Unit 5 Metting your ancestors
5.1 Warming Up & Pre-reading &
Reading & Comprehending
重 点
单 词
1. ___________(n．)可能的选择
(adj．)供选择的；其他的
2. ___________(adj．)有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的
3. ___________ (n．)被子；棉被
4. ___________ (adj．)足够的；充足的；富裕的
5. ___________ (adj．)原始的；远古的；简陋的
6. starvation (n．)挨饿；饿死→___________ (v．) (使)挨饿
7. accuracy (n．) 精确；准确→___________ (adj．) 精确的
8. ___________ (vt．& vi．) 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止
→interruption (n．) 打断
9. ___________ (vt．) 假定；设想→assumption (n．) 假设
10. ___________ (vi．& vt．)(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰→sharpener(n．)磨具；削具
→___________ (adj．)锋利的
11. messy (adj．)凌乱的；脏的→___________ (n．) 混乱；纷乱
重 要
短 语
1．_________ 不管；不顾
2．_________ 至多
3．_________ 劈碎；切碎；砍碎
4．_________ be aware of/that
5．_________ scare away
6．_________ make a fire
7．_________ prevent...from
8．_________ care about
关键句 型
1. You must be aware that it’s here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this
part of the world.
想必你们都清楚，正是在这个地方我们找到了居住在世界上这个地区的最早人类的证据。
2. I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?
对不起，打断了你的讲话。但他们怎么能住在这个地方呢？
3. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have
kept the fire burning all winter.
我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚。这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。
4. I’m sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew together.
我想它们剪裁并缝起来一定很重。
5. Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins.
我们有证据表明他们的确穿的是兽皮制作的衣服。
6. Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a
large shallow lake.
很对，植物学家分析结果明确告诉我们这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。
【答案】
重点单词
重要短语
1. regardless of 2. at most 3. cut up 4. 意识到 5. 吓跑
6. 生火 7. 阻挡，挡住 8. 在乎，关心
之重点单词
1．alternative n．可能的选择 adj．供选择的；其他的
?The manager said that they had an alternative plan if the plan they had submitted was not accepted.21cnjy.com
经理说如果他们递交的计划不被接受，他们还有另外一个计划。
?The sun shone, having no alternative, on the nothing new.2-1-c-n-j-y
别无选择，阳光依旧照射着陈腐的一切。
?P56)You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly；those are the two alternatives.
你的工资可以按周以现金支取，或按月以支票支取。二者可选其一。
【知识拓展】
21*cnjy*com
alternative energy 可替代能源
an alternative to...……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth．别无选择只好做……
She had no alternative but to ask for a few days’leave．
实在不得已，她只好请几天假。
【跟踪典例】
(1)完成句子
①除了继续下去，我们没有选择的余地。
We ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________．www.21-cn-jy.com
②除了战斗，没有其他的办法。
There is ________ ________ ________ ________ ________．
(2)用恰当词语填空
As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of ________ (可替代的)energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel．
2．starvation n．挨饿；饿死
?In Africa, there are people dying of starvation in the famine.
在非洲，有一些在饥荒中饿得濒临死亡的人。
【知识拓展】
starve vt．& vi．(使)饿死；渴望
starve to death 饿死
starve for sth．渴求/需要什么
starve to do sth．想要干某事
starve sb．into sth．/into doing sth．断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事
【跟踪典例】
(1)完成句子
①The explorers ________________ in the desert.
探险者们在沙漠中饿死了。
②They ________ their enemies ________________.
他们断绝敌人的食物来源迫使他们屈服。
(2)用恰当形式填空
Unless these people get food in the next two weeks they will starve ________(die)．
3．interrupt vt．& vi．打断……讲话；打岔；打扰；暂时中断或中止
interrupt sb．/sth．with...用……打扰/打断某人或某事
interruption n．阻断物；中断时间；插嘴；打岔
without interruption 连续地，不断地
?The floods interrupted railway services.
洪水使铁路运输中断。
?We interrupt this programme to bring you a news flash．
我们暂时中断这个节目，插播新闻快讯。
?She interrupted me to ask a question.
她打断我的话，问我一个问题。
【巧学妙记】
【易混辨析】
interrupt
突然中断、打断他人的言语或行为，使其不能继续。
disturb
较正式的用词，多用被动语态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的打扰。
【跟踪典例】
(1)用interrupt或 disturb填空
①Once warned，nobody ________ the quiet evening by the lake once more．21教育网
②Everything returned to normal after we ________ our regularly scheduled program．
(2)完成句子
我们去找个说话不受打扰的地方吧。
Let’s go somewhere where we can talk________ ________ ．21*cnjy*com
【答案】（1）①disturbed ②interrupted
（2）without interruption
4. assume v．假定，假想， 以为；
假装，装作；
担任，承担
?We assume before hearing any evidence against him．
在听到对他不利的证词之前，我们假定他是无罪的。
?It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work．
普遍认为压力来自于过多的工作。
?The court assumed responsibility for the girl’s welfare.
法庭承担了保障这个女孩福利的责任。
?He assumed an air of concern. 他装出关心的样子。
【知识拓展】
(1)assume sth．假设……；假装……
assume sb．/sth．to be 假定/假设某人/某事为
It is assumed that...据认为……
(2)assumption n．假定；设想
assuming (that)...假定……；设想……
?His look of astonishment was assumed．他那惊讶的样子是装出来的。
?We assumed him to be the best writer of our time．
我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。
【名师点睛】
在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上可直接
用作介词或连词。
①considering, concerning“鉴于，考虑到”
②assuming, given, supposing, provided/providing“假设，如果”
③including“包括，包含”
④judging from…“依……判断”
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
(1)在证实他有罪之前我们必须要假定他是清白的。
We ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ innocent until he is proved guilty．
(2) 假如今天下午下雨我们该怎么办呢？
________ ________ ________ this afternoon, what shall we do?
(3)人们普遍认为，压力是由工作过多且得不到放松所致。
________ ________ ________ ________that stress is caused by too much work and little relaxation．
5. preserve v．保护；维持；保存
preserve sth．from 使……免遭……
?We must preserve our natural resources．
我们必须保护自然资源。
?He preserved the girl from the danger．
他保护这个女孩免遭危险。
?Fish are preserved in ice and salt until they are sold．
鱼在卖出之前保存于冰和盐中。
【知识拓展】
preservable adj．可保存的
preservation n．保存
preserver n．保护者；保存者
【易混辨析】
preserve / conserve / reserve / protect
（1）preserve v．保护；维持；保存
?This program emphasized the necessity for preserving natural resources．
这个节目强调了保护自然资源的必要性。
（2）conserve v．“保存，保护”，强调珍惜。
?The objective of resource management is to conserve our resources．
资源管理的目的就在于保护好我们的资源。
（3）reserve v．指“意见、看法的保留或座位的预定”。
?The first three rows of the hall are reserved for special guests．【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
大厅的前3排留给特别来宾。
（4）protect v．“保护”，强调使其免受破坏或损害。
?He was wearing dark glasses to protect his eyes from the sun．
他戴一副墨镜以保护眼睛不受阳光的刺激。
【跟踪典例】
(1)In spite of failing to save every endangered species, we may preserve the majority ________ extinction．
(2)It is the duty of the police ________ (preserve)social order．
【答案】
（1）from 句意：尽管不能保护每一个濒临灭绝的物种，我们能保护大部分物种免遭灭绝。preserve sth．from“使……免遭……”。
（2）to preserve
6. analysis n．分析，它的复数形式是analyses
?His analysis was always convincing．
他的分析总是令人信服的。
?In the final analysis, profit is the motive.
归根到底，利润是动力。
【知识拓展】
analyse/analyze v．分析；分解
analysable adj．可分析的；可分解的
?We should analyse what they said and not just agree with everything．
我们应该对他们的意见加以分析，不要随声附和。
?Many compounds are analysable．许多化合物是可分解的。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
(1)他对形势作了周密的分析。
He ________ ________ ________ ________of the situation．
(2)他们对这个题目进行了分析。
They ________ ________ ________ ________of this subject．
(3)这些分析为我们进一步研究做了理论铺垫。
________ ________make the basis for our further study．
(4)这项工作包括搜集和分析资料。
The job involves gathering and ________ data．
【答案】(1)made a close analysis
(2)carried out an analysis
(3)These analyses
(4)analysing
之重点短语
1．regardless of 不顾；不管怎样；无论如何
?The club welcomes all new members regardless of age.
俱乐部对所有新成员不分年龄一律欢迎。
?They rebuilt the house regardless of cost.
他们不惜成本重建了那所房子。
?We worked all day regardless of the weather.
不顾天气我们整天工作。
【易混辨析】
regardless of / despite/ in spite of
这三个短语都可以表示“不管，不顾”，但是用法不同。
(1)regardless of不管；不顾；不理会。一般用语。
(2)despite虽然；尽管；不顾。语气较弱，多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。
(3)in spite of虽然；尽管；不顾。 多用于书面语，语气较重。
?The training class welcomes all students regardless of age．
培训班欢迎各个年龄段的学生参加。
?Despite the fact that the doctor told him to rest，Jack went to Spain．
尽管医生嘱咐他休息，但杰克还是去了西班牙。
?In spite of all his efforts，he failed in his English exam．【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
尽管他付出了极大努力，他的英语考试还是不及格。
注意：regardless of，despite，in spite of后不能直接跟从句，但可以接the fact that...
【跟踪典例】
选用in spite of或regardless of 填空
①He decided to hold on the job ________ any difficulty．
②________the high mountains and thick forests，the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the rescue without hesitation．
【答案】①regardless of ②In spite of
2．at most 至多；最多
?I can give you twenty dollars at most.
我最多只能给你20美元。
?It will take two hours at most to get there．
最多两小时便可到达那里。
【知识拓展】
at most也可写成at the most，其反义词组为at (the) least。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①这次旅行最多只会花去你50英镑。
The trip will only ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________．
②尽可能多锻炼身体，每周锻炼四至六次，每次至少30分钟。
Get as much exercise as possible ________ ________ ________ ________ every time, four to six times a week．
【答案】①cost you fifty pounds at most ②at least 30 minutes
3．cut up把……砍成碎片；使伤心，使难受
?To make fruit salad，you need to cut up the fruit first.
要做水果沙拉，首先要把水果切碎。
?He was badly cut up by the news of his son’s death．
得知儿子死讯，他极为悲痛。
【知识拓展】
cut down 减少；砍倒
cut away 切除；砍掉
cut in 插嘴；打断
cut off 中断(气、电等的)供应；切断；使隔绝
cut out切掉；删掉
【跟踪典例】
用适当的介词或副词填空
①The gas has been cut ________ due to the earthquake．
②You can cut ________ the last sentence of the paragraph．
③Mr Davis cut ________ to ask if anyone would like a drink．
④This piece of material may be cut ________ to make a pair of trousers．
【答案】①off ②out ③in ④up
之重点句型
1. So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold．
因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
句中think后面是一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式结构to assume...，assume后面又接了一个宾语从句。it充当形式主语或形式宾语，本身无意义，只起一种先行引导的作用。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词结构或名词性从句。
?It is difficult to translate this article．翻译这篇文章很难。
?What time would it be convenient for me to call you again?
