Unit4 Pygmalion
4.1 Warming Up & Pre-reading &
Reading & Comprehending
重点
单词
1. ___________(n．)情节；阴谋
2. ___________(vi．)吹口哨；发出汽笛声；(n．)口哨声； 汽笛声
3. ___________(n．)皮夹； 钱包
4. ___________(adj．)光辉灿烂的；杰出的；才华横溢的
5. ___________(vt．)把……分类；把……归类
6.___________(n)谈论；言论；评述(vt．& vi)谈论；评论；说起
7. ___________(vt．)谴责；使……注定
8. ___________(n．)身份；地位；职位
9. adapt (vt．)改编；使适应
→___________ (n．)适应(性)；改编本
10. wool (n．)毛线；绒线
→___________ (adj．) 毛纺的；纯毛的
11. uncomfortable (adj．) 不舒服的；不安的；不自在的
→___________ (adv．)不舒服地；不自在地
12. hesitate (vi．) 犹豫；踌躇
→___________(n．)踌躇
13. trouble (n．)麻烦
→___________ (adj．)带来麻烦的；使人心烦的
14. proper (adj．)适当的；恰当的
→___________ (adv．)适当地；恰当地
15. mistake (n．) 错误
→___________ (adj．)(见解或判断上)错误的；不正确的
重要
短语
1．generally speaking
2．in terms of
3．make one’s acquaintance
4．rob sb. of sth.
5．a handful of
6．伪装；假扮
7．(把某人)改变或冒充成……
8．震惊；惊讶
9．避雨
10．要是……会怎么样呢
关键句型
1． , he makes notes.
他一边观察，一边做记录。
2．But they betray themselves .
但是每次他们一张嘴就会露出马脚。
3． I was?
如果我是又怎么样呢？
【答案】
重点单词
1. plot 2. whistle 3. wallet 4. brilliant 5. classify 6. remark21*cnjy*com
7. condemn 8. status 9. adaptation 10. woolen 11. uncomfortably
12. hesitation 13. troublesome 14. properly 15. mistaken【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
重要短语
1. 一般来说 2. 就……来说 3. 结识；与……相见
4. 抢劫某人某物 5. 一把 6. in disguise 7. pass...off as...
8. in amazement 9. shelter from the rain 10. what if...
关键句型
1. While watching
2. every time they open their mouths
3. What if
之重点单词
1. adaptation n．[C]改编(本)；[U]适应(性)
?The TV play is an adaptation of a novel．
这部电视剧是由一部小说改编的。
?Your adaptation to new surroundings is amazing．
你对新环境的适应真是令人惊奇。
【知识拓展】
make an adaptation to 适应……
adapt v．(使)适应；(使)适合vt．改编，修改
adapt (oneself) to...适应……
adapt...for 为……改编
adapt sth．into...把……改编成……
adapt sth．from...由……改编……
?This novel has been adapted for radio．
这部小说已被改编成无线电广播节目。
?Successful businesses are highly adaptable to economic change．
成功的企业对于经济转变的适应能力很强。
【易混辨析】adapt/adopt
adapt
v．(使)适应；(使)适合；改编；修改
adopt
vt．采用；采纳；收集
?He found it hard to adapt his way of life to the firm．
他发现他的生活方式很难适应公司(的要求)。
?The manager adopted my idea．经理采纳了我的意见。
【跟踪典例】
(1)完成句子
①The vice headmaster________ ________/________ ________ ________ ________(适应)the new circumstances
with the help of the local residents．
②Luckily，the adventurer Charlse from Italy has________ ________ ________(使自己适应)the new conditions．
(2)用adopt或adapt完成下列句子
①All his suggestions have been ________．
②The number of the ________ children (领养的孩子)has risen in the past year．
③This TV series is ________ from one of Lao She’s famous novels．21*cnjy*com
2. grant v．同意，准许，允许；承认
?The bank finally granted a ￡400 loan to me．/The bank finally granted me a ￡400 loan．
银行终于同意给我贷款400英镑。
?Are you ready to grant that I was right？
你是否愿意承认我是对的？
【知识拓展】
take it for granted(that...) 认为……是理所当然
take sb．/sth．for granted(因习以为常)对……不予重视；
(因视为当然而)不把……当回事
?I take it for granted(that)you have read this book．
我认为你一定读过这本书。
?He never praises his wife： he just takes her for granted．
他从不夸妻子，只是觉得她做的一切理当如此。
【跟踪典例】
用恰当词语填空
I just took ________ for granted that he’d always be around．【出处：21教育名师】
【答案】it 句意：我还想当然地以为他总能随叫随到呢。take it for granted(that...)表示“认为……是理所当然的”。
3. hesitate vi．犹豫；踌躇
做某事犹豫不决
?Don’t hesitate to contact me if you need more information.21教育名师原创作品
如果你需要更多资料，尽管和我联系。
?He was still hesitating about whether to leave or not.
他还在犹豫是否离开。
【知识拓展】
hesitation n．犹豫；踌躇
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事
?Without any hesitation，he jumped into the river to save the
drowning child．他毫不犹豫地跳下河去救溺水的孩子。
【跟踪典例】
(1)完成句子
①他毫不犹豫地接受了邀请。
He accepted the invitation ________ ________．(hesitate)
②对于买新车一事，你还在犹豫不决吗？
Do you still ________ ________ ________ a new car？(buy)
(2)补全句子
我们将为你服务。如果你有其他问题，尽管来找我们好了。
We are at your service．Don’t________ ________ ________ ________ ________if you have any further
problems．
（3）We are at your service. Don’t _______ to turn to us if you have any further problems.
A. beg B. hesitate C. desire D. seek
4. mistaken adj．(见解或判断上)错误的；不正确的
?If I’m not mistaken，that’s the man we saw on the bus．
要是我没认错人的话，我们在公共汽车上看见的就是那个男子。
【知识拓展】
be mistaken about...对……持错误的见解
mistake...for...把……错认为……
mistake sb．/sth．误解/误会某人/某事
mistake n．错误
by mistake 错误地
?He is mistaken about happiness．他对幸福持有错误的见解。
?This time we find that the bees mistake red for dark grey or black．
这时我们发现，蜜蜂错把红色当成深灰色或黑色。
?I hope you will forgive me for opening your letter by mistake．
我误拆了您的信，期望您原谅。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①To some extent，you________ ________ ________(误会)him．
②Deep in thought，I got on the train________ ________(错误地)．
③在过去人们把信仰错认为科学。
In the old days people ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
5. classify vt．编排；分类；归类
classify...as...把……归类为……
classify...into/in...把……分为……
classify...by/according to根据……将……分类
?The books in the library are classified by subject．
图书馆的书是按科目分类的。
?She is classified as one of the greatest actresses of our times.
她被认为是我们这个时代的最伟大的女演员之一。
?Librarians spend a lot of time classifying books into several parts.
图书馆工作人员花许多时间将书分类成几部分。
【知识拓展】
classified adj．分类的；归类的
classification n．[U]分类；分级；[C]类别；等级
【易混辨析】classify，sort，organize与arrange
这些动词均含“使有条理，安排”之意。
(1)classify指按照事物类型、质量或是否相似进行分类。
?We will classify these subjects under three topics．
我们将把这些问题分成三个主题。
(2)sort 通常指根据类型或种类分类或整理选择。
?I sorted the shoes into pairs．我把鞋一双双整理好。
(3)organize 指按计划或需要把人或物安排组织成一个整体。
?A search party was organized to look for the man trapped in the snow．
为了寻找在雪中被困的人，我们成立了一个搜索队。
(4)arrange 指按计划、秩序、需要和可能等进行安排。
?A special show was arranged to admit free the family members of the miners．
安排了一个专场来免费招待矿工家属。
【跟踪典例】
(1)用classify的适当形式填空
①People who work in libraries spend a lot of time ________ books．
②Only eleven of these accidents were ________ as major．
③The ________ of fish is extremely complicated．
④If you look in the ________ part of the telephone book you’ll find plenty of hotels．
(2)用恰当词语填空
Would you classify her novels ________ serious literature or as mere entertainment？
【答案】
（1）①classifying ②classified ③classification④classified
（2）as 句意：你认为她的小说属于文学类呢，还是属于通俗读物类？classify sb．/sth．as sth．表示“划分；界定”。
6. remark n．谈论；言论；评述
vt．& vi．谈论；评论；说起
make a remark/remarks on/about 就……发表意见；对……评头品足
make no remark 什么也不说；不加评论
remark that 评论……
remark on/upon 谈论/评论……
pass remarks about/at sb．议论某人
?She could hear the other girls making rude remarks about her.2·1·c·n·j·y
她可以听见其他女孩在说她的坏话。
?A local newspaper remarked that car accidents were on the decrease due to the forceful law．
一家地方报纸评论说由于强有力的法律措施，车祸在减少。
?Prof．Smith remarked on the difference between the two dictionaries．
史密斯教授谈到了这两本词典的不同之处。
【知识拓展】
remarkable adj．引人注目的；不寻常的；非凡的
?The writer，Mo Yan，got remarkable(remark) achievements in writing.
作家莫言在写作上取得了非凡的成绩。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①Please________ ________/________ ________ ________ ________(说一说/评论一下)“One World One
Dream”，the theme of the Beijing Olympics．
②You might engage in small talk and________ ________ /________ ________ ________ ________(谈谈，说一
说)the weather，your job or current events．
【答案】
①remark on/make a remark on ②remark about/make a remark about
7. betray vt．出卖；背叛；显露出(本来面目)
betray oneself露出本来面目；原形毕露
betray...to...把……出卖给……
betray one’s trust辜负某人的信
?In failing to return the money he betrayed our trust．
他未能归还那笔钱从而辜负了我们的信任。
?Quite a lot of people will betray themselves when tempted by money.
相当多的人面对金钱的诱惑便原形毕露。
?He betrayed the news to all his friends.
他向所有的朋友透露了这个消息。
【知识拓展】
betray one’s country to the enemy 卖国；做卖国贼
betray state secrets 泄露国家机密
betray a secret to sb．向某人泄露秘密
betray oneself 暴露本来面目；原形毕露
betrayal n．背叛；出卖
a betrayal of my principles 对我的原则的背弃行为
an act of betrayal 背叛的行为
注意：betray的用法和意思与give away相近。如：
?He gave away the state secrets to the enemy．他向敌人泄露了国家机密。
?His accent gave him away．他的口音把他暴露了。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①For years，the man has been ________ state secrets ________ (向……出卖)foreign countries．
②Quite a lot of greedy people will________ ________(原形毕露)when tempted by money．
③I don’t want to ________ ________ all my secrets(泄露)．(用give的相关词组)
【答案】
①betraying；to ②betray themselves ③give away
8. condemn vt．谴责，判刑，宣告……有罪（与to连用）?
迫使……接受（困境），使……注定
condemn sb．/sth．for/as sth．由于某事而谴责某人或某事
condemn sb.to(do) sth. 使某人注定(做)某事；迫使某人陷于不幸的境地；判处某人……
condemn sb.to death＝sentence sb.to death 判处某人死刑
?The editor of the newspaper was condemned as lacking integrity．
这家报纸的主编被指责为不够正直。
?The papers were quick to condemn him for his mistake.
