the foot of在……脚下
at the back of在……后面
at the beginning of在……开始
at the end of在……结尾
at the same time同时
as a result结果
by the way顺便提一下
by hand用手；手工；亲手
by the end of到……结束时
by bike/bus/car/train/plane骑自行车/乘公共汽车/小汽车/火车/飞机
day by day日复一日
for example例如
in time及时
in bed卧床
in surprise惊奇地
in front of在……前面
in English用英语
in the middle在中间
in a hurry匆忙；急忙
in a low/loud voice低/大声地
in a word总而言之
in trouble处于困境
in danger处于危险中
in fact事实上
in the end最后；终于
in the day在白天
in all总共；总计
in order井然有序
in silence无声地
in public当众；公开地
in person亲自
in my opinion在我看来
on foot步行
on time准时；按时
on duty值日
on show展览
on one's own独立；独自
on the left/right在左/右边
on the one hand…，on the other hand…一方面……另一方面……
to one's surprise使某人吃惊的是
2.be＋形容词/过去分词＋介词
be afraid of害怕
be angry with sb.对某人生气
be born with天生具有
be busy with忙于……
be different from 与……不同
be excited about对……感到兴奋
be famous for因……而闻名
be friendly/kind to sb.对某人友好
be full of/be filled with充满……
be good at擅长于……
be good/bad for对……有好处/坏处
be harmful to对……有害
be interested in对……感兴趣
be late for迟到
be made of/from由……制成
be proud of为……感到自豪/骄傲
be responsible for对……有责任
be satisfied/pleased with sth.对某事感到满意
be surprised at对……感到惊奇/诧异
be sure of确信……
be strict with sb.对某人严格
be tired of讨厌/厌倦……
be used to习惯于
be worried about担心
3．动词＋介词
arrive at/in到达
agree with sb.同意某人的意见
argue with sb.和某人争吵
care for照顾；关心
catch up with赶上
come up with提出；想出
come from来自
deal with处理；应付
depend on依赖；依靠
drop by/in顺便拜访
fall in love with爱上
fall behind落后
get along with sb.与某人相处
hand in上交
hear of/about听说
hear from收到某人的来信
keep away from远离
keep…from阻止
keep up with跟上
knock at敲门
knock into撞上
laugh at嘲笑
learn from向……学习
look through浏览
look after照看；照顾
look at看
look for寻找
look forward to期待
pay for付钱；支付
pay attention to注意；留心
point to/at 指向；朝向
take part in 参加
take pride in 为……而自豪
talk to/with sb.和某人交谈
take part in参加
take care of照顾；关心
wait for等候
worry about担心
4．其他形式
at first首先
at last最后
at once立刻
according to根据
because of因为
instead of代替
on one's own独自；独立
as for至于
thanks to幸亏；由于
【即时训练】
1．Thanks__to__ the No.48 bus driver，all the passengers were saved.21世纪教育网版权所有
2．Jim got the first place in the maths competition.His parents were proud__of__ him.
3．When Peter arrived at the railway station，he tried to look__for__ a place to park his car.
4．Sally is my best friend.She is always there whenever I'm__in__ trouble.21教育网
5．I want to know what happened __to__ my friend.I haven't heard __from__ her recently.