我几点再给你打电话合适？
?It is no use going there so early．这么早去那里没有用。
?It has been a great honour your coming to visit me．
你的来访是我很大的荣幸。
?It is strange that we haven’t heard from him．
真奇怪，我们一直没有收到他的信。
【跟踪典例】
用恰当词语填空
New technologies have made ________ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost．
2. It must have been very uncomfortable．那肯定是很不舒服的了。
本句中must have done结构表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，意思是“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。
?It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet．
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。
?—Guess what！I have got A for my term paper.
—Great！You must have read widely and put a lot of work into it.
—猜猜！我学期论文得了A。
—太好了。你一定是广泛阅读和全身心投入了。
【知识拓展】
“情态动词＋have done”的其他常见结构：
①may/might＋have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，把握性不大，
意思是“或许做过某事”，还可表示“本可以做某事(而未做)”。
?He might not have heard of the news．他也许没有听说过这个消息。
?I might have taken another path．我本可以走另一条路的。
②should/ought to have done表示“本该做某事(实际上却没有做)”。
?You should have finished your homework．你本该做完作业的。
③needn’t＋have done表示“本不必做某事(实际上却做了)”。
?You needn’t have told me the news．I have already known it．
你本不必告诉我这个消息，我已经知道了。
④could＋have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，但比may/might＋
have done表示推测的把握性大，意为“可能做过某事”，又可表示
“本能够做某事(实际上却没做)”，暗含一种惋惜之意。
?Where could she have gone?她可能到哪里去了呢？
?You could have done it well, but you were too careless．
你本来可以做好，但是你太马虎了。
【跟踪典例】
My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _______ have taken it?
A. should B. must C. could D. would
【答案】C 本句表达的是对过去发生过的情况的疑问，所以应该用could have done，答案选C。
3. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept
the fire burning all winter．
我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。
本句的主句是We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick，其中形容词短语almost six metres thick作后置定语，修饰ash。which引导一个非限制性定语从句，在从句中suggests后跟that引导的宾语从句。have been excavating是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继续延续至将来。www-2-1-cnjy-com
?We have been working on this project for over a month now．
到目前为止，我们一直从事这个项目，已经一个多月了。
【易混辨析】现在完成进行时和现在完成时
（1）现在完成时表示已经完成，而现在完成进行时表示还没完成还要延续下去。试比较：
They have built a house．(完成)
They have been building a house．(尚未完成)
（2）现在完成进行时是由“have/has been＋doing”构成的，可表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示
动作的重复。
?Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他见面吗？
?Have you met him recently? 你最近见到过他吗？
（3）现在完成进行时有时含有感彩，而现在完成时一般是客观地讲述一个事实。
?I have been waiting for you for two hours．
我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满)
?I have waited for you for two hours．
我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实)
（4）现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时强调结果。
?Who has been eating these oranges?
谁一直在吃这些橘子呀？(可能还剩余一些)
?Who has eaten these oranges?
谁把这些橘子吃了？(强调吃得一个不剩)
（5）如果强调某一动作刚刚结束，并已产生某种影响时，常用现在完成进行时。
?—Why are you looking a bit tired? 为什么你看来有点儿累？
—I have been cleaning the house．我一直在打扫房子。
【跟踪典例】
Marty________(work) really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday．
4．Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins．
我们有证据表明，他们的确穿的是用兽皮做成的衣服。
(1)suggest在此作“暗示，表明”解，其后的从句要用陈述语气；suggest作“建议”讲时，其后的从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语形式为“(should＋)动词原形”。
?The handwriting of the letter suggested that the letter was from a lady．
从书信的字体看，写信人是一位女士。
?I suggested that we go for a walk after supper．我建议我们晚饭后散步。
【知识拓展】
suggest有两个意思：
（1）意为“提议，建议”，后接动词要用动名词形式；后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气
(“should＋动词原形”，should常省略)。
?It’s noisy here．I suggest changing another hotel．
这里太吵了，我建议换个宾馆。
?I suggest that the boy be sent to the hospital at once．
我建议立即把这个男孩儿送往医院。
（2）意为“表明，显示，暗示”，后接宾语从句(不用虚拟语气)。
?His expression suggests that he has got the job．【版权所有：21教育】
他脸上的表情表明他已经得到了那份工作。
注意：后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)的动词可记为：
一个坚持：insist
两个命令：command，order
四个建议：advise，suggest，recommend，propose
四个要求：ask，demand，request，require
(2)本句中did表强调，且只能对谓语动词进行强调。助动词do有时态和人称的变化，可以用“do/does/did”，
意为“的确，确实”。
?Please do be quiet．务请肃静。
【跟踪典例】
(1)用恰当形式填空
Bill suggested ________ (hold)a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation．
（2）完成句子
我知道他会帮助我们的，他确实这样做了。
_________________________________________________
5．Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake．
很对，植物学分析结果明确告诉我们，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。
句中as引导的是非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，as指代后面句子的内容,意为“正如”。
?As the proverb goes，“The enemy in disguise is just like the wolf in sheep’s clothing.”
正如谚语所说的那样，伪装的敌人就像是披着羊皮的狼。(句首)
?Mike，as we expected，attended the meeting.
像我们所期望的那样，迈克参加了会议。(句中)
?He wasn’t unconscious，as could be judged from his eyes.
他并未失去知觉，这从他的眼神可以判断出来。(句末)
【易混辨析】
as与which在引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：
(1)as的用法：
①在从句中通常作主语指代整个主句；
②表示“正如，正像”；
③其引导的定语从句既可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。
?The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we all know．
太平洋是最大的洋，这一点我们都知道(正如我们所知道的，太平洋是最大的洋)。
?As is known to all, he is the best student in our class．
众所周知，他是我们班上最好的学生。(正如我们所知道的一样，他是我们班上最好的学生。)
(2)which的用法：
①关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语，指代物。
②当指代整个主句时表示的意思是主句和从句之间是因果关系即因为所以。
③其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
?Tom suddenly fell ill, which made us sad．汤姆突然病倒，这使得我们很伤心。
?The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents．
路太滑了，以至于引起了很多事故。
?He was angry, which made him cry．
他太生气了以至于他哭了起来。
?He has to work on Sunday, which he doesn’t like．
他周日还得上班，这是他不喜欢的。
【跟踪典例】
用as，which填空
①There is no simple answer，________is often the case in science.
②“You can’t judge a book by its cover，” ________the old saying goes.
③After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，________turned out to be a wise decision.
④Whenever I met her，________was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.
【答案】①as ②as ③which ④which
Ⅰ.根据括号内提示写出单词的正确形式
1. I passed on my ________ (不确定的) conclusions to the police.
2. Sorry ________ (interrupt), but I need to ask you to come downstairs.
3. It seems reasonable to ________ (认为) that the book was written around 70 AD.
4. Anne ________ (sharp) her pencil and continued her homework.
5. If you don't like the school lunch, you have the ________ (可能的选择) of bringing your own.
6. Wild fruit kept us from dying of ________ (starve)．
7. Small seashells were used as a ________ (原始的) kind of money.
8. It was impossible to state with ________ (accurate) the number of deaths.
9. A biologist is an expert in natural history, especially in ________ (植物学) and zoology.
10. The ________ (mess) garden is in a state of neglect.
Ⅱ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
come to a conclusion show…around as well as scare…away keep out of
at most cut up care about used to move around
1．The woman________ the watermelon and shared it out among the four children．
2．It’s really hard to maintain contact when people________ so much．
3．The debate does not________ until midnight．
4．In the countryside, people usually keep a dog to________ thieves．
5．As the manager, she was________ having her orders instantly obeyed．
6．I didn’t know what happened． There were________ twenty people in the classroom．
7．When you come to our school tomorrow, I will________ you________ the campus．
8．A selfish person does not________ other people’s problems．
9．As my best friend, he shared in my sorrows________ in my joys．
10．Please________ this building．Patients are sleeping．
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 不仅你而且你的妻子也对我很友好。(as well as)
________________________________________________________________________
2. 郎朗一定是当代最好的钢琴家了。(must)
________________________________________________________________________
3. 天那么冷，他们让火着了一整晚。(keep sth. doing)
________________________________________________________________________
4. 似乎没人知道发生了什么事。(seem)
________________________________________________________________________
5. 他过去烟瘾很大。(used to)
________________________________________________________________________
6. 我发烧了，那就是为什么我没去上学的原因。(why)
________________________________________________________________________
7. 人们普遍认为态度决定一切。(assume)
________________________________________________________________________
8. 路上车太多了，我们除了等别无选择。(alternative)
________________________________________________________________________
9. 对不起，打断了你的讲话，你能告诉我去医院怎么走吗？（interrupt）
_________________________________________________________________________
10. 正如我们多次强调的那样，为人民服务是我们的第一宗旨。(as引导的定语从句)
______________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ. 完形填空
I was six years old. It was Halloween. The school was having its annual Halloween parade(游行) to 1 it. All the kids would march a few 2 through the neighborhood.
“Just buy him a costume,” my father said. “ It doesn’t cost much.”
But no, my mother decided, 3 it was my first parade, she would 4 me a costume: the mummy(木乃伊), my favorite scary character.21·世纪*教育网
She 5 white rags(布片) and old towels and wound them 6 me, holding them in place with safety pins. Then she arranged the rags with toilet paper and tape. It took a long time, but I was still 7 enough to see the result. When she finished, I could 8 wait to look in the 9 . I was a mummy! I moved back and forth in front of it 10 .
“Oh, you’re very scary.” my mother said.
She drove me to school. We started our parade. The more I walked, the 11 the rags got. Then, about two blocks out, it began to 12 . The next thing I knew was that the toilet paper was beginning to dissolve (溶解). 13 , the rags became even looser and fell to my ankles, wrists, and neck and you could see my undershirt and under pants, which made me extremely 14 .
“Look at Charley!” the other kids screamed. They were 15 . I was burning red. I wanted to escape, but where did you go in the middle of a parade?
When we 16 reached the schoolyard, I was all wet, with a mess of rags and toilet paper pieces. The parents were waiting there with 17 , starting to take photos of us. I saw my mother first. As she spotted me, she 18 her hand to her mouth. I burst into 19 .
“You 20 my life!” I cried.