报纸及时地指责出他的错误。
?As an old person，one is often condemned to live alone．
老年人常出于无奈而独自生活。
?The judge condemned the killer to death(die)．
法官宣判那位杀手死刑。
【知识拓展】
(1)condemnation n．定罪；谴责；指责
conditional condemnation 缓刑
social condemnation 社会谴责
(2)condemnable adj．该罚的；接受责备的
condemned adj．已被定罪的；已被定罪者使用的；受谴责的
【名师点津】
condemn sb.to...既可以表示“使某人处于困境(或不愉快的状况)”，又可以表示“判处某人……”，其中to可作介词也可作不定式符号。
【易混辨析】condemn/scold/blame/accuse
这些动词均含有“责备，非难”之意。
(1)condemn正式用词，表示谴责，有较强的司法意味，侧重从道义或原则上的谴责。
?We condemn cruelty and cruel people．我们谴责残忍行为和残忍的人。
(2)scold普通用词，多指上级对下级、长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言词激烈的数落。
?Did you scold her for breaking it？她把那件东西打破了，你骂她了吗？
(3)blame普通用词，语气较弱，仅是一般的责难、归咎于，不含用语言责骂之意。
?She blamed him for the failure of their marriage/blamed the failure of their marriage on him．21世纪教育网版权所有
她把婚姻的触礁归咎于他。
(4)accuse语气比blame强，本义为归罪，可用作指非难或谴责之意。
?Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes．
人类常把自己的不幸归咎于天。
【跟踪典例】
(1)完成句子
①The criminal ________ ________ ________ ________ (被判处死刑)．
②His illness ________ ________ ________ ______ ________ ________(使他卧床) all the time．
(2)用恰当形式填空
He was condemned________(spend) the rest of the football season on the bench．
9. acquaintance n．相识；熟人；了解
make one’s acquaintance结识；与……相识
＝make the acquaintance of sb．
have some acquaintance with熟悉/了解……
have a little acquaintance with sb．/sth．稍微了解……
have no acquaintance with不熟悉/了解……
?I’ve been looking forward to making the acquaintance of her for a long time.
我很久以来一直盼望着与她相识。
?I have some acquaintance with French，but I do not know it well.
我懂得一点法语，但不精通。
?My father has a nodding acquaintance with the professor.
我父亲与这位教授有点头之交。
?I had little acquaintance with modern poetry．我对现代诗所知甚少。
【特别提示】
acquaintance用作不可数名词，表“熟悉，认识”，有时在其前加不定冠词，表某种程度的熟悉与了解，与with连用；用作可数名词时，表“熟悉的人”。
【知识拓展】
acquaint vt．使熟悉；了解
acquaint sb．with 使某人了解
be acquainted with＝be familiar with对……熟悉
?He quickly acquainted himself with the facts of the case．
他很快熟悉了案情。
【跟踪典例】
(1)完成句子
①我懂一点儿俄语。
I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________．
②请把这件事的情况告诉我。
Please ________ me with the facts ________ the case．
(2)用恰当词语填空
We have been acquainted ________ each other for a long time．
10. superior adj．优秀的；较高的；上级的 n．上级；长官
?This handbag is made of superior leather．这只手提包由上等皮革制成。
?Johnson is superior to Mr. Wang in mathematics.
约翰逊的数学比王先生好。
?He always does what his superiors tell him.
他唯上级之命是从。
【特别提示】
superior作为暗含比较级的形容词，意为“较高级的、较好的、较为优秀的”，因此不能在前面再加more。在与另一个事物进行比较时，与之搭配的介词要用to，不能用than。
【知识拓展】
be superior to...比……优越(更好、强)
be inferior to...低于；不如……；在……之下
be senior to...比……年长(资深)
be junior to...比……年轻(资浅)
?Nobody wants you to be superior to them．
没有人愿意你超出他们。
?He is senior to me．他比我年长。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①This model is technically________ ________(优于)its competitors．www.21-cn-jy.com
②There are some people________ ________ ________(级别比我低)．【版权所有：21教育】
【答案】①superior to ②junior to me
之重点短语
1. bring sb．/sth．to life 使更有趣；使更生动
?The new teacher really brought French to life for us．2-1-c-n-j-y
新来的老师给我们把法语教得生动活泼。
?Flowers can bring a dull room back to life．
鲜花可使沉闷的房间恢复生气。
【知识拓展】
come to life 变得活跃；动起来；醒过来
come around/round 恢复知觉；苏醒
come to oneself/one’s senses 苏醒
【跟踪典例】
①补全句子
我们邀请特德吧——有他到就会热闹起来。
Let’s invite Ted—he knows how to ________ a party to ________．
②用恰当词语或形式填空
He was down at the mouth all evening，but as soon as his girl friend came in he came________life．
【答案】①bring；life 句意：bring sb．/sth．to life表示“使更有趣； 使更生动”。
②to 句意：他一晚上都垂头丧气，但他的女朋友一来，他就活跃起来了。come to life 表示“变得更有趣(或
使人兴奋)；变得活跃”。
2. take...for...把……看作；误认为……
?I won’t tell her the secret—what do you take me for？
我不会把这秘密告诉她的——你把我当什么人了？
?Even the expert took the painting for a genuine of Van Gogh．
连专家都误认为这幅画是梵·高的真迹。
【知识拓展】
take...to be/as 把……看作；误认为……
mistake...for...误将……认作……
?They just take me as a child．
他们把我当作一个孩子对待。
【跟踪典例】
用恰当词语或形式填空
①I ________ (take)for a detective by the family next door．
②She took what he said________a compliment．
3. pass...off as...(把某人)改变或冒充成……
?He tried to pass himself off as a qualified doctor.
他冒充成有执业资格的医师。
?She passed herself off as an American to escape the fine.
为逃避罚款，她冒充是美国人。
【知识拓展】
pass away去世 pass by通过；经过；未影响
pass for/as(错误地)被看作 pass out昏过去；失去知觉
pass down(世代)相传 pass on转交；递给；传给
pass...on to...把……传递给…… pass over忽略；避免提及或考虑
pass up放弃；拒绝 pass through经过；路过
pass off进行到最后；(以某种方式)发生并完成
【跟踪典例】
填入适当的介副词
①He escaped by passing himself ________ as a guard．
②His mother passed ________ last year because of cancer．
③I passed ________ your house．
④The good tradition has been passed ________ from generation to generation．
⑤She passed ________ a difficult period after her marriage failed．
【答案】①off ②away ③by ④down ⑤through
4. in terms of 就……来说；从……角度
?In terms of money I'm quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.
金钱，我富有，幸福，我缺乏。
?Teachers think in terms of problems.
老师从问题的角度考虑。
?The job is great in terms of salary，but it has its disadvantages．
就薪金而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但它也有不利之处。
【知识拓展】
come to terms with 达成协议；和好；接受；适应
be on good/bad terms 关系良好/不好
in the long/short term就长远/短期而言
in one’s terms在某人看来
on equal terms 在平等的条件下
【名师点津】
其他由“in＋名词＋of”构成的短语：
in memory of为了纪念 in case of以防；万一
in charge of负责；管理 in face of面临；不顾
in favour of支持；有利于 in need of需要
in search of搜寻 in possession of占有，拥有
in honour of纪念，尊重 in view of鉴于，考虑到
in spite of尽管 in praise of赞扬
in place of代替 in fear of担心，害怕
【语境助记】
In terms of business，they are on good terms while in terms of friendship，they are on bad terms.www-2-1-cnjy-com
就生意方面来说，他们关系很好；然而从友谊角度来说，他们关系却不好。
【跟踪典例】
(1)完成句子
①就钱而论，他们很富有。
________ ________ ________ ________，they’re quite rich．
②他多年来一直与父亲关系不好。
He had been ________ ________ ________ ________ his father for years．
(2)补全句子
①It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated________ ________ ________(从……的角 度)overall quality．
②Learning is not always easy，but it is always beneficial________ ________ ________ ________(从长远的
角度看)．
③This project is________ ________ ________ ________(迫切需要)funding．
5. generally speaking一般来说
?Generally speaking，those who pay attention to physical exercise are in good health.
一般来说，那些注意体育锻炼的人身体健康状况良好。
【知识拓展】
(1)在某些结构中，如果主语和逻辑主语不一致，在非谓语动词前不带逻辑主语是因为其逻辑主语是泛指的 人称。类似结构除了generally speaking还有exactly speaking/strictly speaking/to be honest/to tell you the truth等。
?Judging from what you say，he ought to succeed．
从你的话看，他应当能成功。
?Taking everything into consideration，you should leave．
考虑到各种因素，你最好离开。
(2)当句子含有先行主语it或there时，有时作状语的分词短语可以与先行主语不一致。
?Having so little time，there was not much that I could do．
由于时间很少，我能做的事很有限。
?Being French，it’s surprising that she’s such a terrible cook．
她是法国人，做饭却做得那么糟，这真是令人感到惊讶。
(3)当分词已转化为介词或连词时，也无需考虑主语一致问题。
?Considering the distance，he arrived every quickly．
考虑到路程，他来的算是很快的。(considering为介词，意为“考虑到”)
?Supposing she doesn’t come，what shall we do？
假如她不来，我们怎么办？(supposing为连词，意为“假如”)
?Given their inexperience，they’ve done a good job．21·cn·jy·com
考虑到他们没有经验，这工作已做得很不错了。(given为介词，意为“考虑到”)
(4)当分词暗含的逻辑主语为表示泛指意义的one或you时，也无需考虑主语的一致性问题。
?In doing such work，patience is needed．
做这种工作需要耐心。(＝When one does such work，patience is needed．)
【跟踪典例】
补全句子
①________ ________(一般来说)，each university has its own special fields．
②________ ________ ________(说实话)，the pay isn’t attractive enough，though the job itself is quite interesting．
【答案】
①Generally speaking 句意为“一般来说，每所大学都有自己的专长”。generally speaking“一般来说”，故
C项符合题意。
②To be honest 句意：说实话，尽管这份工作很有意思，但是薪水并不够吸引人。to be honest“说实话”，
符合题意。
之重点句型
1. While watching, he makes notes.他一边观察，一边作记录。
此句为主从复合句，含有while引导的状语从句。While watching为状语从句的省略，其完整形式应为：While he is watching。
状语从句的省略的条件为：
（1）从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句主语为it。
（2）从句的谓语动词中含有be动词。
?When I was waiting for a bus, I met Mary.
＝When waiting for a bus, I met Mary.我在等车时，碰到了玛丽。21教育网
?I can discuss the matter with you now, if it is necessary.
＝I can discuss the matter with you now, if necessary.有必要的话，我现在就可以与你讨论这个问题。
【跟踪典例】
When_________ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
A. asking B. asked C. having asked D.to ask
【答案】B
2. Will that be of any use to you？这点儿钱对你有用吗？
of any use相当于useful，在句中作表语。“of＋名词”是一个常用结构，这种结构可在句中作表语、后置定语和补语。该结构的常见类型：
(1)be of＋表示“年龄(age)、大小(size)、颜色(color)、重量(weight)、高度(height)、价格(price)、意见(opinion)、
形状(shape)、种类(kind)和方法(way)等”的名词：这些名词没有相应的形容词形式，因此不能用“be＋形
容词”来代替“be＋of＋n．”，用在这些名词前的限定词常是a，an，the，the same，my，your等，of表
示“具有”，有时可省去。
?We are of the same age．我们同岁。
(2)be of＋抽象名词(value，importance，use，help等)；主要用于说明主语的性质。常用于名词前的修饰语有
great，little，some，any，no，not，much等。这一结构相当于“be＋抽象名词所对应的形容词”，of不能省。
?The advice are of great help/very helpful to them．这个建议对他们来说是很有帮助的。
【跟踪典例】
句型转换
①The book will be very valuable to students of history.
=The book will be _______ ________ ________ to students of history.
这本书对学历史的学生将很有用。
②The two rooms are the same in size.
=The two rooms are ________ _______ ________ _______.
这两个房间大小一样。
③The Nobel Prize is very important to Chinese literature.
=The Nobel Prize is _________ ________ __________ to Chinese literature.
这项诺贝尔奖对中国的文学很重要。
【答案】①of great value ②of the same size ③of great importance
3. What if I was？如果我是又怎样呢？
what if...意为“如果……将会怎样”，相当于what would happen if...
