2017-2018学年高二英语人教版（选修8）同步掌握专题三Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

Unit3 Inventors and inventions
3.1 Warming Up & Pre-reading &
Reading & Comprehending
重 点
单 词
1. ___________(n．)专利证书；专利权
2. ___________(vi．& vt．)显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
3. ___________(n．)粉末；火药
4. ___________(vt．)抓住；捉住；夺
5. ___________(n．)文件；档案；文件夹 (vt．)提交；将……归档
6. ___________(adj．)熟的；成熟的
7. adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→mercy n. 慈悲；仁慈；宽容→merciless adj. 无情的；
残酷的；毫无慈悲心的
8． n. 产品→production n. 生产；制造；产量→productive adj. 多产的；富有成效的
→producer n. 生产商；制片人
9． adj. 便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience n. 方便；便利
10． n. 小心；谨慎→cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的
11. n. 预料；期待；期望→expect vt. & vi. 预料；期待；期望
12. adj. 消极的；被动的；被动语态的→passively adv. 消极地；被动地
13. adj. 有效的；确凿的；合理的；有根据的→validity n. 有效；合法性
重 要
短 语
1．给……打电话 ______________
2．偶尔；有时 ______________
3．开始；着手 ______________
4．把……和……区别开 ______________
5．apply for a patent ______________
6．in the countryside ______________
7．get rid of ______________
8．decide on ______________
9. seize opportunities ______________
10. get rid of _______________
关键句 型
1．Only after you have had that recognition ______ ________ ________ that you are truly an inventor．
只有得到那种认可，你才可以说自己是一个真正的发明家。
2．______ ______ ________ ________ ________ ________ until a search has been made to find out that
your product really is different from everyone else’s．
你的产品要经过仔细审查，证明它确实是与众不同的，你才能获得专利。
3. The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, ___________powders
designed to kill snakes.
我所做的第一件事就是看有没有什么产品可能帮助我，但是，看来只有一种毒死蛇的药粉。
4. __________it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
(评定)专利标准非常严格，除非新想法真的新颖，否则它们很难被接受。
【答案】　
重点单词
1.patent　 2.distinguish　 3.powder 4. seize　
5.file　 6.ripe　 7.merciful 8. product　 9.convenient21世纪教育网版权所有
10. caution 11. expectation 12. passive 13. valid
重要短语
关键句型
1．can you say　 2．Nor will you receive a patent
3. but there only seemed to be 4. The criteria are so strict that
之重点单词
1．discovery n．发现
?The country became rich after the discovery of oil．
在发现石油之后，这个国家变得很富有。
【知识拓展】

make an important discovery有重大发现
discover v．发现
discover sb．doing sth．发现某人正在做某事
discoverer n．发现者
?The researchers have made a number of important discoveries．
研究人员已做出许多重大发现。
?John was frightened when he was discovered smoking in his dormitory．
当约翰被发现在宿舍里抽烟的时候，他非常害怕。
【易混辨析】discover/invent
discover v．
发现，用于发现“本来已存在的东西”。
invent v．
发明，用于发明创造“本来没有的东西”。
?He discovered a hole in the wall．他在墙上发现了一个洞。
?Edison invented many useful inventions．爱迪生发明了许多有用的发明。
【跟踪典例】
(1)完成句子
①I’m sure if you are careful，you’ll ________ ______ ________ ________ (有重大发现)．
②______ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (在发现他那迷路的孩子时)，he jumped with joy．
(2)用discover和invent的正确形式完成下列句子
①Columbus ________ America，and he will always be remembered as the ________ for his ________．
②The first telephone was ________ by Alexander Graham in 1876．As the ________ of it，he was famous for his ________．
2．distinguish vi．& vt．显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from...使……有别于……；使……具有区别于……的特征
be distinguished for...因……而出名
distinguish oneself (as...)(作为……)表现突出
?At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong？
儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？
?It is known to us that Sun Yang has already distinguished himself as an althlete.
众所周知，孙杨作为一名运动员已享有盛名。
?Speeches distinguish man from animals．语言使人类区别于动物。21cnjy.com
【名师点津】
distinguish常用于否定句，且常与can或could连用；
tell也可表示“辨认，辨别”，常与can或could连用，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
【知识拓展】

distinguished adj．卓越的；著名的；杰出的
distinguishable adj．易分辨的；能区分的
【跟踪典例】
(1)完成句子
①你应学会明辨是非。
You should learn to ________ ________ right ________ wrong．
②这对孪生儿长得很像，没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个。
The twins are so alike that no one ______ ________ one ______ the other．
(2)用distinguish的正确形式填空
①I could not ___________ her words, but she sounded nervous.