1. A. congratulate B. celebrate C. honour D. spend
2. A. blocks B. houses C. schools D. roads
3. A. unless B. although C. as if D. since
4. A. rent B. buy C. make D. borrow
5. A. cut up B. put up C. set up D. turned up
6. A. above B. on C. around D. beneath
7. A. upset B. patient C. stubborn D. grateful
8. A. seldom B. hardly C. only D. nearly
9. A. rags B. shirt C. eyes D. mirror
10. A. hurriedly B. sadly C. excitedly D. seriously
11. A. tighter B. heavier C. looser D. bigger
12. A. rain B. blow C. snow D. thunder
13. A. As a reward B. As a result C. At an end D. as usual
14. A. shocked B. frightened C. disappointed D. embarrassed
15. A. laughing B. jumping C. cheering D. crying
16. A. sadly B. gradually C. proudly D. finally
17. A. pictures B. cameras C. towels D. dogs
18. A. raised B. dropped C. tied D. fastened2·1·c·n·j·y
19. A. flames B. laughter C. tears D. song【出处：21教育名师】
20. A. lighted B. started C. rebuilt D. ruined
II. 七选五型阅读理解
We eat to satisfy our hunger and to provide necessary nutrition for our body. 1 Research shows that there are times when certain foods may provide possible solutions for various problems.
When you can’t sleep:
2 Almonds(杏) contain magnesium(镁), an essential nutrient that helps relax the muscles and promote sleep.
When you have bad breath:
Drink a cup of black, green or oolong tea, which contains a compound that stops the growth of the bacteria that causes bad breath.
When you feel irritable:
Reach for a chocolate bar. 3 That is not only because it tastes good, but also because it increases the production of serotonin(血清素), which affects peoples’ moods.
When you have joint pain:
Eat strawberries, oranges or other foods loaded with Vitamin C. Eating two oranges daily gives you 120 milligrams of Vitamin C, which may help slow the wear and tear on your joints.
4
Drink ample amounts of water. When you don’t drink enough water, oxygen and nutrients can’t reach your brain in an efficient manner, leaving you tired and less able to concentrate.
5 .
A. When you don’t have much energy.
B. The next time you have a problem, remember to check your kitchen first for a solution.
C. When you have any trouble.
D. It is known to make most people happy.
E. By doing these, you are expected to solve all of your annoying problems.
F. But there are other reasons to reach for particular foods.21教育名师原创作品
G. Try a few almonds for a late-night snack.
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A
One new discovery after another has been over and over again plunging a hard-to-accept idea into scientists’ minds: there might have been an even more advanced super prehistoric civilization in the remote past.
Discovery One: Kept in Topkapi Palace, Istanbul, Turkey is a unique ancient map, which was first discovered in the 18th century. On the map, only the Mediterranean area is accurately mapped while other places, such as America and Africa, are well out of shape. When studying in a deeper way, however, the scientists were amazed at finding the ancient map was actually a bird’s-eye map. Compared with the pictures of the earth taken by the Apollo 8 spacecraft, the Turkey map is exactly the repeat of them and the deformable boundaries of America and Africa agree well with those of the Apollo 8’s pictures. To scientists’ astonishment, the map even describes the complex landforms of the Antarctic covered with several-kilometer- thick ice, which is as like as two peas with the map made by the 1952 Antarctica expedition with the help of the sonic echo sounder. But the old map was made in the remote ancient times!
Discovery Two: On the Lake Titicaca Plateau of South America lies the ruin of an ancient city, at the centre of which stands a huge red sandstone statue. Printed on it is a complete star map with hundreds of signs. Through years of study, scientists finally decoded the map and signs. This is a star map describing the starry sky 27,000 years ago. The signs record the extremely deep astronomic knowledge, which is even beyond the modern people’s understanding.
Discovery Three: In 1921, people happened to find an ancient Nied man’s skull in Zambia, Africa. In the right of the skull there is an edge-smooth round hole, which scientists have decided only a bullet can make. But the ancient Nied people lived about 70,000 years ago, when mankind is supposed to have just learnt to use axes.
Was there really a prehistoric super civilization? God knows!
1. The Turkey map was made in _______.
A. the 18th century
B. the 20th century
C. the 1950s
D. the remote past
2. What is the most important discovery of Discovery Two?
A. An ancient city.
B. A huge statue.
C. A star map
D. Astronomic knowledge.
3. The hole in the ancient Nied man’s skull suggests that the ancient Nied people _______.
A. could make something like guns
B. were very cruel
C. made much use of men’s skulls
D. could use axes skillfully
4. The author uses the three discoveries to prove that _______.
A. ancient people were much cleverer than present people
B. there might be a super civilization in the remote past21·cn·jy·com
C. the ancient civilization might come from outer space
D. God made everything, including the super civilization
B
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, more commonly known as “the Met”, located in New York City, is the largest art museum in the United States. Its impressive permanent collection is home to over two million works, divided among seventeen specialized departments. It is among the most visited art museums in the world. The main building is one of the world’s largest art galleries. On March 18, 2016, the museum opened the Met Breuer Museum, greatly enriching the museum's modern and up-to-date art program.
The Mot’s permanent collection consists of works of art from classical antiques to ancient Egyptian artifacts (史前古器物), paintings and sculptures from all but a few of the European masters. It also has an outstanding collection of American and modern art and proudly houses extensive holdings of African, Asian, Oceanic, Indian and Islamic art. Visitors can also find large collections of musical instruments and costumes, as well as antique weapons from around the globe.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art was found in 1870. It is the result of a project between businessmen, financier and influential thinkers of the day. They all shared the same passion of bringing art and art education to the American people. That dream became a reality when the museum opened its doors on February 20. 1872.
5. In what way is the Met special ?
A. Its collection.
B. Its building.
C. Its location.
D. Its name.
6. What is learnt about the Met's collections?
A. They mainly come from Europe.
B. They cover arts of different times.
C. They are from European masters.
D. They are about antique weapons.
7. People built the Metropolitan Museum of Art_________.
A.to bring the worldwide artists’ dream into reality
B.to show the owners' pride in its large size
C.to invest and make more money in the future
D.to offer art education to the American people
1.（2017·江苏）The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But _______ explanations are hard to find .
A. alternative B. aggressive C. ambiguous D. apparent
2.（2013·江苏）—The town is so beautiful! I just love it.
—Me too.The character of the town is well ________．
A．qualified B．preserved C．decorated D．simplified
3.（2015·江苏）Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _______ Thomas Edison.
A. thanks to B. regardless of C. aside from D. but for
4.（2014·福建）Our club is open to everyone ____ age, sex or educational background.
A. due to B. except for C. along with D. regardless of
5.（2013·陕西）My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking, but at least he has .
A. cut out B. cut down C. cut up D. cut off
6.（2016·浙江）George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .
A. must have gone B. might have gone
C. can’t have gone D. needn’t have gone
7.（2015·天津）I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
8.（2015·福建）—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it’s too bad. You have made full preparations.
A. must B. can C. would D. should
9.（2016·北京）—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting
10.（2016·江苏）Dashan, who _________ crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up
with the Western stand-up tradition.
A. will be learning B. is learning
C. had been learning D. has been learning
11.（2013·山东）There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.
A. as B. that C. when D. where
K基础
Ⅰ. 根据括号内提示写出单词的正确形式
1. tentative 2. to interrupt 3. assume 4. sharpened21世纪教育网版权所有
5. alternative 6. starvation 7. primitive 8. accurancy
9. botany 10. messy
Ⅱ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
1．cut up 2．move around 3．come to a conclusion 4．scare away
5．used to 6．at most 7．show；around 8．care about
9．as well as 10．keep out of
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.
2. Lang Lang must be the best pianist alive.
3. It was so cold that they kept the fire burning all night.
4. It seems that nobody knew what had happened.
5. He used to smoke heavily.
6. I had a fever. That’s why I was absent from school.
7. It’s generally assumed that attitude means everything.
8. There were so many cars of the road that we had no alternative but to wait.
9. I'm sorry to interrupt you, but could you tell me the way to the hospital?
10. As we have stressed many times，“serve the people” is our first policy.
K能力
Ⅰ. 完形填空
【语篇解读】这篇文章主要讲了我第一次参加学校的万圣节游行活动，我的母亲执意给我做一件木乃伊戏装。在游行过程中，破布脱落，又天降大雨，导致裹在我身上的卫生纸融化，我非常尴尬，甚至想找个地缝钻进去。
4. C 考查动词。由She 5 white rags(布片) and old towels and wound them 6 me, holding them in place with safety pins.可知她将给我做一套戏装。 rent 租， buy买，make做， borrow借。
5. A 考查动词短语。她切碎白色的布片儿和旧毛巾，让它们围绕着我。cut up 切碎， put up 建造，set up建立，turned up出现。
6. C 考查介词。她切碎白色的布片儿和旧毛巾，让它们围绕着我。above 在……上面，on 在……上面， around 围绕， beneath在……之下。
7. B 考查形容词。尽管花费了很长时间，但是我仍然足够耐心的等着看结果。 upset 心烦的，patient 有 耐心的，stubborn 顽固的，grateful感谢的。
8. B 考查副词。当她完成后，我几乎都等不及看向镜子里。seldom很少， hardly 几乎不， only 仅 仅， nearly几乎。
12. A 考查动词。由The next thing I knew was that the toilet paper was beginning to dissolve (溶解). 可知天 空开始下雨了。rain 下雨， blow 风吹， snow 下雪， thunder打雷。
13. B 考查固定短语。结果破布变得非常松，甚至降落到我的脚踝。As a reward 作为回报， As a result 结果，At an end 结束，as usual像往常一样。
14. D 考查形容词。the rags became even looser and fell to my ankles, wrists, and neck and you could see my undershirt and under pants, 这种情况必然会令作者非常尴尬。shocked 震惊， frightened 害怕， disappointed 失望， embarrassed尴尬。