?What if your plan fails？如果你的计划失败，该怎么办呢？
?What if she finds out that you have lost her book？
倘使她发现你弄丢了她的书，怎么办？
?What if you join us for lunch？跟我们一起吃午饭怎么样！
注意：若表示的是将来的情况，what if后的句子常用一般现在时。
?What if we fail in this exam？
要是我们在这次的考试中没及格怎么办？
【知识拓展】
①what意为“什么”，用在口语中，表示没听见或没听懂；意为
“要什么”时表示听到对方的话并询问要什么；表示惊讶或愤怒
时，意为“竟有这种事，真的吗”。
?—I asked her to marry me．我向她求婚了。
—You what？你说什么？
②if only“要是……就好了”，引导感叹句，要用虚拟语气。
?If only I had taken his advice．要是我听从他的建议就好了。
③how come表示惊讶，“怎么会……”。
?How come they left you alone here？他们怎么会把你一个人留在这里呢？
④why not do sth．表示建议，“为什么不做……”。
?Why not try again？为什么不再试试呢？
⑤what for？“为何目的，为何理由”。
?—I need to see a doctor．我得去看医生。
—What for？看什么病？
⑥what about...用来提出建议或引出话题，意为“……怎么样”，后面跟名词或动名词形式。
?What about having a game of chess？下盘棋怎么样？
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①________ ________(如果……怎么办)I don’t know anyone at the party？
②—Look，here comes your dream girl．Invite her to dance．
—OK，but________ ________ ________ ________ ________(要是她拒绝我呢？)
③—Andrew won’t like it，you know．
—______ _____(那又怎么样)？I don’t care what he thinks！
【答案】①What if ②what if she refuses me ③So what
4. But，sir，(proudly) once educated to speak properly，that girl could pass herself off in three months as a
duchess at an ambassador’s garden party．
不过，先生，(高傲地)要是一旦有人教她把英语说好了，她可以在三个月后就可以冒充公爵夫人出席大使主办的花园聚会了。
句中once educated是省略结构，完整形式为once the girl was educated。
【知识拓展】
once的主要用法如下：
①once作副词时，意为“一次，一度，曾经”。常见的与once搭配的词组有：
all at once突然 at once马上；立刻
once in a while偶尔；间或 once or twice一两次
once upon a time从前
once again再一次
②once可作连接词，引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”，
once引导状语从句可以采用省略形式。
③由once，if，as，unless，when，though，although等引导的状语从句，
如果主句主语和从句主语一致，且从句中谓语动词是be＋v-ed或
v-ing形式，或从句中主谓结构为It is(was)＋adj．时，其从句结构
可省略为以上连词加v-ed，v-ing或adj．。
?Once the time is set，it cannot be changed．
＝Once set，the time cannot be changed．时间一旦被设定就不能更改。
?When I was waiting for a bus，I met Tom．
＝When waiting for a bus，I met Tom．我在等汽车时碰到了汤姆。
?Though he was young，he knew a lot of English．
＝Though young，he knew a lot of English．
尽管年龄很小，但他知道很多英语。
【跟踪典例】
用恰当词语或形式填空
①________the damage is done，it will take many years for the farmland to recover．
②Though________(surprise)to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome．
【答案】
①Once 句意：一旦农田被毁坏，将需要许多年的时间才得以恢复。Once 一旦；一经……便。结合句意填once。
②surprised 考查非谓语动词。所选词的逻辑主语是the professor，所以填surprised“惊讶的”。此处Though
surprised to see us也可看作是状语从句的省略，相当于Though he was surprised to see us。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Kenneth Branagh won two awards for his screen ________ (adapt) of Shakespeare's Henry the Fifth.
2. I couldn't sleep because the bed was so ________ (comfortable)．
3. I thought I saw someone I knew, but I must have been ________ (mistake)．
4. The man's story was so ________ (ordinary) that I didn't know whether to believe him or not.
5. How much money do we need to do the job ________ (proper)?
6. I was wearing a heavy overcoat and ________ (wool) gloves but I still felt very cold.
7. ________ (general) speaking, children under eight years old are still unable to take care of themselves.
8. Beethoven is my favourite musician. I regard him superior ________ other musicians.
9. The boy picked up a(n)________(hand) of stones and started throwing them at us.
10. ________，Adams made a big________by doing business with a foreign company，which was
really________to him.(fortune)
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
make... acquaintance； generally speaking； in terms of； hesitate over； pass... off as；
mistake... for； in disguise； be classified into； in amazement； be of great use
1．He stared at me ________ for my sudden appearance．
2．He sent her a blessing________．In fact，he hated her a lot．
3．He tried to ________ himself ________ a qualified doctor．
4．Don’t ________ me ________ a fool for I know all your secrets．
5．________money，he’s quite rich，but not in terms of happiness．
6．The products can ________ many kinds according to their criteria．
7．An English-Chinese dictionary ________ to the English learners especially to the beginners．
8．Don’t ________ accumulating the vocabulary．Do it at once．
9．________，youths of eighteen are too young for such work．
10．I’m very pleased to ________ your________．
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 如果需要，往我家里打电话。
_____________， ring me at home.
2. 在伦敦时，他学习音乐和绘画。
______________， he studied music and painting.
3. 对不起，但是你说话的方式实在是很滑稽。
I'm sorry, but the way you said that _____________.
4. 对大学生来说，掌握一门外语是很重要的。
It is ____________ for college students to master a foreign language.
5. 如果他不同意该怎么办呢？
_____________ he doesn't agree.
6. 从天气来讲，三亚市是一个旅游胜地。
____________，the city of Sanya is a good place for tour.
7. 在向老师咨询你的学习时，你总是犹豫不决。
You are always ________________ teachers about your study.
8. 据说这本参考书对高一的学生很有价值。
The reference book is said ________________ to Senior One students.
Ⅰ. 完形填空
It doesn’t seem that US singer Bob Dylan has much in common with literary masters like Ernest Hemingway and T.S. Eliot. But these three figures became forever? 1 by the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature. At the same time, the? 2 announcement has also aroused a firestorm of? 3 around the globe.
Influential US writer Jodi Picoult? 4 that she might now deserve a Grammy. And well-known British Indian novelist Hari Kunzru said, "This feels like the most? 5 Nobel win since they gave it to Obama for not being Bush."
Dylan’s new? 6 — a musician with the Nobel Prize in Literature challenges convention? 7 . However, this is by no means his first prize for his? 8 for writing. Back in 2008, the Pulitzer Prize jury(评判委员会)? 9 Dylan a special citation(嘉奖) "for his deep? 10 on popular music and American culture,? 11 by lyrical (抒情的) compositions of extraordinary poetic power". In this aspect, what the Nobel Committee is doing is? 12 an act of strengthening Dylan’s? 13 standing in the world of literature.
The words behind Dylan’s songs address social issues and have been? 14 from generation to generation. And even today, many of Dylan’s songs are still relevant and? 15 regularly by people all over the world.
There is? 16 more honorable than winning praise from one’s? 17 , but Dylan managed it. "It is? 18 that Dylan’s song and poetry have been? 19 linked," Salman Rushdie, a candidate for the prize, said. "Dylan is the brilliant inheritor of the poetic tradition," Rushdie added. "He? 20 the prize."
1. A. advocated B. bonded C. struck D. remembered
2. A. surprising B. expectant C. skeptical D. irresponsible
3. A. aggression B. injustice C. controversy D. attack
4. A. admitted B. recalled C. swore D. joked
5. A. uncaring B. unconvincing C. inspiring D. thrilling
6. A. ambition B. achievement C. status D. passion
7. A.to a degree B. for the first time
C.to the point D. from time to time
8. A. affection B. desire C. talent D. request
9. A. issued B. awarded C. offered D. rewarded
10. A. attempt B. influence C. insight D. dependence
11. A. attracted B. reflected C. marked D. impressed
12. A. simply B. occasionally C. intentionally D. hopefully
13. A. unshakable B. unnoticed C. unaffected D. unavoidable
14. A. set aside B. taken over C. put forward D. passed down
15. A. preserved B. copied C. appreciated D. recited
16. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything
17. A. competitors B. supporters C. objectors D. companions
18. A. acceptable B. reasonable C. admirable D. unbelievable
19. A. randomly B. eventually C. accidentally D. closely
20. A. treasures B. awaits C. deserves D. requires
II. 七选五型阅读理解
Having a shy style isn’t necessarily a problem. It’s OK to take time to warm up to new people and situations. 1 Some people want to feel less shy so they can enjoy socializing and being themselves around others. Here are some tips on overcoming shy feelings.
● 2 Practice social behaviors like eye contact, confident body language, introductions, small talk, asking
questions, and invitations with people you feel most comfortable around. Smile and build your confidence.
● Think of some conversation starters. Often the hardest part of talking to someone new is getting started. Think of
conversation openers, like introducing yourself, giving a compliment (赞美), or asking a question. 3
● Rehearse (排练) what to say. When you are ready to try something you’ve been avoiding because of shyness — like
a phone call or a conversation, write down what you want to say. Read it out loud in front of a mirror. Then just do
your social activities. 4 Few of the things that more confident people do are perfect, either.
● Give yourself a chance. 5 Practice socializing with these new people and get to know them slowly. People
who are shy often worry about failing or how others will judge them. Don’t let these worries and feelings keep you
from trying.
A. Start small with people you know.
B. Then you can start smiling and saying “hello” in real life.
C. One of the best ways to get over shyness is to believe in yourself.
D. Find group activities where you can be with people who share your interests.
E. Being ready with a conversation starter makes it easier to approach someone.
F. Don’t worry if they’re not exactly like you have practiced or they’re not perfect.
G. But shyness prevents some people from being as comfortable as they’d like to be.
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A
Pygmalion?is a drama in which Shaw has made sentiments one of the principal themes of discussion. The Greek sculptor Pygmalion carved a statue and fell in love with it. Aphrodite (the goddess of love) turned the statue into a living woman named Galatea, who then became Pygmalion’s wife.
The Shavian Pygmalion is Henry Higgins, a professor of phonetics, who picks up a flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, teaches her to speak as educated people do, and then successfully?passes?her?off?as?a duchess. But she is a human being and cannot be treated as a machine. In the course of all his experiments and exhibitions, the professor only thinks of the success and failure of his own skills, but never stops to consider how the girl feels. When the experiment is over, he has a profound sense of relief that he has achieved triumph and has won his bet. Even now, the sentiment of the girl is of no account. The girl naturally protests against this dehumanized relationship between her and her teacher. She hurls the professor’s slippers at him when he wants them and then leaves his place. But evidently, she has begun to feel for the professor and wants also to be felt for.
Now the question is what is the nature of Eliza’s feelings for the professor with whom she has lived in close association for so long? In the last act, the girl says she would not marry him even if he had proposed (求婚) to her. The professor, curiously ineffectual (无能的) to sexual emotions, does not love any girl because he finds her to be the rival (对手) to his mother. He wonders, if Eliza does not want to marry him, then what does she want from him? Old Mrs. Higgins, who knows much about a woman says that it would have been better if he had thanked her and petted her and told her how wonderful she had been. Then perhaps she would not have fought with him. Every girl loves to be loved. Eliza herself says that she loves Freddy and he also loves her. Professor Higgins, however, remains as ever, an old bachelor.
1. What does the underlined phrase "passes her off as" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. let her pretend to be
B. dress her up as
C. make her become
D. turn into
2. What kind of person do you think Higgins is according to Paragraph 2?
A. He is a kind man.
B. He is a considerate man.
C. He is a selfish man.
D. He is a rude man.
3. Eliza doesn’t marry Higgins because? .
A. she does not love him
B. Higgins’ mother does not like any girl to be her rival
C. Higgins likes to be a bachelor
D. Higgins does not love any girl for fear of her being his mother’s rival
4. What’s the main idea of this text?
A. It’s about the story between Shaw and Pygmalion.
B. It’s about the Greek sculptor Pygmalion and his statue.
C. It’s about the content of the drama?Pygmalion.
D. It’s about the love story of Higgins and Eliza.
B
Harper Lee, whose 1961 novel?To Kill a Mockingbird?on the?racial troubles of the American deep south, has died at the age of 89.
Until last year, Lee had been?something of a one—book literary legend.?To kill a Mockingbird?sold more than 40 million copies around the world and earned her a Pulitzer prize, remaining a towering presence in American literature. Another novel,?GoSet A Watchman, was controversially published in July 2015 as a “sequel” to?Mockingbird, though it was later confirmed to be?Mockingbird’s first draft.
But from the moment?Mockingbird?was published to almost instant success, the author consistently avoided public attention. Lee had lived for several years in a nursing home near the house in which she had grown up in Monroeville, Alabama—the setting for?Maycomb?of her famous book. Her neighbor for 40 years, Sue Sellers, said, “She was such a private person. All she wanted was privacy, but she didn’t get much. There was always somebody following her around.”