②The male bird is easily ______________ from the female.
③The scientist is ______________ in many fields of knowledge.
④She ___________ herself by her coolness and bravery.
【答案】
(1)①distinguish between；and　
②can distinguish；from
(2) ①distinguish ②distinguishable ③distinguished ④distinguished
3. merciful adj．宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的
?They asked her to be merciful to the prisoners．
他们要求她对犯人慈悲为怀。
【知识拓展】
mercifully adv．仁慈地；宽厚地；幸运地
mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
ask/beg/plead for mercy 请求/乞求/祈求宽恕
show no mercy to 对……丝毫不讲仁慈/毫不怜悯……
have mercy on 怜悯……
at the mercy of 任凭……的摆布
without mercy 无情地
?He is a kind boss，who treats the workers mercifully．
他是一位好心的老板，对待工人很仁慈。
?We showed no mercy to the traitor．
我们毫不怜悯那个叛徒。
?They were lost at the sea，at the mercy of the wind and weather．
他们在海上迷了路，任凭风和天气的摆布。
【跟踪典例】
选词填空mercy/merciful/mercifully
①The ________ king saved the young officers from death．
②Mr Smith has ________ on the poor boy and always helps him．
③Deaths from the disease are ________ rare．
【答案】①merciful　 ②mercy　 ③mercifully
4．product n．产品；产物；产量
?They came here in search of new markets for their products．
他们来此为他们的产品寻找新市场。
【知识拓展】
produce vt．生产；制造　n．(集合用法)农产品
producer n．生产者
production n．生产；产量；总产量
productive adj．多产的；富有成效的
fresh produce新鲜的农产品
【易混辨析】product/production/produce
product
强调任何体力或脑力劳动所生产的东西，含义广，是可数名词。
production
指生产或产量，也可指文学作品。
produce
作名词时，指农产品，是不可数名词。
【跟踪典例】
用produce的恰当形式填空
①他们可以帮你比较两个不同的产品。
They can help you to compare two different ________．
②这些树生产橡胶。
These trees ________ rubber．
③他是好几个电视节目的制作人。
He is the ________ of several TV shows．
④如果我们不能卖出更多的货物，就必须降低产量。
If we can’t sell more goods，we’ll have to cut back on the ________．
⑤这本论述教育的书是他的最新作品。
This book on educations is his latest ________．
⑥这个会议成效不太大。
It wasn’t a very ________ meeting．
5. convenient adj．便利的；方便的；就近的
?It is not convenient for me to ring him up．
我现在不便于给他打电话。
?Please come to my home if it is convenient for you.
你方便的话，请来我家。
?The house is very convenient for several schools.
这座房子离几所学校都很近。
【知识拓展】
be convenient for对……是方便的
It is convenient for sb．to do sth．某人方便做某事
convenience[U]方便；便利　[C]便利的设施
for convenience为了方便起见
at one’s convenience在……方便的时候
conveniently adv．方便地
?It is convenient for me to get to the railway station．
我到火车站很便利。
注意：convenient通常不以人作主语，常用结构为
“sth．be convenient for sb．”及“It’s convenient
(for sb．) to do sth．”。
【跟踪典例】
(1)完成句子
①________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (如果你方便的话)，I’ll go to see you at 6 pm．
②Come to my office________ ________ ________(你方便时)．
(2)选词填空(convenient/convenience)
Would it be ________ for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport？
【答案】
（1）①If it is convenient to you　②at your convenience
（2）convenient　句意：你是否方便在4点钟来接我，然后送我去机场？convenient“便利的；方便的”，常
用结构为it is/was convenient for sb．to do sth．“某人方便做某事”，符合题意。convenience n．“方便； 便利”。
6．expectation n．[C，U]预料；期待；期望
against all expectation(s) 出乎预料
contrary to expectation(s) 出乎预料
come/live up to one’s expectations 不负所望
beyond expectation 料想不到
in expectation of 期待，指望，预料
?We are confident in our expectation of a full recovery.