15. A 考查动词。由“Look at Charley!” the other kids screamed.和 I was burning red. I wanted to escape, but where did you go in the middle of a parade? 可知同学们在笑我。laughing 大笑， jumping 跳， cheering 欢呼，crying哭。
16. D 考查副词。当我们终于到达校园时，我浑身湿透了。sadly 悲哀地， gradually逐步地，proudly 骄 傲地， finally终于。
17. B 考查名词。由starting to take photos of us.可知家长带着照相机在那里等着。pictures图片， cameras 照相机， towels 毛巾， dogs狗。
18. A 考查动词。由As she spotted me,可知我这样狼狈的样子，我母亲看到后必然很吃惊，所以举起手捂 在嘴上。 raised 举起， dropped 下降，tied 系， fastened固定。
19. C 考查固定短语。由下文I cried.可知我突然大哭起来。burst into tears突然大哭起来，是固定短语。
20. D 考查动词。“你毁了我的人生！”我哭着说。lighted 点燃，started 开始， rebuilt 重建，ruined毁灭。
II. 七选五型阅读理解
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了除了解决饥饿和提供营养外，一些食物的其他功能。
1. F 根据本空前的“We eat to satisfy our hunger and to provide necessary nutrition for our body.”及下文内 容可知，此处是说除了抵抗饥饿和获取营养，我们需要食物还有其他的原因。
4. A 根据本空后的“xygen and nutrients can’t reach your brain in an efficient manner, leaving you tired and less able to concentrate.”可知，此处说的是当你没有精力的时候。
5. B 根据第一段中的“certain foods may provide possible solutions for various problems.”可知，此处总结上 文，说的是下次有问题时，先去厨房找解决办法。
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家的几项发现，他们认为在远古时代存在着更加先进的超级的文明。
1. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中第二段最后一句话“But the old map was made in the remote ancient times!” 可知土耳其的这张地图绘制于遥远的古代，故选D。
2. C【解析】推理判断题。根据该段中“Printed on it is a complete star map with hundreds of signs. Through years of study, scientists finally decoded the map and signs. This is a star map describing the starry sky 27,000 years ago. The signs record the extremely deep astronomic knowledge, which is even beyond the modern people’s understanding.”可知这张地图的作用的描述可知发现二最重要的是一张星际图，故选C。
3. A【解析】推理判断题。根据文中最后一段“In the right of the skull there is an edge-smooth round hole, which scientists have decided only a bullet can make. ”可知Nied 人头部的洞表明当时的Nied 能够制造出像枪 一样的东西，故选A。
4. B【解析】文章主旨题。根据文中第一段“ there might have been an even more advanced super prehistoric civilization in the remote past.”可知作者用下面的三个发现的目的就是证明在远古的时候存在着较先进 的超级文明，故选B。
B
【语篇解读】大都会艺术博物馆是美国最大的艺术博物馆。其永久收藏有二百万多件作品，分为十七个专门部门。它是世界上参观最多的艺术博物馆之一。
5. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“The Metropolitan Museum of Art, more commonly known as “the Met”, located in New York City, is the largest art museum in the United States. Its impressive permanent collection is home to over two million works, divided among seventeen specialized departments.”可知，大都 会艺术博物馆是美国最大的艺术博物馆。其永久收藏有二百万多件作品，分为十七个专门部门，所以 大都会艺术博物馆以其丰富的艺术收藏而著称于世。故选A。
7. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“It is the result of a project between businessmen, financier and influential thinkers of the day. They all shared the same passion of bringing art and art education to the American people.”可知，大都会艺术博物馆是商人、金融家和当时有影响的思想家共同努力的一个项目， 他们希望把艺术和艺术教育带给美国人民。故选D。
K真题
1. A【解析】A. alternative可供替代的；B. aggressive好斗的，有进取心的；C. ambiguous 有野心的，耗时 的；D. apparent显而易见的。句意：恐龙的消失未必是由天体灾害引起的，但是也很难找到其他的解释。 故选A。
2. B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：——这座城市如此美丽啊！我喜爱它。——我也是。这座城市的特征 得到了很好的保存。preserve意为“保护，保存”，符合题意。qualify意为“有资格”；decorate意为“装饰”； simplify意为“简化”。
3. D【解析】句意：要不是爱迪生的发明，今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在。A项“多亏”，具有 很强的迷惑性，如将题干改成“_______ Thomas Edison, now we can benefit from many of the things around us.”则选A项；B项“不管，不顾”；C项“除了”；D项“要不是”，常用于隐藏式（含蓄式）虚拟 条件句。故选D项。
4. D【解析】regardless of是固定用法，意思是“无论……”。due to由于；except for除……之外；along with 和……一起；regardless of无论。这里意思是“无论年龄，性别或是教育背景”，所以选D。句意：我们 的俱乐部对每个人都开放，无论年龄，性别或是教育背景。
7. C【解析】句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn’t have done 本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可知选C。
8. D【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。A. must必须；B. can可以；C. would将会；D. should应该。 这里是情态+have done的结构的虚拟语气，can have done表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成 “可能做过……吗？”；could have done表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做； must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句； should have done意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。句意：“对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。” “噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。”故选D。
9. D【解析】句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小 时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故 选D。
10. D【解析】本句的时间状语是“for decades几十年来”，该时间状语通常和现在完成的有关时态连用，本 句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强调 动作的延续性和反复性。故D正确。
11. A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：没有简单的答案，就像科学一样。as引导非限制性定语从句；as is often the case，意思是“情况常常如此”。
Unit5 Meeting your ancestors
5.2 Learning about Language & Using Language
重点
单词
1．_____________ n．意义；重要性
→_____________ adj．重要的；有意义的
2．_____________ adj．有系统的，有条理的
→______________ n．系统
3．_____________ v．吐出
→过去式：spat
→过去分词：spit
4．_____________ v．删除
5．______________ n．学院，学会
→______________ adj．学会的，学院的
6．______________ n．接待员
→______________ n．接待处
7. __________(adv．)以……方式；不知怎么地
8．__________(n．)(刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠；(vt．)搔；擦伤；刮坏
9．____________(n．)幼儿园
10．____________(adj．)放射性的；有辐射能的
11．___________(n．)分割；划分；分配；分界线
→____________(vt．)分开； 分成；分配
12．___________(vi．& vt．)鼓掌欢迎
13．__________(vi．& vt．) 加速；促进
14．__________(vt．)逮捕；吸引；(n．) 逮捕；拘留
15．____________(adj．)有技巧的；熟练的
→_____________(n．)技能；熟练
重要
短语
1．__________ 向前看；为将来打算
2．__________ 追溯到……
3．__________ 因……而晕眩
4．__________ 要是……就好了/但愿……
5．__________ 被搂过去；被舀出
6．__________ 释然；松口气
7．__________ 递过去
8．__________ accelerate one’s walk
9．__________ on behalf of
10．__________ in spite of
11．__________ ahead of
12．__________ be fed up with
关键句型
1．If only it could be just like last year! 要是能像去年那样就好了！
2．Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the
path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her.
沿着回洞穴的路走着，听到森林里狼的嚎叫声，拉拉加快了步伐，她担心 会有野兽隐蔽埋伏着，正等着她。
3. She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her
progress and she stopped.
快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。
4．Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister,
Luna.
突然间她坐了下去，但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。
5．He chose one large stone and began to use it like a hammer striking the edge of
the scraper that needed sharpening.
他选了一块大石头，把它当作锤子敲打一个需要磨快的石刮刀边沿。
【答案】
重点单词
1. significance; significant 2. systematic; system 3. spit 4. delete
5. academy; academic 6. receptionist; reception 7. somehow 8. scratch21cnjy.com
9. kindergarten 10. radioactive 11. division; devide 12. applaude2·1·c·n·j·y
13. accelerate 14. arrest 15. skilful
重要短语
之单词篇
1. significance n．[U]意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
the significance of… ……的重要性/含义
?Few people realized the significance of his role in the whole matter.
很少有人意识到在整个事件中他的作用的重要性。
?The factory set up the year before is of great significance to this area's economy.
前年建起的这个工厂对这个地区的经济有着重大的意义。
【知识拓展】
(1)be of significance＝significant 重要的；意义重大的
be of no significance 无意义/不重要
be of little significance 不太重要
(2)significant adj．相当数量的；意义重大的
(3)significantly adv．意义深远地；意义重大地
注意：be of＋抽象名词(significance, help，importance，value，use，21教育名师原创作品
benefit等)用来说明句子主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义。在
这类抽象名词前我们可用一些形容词，如：great，little，some，
any，no，much等来修饰抽象名词，用以说明程度。
?They are of great help to the learners of English．他们对英语学习者有很大帮助。
?The book will be of great value to the students of studying history．
这本书对学历史的学生将很有价值。
?The meeting is of great importance．
这个会议很重要。
?This medicine is of no use．这种药无效。
?This matter is of no significance．这件事无关紧要。
【跟踪典例】
(1)补全句子
①________ ________ ________(什么意义) of the speech?
②It’s a decision________ ________ ________ ________．(具有重大政治意义)
(2)单句改错
We should know the significant of keeping healthy.
【答案】
(1)①What’s the significance ②of great political significance
(2) significant significance
2. somehow adv．以某种方式，通过某种途径；不知怎么地
?We managed to get the job done somehow.
我们总算设法干完了那项工作。
?Somehow, I don’t feel I can trust him．
不知什么缘故，我觉得不能信任他。
【知识拓展】
（1）somehow or other以某种方法
?Somehow or other I must get a new job.
我必须想方设法找份新工作。
（2）someway＝somehow以某种方式；不知怎么地
somewhat adv．稍微；有点儿
anyhow＝anyway 无论如何；尽管；即使这样
?The water was very cold but I took a shower anyway．
水很冷，不过我还是洗了个淋浴。
?The price is somewhat higher than I expected.
这价格比我预料的高了一些。
【跟踪典例】
(1)用somehow, anyhow或somewhat填空
①I’m afraid we can’t come, but thanks for your invitation ________．
②I was ________ surprised to see her．
③________ or other I must get a new job．
(2)用恰当词语填空
I think her ideas are right，but________I’m not completely sure．
(3)补全句子
要到达山顶不容易，但我们一定会设法做到的。
It won’t be easy to get to the top of the mountain but ________ ________ _______ ________．
3. systematic 有系统的；有计划的；有条理的
?Science may be described as the art of systematic oversimplification．
科学可以描述为有系统的高度简化的艺术。
?He is a systematic administrator．他是一位有计划的组织者。
?She went about her work in a systematic manner．她干工作时有条理。
【知识拓展】
system n．体系；系统；制度；体制；秩序；规律
systematically adv．有系统地；有计划地；有条理地
?Your system must be rebooted to adjust system settings．Reboot now?
必须重新启动系统调整系统设置，立即重新启动吗？
?Shall we adopt the roundrobin system or the knockout system?
我们将采用循环制，还是淘汰制？
?I wish they’d organize the party more systematically．
我希望他们把晚会安排得更加井然有序。
【跟踪典例】
①汉译英
他们有计划地开展他们的研究。
_________________________________________________
②用恰当形式填空
In order to pass the entrance examination, each student made a________(system)arrangement．
【答案】
①They carried out their research systematically．
②systematic systematic“有系统的，有计划的，有条理的”。句意为“为了通过高考，每个学生都制订了
一份有计划的安排”。
4. applaud vi．& vt．鼓掌欢迎；赞赏
applaud sb．/sth．向某人/某事鼓掌表示欢迎或赞赏
applaud sb．for sth．因某事赞赏某人
?When she finished her speech，the audience applauded.
她讲完后，听众鼓掌。
?The audience warmly applauded the performers．观众向演员们热烈鼓掌。
?They applauded him for his courage．他们因他的勇气而称赞他。
【知识拓展】
applause n．鼓掌；喝彩；夸奖；赞扬
win the applause of...赢得……的掌声
?There was continued applause．掌声经久不息。
?The audience broke into rapturous applause．听众中爆发出一片欢呼喝彩声。
?His good conduct deserves applause．他的优良品行值得称赞。
?His speech won the applause of the audience．
他的讲话赢得了听众的掌声。
【跟踪典例】
(1)补全句子
①People all______ ________ ________ ________ ________ (称赞他的勇敢)．
②The audience all stood up and ________ ________ ________ (为那位演讲者鼓掌)．
(2)选词填空(accept/applaud)
When the space heroes came out of the capsule, all the viewers ________ them in delight．
5. accelerate vi．& vt．加速；促进
?We must take measures to accelerate the rate of economic growth.www-2-1-cnjy-com
我们必须采取措施，加速经济增长。
?The driver stepped on the gas and accelerated the car.