James Naughtie, BBC Books Editor, commented on the novels of Harper Lee: “I think she stands, particularly among American readers, as someone who shone a light into a very dark place. She was writing at a time when people were beginning to lift the lid on everything in the South which they’d chosen not to understand. That all changed in the 1960s. So I think her status for writing that book in its extraordinarily direct way will remain.
5. What does the underlined part in Paragraph2 probably mean?
A. Lee became successful with stories on American south.
B. People owe Lee’s success to luck to some degree.
C. Mockingbird makes Lee a wonder in American literature.
D. Mockingbird?was a bestseller by selling 40 million copies.
6. What does?“Maycomb”?in Paragraph3 probably refer to?
A. A nursing home.
B. Lee’s hometown.
C. A fiction place
D. A main character
7. Which best describes Americans' attitude towards racial troubles before the 1960s?
A. Tolerant B. Unconcerned
C. Sympathetic D. Dissatisfied
8. What can we learn from the text?
A. Lee based all her stories on her life.
B. Lee had to avoid being followed by her fans.
C. Lee wrote?Go Set A Watchman?before?Mockingbird.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
D. Lee lived in the house where she grew up for the whole life.
1.（2015·安徽）I’m so ______ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
A. special B. superior C. grateful D. attractive
2.（2015·北京）If ______for the job, you’ll be informed soon.21·世纪*教育网
A .to accept B. accept
C. accepting D. accepted
3.（2015·江苏）—Jim, can you work this Sunday?
—________? I’ve been working for two weeks on end.
A. Why me B. Why not
C. What if D. So what
K基础
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. adaptation 2. uncomfortable 3. mistaken 4. extraordinary
5. properly 6. woolen 7. Generally 8. to
9. handful 10. Fortunately；fortune；fortunate
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
Ⅲ. 补全句子
1. If necessary 2. While/When in London 3. did sound funny
4. of great importance 5. What if 6.In terms of weather
7.hesitating to ask 8.to be of great value
K能力
Ⅰ. 完形填空
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。曾获普利策奖等多项大奖的美国歌手Bob Dylan,以其充满诗意的音乐作品又获得了2016年的诺贝尔文学奖,这也使他成为了名副其实的跨界之王。21cnjy.com
1. B 根据上文中的"It doesn’t seem that US singer Bob Dylan has much in common with literary masters like Ernest Hemingway and T.S. Eliot. But..."可知,此处指但是,2016年的诺贝尔文学奖把这些人永远地联 系在了一起。bond"使结合,建立关系",符合语境。advocate"支持";strike"突然想到,给(某人以……)印 象"。
2. A 根据上文的内容可知,2016年的诺贝尔文学奖的获得者是一位美国歌手,这是令人意外的事情。故此 处指的应是这一出人意料的宣布也激起了全球的争议。surprising"令人惊奇的,令人意外";expectant
"预期的";skeptical"怀疑的";irresponsible"不负责任的"。
3. C 参见上题解析。controversy"争议,争论,争辩",符合语境。aggression"侵略,侵犯";injustice"不公平,不 公正"。
6. C 根据破折号后的内容"a musician with the Nobel Prize in Literature"可知,此处说的是Dylan的新身份。 status"身份,社会地位",符合语境。ambition"抱负,雄心";achievement"成就";passion"激情,热情"。
7. A Dylan的新身份——获得诺贝尔文学奖的音乐人——在某种程度上挑战了常规。to a degree"在某种 程度上",符合语境。for the first time"首次,第一次";to the point"切题,中肯";from time to time"有时,偶尔"。
8. C 根据下文中的"Back in 2008, the Pulitzer Prize jury (评判委员会) Dylan a special citation(嘉 奖)..."可知,此处表示但是,这绝不是他因他的写作天赋而获得的首个奖项。talent"天赋",符合语境。 affection"喜爱";desire"渴望";request"要求"。
9. B 早在2008年,普利策奖评委会便因为他对流行音乐和美国文化的深远影响,他赋予其抒情作品超凡 的富有诗意的力量而授予了Dylan特别荣誉奖。award"授予",符合语境。issue"发行,发表,颁布";offer" 提供"。此题考生易错选D项。reward"奖励,奖赏,给以报酬",常用于sb. be rewarded with sth.或者 reward sb. (for sth./for doing sth.)结构中。而该空后接了双宾语,故可排除rewarded。
10. B 参见上题解析。influence"影响",符合语境。 attempt"尝试,努力";insight"了解,洞察力",常与介词into 连用;dependence"依赖"。
11. C 参见第9题解析。mark"赋予特征,给……确定性质"。attract"吸引";reflect"反映";impress"给……留 下深刻印象"。
12. A 在这一层面上,诺贝尔委员会现在做的只不过是巩固Dylan在文学界中不可动摇的地位的一种行 为。simply"只是,仅仅"。occasionally"偶尔,偶然";intentionally"有意地";hopefully"有希望地"。
13. A 参见上题解析。unshakable"不可动摇的";unnoticed"未被注意到的";unaffected"未受影响的 ";unavoidable"不可避免的"。
16. B 根据上下文可知,这里指没什么能比获得对手的称赞更值得令人敬佩的了,但Dylan做到了。否定词 和比较级连用表示最高级的含义,所以选nothing。
17. A 参见上题解析。下文中的"...a candidate for the prize..."亦是提示。competitor"竞争者";supporter"支持 者";objector"反对者";companion"同伴"。
18. C 根据上文中的"compositions of extraordinary poetic power" "winning praise..."可知,Dylan的歌和诗紧 密地联系在一起,这是值得赞赏的。admirable"令人钦佩的,值得赞扬的",符合语境。acceptable"可接 受的";reasonable"有道理的,合理的";unbelievable"令人难以置信的"。
19. D 参见上题解析。randomly"随意地";eventually"最终";accidentally"偶然地"。
20. C Dylan值得拥有此奖项。deserve"值得,应得",符合语境。treasure"珍爱";await"等待";require"需要"。
II. 七选五型阅读理解
【语篇解的】 本文主要讲述了害羞这个问题虽不大，但有时却让人不舒服，因此要克服它。文中给了一些建议。
1. G 分析前两句 讲害羞不一定是问题，花点时间来适应新的人和环境是可以的。本空后的内容是有些 人希望不那么害羞，这样他们就可以享受社交活动和与他人相处。下面是一些克服害羞情绪的建 议。由此可推断出害羞虽不是大问题，便有人不喜欢，故要克服它。分析选项可知G项（但是害 羞让一些人不能像他们想的那样舒服）符合此意，故选G。
2. A 分析本空后的内容可知，和你身边的人练习一些社交行为，如闲聊等小事。分析选项可知A项（与 你认识的人在一起从小事开始）符合题意，且有词义的复现，如：与你熟悉的人一起（with people you know）就是（with people you feel most comfortable around）与你身边让你感觉舒服的人一起。 由此可推断出A符合题意，故选A。
4. F 第4小题所在的中心句是排练要说的话。要说因你害羞而回避的话时，进行社交活动前把你要说 的东西写出来在镜子前练习后。空后内容：非常自信的人做的事也极少有完美的，（可推测出“所 以你不要担心自己所说的不完美。”）分析选项，可知F项（不要担心是否你所说的东西不像你练 过的那样不完美）。且F项中有词perfect复现。故F项符合题意。故选F项。
5. D 第5小题所在段的中心句是“给自己一个机会”，空后叙述不要让担心自己做的不好别人的评价而阻 止你去尝试。分析选项可知D项（寻找一些小组活动，你可以和那些和你有同样兴趣的人在一起） 正是与本空内容相符。即给自己机会，寻找一些小组活动，你可以和那些和你有相同兴趣的人在 一起.。故选D。
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】萧伯纳的著名戏剧《卖花女》具有经久不衰的艺术魅力,它讲述的是语音学教授如何训练一名卖花女并使她最终被上流社会认可的故事,从而抨击了英国当时腐朽保守的等级意识。
1.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据前面的"teaches her to speak as educated people do"以及下文中的"In the course of all his experiments…"可推断出,画线部分的意思是"使她假装或冒充成为"。
2. C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知,Higgins只考虑自己的成败得失,从不考虑Eliza的感受,显 然他是一个自私的人。
3. D【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知,Eliza不会嫁给Higgins,因为他担心未来的妻子会成为 母亲的对手,所以不敢爱上任何一个女孩。
4. C【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了萧伯纳的戏剧《卖花女》的主要内容,因此选C。
B
【语篇解读】本文为介绍说明文。文章介绍了美国著名的女作家——Harper Lee。
5. C【解析】推理判断题。根据画线部分所在句子“直到去年，李一直是因一本书而出名的文学传奇”及这本 书所带来的成就可推知，Harper Lee写的To kill a Mockingbird让她成为文学界的一个奇迹。故选C。
6. C【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Lee had lived for several years in a nursing home near the house in which she had grown up in Monroeville, Alabama—the setting for Maycomb of her famous book.”（李在阿拉 巴马州的门罗维尔附近的一家疗养院住了几年，这家疗养院临近那座她所生长的房子，而这座房子正 是她的著作中Maycomb的设置场景）可推知，Maycom应该是她的小说故事发生的场地。故选C。
8. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Another novel,?Go Set A Watchman, was controversially published in July 2015 as a “sequel” to?Mockingbird, though it was later confirmed to be?Mockingbird’s first draft.”可推 知，Go Set A Watchman比Mockingbird写的要早。故选C。
K真题
1. C【解析】句意：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我把糟糕的一天变成了愉快的一天。A特殊的； B优秀的，比......好的；C感激的；D有吸引力的。根据句意可知，这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情， 故选C。
2. D【解析】句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you，与accept构 成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。故选D。
3. A【解析】句意：—Jim，周末你能加班吗？—为什么是我？我连续工作两周了。A项“为什么是我？”； B项“为什么不呢?”；C项“要是……会怎样?”；D项“那又怎么样?”。只有A项符合语境。故选A项。
Unit4 Pygmalion
4.2 Learning about Language & Using Language
重点
单词
1．________ vt. 抢劫；盗窃；剥夺
2．________ n. &vi. 妥协；折衷
3．________ adj. 可怕的；恐怖的
4．________ vi. 啜泣；抽噎
n. 啜泣(声)；抽噎声
5．________ adj. 使人反感的；令人厌恶的
6．________ vt. 俯视；忽视；不理会
7．________ vi. & vt. (使)褪色；减弱；逐渐消失
8．________ adj. 破旧的；寒酸的
重要
短语
1．show...______ 带或领……进来
2．once______ 再一次
3．______ need of 需要……
4．fade ______ (声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡
5．the ______ day 那天
6．deal______ 处理；对付
关键句型
1．Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation.
亨利?希金斯正与皮克林上校坐着进行深入的交谈。
2．We must be practical, mustn’t we?
我们必须实际一些，难道不是吗？
3．I’d never have come if I’d known about this disgusting thing you want me to do ...