我们满怀信心地期待着完全康复。
?She looked at me with expectation．她满怀期待地看着我。
【名师点津】
expectation意为“期望，期待”时，是不可数；意为“期望的事情、前景”时常用复数。
【知识拓展】

expect vt．期望；盼望　后可跟名词或代词、不定式、复合宾语、从句等
常用搭配：expect sth．/(sb．) to do sth．/that...期望；盼望……
?Against all expectations，Mike finished high school with top grades．
出乎所有人的预料，迈克中学毕业时成绩优异。
?He succeeded beyond our expectations．我们没有料想到，他成功了。
?I expect him to come．我盼望他来。
【跟踪典例】
(1)完成句子
①Like some of my classmates，I cannot________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(达到我老
师的预期)．
②I came across my university professor in the supermarket near my house，which was________ ________
________(出乎我的预料)
(2)用恰当形式填空
—How many students，do you think，will be present at the meeting？
—I expect there________ (be)20 students at the meeting．
7．seize vt．
(1)抓住；抢走
?She seized the child and pulled it back from the edge of the cliff.
她抓住孩子，把他从悬崖边沿拉了回来。
(2)抓住(机会)，理解
?You should seize the opportunity/chance to work abroad with both hands.
你应该紧紧抓住这次出国工作的机会。
(3)夺取，攻占
?The soldiers fought bravely and seized the airport in two hours.21·cn·jy·com
士兵们英勇作战，用两个小时夺取了机场。
【知识拓展】

be seized with an illness 害病
seize sb．by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊
seize the chance/opportunity 抓住机会
seize...by surprise 突袭……
seize on/upon 抓住，利用(借口等)
?He seized Mary by the arm when she wanted to leave．
当玛丽想离开时他一把抓住了她的胳膊。
?Tom seized on the excuse to get out of the practice．
汤姆利用这个借口逃避了练习。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①His father asked him________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(抓住每
次机会多赚一些钱)．
②The little boy________ ________ ________ ________ ________(抓住我的胳膊)and asked me for help．
之重点短语
1. call up
(1)给……打电话
?Please call me up if she feels uncomfortable.
如果她感觉不舒服，请给我打电话。
(2)使回忆起，使想起
?The music calls up old times.
音乐让人回想起旧日时光。
?This old photo calls up memories of my childhood.
这张老照片勾起我对童年的回忆。
【名师点津】
call up当表示“打电话”时，call up＝ring up＝ring＝call
【知识拓展】

call back回电话 call for需要；要求；接(人或物)
call in召来，叫来 call on sb．激起；要求
call on sb．to do sth．号召某人做某事
call off取消 call at 拜访（某地）
?I will call for you at 8 o’clock at the school gate．2-1-c-n-j-y
我8点钟在学校门口来接你。
【跟踪典例】
Ⅰ. 用call的相关短语填空
①I________ ________ ________(给他打电话) many times today，but I couldn’t get through．
②Human Rights Groups are________ ________(要求)the social and economic reform．
③Last weekend he ________ ________ (拜访) the village where he was brought up．
④They have _____ ______(取消) their engagement (婚约)．【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Ⅱ. 根据句意填入适当的介词或副词
①The project calls ________ money and time.
②He is ill, you should call ________ the doctor right away.
③Please tell him to call ________. My number is 5766490.
④I shall call ________ his home tomorrow, and could you go with me?
2. now and then 时而；不时
?I try to buy myself something (every) now and then.
我偶尔会试着给自己买点东西。
?I see my uncle now and then.
我偶尔去看看我叔叔。
【知识拓展】
关于偶尔的表达：
from time to time，once in a while，occasionally
now and again, at times
now的短语归纳：
now and again 不时 now that既然
right now 既然 until now直到现在
up to now直到现在
【跟踪典例】
　　　Larry and his wife go out to dinner at first-rate restaurants, even though they are not rich enough.
A.Now and then B.By and by C.Step by step D.More or less
【答案】A
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意:尽管不是很富裕,但Larry和他的妻子还是偶尔会去一流的饭店吃饭。now and then"偶尔,有时";by and by"不久,很快";step by step"逐步地";more or less"或多或少"。
3. set about (doing sth．) 开始(做)；着手(干某事)
?The sooner we set about it, the sooner we'll finish.【版权所有：21教育】
我们越早开始就可以越早完成这件工作。
?We set about cleaning up the room for the meeting.
我们开始把房间打扫一下准备开会。
?I wouldn't even know how to set about mending a watch.