司机加大油门，让汽车加速行驶。
?Growth will accelerate to 2.9 percent next year.
明年的增长会加快到2.9%。
【知识拓展】
acceleration n．加速；加快；加速的幅度；加速能力；加速度
accelerator n．(汽车的)油门；加速器
?It captures a five-second history of speed, acceleration and braking．
它能记录5秒钟内汽车的速度、加速和刹车情况。
?The driver pressed on the accelerator, savagely roaring the engine．
司机踩下油门踏板，引擎轰鸣。
【跟踪典例】
①完成句子
The local government has taken measures________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. (加快经济增长的速度)
②用恰当形式填空
He made up his mind________(accelerate)his advertising regardless of others’ objection．
【答案】
①to accelerate the rate of economic growth ②to accelerate21世纪教育网版权所有
6. arrest vt．逮捕；吸引；阻止 n．逮捕；拘留
arrest sb．for因……而逮捕某人
arrest one’s attention 引起某人的注意
arrest the bleeding of blood 止血
?The policeman arrested the thief.
警察逮捕了小偷。
?Poor food arrests the natural growth of children.
粗劣食物妨碍儿童的自然成长。
?The bright colors of the flowers arrested Susan's attention.
花的艳丽色彩引起苏珊的注意。
?The police made several arrests during the football match．警方在足球赛时逮捕了一些人。
【知识拓展】
get arrested 被逮捕
under arrest 在关押中
make an arrest 进行拘捕
【跟踪典例】
①补全句子
灿烂的灯光吸引了这个男孩的注意力。
The bright lights ________ ________ ________ ________．www.21-cn-jy.com
②用恰当词语填空
The agent was arrested________using a false passport．
【答案】
①arrested the boy’s attention
②for 句意：那个代理商因使用假护照而被捕。arrest“逮捕”，be arrested for...“因……而被捕”。
7. skilful adj．有技巧的；熟练的
?If he was a more skilful player, he would have scored more points．
如果他是一个更有技巧的表演者，那他将获得更多分。
【知识拓展】
be skilful at (doing)sth．擅长(做)某事
skilfully adv．熟练地
?She is quite skilful at dealing with difficult customers．
她擅长对付苛刻的顾客。
【易混辨析】skilful / skilled
skilful
指人聪明，做事很灵巧，尤指手的灵巧
skilled
通常指受过正规训练，有多年实践经验，并掌握某项专门技术
?Linda’s father is a skilled mechanic so she has become skilful at repairing bicycles too．
琳达的父亲是个技术娴熟的机械师，因而她很会修理自行车。
【跟踪典例】
选词填空：skilful / skilled
①The new method was popular and many peasants became very ________ at it．
②________ craftsmen, such as carpenters, are in great demand．21·世纪*教育网
③Most of the ________ jobs were done by men．
④The artist is so ________ with his hands that people are amazed．
【答案】①skilful ②Skilled ③skilled ④skilful
之短语篇
1. due to 由于……；归功于
?The team’s success was largely due to her efforts．
该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。
?Most of the problems were due to human error．
多数问题都是人为错误造成的。
注意：
due to一般不位于句首，如果需要放置在句首，常用because of或owing to。
【知识拓展】
due adj．预定的；到期的
?When is the train due at Shanghai?
火车预计什么时候抵达上海？
?Payment is due on October 1st．
付款期限为10月1日。
【跟踪典例】
用恰当词语填空
Dora’s application to that university was not accepted ________ ________her poor English．
【答案】due to/because of
2．fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦。表示“厌烦”的短语还有：
be tired of (doing) sth.对……感到厌烦
can’t put up with无法忍受；对……感到厌烦
be sick of对……厌恶(讨厌的程度最重)
?I'm fed up with such a boring life.
我受够了这种枯燥的生活。
?People are fed up with all these traffic jams.
人们厌烦这么多的交通堵塞。
【知识拓展】
feed up(把人、动物)养肥，让……吃饱
feed back 反应；反馈
feed sb．/sth．on sth．用……喂养……
feed sth．to sb．/sth．喂……给……
feed on sth．(动物)以……为食；靠……生活
live on sth．(人)以……为主食；靠……生活
?You look fed up．What’s the matter?你满脸不高兴的样子。怎么啦？
?Birds feed on worms and grains．鸟以虫和谷物为食。
?We can’t change the bad weather, so we must put up with it．
我们改变不了这种坏天气，所以对它只好忍受。
?The party ended up with a song that everyone is familiar with．
这个晚会以大家都熟悉的一首歌来结束。
【跟踪典例】
(1)根据意思，用适当的介副词填空
①The salesmen feed ________ information to the firm about its sales．
②Squirrels feed ________ nuts．
③Since Bob fell ill, the family has had to live ________ what his wife earns．
④He couldn’t come up ________ an appropriate answer just at the time．
(2)完成句子
①Tom________ ________ ________ ________(受够了)Jenny who bothered him from time to time．
②________ ________ ________ ________(我受够了)the professor whose lectures are boring．
③This is the only explanation that________ ________ ________ ________(我想出的)．
3. look ahead 向前看；为将来打算
?Have you looked ahead to what you’ll be doing in five years’ time？
你是否想过五年后你要做些什么？
?Young people often look ahead to the future while the elderly look back on the past．
青年人常思将来，老年人常思既往。
【注意】
look ahead后不能直接跟宾语，要接宾语须家介词to
【知识拓展】
look down upon/on 看不起，歧视
look forward to 盼望，期望
look into 调查，研究
look through 温习，仔细检查，浏览
look up 查阅
look up to 尊敬，敬仰
?The government will look into how to reduce unemployment rate．21*cnjy*com
政府将研究如何降低失业率。
?My father certainly has great influence on me and I always look up to him．
我父亲对我有极深远的影响，我一直很尊敬他。
【跟踪典例】
(1)用合适的look词组填空
①We should __________ and spare a thought for future generations．
②Mr．Smith had taught for many years, and all students _______ him．
③You should _________ your notes before the examination．
④We’ll _________ the matter first before coming to a decision．
(2)补全句子
①—________(向前看) and you will get a good chance．I’m sure that you will make great progress．
—Thank you．
②You should________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.(翻阅字典查查这个单词)
4. date back to...“追溯到……，始于”，相当于date from。
?My family has a vase, which is said to date back to the Ming Dynasty．
我家有个花瓶，据说是从明代传下来的。
?Tomb Sweeping Day dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period．
清明节可以追溯到春秋时代。
?The cultural relic discovered lately dates from the Qing Dynasty．
最近发现的文物属于清朝。
注意：date back to和date from常用一般现在时，不用于进行时态，而且无被动语态。
【知识拓展】
up to date 最近的；跟上时代的
out of date 过时的；废弃的
?Just like your antivirus, you have to keep your firewall up to date．
就像你的反病毒程序，你要保持你的防火墙是最新的。
?All our information is kept right up to date on the computer．
我们贮存在计算机里的所有信息都跟得上时代的发展。
?The timetable is out of date．这张时间表过期了。
【易混辨析】date back to / date back
date back to
“追溯到；始于”，其后接表示具体时间的名词
date back
“上溯；追溯”，其后接表示一段时间的名词
?The history of their family dates back hundreds of years; the house where they live dates back to the 18th century．
他们的家族已有几百年的历史；他们住的房子始建于18世纪。
【跟踪典例】
①汉译英
这座建筑是1823年所建。
_________________________________________________【版权所有：21教育】
②选词填空(date back to/date back)
The traditional friendship between our two peoples ________ ancient times．
③补全句子
My interest in English ________ ________(追溯到)the time when I met a good English teacher in junior middle school．【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
【答案】①This building dates back to 1823． ②dates back to ③dates from
之句式篇
1. Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts,
melons and other fruit．
拉拉担心她这次盛宴的准备工作，所以赶紧把坚果，甜瓜和其他水果收集起来就快步回家了。
worried about the preparations for her feast为过去分词短语作状语，用来描述主语的状态。
?Buried in his homework, he didn’t notice it was 10 o’clock．
忙于他的作业，他没注意到已经10点了。
?Devoted to his research, he has no time to watch TV, so he doesn’t know what has happened to Japan．
致力于他的研究，他没时间看电视，因此他不知道近来日本发生了什么事。
注意：
有些动词或动词短语常用过去分词形式作状语，用来描述主语的状态。这些词有excite，tire，frighten，absorb，surprise，shock，satisfy，exhaust等。
【跟踪典例】
(1)补全句子
①________ (精疲力竭), he lay on the grass．
②He turned away, ________ (满意的)．
(2)用恰当形式填空
________ (addict)to the Internet, he didn’t study at all．
2. If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
if only...意为“要是……就好了，但愿……”，其后的句子常用虚拟语气，表达强烈的愿望或遗憾。if only所在的句子可以用一般过去时(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟)、过去将来时(表示与将来事实相反的虚拟)或过去完成时(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟)。
①If only my mother were with me now!要是我母亲现在和我在一起就好了！
②If only he would reply to my letter!要是他能给我回信就好了！
【名师点睛】
“If only＋句子”是一个固定句型，表示一种愿望，意为“要是……就好了，但愿……”。
①“if only...could/would＋do...”表示与将来事实相反的愿望。
?I dreamed the coming exams．If only I could have time to receive my lessons．
我对即将到来的考试非常担心。如果我有时间复习该多好啊。
②“if only...did...”表示与目前或现在事实相反的愿望。
?If only I had another chance．要是我再有一次机会就好了。
③“if only...had done...”表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
?If only you had come to help us yesterday!你要是昨天来帮我们就好了！
【易混辨析】if only / only if
if only
用来表达愿望，意为“但愿……；要是……就好了”，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(与现在事实相反用一般过去时，与过去事实相反用过去完成时)
only if
由副词only和从属连词if组合而成，only起强调作用，意为“只要”。
?We will help you only if you tell us the truth.
你只有告诉我们真相，我们才会帮助你。
?Only if you practice more can you speak English well.