我要是早知道你们想让我做这种可恶的事……我决不会来。
【答案】
重点单词
1.rob 2.compromise 3.horrible 4.sob
5. disgusting 6.overlook 7.fade 8.shabby
重要单词
1.in 2.more 3.in 4.out 5.other 6.with
之单词篇
1. rob vt．抢劫；盗窃；剥夺。常用形式：
rob sb．of sth．抢劫某人某物；剥夺某人某物
rob someplace of sth. 从某处抢走某物
?The bank at the corner was robbed last night．
昨天晚上街角的那家银行被抢了。
?They knocked the driver down and robbed him of his car．
他们把司机打倒在地，抢走了他的车。
?They robbed the people of their liberty．他们剥夺了人民的自由。
【知识拓展】
robber n．抢劫者；强盗；盗贼
robbery n．抢劫；盗窃；偷盗；失窃
【易混辨析】rob/steal
rob
抢劫
rob sb．/someplace of sth．抢劫某人/某地某物
steal
偷盗
steal (sth．)from sb．偷某人的东西
【跟踪典例】
(1)完成句子
①他从商店偷了些珠宝。
He ________ some jewelry ________ the shop．
②他们夺走了我的自由。
They ________ me ________ my liberty．
(2)用恰当词语填空
The illness robbed little Tom ________ a normal childhood and his happiness．
2. fancy adj．绚丽的，花哨的；昂贵的，奢华的；过分复杂的
n．想象(力)；想要，爱好
v．想要，认为；自以为是
?That’s a very fancy pair of shoes！那是一双非常别致的鞋！
?They added a lot of fancy footwork to the dance．21·cn·jy·com
他们给这个舞蹈增加了许多复杂的舞步。
?He sells poor goods but charges fancy prices．
他出售的商品很糟，要价却非常昂贵。
?Did I really hear a voice or was it only my fancy？
我是真的听到了声音还是我的幻觉而已？
?I have a fancy for some wine tonight．我今晚想喝点酒。
?Do you fancy going out this evening？今晚你想不想出去？
?He fancies himself(as)the fastest swimmer．
他自以为是游泳游得最快的人。
【知识拓展】
catch/take sb．’s fancy 合某人的心意；吸引某人
take a fancy to sb．/sth．喜欢上、爱上(常指没有明显原因)
have a fancy for爱好；爱上；入迷
?She saw a dress in the shop window and it caught her fancy immediately．
她看见商店橱窗里的一件连衣裙，立刻觉得很合心意。
?I’ve suddenly taken a fancy to detective stories．2-1-c-n-j-y
我突然喜欢上了侦探小说。
?I have a fancy for fishing．我爱好钓鱼。
【跟踪典例】
用恰当形式填空
Can you fancy her ________(say)such rude things？
【答案】saying 句意：你能想象她说出这样粗鲁的话吗？ fancy表示“想象”，后接动名词担任宾语，不接不定式。
3. compromise n．妥协；和解；折中
v．妥协；让步；违背；放弃
?Neither side wants to compromise.
双方都不愿意让步。
?In order to live in harmony，sometimes you need to make compromises.
为了和谐地生活，有时你需要作出让步。
【知识拓展】
(1)reach / come to a compromise 达成妥协
make a compromise with 与……妥协
(2)compromise one’s principles/beliefs/ideas 违背原则/放弃信仰/背弃理想
compromise with sb．与某人和解
compromise on sth．以折衷方法解决争论、争端等。
?After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise．
双方经过长期商谈终于达成了妥协。
?It’s wise of you to compromise with the boss．
你和老板妥协是明智之举。
?We are not prepared to compromise on safety standards．
我们不愿在安全标准问题上妥协。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①It’s wise of you to compromise________her to keep the talk flowing．
②We objected to compromising________the authority ________ safety standards．
③In real life，it’s nothing harmful to________ ________ ________(做出让步)and readily accept others’ opinions．
【答案】①with ②with；on ③make a compromise
4. overlook vt．俯视；忽视；不理会
?My room overlooked the garden．我的房间俯瞰花园。
?He seemed to have overlooked one important fact．21世纪教育网版权所有
他似乎忽略了一个重要事实。
?He has been overlooked for promotion several times．
几次晋级都没考虑他。
【跟踪典例】
①________ ________ ________ ________(忽略可能带来的影响)may put us in a dilemma．
②It is no good________ ________ ________ ________(期望我忽视)careless mistakes．
【答案】①Overlooking the possible effect ②expecting me to overlook
5. fade vi．& vt．(使)褪色；减弱；逐渐消失；凋落
?Flowers soon faded when they have been cut．
花剪下后很快就会枯萎。
?The colour in this silk material will not fade．
这种绸布料子不会褪色。
?The lights on the church began to fade out．
教堂中的灯光逐渐消失。
【知识拓展】
fade out (声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡
fade away 衰弱；病重死亡；逐渐消失
fade in(声音、画面)逐渐清晰；(声音)渐强
It’s better to burn out than to fade away！
与其慢慢凋谢，不如灿烂燃烧！
【跟踪典例】
用fade短语填空
①照片中的人物逐渐褪色。
The figures in the picture had begun to ______ ______．
②一听到这个消息他的笑容便完全消失了。
His smile ________ ________ as soon as he heard the news．
③When day dawned，the stars________ ________ of sight．
【答案】①fade away ②faded out ③faded out
之短语篇
1. in return 反过来；作为交换；作为回报
?I asked her opinion，but she just asked me a question in return．
我征求她的意见，她却反过来问了我一个问题。
?You sent me your watch and in return I gave you my book．
你给我寄来了你的手表，作为回报我把我的书送给你。
【知识拓展】
in return for作为对……的回报或报答
in turn依次；轮流；相应地
by turns(指人或人的动作)轮流地；逐个地
speak/talk out of turn说不该说的话
take turns (in) doing/to do sth．轮流做某事
【跟踪典例】
Mary gave Jack so much help that he gave her some roses ________return________ her kindness．
2. show...in带或领……进来
?Considering it’s very cold outside，you’d better show the old man in.
考虑到外面天气非常寒冷，你最好把那个老人领进来。
【知识拓展】
show sb．out 领某人出去
show sb．into 领某人进入……
show sb．around/round...领某人参观……
show sb．to the door 送某人到门口
show off 炫耀 show up 出席；到场
on show 在展出
?The nurse showed me into the room．护士把我领进了房间。
?I showed the foreigners around our school．我领着外国人参观了我们的学校。
?Why didn’t you show up last night？昨晚你为什么没到场？
【语境助记】
show 短语串记
As soon as the guest showed up at the gate, my brother Jim showed him in.While Jim showed the guest around our house, he showed off his collections.When it was time for the guest to leave, Jim showed him out.
客人刚一出现在大门口，我弟弟吉姆就领他进来了。在吉姆领客人参观我们的房子时，他炫耀了一下他的收藏品。当客人该离开时，吉姆领他出去了。
【跟踪典例】
(1)用show的相关短语填空
①It is unwise to ________ your greater knowledge in front of the manager．
②It was getting late when she finally ________．
③I ________ the visitors________ our factory．
④The latest computers will be ________ at the exhibition．
(2)补全句子
他总是炫耀，试图给他的同学留下印象。
He________ ________ ________ ________ and trying to impress his classmates．
3. once more再一次(＝once again)
?Once more she refused to help．她再次拒绝帮忙。
?Once again，let us give a warm welcome to our five performers．
让我们再次以热烈的掌声欢迎这五位演奏家。
【知识拓展】
all at once 同时；突然
just this once 仅此一次
once (and) for all 最终地；彻底地；一次了结地
once in a blue moon 极为罕见
once in a while 偶尔；有时
once upon a time 从前
?All at once we heard a shot and the soldier fell to the ground．
突然我们听见枪声，接着那士兵就倒在地上。
?We need to settle this once and for all．我们需要把这件事一次解决。
?Once upon a time，a farmer lived on the farm with a lazy cat．21·世纪*教育网
从前，一位农民和一只懒猫住在农场里。
【跟踪典例】
用once的有关词组填空
①这样的机会极其难得。
Such a chance comes ________________．
②这么多好主意，太多了，很难同时完全吸收。
So many good ideas！It’s too much for me to absorb __________________．
③我们偶尔下馆子，但一般都在家吃。
__________________ we go to a restaurant but usually we eat at home．
【答案】①once in a blue moon ②all at once ③Once in a while
4. in need of 需要……
There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事
satisfy/meet one's needs 满足某人的需求
?He is homeless and in desperate need of help．
他无家可归急需帮助。
?He was not in need of money.他不需要钱。
【易混辨析】
in need of
“需要……”，为介词短语，后跟名词或代词，相当于in want/demand of
in need
“在贫困中，在危难中”，后不接任何成分，相当于in demand
【跟踪典例】
(1)用恰当词语填空
①The minister said that their church was badly ________ need of repairs．
②Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students in________ of financial aid．
(2)翻译句子
①如果需要什么东西，请毫不犹豫地让我知道。
_________________________________________________
②这个处在危难中的人急需路人的帮助。
_________________________________________________
之句式篇
1．George Bernard Shaw was interested in the way people spoke．
萧伯纳对人们说话的方式很感兴趣。
people spoke是定语从句，修饰the way。way作“方式”解，后接定语从句时，若引导词在从句中作状语，则引导词可用that或in which，that/in which也可省去。
?I don’t like the way he speaks．
＝I don’t like the way that he speaks．
＝I don’t like the way in which he speaks．
我不喜欢他说话的方式。
【跟踪典例】
使我惊奇的不是他的话而是他说话的方式。
What surprised me was not what he said but ________ ________ ________ ________ ________．
【答案】the way he said it
2．Generally speaking，he thought that lower class people betrayed themselves with their remarks whenever 【出处：21教育名师】
they spoke，and that he could classify people’s social position after only a few minutes’ observation．
一般而言，他认为阶级地位低者一开口他们的言论便会暴露他们的身份，并且他可以在几分钟的观察之后判定人们的社会地位。
whenever在句中引导让步状语从句，意为“无论何时，每当”，此时相当于no matter when。
?Whenever/No matter when you come here，you will find him at his desk．
不管你什么时候来这儿，他都在用功。
?You may come whenever/no matter when you please．
你什么时候愿意来就什么时候来。
【名师点津】
类似引导让步状语从句的词除了whenever外，还有however，
wherever，whatever，whoever，whichever等，相当于“no
matter＋疑问词”。“疑问词＋ever”除了可引导让步状语从句外，
有时还可引导名词性从句，而“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让
步状语从句。
?However late he is，his mother will wait for him to have dinner together．
不管他回来多晚，他的母亲总会等他一起吃晚饭。
?Whatever you say，I won’t believe you．
不管你说什么，我都不会相信你。
?Whoever breaks the law will be punished．
无论是谁，违反法律都将受到惩罚。
【跟踪典例】
Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon，or ________ it is convenient to you．www-2-1-cnjy-com
3. I’d never have come if I’d known about this disgusting thing you want me to do...
如果我知道你们想要我做这件令人讨厌的事情，我绝对不会来……
本句是由if引导的与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语动词用“had＋过去分词形式”，主句中的谓语动词用“would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词”形式。
【名师点津】
虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，主要有以下几种情况：
从句
主句
与现在事实
相反
动词过去式(be的过去式用were)
would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实
相反
had＋过去分词
would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实
可能相反
动词过去式/should＋动词原形/were to＋动词原形
would/could/should/might＋动词原形
?If she knew English，she wouldn’t ask me for help．如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。
?If I were you，I would go to the hospital．如果我是你，我会去医院的。
?If I had known her number，I would have called her．【版权所有：21教育】
如果我知道她的电话号码的话，我就给她打电话了。
?If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out．如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。
注意：
在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，而把这几个词放到主语之前，
构成倒装结构。有not时，not不用提前。
?Were it necessary，I might resign．如果必要的话，我可以辞职。
?Should they have patience，they could do the work well．
如果他们有耐心的话，他们就可能把这项工作做好。
【知识拓展】
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
?If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now．
如果你刚才接受我的建议，你现在会好些。
?If you had studied hard before，you would work in the office now．
如果你以前努力学习，你现在就在办公室里工作了。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①昨天要是不生病，我是可能来上学的。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________，I might have come to school．(be)
②如果你在上个学期用功一些，你就会在考试中过关了。
If you had studied harder last term，you ________ ________ ________ ________ ________．(pass)
【答案】①If I hadn’t been ill yesterday ②could have passed the exam21教育名师原创作品
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The robber in arms wanted to ________ (抢劫) the bank．
2．They found it wiser to ________ (妥协) with her．
3．Hopes of a peaceful settlement are now ________ (逐渐消失)．
4．His heart sickened at the thought of that ________ (可怕的) scene．
5．Do you realize how ________ (令人讨厌的) you are？
6．We could hear the child ________ (啜泣)in the dark room．
7．We ________ (俯视) the church from our office．
8．The r______ whistled and the game began．
9．She likes chocolate c______ with white cream filling．21*cnjy*com
10．She was paralysed from the ________ (腰部) down．
Ⅱ. 用所给短语的适当形式填空
in need of fade out once more show... in compromise with
fancy oneself rob... of take away have the face to do a bit of
1．I repeated the question ________________， but still no one answered.
2．They made every effort to save the crops________water on this dry land．
3．Your visit will________the sting of her sorrow．
4．When you turn off a radio, the sound ________________ gradually.
5．The host and hostess________their guests________the party room．21教育网
6．On this dispute，the two sides will never ________________ each other.