我甚至都不知道如何着手修理手表。
注意：set about中about为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
【知识拓展】
set out 出发；启程
set out to do sth．开始做某事
set off 出发；动身；开始(旅行、赛跑等)
set aside 留出；拨出；对……不予考虑；
(为某目的)节省或保留(钱或时间)
set down 停下……；让……下车；记下；写下
set up 设置；创立；开办
set out for＝set off for＝leave for 出发到某地去
set back 阻碍某事物发展；把(钟表指针)往回拨
set sth．off 使(炸弹、地雷等)爆炸
set sth．up 摆放或竖起某物；创(体育)记录
?The bomb could be set off by the slightest touch．
最轻微的碰撞都可能引爆这颗炸弹。
?Let’s set aside my personal feelings for now．
目前咱们就不要顾及我的个人感情了。
?He set out to break the record for the channel swim．
他决心打破游过海峡的记录。
【跟踪典例】
(1)用适当的介副词填空
①We try to set ________ a bit of money every week．
②The company has set ________ a new branch in London．
③Gathering up the thread of his story，he set ________ writing．
④He has achieved what he set ________ to do three years ago．
(2)用恰当的set短语填空
Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they ________ on their life journey．
4. in case以防万一；假使
?In case you need something，please don’t hesitate to let me know．
如果你需要什么东西，请不要犹豫地对我说。
?It may rain；you’d better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does)．
可能下雨，你最好带把伞，以防万一。
?I’ll cook plenty of potatoes just in case they decide to stay for dinner．
我打算多煮些马铃薯，以防他们决定留下来吃饭。
【知识拓展】
in case of 假如；如果发生(后接名词或代词)
in this case 如果这样的话
in that case 如果那样的话
in any case 无论如何
in no case 决不(位于句首，句子应使用倒装语序)
注意：
①in case表示“万一”，可单独使用，也可引导从句(有时用虚拟语气)。
②in case后跟表示将来的从句，用一般现在时表将来，但可用should，might等情态动词。
?There are spare batteries there，in case you need them．2·1·c·n·j·y
那里面有备用电池，万一你需要时能用上。
③in no case “决不”，置于句首时，句子采用部分倒装语序。
?In no case will I turn against my motherland．
我决不会背叛我的祖国。
【跟踪典例】
用恰当连词填空
①I’ll be out for some time．________(万一)anything important happens，call me up immediately．
②Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow ________ I forget．
之重点句型
1. The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me，but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes．
我所做的第一件事就是看有没有什么产品可能帮助我，但是，看来只有一种毒死蛇的药粉。
(1)本句为but连接的两个并列分句，其结构如下：
(2)there seem to be是there be句型的变体，表示“似乎有……”。与there可以连用的谓语动词还有：be going
to，appear to，used to，be likely to，happen to等。
?There seem to be fewer tourists around this year．
今年来访的旅游者似乎少了。
?There are going to be two English parties next week．
下周有两场英语晚会。
?There used to be a bridge across the river．过去河上有座桥。
?There happened to be some money in my pocket．
我的口袋里碰巧有一些钱。
【知识拓展】
there be句型中的be有时还可以换成其他表示“有，存在”的词，
如live，stand，lie，remain等。
?There stands a manmade hill near the lake．
在湖边有一座假山。
?There remained in the village only women and children．
村子里只剩下妇女和儿童。
【跟踪典例】
补全句子
①________ ________ ________ ________ an apple tree in front of the house．
过去房子前面有棵苹果树。
②________ ________ ________ ________ a policeman on the corner，so I asked him the way．
恰好拐角处有一位警察，我就向他问路了。
③________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in the small house．【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
在这个小房子里住着一位老人。
【答案】
①There used to be　②There happened to be　③There lived an old man21*cnjy*com
2. Prepared with some research findings，I decided on three possible approaches．
经过一番研究以后，我决定采用三种可能的方法。
prepared with some research findings为过去分词短语作状语，相当于谓语动词为被动的状语从句，该动作和主句的主语之间存在着逻辑动宾关系。过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。
?Given more time，he can do it better．
如果给予他更多的时间，他能把它做得更好。
【知识拓展】
1. 过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为when，while或after等引导的状语从句。
2. 作条件状语，可转换为if，once或unless等引导的状语从句。
3. 作原因状语，可转换为as，since或because等引导的状语从句。
4. 作让步状语，可转换为although，though或even if等
引导的状语从句。
5. 作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；
若无连词，则转换为并列结构。作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。
?Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful．
→When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful．
从山顶上看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。
?Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder．
→As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder．
由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。
?He began to cry as if bitten by a snake．
→He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake．
他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。
【跟踪典例】
用恰当形式填空
①________ (open)in 1955，Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park．
②________(see)from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees．
3. Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly，which freezes when cooled．
在碗的内壁和外壁都抹上果冻，这些果冻冷却后会冻结。
when cooled的构成为：连词＋过去分词，相当于when引导的状语从句：when it is cooled。这属于状语从句的省略现象，省略了从句的主语it和系动词is。
注意：如果连词引导的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it，且包含be动词，则可以省略从句的主语或it和be动词，形成“连词＋分词/形容词”结构，原从句为主动结构时，分词为现在分词；原从句为被动结构时，分词为过去分词。
?When walking in the street，I met my teacher．(＝When I was walking in the street...)