你只有多练习，才能说好英语。
【跟踪典例】
(1)用if only或only if 填空
①______________ we could afford to buy a car of our own．
②___________ you knew how hard I’ve tried to please you．
③_____________ the boss has given permission is a worker allowed to leave the place．
(2)用恰当形式填空
Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ________ (follow)your advice．
3. Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that
there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her．【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
听见狼群在森林里嚎叫，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，担心会有野兽在等着她。
此句中多处用了现在分词。“Having heard wolves howling in the forest”为现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语，其中“howling in the forest”为现在分词短语作宾语补足语；而“fearing that...”在句中作伴随状语，其中that从句为动词fear的宾语；从句中的“lying in wait for her”为分词短语作后置定语修饰wild beasts。
?Having finished his report, Tom went to the playground to play basketball．
完成了他的报告，汤姆去操场打篮球了。
?I saw him talking with his teacher just now．
刚才我看见他正和他老师谈话。
?They walked on the road to the library, talking and laughing．
他们走在去图书馆的路上，说说笑笑。
?This is the dog barking just now．
这就是刚才叫唤的那只狗。
注意：
现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，它与主语之间构成主谓关系；现在分词作宾语补足语，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系；现在分词作定语，与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。
【跟踪典例】
用恰当形式填空
①________ (fail)to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead．
②People sat together, ________ (talk about)another earthquake in Japan．
4. She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped．
快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。
句中“had done...when...”是一个常用句型，意为“(刚)做完了……就在那时……”。
when表示“就在那时”时，常见句式及意义如下：
?He was talking about his plans when suddenly the lights went off．
他还在喋喋不休地讲着他的计划，这时灯突然灭了。
?I was about to go to bed when someone knocked at the door．
我正要上床睡觉，这时有人敲门。
?We had hardly arrived when it began to snow．我们刚到就开始下雨了。
【跟踪典例】
①用恰当词语填空
She had just finished her homework ________ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday．
②用恰当形式填空
Jim________(watch)a late night film at home when，right in the middle of a thrilling scene，the television went blank．
5. He chose one large stone and began to use it like a hammer striking the edge of the scraper that needed
sharpening．
他选了一大块石头，把它当作锤子敲打一个需要磨快的石刮刀边沿。
(1)本句中and连接两个并列谓语；that引导的定语从句修饰先行词scraper。
(2)句中needed sharpening中的sharpening是动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，英语中need，want，require
等动词后可以接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用动词不定式的被动形式表示被动意义。
?The house needs cleaning/to be cleaned．这所房子需要打扫一下。
?The sentence wants explaining/to be explained again．这个句子需要再解释一遍。
【知识拓展】
在英语表达当中有很多用的是主动形式，但表达的意义却是被动的，
现总结如下：
①表示感受、感官的连系动词feel，sound，taste，look等在主系表结构中
常以主动形式表示被动含义。
?The mixture tasted terrible．这种混合物尝起来味道很不好。
②表达事物行为、方式的动词open，shut，lock，sell，write，wash等习
惯上以主动形式表示被动含义。
?This kind of cloth washes well．这种布料很好洗。
?The new door won’t open．新门打不开。
③“be＋形容词＋不定式”结构常表示被动含义。
?The problem is hard to solve．这问题很难解决。
④be on show, be on sale, be under discussion等表被动意义。
?Summer clothes are on sale．夏装正在出售。
⑤“be worth doing”结构表示被动含义。
?The film is worth seeing．这部电影值得一看。
⑥“不定式作后置定语”结构表示被动含义。
?Would you like something to drink?你想喝点什么吗？
【跟踪典例】
用恰当形式填空
We’ve had a good start，but next，more work needs________ (do)to achieve the final success．
6. Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna．
突然她坐了下来，结果被她的又笑又喊的妹妹卢娜一把抱了起来。
本句中only to be scooped up...作结果状语，强调意想不到的结果。
?He woke up only to find everyone gone．他醒了过来结果发现大家都走了。
?She returned home only to find that no one was at home．她回到家，才发现家里没有一个人。
【知识拓展】
不定式在句子中作结果状语，强调意料之外的结果，要注意不定式与句子主语的关系，是主谓关系的，用主动式，是被动关系的，用动词不定式的被动式；而v．-ing形式在句子中作结果状语，强调自然的、必然的结果。
?The fire was too big and out of control, burning the whole building down．
火太大并失去了控制，把整座楼都烧倒了。
【跟踪典例】
(1)补全句子
①The police hurried to the spot，________ ________ ________(结果发现)that the damaged car had been taken away．
②Many highways have been built in China, ________ ________ ________ (使……更容易) for people to travel from one place to another．
(2)用恰当形式填空
Last summer holiday, I went back to my hometown, only ________ (find)the neighbors and the house that I used to be familiar with were gone．
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．R______waste needs disposing with caution．
2．I d______the file by mistake yesterday，for which I was scolded by my manager．
3．The airplane climbed to a ________ (眩晕的) height．
4．The students ________ (鼓掌欢迎) the boy student’s clever answer．
5．We will ________ (加速) the reform of the financial system under these circumstances．
6．They’ve ________ (逮捕) almost everybody who is involved in the robbery．
7．The results of the study have a great ________ (重要意义) for all the professions．
8．It was a ________ (宽慰) to be able to talk to someone about it．
9． ________ (不知怎么地)，she looks different．
10．The police have already ________ (确认) 10 murder suspects．
Ⅱ. 选词填空
be worried about； if only； look ahead； with relief； come up； pull out
now and then; enough to; in good condition; believe in
1．Be patient, the question is bound to ________ at the meeting.
2．I'm old ________ have the freedom to do as I like.
3．My mother was very ill, and I had to attend to her. And I ________ her operation.
4．He asked the doctor to ________ his bad tooth.
5．We must ________ before we make a decision.
6．You'd better not ________ him. He is a cheater.
7．I don't care about the price, so long as the car is ________.
8．We all sighed ________ when the plane finally touched down safely.
9．He takes my sister out to the theatre ________.
10．I dread the coming exams. ________ I could have time to review my lessons.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1．____________________ a few minutes earlier!
要是我们早来几分钟就好了！
2．It's a tradition ____________________ 100 years ago.
这个传统追溯到100年以前。
3．I had just fallen asleep __________________.
我刚睡着电话铃就响了。
4．She turned to the driveway ________________.
她转入车道却发现道路已被堵了。
5．The foreigner __________________ is from Canada.
昨天参观我们学校的外宾来自加拿大。
6．I ____________________ the children's behavior.
我烦透了这些孩子的行为。
7．______________________， the boy was allowed to watch TV.
完成作业后，那个男孩被允许看电视了。
8. The speaker gave us a talk ____________________(非常重要)．
那位演讲者给我们做了一次非常重要的演讲。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet. There are over eighty of them along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid.
Some of the pyramids still look as much alike as they must have been when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stones to use in modern buildings. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to keep the pyramids in good condition, and their very shape has made them less likely to fall into ruin. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last forever.
The "Step" pyramid had to be on the west side of the Nile, the side on which the sun set. This was for level of the river to protect it against the regular floods. It could not be too far from the Nile, however, as the stones to build it needed to be carried in boats down the river to the nearest point. Water transport was, of course, much easier than land transport. The builders also had to find a rock base, which was not likely to break under the great weight of the pyramid. Finally, it had to be near the capital, or better still near the king's palace so that he could visit it easily to personally check the progress being made on the final resting place for his body.
1. The most important reason why some pyramids remain in good condition is that .
A. people have taken good care of them
B. it doesn't rain often in Egypt
C. they were well designed
D. the government has protected them from damage
2. Most of the damage to the pyramids has been caused by .
A. the regular floods
B. the dry climate of Egypt
C. the special shape of the pyramids
D. people in search of building materials
3. The Egyptians built the pyramids along the banks of the Nile because .
A. they believed in their god
B. it was difficult to find a large rock base far from the Nile
C. the river helped a lot in the transport of building materials
D. it was not easy to choose a suitable place for the pyramids
4．The last paragraph of the passage mainly tells us .
A. it was easy for the king to check
B. water transport was easier than land transport
C. there was a rock base for the "Step" pyramid to be built on
D. why the "Step" pyramid had to be built on the west side of the Nile
B
In 1996 John Jones made an unusual discovery. He had just enlarged (扩大) a piece of paper money for a friend—a Confederate bank note, money issued (发行) by banks in Southern States of America during the Civil War. When he was face to face with the picture, he couldn’t believe his eyes: slaves (奴隶) happily picking cotton in their master’s fields.
Jones grew up in South Carolina. He had heard painful stories of slavery from his great grandmother. The picture on the money did not match (匹配) the history of African American slaves that he’d heard all his life. “I had never seen that type of picture on money before,” he said.
Jones wondered why slaves looked so happy. He started doing research.
Searching for and finding the answers to his questions changed his life. During two years’ search, Jones found more than 120 different bills. He discovered that the bills had several things in common. They showed slaves working in jobs related to farming. Many of them showed healthy and smiling slaves at work. None of the bills showed the hardships of slavery.
Jones wanted to share what he had learned. “I wanted other people to see what I had seen,” he said. He decided to make large paintings of the pictures on the money. After three years of work, Jones had painted more than 80 slavery scenes (场景).He paired each painting with the money on which the picture appeared. “The Color of Money”—an exhibit (展览) of his work—has toured the country.
Jones' paintings tell an important story about the South 150 years ago. He likes to repeat the saying. “The story is on the money.” In this case, the saying happens to be true.
5. How did Jones feel when he saw the picture on the money?21·cn·jy·com
A. Angry. B. Painful.
C. Excited. D. Surprised.
6. Why did Jones do research on the money?
A. He had never heard of Confederate money.
B. He wanted to learn about American history through it.
C. It showed slaves quite different from those in his mind.
D. His great-grandmother told him some unusual stories about it.
7. What did Jones find?
A. About 120 different bills were issued during the Civil War.
B. The difficulty of slaves was never shown on the bills.
C. Slaves lived a harder life than he thought.
D. Slaves worked long hours on farms.
8. What’s the best title for the text?
A. Confederate Money. B. Money Tells a Story.21*cnjy*com
C. African American Slaves. D. John Jones Changes America.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a saying goes, he who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. The Great Wall in China 1 (impress) everyone who sees for the first time 2 the general tourists to scholars. The vastness of the structure helps children grasp the great 3 (achieve) in human history and can help inspire them 4 (learn) more about human success over one thousand years. 5 (construct) over a period of 2,000 years, the stone solider
6 (actual) consists of many great walls, some of 7 date back to the fifth century B.C. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, 8 (order) these earlier long wall sections linked and extended with watchtowers to protect the new empire from northern tribes. Succeeding emperors and dynasties continued the construction. 9 (spread) westward into the Gobi desert to guard 10 Silk Road. All together, the walls may have stretched more than 30,000 miles.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/)，并在其下面写出该加的词；
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉；
修改：在错词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I have been in China for 3year．My friends in American sometimes write to me，asking me how long I'll stay here，when I'm thinking of returning home．The answer of their questions is simply：I do not know when I will return home．At the moment，I have no reason to return back to America．I liked living in China．Beside，I enjoy meeting Chinese people and travel around the country．My work is very interested，and there are so many things I don't know about China that I hope to discover it in the future．
1.（2015?江苏）Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _____ to their greatest
potential.
A. accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop
2.（2015?湖南）________ the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is
worth it.