7．The robber________the woman________her handbag last night．21cnjy.com
8．I do not know how you________such a terrible thing．
9．Please give me________paper．
10．He ______________as a brilliant politician but actually he is very commonplace.
Ⅲ．句型转换
1．A：He dropped out of school because of his poor family．
B：He was ________ ________ ________ school because his family was very poor．
2．A：What happened to you a few days ago？
B：What became of you ________ ________ ________？
3．A：The sound of the footsteps died away．
B：The sound of the footsteps ________ ________．
4．A：Amazingly to us，she killed a wolf．
B：________ ________ ________，she killed a wolf．
5．A：The other day，a terrible accident happened on the street．
B：________ ________ ago，a terrible accident happened on the street．
Ⅳ. 完成句子
1．我读了一部由高级教授改编的小说。
I read a novel______________by a______________.21*cnjy*com
2．我有个问题想问，但又不好意思。
I have a question to ask but I______________him.
3．因为我怕我会出错，并且他高高在上，恐怕他会看不起我这个穷酸的学生。
Because I was afraid that I might be______________and that he was so ______________that he would
______________such a shabby student.
4．但是，我后来发现，他非同寻常。我们就像熟人一样进行了交谈。
But as I found later，______________.We talked as if we had been acquaintances.
5．我认为他是一位值得尊敬的著名教授。
I believed that he was a______________.
6．这个组织旨在帮助那些需要知识的人。
This group aims to help those __________________.
7．如果他们把一切都考虑在内，就不会犯这样的错误了。
If they had taken everything into account，______________________such a mistake.
8．她承认在这一点上她不能和他妥协。
She admitted that she was unable ____________________.
9．随着音乐的逐渐消失，电影结束了。
________________，the film comes to an end.
10．屋顶每逢下雨就漏。
The roof leaks ____________________.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
This year’s four hundredth anniversary of the death of William Shakespeare is not just an opportunity to commemorate(纪念) one of the greatest playwrights of all time. It is a moment to celebrate the extraordinary ongoing influence of the great man.
①Shakespeare’s legacy is without parallel: his works translated into over 100 languages and studied by half the world’s schoolchildren. As one of his contemporaries, Ben Jonson said Shakespeare was "not of an age, but for all time". He lives today in our language, our culture and society — and through his enduring influence on education.
②Shakespeare played a critical role in shaping modern English and helping to make it the world’s language. The first major dictionary compiled(编纂) by Samuel Johnson drew on Shakespeare more than any other writer. Three thousand new words and phrases all first appeared in print in Shakespeare’s plays. Shakespeare pioneered innovative use of grammatical form and structure while the pre-eminence(卓越) of his plays also did much to standardize spelling and grammar.
③His words, his plots and his characters continue to inspire our culture and society. Nelson Mandela, while a prisoner on Robben Island, cherished a quote from The Tragedy of Julius Caesar which said, "Cowards die many times before their deaths. The valiant never taste of death but once." From Dickens and Goethe to Tchaikovsky, Verdi and Brahms; from Arthur Laurents’ West Side Story to the Hamlet-inspired title of Agatha Christie’s "The Mousetrap" — the longest-running theatre production in London’s West End today, Shakespeare’s influence is everywhere. And his original plays continue to entertain millions.
④But perhaps one of the most exciting legacies of Shakespeare is his capacity(能力) to educate. As we see from the outreach work of the Royal Shakespeare Company and Shakespeare’s Globe and the impact of pioneering British charities like the Shakespeare Schools Festival, studying and performing Shakespeare can help improve literacy, confidence and educational attainments.
Every day throughout the year, Britain is inviting you to join us in celebrating the life and legacy of William Shakespeare. On 5 January, Twelfth Night, we launched "Shakespeare Lives" — an exciting global programme of activities and events to highlight his enduring influence and extend the use of Shakespeare as an educational resource to advance literacy around the world.
The programme will run in more than seventy countries, led by the British Council and the GREAT Britain campaign. You can share your favourite moment of Shakespeare on social media, watch never-before-seen performances on stage, film and online, visit exhibitions, take part in workshops and debates, and access new Shakespearean educational resources to get a grip on the English language.
The Royal Shakespeare Company will tour China; Shakespeare’s Globe will perform across the world from Iraq to Denmark. Young people will reimagine Shakespeare in Zimbabwe. A social media campaign called "Play Your Part" will invite the next generation of creative talent to produce their own digital tribute to the Bard — and, in partnership with the British charity Voluntary Service Overseas, we will raise awareness of the huge challenge of global child illiteracy(文盲) and use Shakespeare to increase educational opportunities for children around the world.
Beyond the great gift of language, bringing our history to life, his ongoing influence on our culture and his ability to educate, there is just the immense power of Shakespeare to inspire people. From the most famous love story to the greatest tragedy, from the most powerful fantasy to the wittiest comedy, and from the most memorable speeches to his many legendary characters, in William Shakespeare we have one man, whose vast imagination, boundless creativity and instinct for humanity encompass the whole of the human experience as no one has before or since.
So, however you choose to play your part, please join us in this unique opportunity to celebrate the life and enduring legacy of this man, ensuring that, as he himself put it, "all the world’s a stage" and that through his legacy, truly, Shakespeare Lives.
1. Which is one of Shakespeare’s contributions to language?
A. Popularizing English.
B. Creating new spellings.
C. Simplifying grammar.
D. Producing professional dictionaries.
2. Which is the best place for "But Shakespeare’s influence is felt far beyond our language."?
A.① B.② C.③ D.④
3. What does the reference to West Side Story and The Mousetrap suggest?
A. The great success of the two works.
B. Shakespeare’s wide power on other writers.
C. People’s strong preference for musicals.
D. The high popularity of Shakespeare’s works.
4. What can we know about "Shakespeare Lives"?
A. It is a charity programme launched online.
B. It has provided free education for many poor children.
C. It aims to impress more people with Shakespeare’s influence.www.21-cn-jy.com
D. It makes some of Shakespeare’s works public for the first time.
5. The underlined word "encompass" is closest in meaning to "________ ".
A. expand B. include
C. appreciate D. improve
6. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To show Shakespeare is a great playwright.
B. To prove Shakespeare’s influence is everywhere.
C. To introduce some influential works of Shakespeare.
D. To attract people to a programme in honor of Shakespeare.
B
There’s nothing better than reading a good novel for switching off from the pressures of studying, particularly when doing so helps improve your general knowledge, deepen your cultural appreciation and sharpen your own English skills at the same time.
The following two masterpieces are my selection of "must-read" books for anyone who wants to gain a better understanding of English literature. As most of the great works that well-educated people are often expected to have read — known as the "canon" — were primarily written in the 19th century or a little after, these two also focus on that time period. Whether you’re a native English speaker or just learning, add these books to your reading list and make it your mission to read them before the year is out.
Wuthering Heights by Emily Bront?
This tale is a set text for GCSE and A-level English study, but away from the demands of the classroom it’s easier to enjoy its drama and intensity. Populated largely by characters whose incapacity to control their own emotions leads to violence and revenge(报仇), it’s a tale that covers two generations and two families. At the heart of the story is the mysterious "gypsy", Heathcliff, adopted as a shabby child into the Earnshaw family to live at Wuthering Heights. As he grows up, he becomes close to Mr. Earnshaw’s daughter Catherine, falling in love with her, only to be met with crushing(毁坏性的) disappointment when she marries Edgar Linton, a kind and gentle man from neighbouring Thrushcross Grange. Heathcliff runs away and disappears without a trace. Three years later, he returns, now a rich, educated man determined to take revenge.
Middlemarch by George Eliot
Middlemarch, subtitled "A Study of Provincial Life", is the story of the citizens of a Midlands town in the 1830s. Masterfully weaving together several plotlines, the novel records information about the fortunes of an interesting cast of characters, exploring their motivations, false beliefs and preoccupations(思虑). The remarkable thing about Middlemarch is the detail and realism with which George Eliot describes emotions. Feelings you thought were unique to you are described here in a way that could be describing your own thoughts. It’s one of the reasons why Middlemarch has been described by novelists Martin Amis and Julian Barnes as one of the greatest English novels ever written; read it and you’ll soon find yourself agreeing with them.
7. What does the underlined word "incapacity" probably mean?
A. Refusal. B. Inability.
C. Prejudice. D. Misunderstanding.
8. What may make Middlemarch unusual or surprising to people?
A. Its lively description of the country life.
B. The skillful mix of its different threads of plot.
C. The coexistence of its several irrelevant plotlines.
D. The way Eliot reveals its characters’ inner feelings.
9. Why does the author mention Martin Amis and Julian Barnes?
A. To state their attitude towards Middlemarch.
B. To show their contribution to Middlemarch.
C. To prove Middlemarch is a book worth reading.
D. To stress the influence Middlemarch has on them.
10. What is the best title for the passage?
A. What are the advantages of reading?
B. Should students read literary works?
C. English novels everyone should read
D. Tips on choosing suitable reading materials
Ⅱ. 七选五型阅读理解
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some Most Common Senior Year Mistakes
1 You’d better find out how to avoid these common mistakes. Finding a balance between having fun and studying for your courses is a great way to start preparing for college, since you will be called upon to do this during your college years.
Here we’ve listed some top mistakes students make so that you can make sure you don’t make them.
Skipping Classes
Skipping classes could mean missing valuable information for the coming tests. 2 As is known to all, information you’ll need for your major (专业) in your college program may be covered during a high school lecture you miss.
Forgetting to Study
When you feel less motivated to study, remind yourself that every good grade gets you closer to finding a college that offers a great program in the major you want. Keep your eyes on the prize!
3 To stay on top of your assignments, calculate how long you think something will take you, and then double it. That way you’ll have ample time to get your work done.
Daydreaming about Your Future Too Much
Your mind now might be wandering, thinking around about degrees, majors, possible careers, study abroad and many other things. These are all exciting future possibilities, but don’t forget the here and now. 4 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Failing to Use Available Resources
Teachers know about all the challenges you’re facing. 5 This help can be in the form of extra office hours, a review of topics covered, study guides, sample exams, or other tools to help you improve your grade. Take advantage of them.
A. Start preparing for college
B. Mismanaging Your Time
C. Your senior year of high school is a busy time
D. And don’t forget to think ahead to university classes
E. Almost every high school senior makes some mistakes.
F. Spending too much time daydreaming could seriously limit those future plans
G. And many of them are nice enough to offer extra help.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/)，并在其下面写出该加的词；
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉；
修改：在错词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The old saying"The early bird catches the worm”show us the importance of planning, working hard and trying constant. To achieve outstanding results, the most people must plan ahead and work hard to overcome all kind of difficulties.
That has been my own experience, either. When I first started high school, I seldom passed my exams, so I never prepared well. Later, my teacher, Mr Black, advised me plan everything in advance. She asked me to study hard as well. After a year of putting his advice to practice, I can now easily pass all my exams.
There are no direct roads to succeed.
1.（2017·天津）We offer an excellent education to our students. ________, we expect students to word hard.
A. On average B. At best
C. in return D. After all
2. (2017·江苏)_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
3.（2016·江苏）He did not easily________, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
A. approach B. wrestle
C. compromise D. communicate
4.（2014·浙江） While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without
asking for anything ______ .
A. in return B. in common
C. in turn D. in place
5.（2015·福建）Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to
live _________ nature.
A. in view of B. in need of
C.in touch with D. in harmony with
6.（2013·山东）________ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.