(二)连词
用来连接词与词、短语与短语，以及句子与句子的词叫作连词。连词属于虚词，在句中不能单独使用。对于连词的考查主要涉及以下考点：
1．并列连词and，but，so与or的用法；
2．常见的从属连词的基本用法。
并列连词
并列连词是指用以连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子的连词(如and，but，or，so等)，可表示并列、顺承、转折、选择、因果等关系。常见并列连词(短语)用法如下：
1．表示并列(或顺承)关系
连词(短语)
意义
例句
说明
and
和；又
She is kind and patient.她既友好又有耐心。
表并列，and前后的词意义相近，否定句中用or。
然后
He came in and took off his coat.他进来然后脱掉外套。
表示动作先后。
那么
Be careful，and you will make fewer mistakes.细心点，你就会少犯些错误。
祈使句＋and＋陈述句(表结果)。
both…
and…
两者都
Both Linda and Amy like reading.琳达和艾米都喜欢阅读。
连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
neither…
nor…
既不……
也不……
Mr Gao neither
drinks nor smokes.高先生既不喝酒也不抽烟。
连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”。
not only…
but also…
不但……
而且……
Not only he but also I am excited about the news.不但他而且我也对这个消息感到兴奋。
2．表示转折关系
连词
意义
例句
说明
but
但是
The man is poor，but he is happy.这个人很穷，但他很快乐。
不能与(al)though同时使用。
while
然而
I like red while she likes blue.我喜欢红色而她喜欢蓝色。
强调对比关系。
yet
可是；然而
He tried his best，yet he failed the exam.他尽了最大的努力，然而还是考试不及格。
注意：副词however可表转折关系，意为“然而”，时常位于句首或句中，并用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。如：21教育网
Tom's mother was not feeling well.However，she went to work as usual.汤姆的妈妈感觉不舒服。然而，她照常去上班。21cnjy.com
3．表示选择关系
连词
(短语)
意义
例句
说明
or
或者
Who is taller，Sam or John？谁更高，萨姆还是约翰？
表示选择。
否则；要不然
Study hard，or you'll fail the exam.努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。
祈使句＋or＋陈述句(表结果)。
either…
or…
或者……
或者……
Either milk or coffee is OK.牛奶或咖啡都可以。
连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”。
4.表示因果关系
连词so表示因果关系，意为“因此；所以”，但不能与because同时使用。如：
He was ill，so he didn't go to school.他生病了，因此没有去上学。2·1·c·n·j·y
【即时训练】
用适当的连词填空。
1．You'd better take care，__or__ you'll hurt your eyes.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
2．I'd like to go with you，__but__ I'm too busy.
3．I could speak neither French __nor__ Chinese，but luckily I could talk with them in English.
4．Smile at the world，__and__ the world will smile back to you.21·世纪*教育网
5．The flight was delayed by the storm，__so__ the passengers had to wait at the airport.
从属连词
从属连词主要用来引导宾语从句和状语从句。常见从属连词如下，具体用法见宾语从句专题和状语从句专题的讲解。www-2-1-cnjy-com
1．引导宾语从句的从属连词：that(无词义)，if/whether(是否)
2．引导状语从句的从属连词：
从句类别
从属连词
时间状语从句
when/while/as，before，after，since，not…until，as soon as等
条件状语从句
if，unless，as long as等
原因状语从句
because，since，as等
目的状语从句
so that，in order that等
结果状语从句
so…that/such…that等
让步状语从句
although/though，even if/though，whatever，wherever，whenever等
地点状语从句
where，wherever
比较状语从句
than，as…as，not as/so…as
方式状语从句
as，as if/though等
【即时训练】
用适当的连词填空。
1．My neighbour asked me__whether__ I heard the big noise last night.21·cn·jy·com
2．__Although/Though__ American people and British people speak the same language，their cultures are quite different.www.21-cn-jy.com
3．Our world will get better and better __if__ each of us lives a greener life.
4．__When__ I got home，my sister was doing her homework.2-1-c-n-j-y
5．Chen Wei isn't at school today __because__ he is taking a robot competition in Shanghai.
,过关检测
Ⅰ.用适当的介词填空。
1．Paul's mother is a nurse.She works __in__ a hospital.21世纪教育网版权所有
2．The bank is __between__ the bookstore and the post office.21*cnjy*com
3．We shouldn't go to school __without__ breakfast.It's bad for our health.【出处：21教育名师】
4．The summer vacation is coming.I'm looking forward __to__ it.【版权所有：21教育】
5．Linda is flying to France soon.She will arrive __in__ Paris __on__the morning of July 2.
6．The local community centre is open __from__ Monday to Saturday.21教育名师原创作品
7．Nowadays，more and more people have taken an interest __in__ watching game shows.
8．Sleeping is a popular way to relax __among__ students. 21*cnjy*com
9．You can improve your pronunciation __by__ listening __to__ tapes.
10．There was a big crowd waiting __for__ the opening ceremony to start.
Ⅱ.用适当的连词填空。
1．—I want to be a teacher when I grow up.
—Work hard，__and__ your dream will come true.
2．The boss was very rich，__but__ it didn't make him happy because he was always worried about losing his money.