A. If only B. After
C．Although D．In case
K基础
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Radioactive 2．deleted 3．dizzy 4．applauded 5．accelerate
6．arrested 7．significance 8．relief 9．Somehow 10．identified
Ⅱ. 选词填空
1．come up 2.enough to 3.was worried about 4.pull out
5.look ahead 6.believe in 7.in good condition 8.with relief
9.now and then 10.If only
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. If only we had come 2. that dates back to/dating back to
3. when the telephone rang 4. only to find the road had been blocked
5. visiting our school yesterday 6. am fed up with
7. Having finished his homework 8. of great significance
K能力
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了埃及的金字塔能保存长久的原因及其中被称为Step的金字塔建立在尼罗河西侧的原因。
3. C【解析】细节理解题。由文章第三段“It could not be too far from the Nile, however, as the stones to build it needed to be carried in boats down the river to the nearest point. Water transport was, of course, much easier than land transport. ”可知, 古埃及人在尼罗河岸建造金字塔主要是因为水路运输建筑材料的便利。故选C。
4. D【解析】主旨大意题。文章最后一段叙述的是：为什么“步”金字塔被建在Nile的西边？故选D。
B
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文，主要介绍了一名美国艺术家展出80余幅绘画作品让人们了解美国南部奴隶的真实生活状况。
5. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的When he was face to face with the picture, he couldn’t believe his eyes 和第二段中的I had never seen that type of picture on money before可知，当Jones看到南部联盟纸币上的 图片时，觉得很不可思议。故选D。
6. C【解析】推理判断题。根据前三段内容可知，南部联盟纸币上的图片显示奴隶快乐地在田间采摘棉花， 这与Jones听到的有关奴隶的痛苦生活不相符，因此他决定一探究竟。故选C。
8. B【解析】标题归纳题。Jones发现一张纸币上的图片展示的奴隶生活和他听说的有很大出入开始研究， 经过深入调查发现纸币上的图片都不能反映当时奴隶的真实状况。他花费三年的时间画了80余幅作品 告知人们关于奴隶的真实故事。最后一段中的The story is on the money点出文章的主旨。故B项做标 题贴切。2-1-c-n-j-y
Ⅱ. 语法填空
【语篇解读】文章讲述了世界奇迹长城的起源、建设过程和深远影响。
1. impresses 考查动词。此处指长城给每个第一次看到它的人深刻印象，与主语一致用第三人称单数， 故填impresses.【出处：21教育名师】
2. from 考查介词。此处表示从普通游客到学者，from…to…“从……到……”，故填from.
3. achievements 考查名词。此处由great修饰用名词，指伟大的成就。故填achievements.
4. to learn 考查动词不定式。inspire sb.to do sth.激发某人做某事，inspire后用不定式，故填to learn.
5. Constructed 考查过去分词。句中主语the stone和动词construct是被动关系用过去分词，指被建造。 此处是过去分词作状语，故填Constructed.
6. actually 考查副词。此处修饰动词consist用副词，指实际组成，故填actually.
7. which 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是walls指物，放在介词of后用关系代词which， 故填which.
8. ordered 考查动词时态。根据The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang,可知是叙述秦始皇时期的事，指 秦始皇命令把各段长城连接起来，用一般过去时。故填ordered.
9. spreading 考查动词形式。此处指随后的皇帝和朝代继续建设长城，使它向西延伸到戈壁沙漠。此处是 现在分词作宾补，补充说明the construction.故填spreading.
10. the 考查冠词。此处表示特指丝绸之路the Silk Road，用定冠词the表特指，故填the.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
I have been in China for 3?．My friends in??sometimes write to me，asking me how long I'll stay here，when I'm thinking of returning home．The answer of their questions is?：I do not know when I will return home．At the moment，I have no reason to return?back?to America．I??living in China．，I enjoy meeting Chinese people and??around the country．My work is very?，and there are so many things I don't know about China that I hope to discover??in the future．21教育网
第一处：3修饰可数名词复数，故year改为years。
第二处：in America表示“在美国”，故American改为America。
第八处：此处与meeting并列作enjoy的宾语，故travel改为traveling。
第九处：ed结尾的形容词修饰人，ing结尾的形容词修饰物，故interested改为interesting。
第十处：此处指代前面的things作discover的宾语，故it改为them。
K真题
1. D【解析】句意：学校应该是鼓励个体最大限度地发展潜能的地方。A项“加速，加快”；B项“改善，
提高”；C项“表现”；D项“发展”。故选D项。
2. C【解析】考查状语从句。句意：尽管这项工作需要占用大量的时间，但是大部分学生还是认为(从工作 中获得的)这些经验还是值得的。根据句意可知，主从句构成让步关系。故选C。
Unit5 Meeting your ancestors
5.3 Grammar & Writing
Grammar: 复习动词时态
1. 一般现在时
（1）一般现在时可以表示习惯性动作，即不断重复发生的动作。常和副词 usually，often，always, sometimes, regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week 等连用。
?He’s working．He always works at night．他在工作。他常常在晚上工作。
（2）一般现在时可用以陈述永恒的真理。
?Summer follows spring．春去夏来。
（3）一般现在时可用以陈述现在时段发生或存在的事件、动作或状况。这些事件、动作或情境说不定会无 限期地持续下去。
?My sister wears glasses．我妹妹戴眼镜。
（4）一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，常用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安 排的事情。这类动词有：be, go, come, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave 等。
?The train leaves at 7?00 p．m．．火车在下午7点离开。
（5）在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
?Whenever it rains the roof leaks．只要下雨屋顶就漏水。
（6）一般现在时可用于戏剧性的叙述。在描述戏剧、歌剧等中的动作时极为有用。也常用于电台评论员、 解说员对运动项目、公共集会等的报道中。21教育名师原创作品
?When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing at her desk．Suddenly, the window opens and a masked man enters．
幕启时，朱丽叶正坐在桌旁写字。忽然，窗户开了，一个戴面罩的人走进来。
2. 一般过去时
（1）一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或状况，常与表示确切过去时间的词、 短语或从句连用。
?When did you meet him?你是什么时候见到他的？
?Sam phoned me a moment ago．萨姆刚才给我打过电话。
（2）一般过去时可以表示过去的习惯性动作。
?They never drank wine．他们从来不喝白酒。
?I smoked forty cigarettes a day till I gave up．我戒烟前每天要抽40支烟。
（3）一般过去时可以表示刚刚发生过的事情，而不必说明时间。
?Who left the door open?谁没关门？
?Did the telephone ring?刚才电话铃响了吗？
3. 一般将来时
（1）shall/will＋v．主要表示事先未曾考虑过的某种意图或打算，即说话时刻临时想到做什么事。
?—I’m sorry that I forgot to bring my pen with me．抱歉，我忘记带钢笔了。
—I’ll lend mine to you if you need it．如果你需要的话，我把我的笔借给你。
（2）be going to＋v．在口语中广泛使用，主要表示准备做或将发生的事情。这种打算往往经过事先考虑， 甚至已做了某种准备。
?I’m going to meet Tom at the station at six．我打算6点钟到车站接汤姆。
（3）be to＋v．表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。
?We must go if we are to take the nine o’clock train．如果我们一定要乘坐9：00的火车，我们必须走了。
（4）be about to＋v．表示即将发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语。
?A new book is about to be brought out． 一本新书即将出版。
（5）be due to＋v．表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。
?We are due to leave tomorrow．我们定于明天动身。
4. 现在进行时
（1）现在进行时表示说话时刻正在进行的动作或事件。
?I am not wearing a coat as it isn’t cold．天气不冷，我没穿外衣。
（2）现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况，或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。
?—What’s your daughter doing these days? 你女儿现在在干什么？
—She’s studying English at Shandong University．她在山东大学学英语。
（3）现在进行时可以表示暂时发生的事情。
?The river is flowing very fast after last night’s rain．昨夜下过雨之后，河水流速很快。
（4）现在进行时可以表示当前的动向。
?People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days．如今人们对于吸烟较为难以容忍了。
（5）现在进行时可以表示为将来安排好的活动或时间。表示趋向行为的动词(come, go, start, begin, leave等 词)常用进行时表示将来时。
?The Smiths are moving to America next year．史密斯一家明年将搬到美国。
（6）现在进行时可以表示重复性动作。副词always, constantly, forever, repeatedly, all the time等可以与进行 时连用，表示不断重复的动作。此外，还具有“赞叹、赞许、表扬、抱怨、 厌恶等感彩。
?She is constantly changing her mind．她经常改变主意。
5. 过去进行时
（1）过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一阶段正在发生的动作。
?When I arrived, Tom was talking on the phone．我到达时，汤姆正在打电话。
（2）表示过去计划、安排好的将要发生的动作。
?He was busy packing，for he was leaving that night．
他那时正忙着打点行李，因为那天晚上他就要走了。
（3）表示逐渐的发展，通常不与时间状语连用。
?It was getting darker．天越来越黑了。
（4）表示重复性的动作。
?When he worked here, Roger was always making mistakes．21·cn·jy·com
罗杰在这儿工作时老出差错。
（6）在描述性的段落中常使用过去进行时态，描述故事发生的背景。
?The wind was blowing and it was raining hard．
风在刮，大雨倾盆而下。
6．将来进行时
（1）将来进行时通常和某一时刻连用，表示一个动作在该时刻之前开始并且很可能在该时刻之后仍然继续。
?Now they are sitting in their classroom．They are listening to a tape．This time tomorrow they will be sitting in the cinema．They will be watching a film．
现在他们正坐在教室里。他们在听录音。明天这个时候他们将会坐在电影院里看电影。
（2）将来进行时用来表示不含意图又未发生的动作。
?I will be seeing Tom tomorrow．明天我要和汤姆见面。
7．现在完成时
（1）表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作。
?I have(only)just seen John．我刚才见到约翰了。
（2）表示在更早一点的过去发生的动作，它和现在的时间的联系仍然保持着，即该动作有可能现在仍 在重复。
?John Smith has written a number of short stories．
约翰·史密斯已经写了许多短篇小说。(意指他仍活着并可能写更多的小说。)
（3）表示反复性和习惯性的动作，常常和表示频率的副词连用。
?I’ve watched him on TV several times．我在电视里看到他好几次了。21*cnjy*com
（4）在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以替代将来完成时。
?I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it．我一写完这封信就寄出去。
8．过去完成时
（1）表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况。
?I had just poured myself a glass of beer when the phone rang．When I came back from answering it the glass was empty．Somebody had drunk the beer or thrown it away．
我刚刚给自己倒了一杯啤酒，电话铃就响了。我接电话回来时，啤酒杯空了。一定有人喝掉了啤酒或者把它泼掉了。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
（2）动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预 期、意图或愿望等没有实现。注意：表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式还可以采用：
①was/were＋to have done sth．
?We were to have been married in May．我们本定于五月结婚。
②intended (expected, hoped, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired)＋to have done sth．2-1-c-n-j-y
?They meant to have seen us off at the station, but they couldn’t get there in time．
他们原打算来车站为我们送行，但是他们没有及时到达。
（3）过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：
①hardly, scarcely, barely＋过去完成时＋when＋过去时。
?Hardly had we begun our walk when it began to rain．我们刚一举步就下起雨来了。
②no sooner＋过去完成时＋than＋过去时。
?No sooner had he arrived than it began to snow．他一到，天就下起雪来了。
9．将来完成时
（1）将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作。
?By the end of next month he will have been here for ten years．到下月底，他在这儿就够十年了。
（2）表示一种猜测。
?We’d better wait till 14 December．David will have had his exam by then, so he’ll be able to enjoy himself．
我们最好还是等到12月14日。到那时大卫就考完试了，这样他就能够玩得痛快。
10．完成进行时
（1）现在完成进行时表示一个过去开始、现仍在继续中的动作或一个过去开始、现在刚刚结束的动作。
?I’ve been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up．我等了一小时了，可他还没来。
（2）过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。
?It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places．
倾盆大雨连续下了一个多星期，许多地方发生了山体滑坡。
（3）将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。
?By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years．
到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。
1.（2017·北京）In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones
_______yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
2.（2017·北京）People ______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.