A. Whatever B. Whenever
C. Whoever D. However
7.（2016﹒江苏）If it ___________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been B. should not be
C. were not to be D. should not have been
K基础
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．rob 2．compromise 3．fading 4．horrible 5．disgusting
6．sobbing 7．overlook 8．referee 9．cookies 10．waist
Ⅱ. 用所给短语的适当形式填空
1．once more 2．in need of 3．take away 4．fades out
5．showed；in 6．compromise with 7．robbed； of 8．have the face to do
9．a bit of 10．fancies himself
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．taken away from 2．the other day 3．faded out
4．To our amazement 5．Several days
Ⅳ. 完成句子
1. adapted ；superior professor 2. hesitated to ask
3. mistaken；upper；overlook 4. he was extraordinary
5. famous and respectable professor 6.who are in need of knowledge
7.they would not have made 8. to compromise with him on this point
9.With the music fading out 10.whenever it rains
K能力
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在莎士比亚去世400周年之际英国将在全球举办一系列活动来纪念这位为全人类作出巨大贡献的伟人。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
3. B【解析】考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"His words, his plots and his characters continue to inspire our culture and society"可知,莎士比亚对我们的文化和社会产生了很大的影响;下文列举的"from Arthur Laurents’ West Side Story to the Hamlet-inspired title of Agatha Christie’s ‘The Mousetrap’"则是具体体现,这两部作品 的创作也受到了莎士比亚的启发,即莎士比亚对其他作家也有广泛的影响力。故选B项。
4. C【解析】考查细节理解。根据第六段中的"we launched ‘Shakespeare Lives’...to highlight his enduring influence and extend the use of Shakespeare as an educational resource to advance literacy around the world" 可知,该活动旨在让莎士比亚的影响力深入人心。考生易误选D项。第七段中提到了观看前所未有的舞 台表演,但这并不是说会首次公开展示莎士比亚的一些作品,故可排除D项。
5. B【解析】考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段中的"From the most famous love story to the greatest tragedy, from the most powerful fantasy to the wittiest comedy, and from the most memorable speeches to his many legendary characters"可知,莎士比亚的作品涉及面很广,他广阔的想象力,无限的创作力和对人性的透彻理 解涵盖了人类的所有阅历,达到了"前无古人,后无来者"的境界。画线词意为"涵盖,包括"。
6. D【解析】考查作者意图。通读全文可知,本文由莎士比亚的影响力入手引出了号召人们参与为纪念莎士 比亚而举办的一系列活动的主题。最后一段中的"please join us in this unique opportunity to celebrate the life and enduring legacy of this man"是关键提示。考生易误选B项。虽然本文由阐述莎士比亚的影响力 入手,第二段至第五段集中体现了莎士比亚在许多领域的广泛影响力,但根据下文作者花大篇幅介绍的 活动Shakespeare Lives可知,作者提及莎士比亚的影响力其实是为了号召人们参加为纪念莎士比亚而举 办的一系列活动,故可排除B项。
B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,简单介绍了《呼啸山庄》和《米德尔马契》这两本书的内容及其特点。
8. D【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"The remarkable thing about Middlemarch is the detail and realism with which George Eliot describes emotions"可知, Middlemarch的非凡之处在于:George Eliot在描述情感 时的细致入微和对现实主义手法的运用。故选D。
9. C【解析】考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"It’s one of the reasons why Middlemarch has been described by novelists Martin Amis and Julian Barnes as one of the greatest English novels ever written"可知, Martin Amis 和 Julian Barnes认为这本书是最棒的英文小说之一。由此可知,作者提及这两个人是为了说明
Middlemarch是一本值得阅读的好书。故选C。
10. C【解析】考查主旨要义。纵观全文尤其是第二段中的"The following two masterpieces are my selection of ‘must-read’ books for anyone who wants to gain a better understanding of English literature""add these books to your reading list and make it your mission to read them before the year is out"可知,本文主要介绍了 想更了解英国文学的人必须阅读的文学名著《呼啸山庄》和《米德尔马契》的内容及其特点。故C项 作本文标题最佳。本题易误选A项。考生看到文章的第一段内容"There’s nothing better than reading a good novel... helps improve your general knowledge, deepen your cultural appreciation and sharpen your own English skills at the same time"就想当然地以为下文亦是对阅读的好处的介绍,但是文章第一段只是为了 引出作者想要介绍的话题,并不是文章内容的总结,故可排除A项。
Ⅱ. 七选五型阅读理解
【语篇解读】一些最常见的高中年级所犯的错误。
1. E【解析】根据下句：你最好设法避免这些常见的错误。可知E. Almost every high school senior makes some mistakes.（几乎每个高中学生都犯一些错误。）符合题意。
4. F【解析】根据上文：这些都是令人兴奋的未来可能性，但是别忘了这里和现在。可知花太多时间做白日 梦会严重限制未来的计划。故选F。
5. G【解析】根据下文：这种帮助可以是额外的办公时间的形式……可知上文的意思是：他们中的许多人是 足够的好而提供额外的帮助。this/extra是关键词。故选G。
Ⅲ. 短文改错
The old saying"The early bird catches the worm”?us the importance of planning, working hard and trying?. To achieve outstanding results,??most people must plan ahead and work hard to overcome all??of difficulties.
That has been my own experience,?. When I first started high school, I seldom passed my exams,??I never prepared well. Later, my teacher, Mr Black, advised me?plan everything in advance.?She asked me to study hard as well. After a year of putting his advice??practice, I can now easily pass all my exams.2·1·c·n·j·y
There are no direct roads to?.
【解析】
第一处：主语是The old saying，且为一般现在时，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数。
第二处：修饰动词trying用副词constantly。
第三处：此处不是最高级，most表示“大多数”。
第四处：all kinds of是固定搭配，表示“各种各样的”。
第五处：too用于肯定句中，either用于否定句中。
K真题
1. C【解析】句意：我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育，作为回报，我们期待我们的学生们努力学习。A. 平均起来，一般说来；B. 最多，充其量；C. 作为汇报；D. 毕竟，终究。根据句意故选C。
2. B【解析】虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had 提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的 困难的。
1. C【解析】approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争；compromise妥协，和解，让步；communicate 交流。句意：他并容易妥协，但是对于正义的事业，他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知C 项正确。
2. A【解析】in return回报；in common共同的；in turn轮流；in place在合适的位置。句意：当James住在 这个村里的时候，他无私地把他的任何东西都分给村民，没有向村民要过回报。根据前面的单词 unselfishly无私地，可知他这样做不图回报。故选A。
3. D【解析】in view of在……眼里；in need of需要；in touch with和……接触； in harmony with与……和 谐相处。这四个短语后面都应该接名词。句意：人的生活是自然的一部分，因此，我们生存下来的唯 一的方法就是与自然和谐相处。根据句意，故选D。
4. B【解析】考查让步状语从句。I have to give a speech句中有主语、谓语和宾语，可知不能选whatever和 whoever，又however后面跟副词或形容词，故选whenever。句意：不论什么时候我演讲，在开始之前 我都特别紧张。
5. A【解析】本题考查错综时间虚拟语气。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。 主句是对现在情况的虚拟，if从句是对过去情况的假设，故从句要用过去完成时。
Unit4 Pygmalion
4.3 Grammar & Writing
Grammar: 过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况。其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，且与主语之间构成逻辑上的“动宾关系”或在逻辑上构成“系表结构”。过去分词短语在句中担任条件状语，原因状语以及时间状语时，通常放在句首；担任伴随状语或结果状语时，通常放在句末；担任方式状语时，一般位于句末，有时也可位于句首；担任让步状语时，一般位于句首，有时也可位于句末。
一、过去分词担任状语时的语法功能
1. 原因状语
?Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet．因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
?Frightened by the noise in the night，the girl didn’t dare sleep in her room．
被夜晚的响声惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间里了。
2. 时间状语
?Asked why he did it，the monitor said it was his duty．当被问及为何要做这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。21教育名师原创作品
?Approached in the dark the bulbs looked lonely and purposeless．在黑暗走近时，那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。
3. 条件状语和假设状语
?Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast．如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
?Given better attention，the accident could have been avoided．要是多加注意，那次事故就可以避免了。
4. 方式或伴随状语
?Surrounded by his students，the professor sat there cheerfully．那位教授在学生们的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。21*cnjy*com
?He stood there silently，moved to tears．他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。
5. 让步状语
?Beaten by the police，sent to jail，Gandhi invented the principle of nonviolent resistance．
尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监牢，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。
?Defeated again，we did not lose heart．尽管再次被击败，但我们没有灰心。
6. 分词的独立结构
(1)分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语
的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格，在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。如果主语和动词是被
动关系，就要用过去分词；如果是主动关系，则用现在分词。
?The project finished，they had a two weeks’ leave.
完成那个计划后，他们休两周假。
?Weather permitting，we will go out for a picnic.
天气允许的话，我们要出去野餐。
(2)独立结构有时也可以用“with/without＋名词(或代词的宾格)＋分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。其中with/without可
以省略。
?They sat there silently，(with) their eyes fixed on the lake.
他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。
(3)有一些表达方式是固定的，其分词短语的主语可以与主句的主语不一致。
?Judging from previous experience，he will be late.
根据以往的经验来看，他得迟到。
?Considering he’s only just started，he knows quite a lot about it.
考虑到他只是刚刚开始，他对此的了解已经不少了。
二、与状语从句的相互转换
1. 过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为when，while或after等引导的状语从句。
?Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful．【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
→When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful．
从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。
2. 作条件状语，可转换为if，once或unless等引导的状语从句。
?Given more time，she would certainly have done much better．21*cnjy*com
→If she had been given more time，she would certainly have done much better．
如果有更多时间的话，她一定会干得更好些。
3. 作原因状语，可转换为as，since或because等引导的状语从句。
?The children，exhausted，fell asleep at once．
→As the children were exhausted they fell asleep at once．
由于劳累，孩子们很快就睡着了。
4. 作让步状语，可转换为although，though或even if等引导的状语从句。
?Although exhausted by the climb，we continued our journey．
→Although we were exhausted by the climb，we continued our journey．
我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。
5. 作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。
?He began to cry as if bitten by a snake．
→He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake．
他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。
6. 作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。
?Aunt Wu came in，followed by her daughter．
→Aunt Wu came in，and(she)was followed by her daughter．
吴大娘走进来，(她)后面跟着她的女儿。
【知识拓展】
1. 现在分词与过去分词作状语在“逻辑”方面的差异：
过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间通常构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
?Given more attention，the trees could have grown better．如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
?Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help．由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
2. 现在分词与过去分词作状语在“时间”方面的差异：
过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示一种状态，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动”动作，常常和表示次数的短语以及时间段(for短语)连用，此时不能被过去分词所替换。在其他情况下通常被过去分词所替换，从而使句式更简洁。21·cn·jy·com
?Written in a hurry，this article was not so good！因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好！
?Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
?Having been discussed several times，the decision was finally made．进行了几次讨论之后，终于作出了决定。
3. 部分过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示 “被动关系”，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(陷入某种状态)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stationed(驻扎)；lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)等。
?Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didn’t hear the sound．因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。
?Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them．在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。
4. 过去分词用作状语时，前面往往带有when，if，while，though，even if等连词，这样就能使过去分词所表示的意义更加明确。这种带有连词的过去分词结构通常可看作是一种省略句，句中省略的部分总是“主语＋be的相应变化形式”，省略的主语通常与主句的主语相同。
?When given a medical examination，you should keep calm．当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。
?Although exhausted by the climb，he continued his journey．他虽然爬得很累，但他仍继续前进。
5. 分词(短语) 作状语时，其逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致；否则分词(短语)就要有自己的逻辑主语(用名词或代词的主格来表示)。这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时，其作用分别相当于一个时间、条件、原因状语从句。表示伴随方式时，相当于一个并列句。
?The signal given，the bus started．信号一发出，汽车就开动了。
?The football match(being) over，crowds of people poured out into the street．
足球赛一结束，人群便涌到大街上。
6. 不定式与分词担任状语的差异：
（1）不定式在句中可以担任目的状语，结果状语(出乎意料的结果)以及原因状语(通常后置)。
?To make himself heard，he raised his voice．为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。
?He hurried home，only to find his money stolen．他匆忙赶到家中，结果却发现钱被盗了。
All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress．他的进步，我们都很吃惊。
（2）分词在句中可以担任除目的状语以外的其他形式的状语。
?Seen from the top of the hill，the town is beautiful．从山上看，这座城镇很美。
?Defeated，he remained a popular boxer．虽然被击败了，但他仍然是一位受欢迎的拳击手。
?The guests entered the office，accompanied by the manager．客人们在经理的陪同下进了办公室。www-2-1-cnjy-com
1.（2016·北京）______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
A. Ordering B. To order【版权所有：21教育】
C. Having ordered D. Ordered
2.（2015·重庆） in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
A.Being raised B.Raising
C.Raised D.To raise
3. （2015·天津） in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
A.To absorb B.To be absorbed
C.Absorbed D.Absorbing
4.（2014·湖南）Children，when ______ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
A. to be accompanied B. to accompany
C. accompanying D. accompanied
5.（2013·安徽） ________in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
A．To found B．Founding
C．Founded D．Having founded
Ⅰ．用恰当的形式填空
1．At the routine office meeting，the headmaster insisted that the problems________(refer) to be paid special 21世纪教育网版权所有
attention to．
2．Almost________(freeze)，the old man could not get off the ground．
3．This problem was not important，________(compare) to others she faced．
4．________(exhaust) by the running，they went on running after the robber．
5．________(laugh) at by many people，he continued his study．
6．She returned to the shop the following morning ________ (dress) in a woolen coat，with a handbag in one hand
and a long umbrella in the other．
7．________(satisfy) with her reply，Telemachus first set out for the island of the Cyclops to seek news of
Odysseus．
8．________(hesitate) whether to leave or not，the man stayed where he was．
9．________(warn) many times，they became more careful in doing the job．
10．________(seize) the letter from the boy，Maggie ran away at once．
Ⅱ．用过去分词改写下列从句
1．If these seeds are grown in rich soil，they can grow fast．
_________________________________________________
2．Because he was caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet．
_________________________________________________
3．As the bike is used for a long time，it needs repairing．
_________________________________________________
4．The little girl will be blind in both eyes unless she is treated on time．
_________________________________________________
5．The teacher entered the classroom，and he was followed by a group of students．
_________________________________________________
Ⅲ．句型转换
1. Asked to stop，the excited speaker kept talking at the meeting．
→________ ________ ________ asked to stop，the excited speaker kept talking at the meeting．