3．—You look tired.What's wrong?
—I watched TV until midnight__so__ I didn't get enough sleep.
4．Put your heart into study，__or__ you'll fail the coming maths exam.
5．In 2022，Beijing will host the Winter Olympics.__Both__ my brother and I want to watch it.
6．Our Chinese teacher didn't go to bed __until__ he finished his work last night.
7．Life is like a mirror.__When__ you smile at it，it will smile back.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
8．The book is so interesting __that__ I can't put it down.
9．I like rain __because__ it makes me feel cool and relaxed.
10．Miss Gao has taught us English__since__ we came to this school.
课件37张PPT。课件5张PPT。课件35张PPT。第31课时 介词和连词
Ⅰ.根据句意及中文提示写单词。
1．—We're all here__except__(除了……外)Lily.Where's she?21*cnjy*com
—She's gone to the hospital.
2．—How are you going to the Summer Palace?
—We're going there__by__(乘) bike.
3．You must be careful when you go__across__(穿过)the road.2·1·c·n·j·y
4．We'll play basketball__against__(和……对抗)Class 3 tomorrow.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
5．Take good care of your son.I saw him walking__towards__(朝；向)the river.It's dangerous.
6.There is a stone bridge__above__(在……上方)the river.【出处：21教育名师】
7．Tom's exam results put him __among__(在……中) the top students of the class.
8．Chinese will be widely used __as__(作为)a foreign language around the world.
9．What do you often do__after__(在……之后) school，Chen Kai?21*cnjy*com
10．The Browns have been in this city__since__(自……以来) 2015.
11．I won't go home __until__(直到) the rain stops.
12．I could speak __neither__ French __nor__(既不……也不……)Chinese，but luckily I could talk with them in English.www-2-1-cnjy-com
13．In 2022，Beijing will host the Winter Olympics.__Both__(两者都)my brother and I want to watch it.21世纪教育网版权所有
14．__When__(当……时) I got home，my sister was doing her homework.
15．__Although/Though__(虽然) American people and British people speak the same language，their cultures are quite different.
16．The movie is__so__ exciting __that__(如此……以至于……) I want to see it again.
17．I have only two tickets of Dangal(《摔跤吧，爸爸》)．__Either__ you __or__(或者……或者……)he can go with me.21教育名师原创作品
Ⅱ.用适当的介词或连词填空。
18．Who is better__at__ playing basketball，you or your brother?
19．To my pleasure，my family is always __behind__ me whatever I decide to do.
20．—What do you often do__between__ classes to relax yourselves?
—We often do some running or listen to music.
21．The whole family were __in__ agreement about what they should do next.
22．A woman stood__by__ the window，watching the children playing games in the garden.
23．__On__ May 5th，2017，the C919 took off successfully for the first time at Shanghai Putong International Airport.
24．It's bad__for__ your health to go to work__without__ breakfast.【版权所有：21教育】
25.What do you expect to get__from__ your parents as your birthday gift?
26．—How soon will the manager come back?
—__In__ about three days.
27．The city is famous __for__ its football game，and people there are proud __of__ their football team.
28．The graduation ceremony will be held__at__ 9 am next Friday.
29.China successfully hosted the Belt and Road Forum__in__ May，2017.21教育网
30．Mother's Day ison the second Sunday __of/in__ May.
31.Taiwan is an important part __of__ China.It lies __in__ the southeast of China.
32．—Look in the mirror.What happened__to__ your face?www.21-cn-jy.com
—Oh，there's some ink on my face.
33．Welcome to our store.We have skirts __in__ all colours __for__ $16 each.
34．Jenny，put on your coat，__or__ you will catch a cold.21cnjy.com
35．The flight was delayed by the storm，__so__ the passengers had to wait at the airport.
36．Smile at the world，__and__ the world will smile back to you.21·cn·jy·com
37．The dress is really beautiful，__but__ it is too small for me.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
38．Our world will get better and better __if__ each of us lives a greener life.
39．Li Wei isn't at school today __because__ he is taking a robot competition in Shanghai.
40．I was writing a letter __while__ she was making a telephone.21·世纪*教育网
41．I was about to go to school __when__ it began to rain.2-1-c-n-j-y
课件11张PPT。