A. will have B. have
C. had D. had had
3.（2017·江苏）He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______.
A. was being followed B. was following
C. had been followed D. followed
4.（2016·北京）Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A. works B. has worked
C. was working D. would work
5.（2016·北京）I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A. read B. have read
C. am reading D. will read
6. （2016·江苏）More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
A. are made B. will be made
C. are being made D. have been made
7. （2016·天津）When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I _____ for years.
A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen
C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see
8. （2016·浙江）Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A. had become B. was becoming
C. has become D.is becoming
9. （2015·北京）In the last few years, China ___ great achievements in environmental protection.
A. has made B. had made
C. was making D.is making
10. （2015·北京）—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I _______ him later.
A. will call B. have called
C. call D will be calling
11. （2015·重庆）—Is Peter coming?
—No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
A. changes B. changed
C. was changing D. had changed
12. （2015·浙江）Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
A. has been B. had been
C. was going to be D. was
Ⅰ. 单句改错
1．I like these poems and they are read many times by my Chinese teacher．
_________________________________________________
2．Stop making the noise．A news report has been broadcast and I want to listen．
_________________________________________________
3．The moment I got to the station，I found the train left．
_________________________________________________
4．I know nothing about him．I didn’t see him since we graduated from college．
_________________________________________________
5．Sorry，no tea or coffee is serving in our restaurant．
_________________________________________________
6．Will these flowers water in a few minutes?
_________________________________________________
7．The old machine has been repaired at the moment, so we can’t use it now．
_________________________________________________
8．No decision will make until our manager comes back．
_________________________________________________
9．You have worked in front of the computer too long．You must take a break now．
_________________________________________________
10．I arrived late．I didn’t expect the traffic was so heavy．
_________________________________________________
Ⅱ．用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. You know, I ________ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.
2. My sister ________ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year.
3. The little boy is dirty all over because he ________ (play) in the mud all the morning.
4. I ________ (wonder) if you were free this afternoon.21cnjy.com
5. Here he is! We ________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night.
6. Tom's hands are very dirty. He ________ (repair) the car all the afternoon.
7. —I have got a headache.
—No wonder. You ________ (work) in front of that computer too long.
8. —Have you finished reading the book I lent to you?
—No, I ________ (read) it all the week.
9. —That's the third time he's won the award in this field.
—Yes. He ________ (explore) his maximum potential in the past decade.
10. I ________ (consider) changing my job, but I haven't decided.
Ⅲ.用适当的时态完成句子
1．自从上周以来一直下雨。
It ________ ________ ________ since last week．
2．我累坏了。我一直工作了一下午了。
I am tired out．I ________ ________ ________ the whole afternoon．
3．他已写了一部小说。
He ________ ________ a novel．
4．你最近见过他吗？
________ ________ ________ him recently?
5．他们结婚将近15年了。
They ________ ________ ________ for almost 15 years．
6．她已经睡了六个小时了，到现在还叫不醒。
She ________________ for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.
7．烟草行业一直在试图改善其形象。
The tobacco industry __________________ to improve its image.www.21-cn-jy.com
8．据我们了解你一直欺骗公司。
It has come to our knowledge that you __________________ the company.
9．一星期以来吉姆每天晚上给詹妮打电话。
Jim ____________________ Jenny every night for the past week.
10．你到哪里去了？我们到处在找你。
Where ____________________？ We ______________________ everywhere.
K真题
3. A【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在
匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往
家赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。
4. C【解析】句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知，这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情， 断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选C。21·世纪*教育网
5. B【解析】句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末会尽力把另一半看完。发生在过去的动作对现在产 生影响，用现在完成时。“看小说”这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用完成时，故选B。
8. A【解析】句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时间状语是by+ 过去时间，谓语用过去完成时。故选A。
9. A【解析】句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years 可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选A。
10. A【解析】句意：——Dr. Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的 是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。www-2-1-cnjy-com
11. B【解析】 句意：彼得来了吗？没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据at the last minute在最后 一秒可能发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
12. C【解析】句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理 论将会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有C选项符合。
K好题
Ⅰ. 单句改错
1．are read→have been read 2．has been broadcast →is being broadcast
3．left→had left 4．didn’t see→haven’t seen
5．serving→served 6．water→be watered
7．has been→is being 8．make→be made
9．have worked →have been working 10．didn’t expect→hadn’t expected
Ⅱ．用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. have been looking 根据语境“这是我第一次正式面试”及时间状语for three months可知，该处用现在 完成进行时。21教育网
2. stayed 根据句中时间状语last year可知，应用一般过去时。
3. has been playing 结合语境和时间状语all the morning可知，谓语用现在完成进行时。
7. have been working 句意：——我头疼。——难怪，你在电脑前工作的时间太长了。结合语境及时间状语 too long可知，应用现在完成进行时。21*cnjy*com
8. have been reading 从答语“No”可知，我还没有读完。这一周我一直在读，所以用现在完成进行时，故 填have been reading。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
9. has been exploring 句意：——这是他第三次在这个领域获得这个奖项了。——是的。在过去的十年里他 一直在挖掘他最大的潜能。由句中时间状语in the past decade可知应用现在完成进行 时。故填has been exploring。
10. have been considering 由“but I haven't decided”可知“考虑”这一动作从过去一直持续到现在，还有可 能持续下去，所以用现在完成进行时。
Ⅱ．用适当的时态完成句子
1．has been raining 2．have been working 3．has written
4．Have you met 5．have been married 6．has been sleeping
7.has been trying 8.have been cheating 9.has been phoning
10.have you been; have been looking for you
Writing：如何描述事物
本单元的写作任务是对某物进行介绍，说明其外形、颜色、形状、用途等。在说的基础上落笔成文，这就是一种描写文。描写文(Description)是使叙述形象化的一种写作方法，就描写对象而言，描写可分为人物描写、景物描写、场面描写等；就描写的方式而言，描写可分为主观描写和客观描写。
所谓主观描写，就是在描述人或事物的特征或特性时，也可把自己对此人或此事的看法表现出来，从而激发读者的感情。客观描写是就事论事，是一种真实的报道，目的在于告诉不能亲眼看见描写对象的读者景物的真实情况。
描写文的写法多种多样，可以先从具体描写某一事物开始，然后再泛写与之相关的其他事物。也可以先写不重要的事物，最后重点突出所要描写的事物。也可以按照事物所处的空间顺序，如前后左右等，来描述事物。要灵活运用各种修辞方法，根据需要恰当地运用比喻、拟人、夸张等修辞手法，使描述更生动、形象，更好地说明问题。
写描写文应注意以下几个方面：
1．明确描写目的，描写只起修饰作用。
2．要抓住人或事的特点。
3．要充分发挥联想的能力，并采用一些比喻、拟人等修辞描写手段，从多方面表现事物的特征，唤起读者
的想象。
Thought to be the world’s oldest..., it has been discovered...
It could be the first evidence of...
It dates back to at least...
Further evidence that...came with the discovery of...
The first sign of civilization in...dates back to around...
It means that...
It is generally considered/thought...
The mystery of...remains unknown/uncertain...
It is well preserved...
请根据以下提示，写一篇介绍“大克鼎”的英语短文。
1．大克鼎于1890年出土于陕西省扶风县，可追溯到西周后期，现收
藏于上海博物馆。
2．大克鼎由青铜铸造，高93.1厘米，重201.5千克。口沿(mouth rim)装饰有兽面纹(animal mask motif)，腹
部装饰有流畅的波曲纹，内壁刻有290个字。
3．在古代，鼎是社会地位和权力的象征，也用于烹饪和祭祀。大克鼎一直被认为是研究西周经济和文化的
重要物品。
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【审题谋篇】
1.确定体裁、时态、人称。
(1)体裁：描述考古发现属于说明文。写作时要确切把握好介绍的对象——大克鼎，抓住其主要特征进行描
述；同时语言要通俗简洁、实事求是。
(2)时态：以一般现在时为主。
(3)人称：第三人称。
2．篇章结构：分三段：
第一段：介绍大克鼎出土的时间、地点及其形成的历史年代。
第二段：具体介绍大克鼎的外形。
第三段：介绍鼎的作用。
【遣词造句】
1. 词汇
①出土__________________________
②追溯__________________________
③由……制造__________________________
④流畅的波曲纹__________________________
⑤社会地位__________________________
⑥被看做__________________________
2．句式：一句多译。
①大克鼎于1890年出土于陕西省扶风县，可追溯到西周后期。
Da Keding，___________________________________，was unearthed in Fufeng County，Shaanxi Province in 1890.21世纪教育网版权所有
Da Keding，____________________________________，was unearthed in Fufeng County，Shaanxi Province in 1890.2·1·c·n·j·y
②大克鼎为青铜器，高93.1厘米，重201.5千克。
Da Keding，_______________________________， is 93.1 cm high and weighs 201.5 kg.
___________________，Da Keding is 93.1 cm high and weighs 201.5 kg.
③在古代，鼎是社会地位和权力的象征，也用于烹饪和祭祀。
In ancient times，Ding was used to symbolize social status and power of the owner.__________________，it was used for cooking and sacrificial ceremonies.
In ancient times，Ding was _______________ used to symbolize social status and power of the owner______________ used for cooking and sacrificial ceremonies.
【答案】
①which dates from the late Western Zhou Dynasty；dating from the late Western Zhou Dynasty；
②which was made of bronze；Made of bronze
③In addition；not only；but also
【参考范文】
Da Keding
Da Keding，which dates from the late Western Zhou Dynasty，was unearthed in Fufeng County，Shaanxi Province in 1890.It is now preserved in Shanghai Museum【出处：21教育名师】
Made of bronze，Da Keding is 93.1 cm high and weighs 201.5 kg.Its mouth rim is decorated with animal mask motif and its belly with smooth wave-like patterns.Besides,290 characters are neatly carved on the inner wall.【版权所有：21教育】
In ancient times，Ding was not only used to symbolize social status and power of the owner but also used for cooking and sacrificial ceremonies.Therefore，it has been regarded as an important object to study the economic system and culture during the Western Zhou Dynasty.