2. I won't go to the evening party， even if I am invited．
→I won't go to the evening party，________ ________ ________．
3. After we spent all the money，we started looking for jobs．
→All the money ________，we started looking for jobs．
4. Caught in a heavy rain，he was wet to the skin．
→________ ________ ________ caught in a heavy rain，he was wet to the skin．
5. When he was asked why he did it，he said it was his duty．www.21-cn-jy.com
→________ why he did it，he said it was his duty．
6. Because she was frightened，she asked me to go with her.
→________，she asked me to go with her.
7. When he was asked to answer the question，the boy cried.
→______ ______ ______ ______ ______，the boy cried.
8. He stood there silently，and he was moved to tears.【出处：21教育名师】
→He stood there silently，________ ________ ________.
9. Though they had been warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields.
→________ ________ ________ ________ ________，the farmers were still working in the fields.
10．Even if I’m invited，I won’t take part in the party.
→ ______ ______ ______，I won’t take part in the party.
Ⅳ. 单项填空
1. He usually spends his spare time in his own room, watching movies.
A.locking B.being locked
C.locked D.to be locked
2. _______in front of a counter, the two girls describe how they became friends two years ago.
A.Seating B.Having seated
C.Seated D.To be seated
3. Wayne Rooney, a famous football player, regretted being too careless to score the goal, that the same 21教育网
mistake would not be repeated.
A.determining B.having determined
C.to determine D.determined
4. Qing Dao, on the coast of the Yellow Sea,is an important port of China.
A.situated B.situating
C.to be situated D.being situated
5. _________a choice between arts and science, the little girl didn't know what to do.
A.Facing with B.Faced with
C.To face with D.Face
6. I recommend the government Real Cine for urban planning since it is cheaper and practical, 2-1-c-n-j-y
the way most urban planning is done today.
A.uses; compared to B.use; compared with
C.use; comparing to D.uses; comparing with
7. ______ that the Belt and Road Initiative will benefit China’s economy, we are optimistic ___ _ the future of
the country.
A.Convincing ; for B.Convinced ; of
C.Convincing; about D.Convinced; about
8. _____with the passengers on the missing plane, their families were sitting in front of the television all day and all 21cnjy.com
night, ____________anxiously for the latest news.
A.Concerned; waiting B.Concerning; waiting
C.Concerned; waited D.Concerning; waited
9. He couldn’t continue to live such a poor life, so he left home, ______ not to come back if he couldn’t get rich.
A.determining B.determined
C.determine D.being determined
10. When ______in the police office, he declared that his intention had never been to get himself _______in the
crime.
A.questioning; involving B.questioned; involving
C.questioned; involved D.questioning; involved
K真题
1. D【解析】句意：(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。Books和order是动宾关系，即 order books/books are ordered，故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered...，故选D。
4. D【解析】句中的逻辑主语为children，与accompany之间为被动意义上的关系，故用过去分词作状语。 句意：当有父母陪伴的时候，孩子们是允许进入体育馆的。故D正确。
5. C【解析】found与逻辑主语the school之间是被动关系，且已经完成，故用其过去分词形式作时间状语。 解答非谓语动词的相关题时，先确定其逻辑主语，判断两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系，主动关系 用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。
K好题
Ⅰ．用恰当的形式填空
1．referred 2．frozen 3．compared 4．Exhausted 5．Laughed
6．dressed 7．Satisfied 8．Hesitating 9．Having been warned 10．Having seized21·世纪*教育网
Ⅱ．用过去分词改写下列从句
1．Grown/If grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast．
2．Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet．
3．Used for a long time，the bike needs repairing．
4．Unless treated on time，the little girl will be blind in both eyes．
5．Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the classroom．
Ⅲ．句型转换
1．Though he was 2．even if invited 3．spent 4．As he was
5．Asked 6. Frightened 7. Asked to answer the question
8. moved to tears 9. Though warned of the storm 10. Even if invited
Ⅳ. 单项填空
1. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他通常会把自己锁在屋里看电影来消磨空闲时间。主语He与lock存在 逻辑上的被动关系,因此使用过去分词短语作状语。
4. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：青岛坐落在黄海海岸，是中国的一个重要港口。be situated in/at/on固 定表达，表示“坐落在……”。句中用过去分词结构situated on the coast of the Yellow Sea表示主语的位 置，相当于which is situated on the coast of the Yellow Sea，故选A。
5. B【解析】考查非谓语动词做状语。句意：面临这样的困难，小女孩不知道做什么，be faced with“面临； 面对”是常用搭配，用过去分词作状语。故选B。
6. B【解析】考查虚拟语气和非谓语动词。动词recommend表示“建议”，其后宾语从句的谓语动词应用 （should+）动词原形；compared with表示“与……相比”，在句中作状语，故选B项。
7. D【解析】考查非谓语动词及形容词短语。be convinced that S V是固定句式，表示“相信……”，作非谓 语是应用convinced that S V；be optimistic about…是形容词短语，表“对……乐观”，故选D项。
8. A【解析】考查非谓语。concerned是形容词，意思是“关切的；忧虑的，担心的”，在此用形容词作状语， 指“家属们对于失联飞机上的乘客都很担心”；主语their families与wait之间是主动关系，所以用现在 分词作伴随状语，指“等待着最新消息”。故选A。
9. B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他不能继续过着如此贫穷的生活，所以他离开了家，决心如果不能变 得富有就不回来。be determined to do有决心做某事，用过去分词作状语。故选B。
10. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当在警察局被询问的时候，他宣布他不想让自己参与犯罪行为。When 后面省略主语he和was，he和question是被动关系，填questioned，第二空使用be involved in参与， 过去分词作宾语补足语。故选C。
Writing: 如何写英文戏剧
戏剧作品是一种文学形式，同小说一样也有plot(情节)，character(人物)，setting(背景)，theme(主题)和style(风格)，但其表现形式却与小说不同。
戏剧一般分幕(acts)和场(scenes)。幕是剧本写作和演出的一个完整段落，按剧情发展的时间、地点划分。场则是幕中的部分。有的剧只分幕，不分场。
剧本故事完全在角色的直接对话中展开，读者要通过对话的内容及语言风格(也包括一些简单的动作描述)去揣摩每个人物的性格、心理、教育程度和社会背景等等。其次，读者还要从对话中分析人物之间的关系或冲突，进而推断出作者的写作目的。因此，写英文戏剧必须仔细琢磨每个人物的每一句话，不但要注意每句话的表面意义，还要注意其所展示的剧中人物的某个特点和蕴含的社会意义。
1．注意包括剧本的三要素：舞台说明、戏剧冲突、人物台词。
舞台说明：舞台说明帮助导演和演员掌握剧情，为演出提供相关说明。
戏剧冲突：剧中必须有一个矛盾冲突(问题)供人物去解决，剧中所有的事件都与该矛盾冲突(问题)有关。
人物台词：是剧中人物的语言，即鲜明生动的人物对话。它是性格化的，是富有动作性的，因为人物 的语言是同他/她的行动联系在一起的。同时，人物的语言和动作必须合乎各自的身份和特 征。台词的表现形式有：对话、独白、旁白、内白(在后台说话)、潜台词等等。
2．时态：通常情况下，要用一般现在时。
3．注意剧本的写作格式。剧中人物的名字要全部大写，位于对白之前，后接冒号。舞台说明用斜体，置于
括号中。
Write a scene in which Professor Higgins gives Eliza her first lesson．In this scene，you should present what to do to change Eliza into a lady．
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【参考范文】
CHANGING ELIZA
H＝Higgins CP＝Colonel Pickering E＝Eliza
H：Good morning，Eliza．My goodness，how pretty you are after a good bath！ Ready for your first lesson？ You see，Colonel Pickering and I are both here waiting．
E：Thank you sir！
H：So let's begin．Say your alphabet．
E：I know my alphabet．Do yer thin'I know noffink！
H：Now，now！ Let's start again．Say this after me．(very slowly，loudly and carefully) Do you think I don't know anything？
E：Do yer think I don't know anything！
CP：Do you know，Higgins，I think that was better！
H：(far from satisfied) Once more，Eliza．(emphasizing each word) Do you think I don't know anything！
E：(very slowly and carefully too) Do you think I don't know anything？【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
H：Now to the alphabet，my girl．Don't argue—just say it．
CP：Yes，say it，Eliza！ You'll understand soon．Do what he tells you and let him teach you in his own way．
E：Oh，well！ If you put it like that！ Ahyee，Bayee，Sayee，Dayee...
H：(bored) Stop at once．Now say A，B，C，and D．
E：(in tears) But I am saying it．Ahee，Bayee，Sayee，Dayee...
H：Stop！ Say “a cup of tea”．
E：I capotee．
H：Put your tongue forward until it pushes against the top of your lower teeth．Now say“cup”．
E：Ccc．I can't．I can't hear no difference'cept that it sounds more genteel—like when you say it．(begins to cry)
H：(angrily)Well，if you can hear that，why are you crying？ Now try again，Eliza．
E：Ccup．
CP：Splendid，Miss Doolittle．Never mind a little crying，you are doing very well．The lessons won't hurt．I promise not to let him pull you round by your hair．2·1·c·n·j·y
H：Now try the whole thing．Eliza．A cup of tea．
E：(very slowly and with emphasis)A cuup of tea．
CP：Good，good！
H：Better，better！ Now try this sentence．“The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain”．
E：(again with emphasis)The fine in Spine falls minely on the pline．
H：(excitedly) It's coming ！ It's coming ！ Now try again，Eliza．(slowly) The rain (ai，ai，ai) in Spain (ai，ai，ai) falls mainly on the plain．
E：The raiain in Spaiain falls maiainly on the plain．
CP：Miss Doolittle，that's so much better．
H：Now，Eliza，go and practise by yourself．Keep your tongue well forward instead of trying to swallow it．
E：(beginning to cry) Oah ！ Oah ！
H：(angrily) Now Eliza，go and tell Mrs Pearce about this lesson．Think about it and practise by yourself．Away with you！
(Eliza is still sobbing，rushes from the room)
CP：Now Henry，couldn't you have been kinder to that poor girl after all the effort she made？
【名师点评】
1．本文写了戏剧的一场，在这短短的一段中舞台说明明确，通过口语化的台词展示了Eliza向Higgins学习
的片段，想象比较合理，符合戏剧写作的格式。
2．舞台说明通过very slowly and carefully too，in tears very slowly and with emphasis，again with emphasis，
beginning to cry等，充分体现了Eliza在第一次学习发音时的小心，因发音不对受到训斥时的难过、委屈，
再次练习时的努力，谨慎等学习心态的变化，符合人物的身份、特点。