当我正在街上走的时候，我遇见了我的老师。
?The ball will hit others if thrown out of window(＝...if it is thrown out of window)．
这球会打到其他人如果它被扔到窗外的话。
?If necessary，I’ll give you the answer．(＝If it is necessary，I’ll give you the answer．)
如果有必要，我会把答案给你们。
【跟踪典例】
Children，when________(accompany)by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium．
4. The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot．第二天早上，天还不太热，我就早早地起床了。
before作连词表示时间时，根据其在句中的实际情况，译法有多种，具体可译为：
①在……之前。
?We lived in Paris before moving to London．我们搬到伦敦之前住在巴黎。
②……(之后)才……
?It was a long time before I got to sleep again．很长一段时间之后我才重新入睡。
③(不多久)就……
?It wasn’t long before she came back．不久她就回来了。
④以免……
?Lock your bike before it gets stolen．锁好你的自行车，以免被偷。
⑤还没来得及……就……
?Before John stopped her，she ran out．约翰还没来得及阻止她，她就跑了出去。
【跟踪典例】
The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times ________ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”．
【答案】
before　考查连词。句意：单词“好的”变化了几次之后最后包括了“令人愉快的”这个感觉。before在此处引导时间状语从句，意为：在……之后。
5. For the second attempt I froze the bowl and the icecubes again but placed them over the snakes’s habitat
in the evening，as the temperature was starting to cool．
第二次试验时，我把碗和冰块再次冻好，但在傍晚气温开始下降的时候把它们放在蛇穴的上方。
本句中but连接两个并列的动作freeze和place；as引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。as在英语中起的作用很多，它可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、方式状语从句、定语从句等。当引导让步状语从句时意为“虽然，尽管”，须用倒装语序。21·世纪*教育网
?As he grew older，he became less patient．他年龄越大变得越没有耐心。
?As everybody is here，let’s begin．既然大家都到了，咱们开始吧。
?Young as I am (＝Although I’m young)，I know a lot．尽管我年龄小，我知道很多东西。
【易混辨析】when/while/as
when
表示“当……时”，引导的从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以前后发生；动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。
while
表示“当……时”，一般与延续性动词连用，引导的从句强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
as
表示“当……时候”时，和when/while可通用，但是as强调主句和从句的动作同时或几乎同时发生。
?When the earthquake broke out，all the students were sleeping soundly．
当地震发生时，所有的学生正在熟睡。
?The telephone rang while I was taking a bath．我在洗澡时电话响了。21*cnjy*com
?They talked as they walked along the river．他们沿着河边走边谈。
【跟踪典例】
①当她感觉到滴到她双手上的血液时，一阵恐惧突然遍布了她全身。
A sudden chill of horror swept over her ______ ______ ________ ________ ________ ________ upon her
hands．
②事情就如你喜欢的那样。
It is just ________ ________ ________．
③约翰一边工作一边唱歌。
John sings ________ ________ ________．
④虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为太贵了。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________，I won’t buy，for it’s too expensive．
6. Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved？21教育名师原创作品
你知道发明者在他们的发明得到认可之前要经历哪些阶段吗？
have their invention approved构成“have＋宾语＋过去分词(即have＋复合宾语)”结构。其详细用法为：
(1)表示动作的被动(动作已经完成)
?We had the machine repaired．我们请人把机器修好了。
(2)表示动作的被动(动作还未发生；此时，不能采用to be done形式)
?He was talking about having central heating put in．Did he have it put in in the end？
他那会儿总说要找人装暖气。到底装上了没有？
(3)表示动作的被动(动作正在发生)
?I can’t ask you to dinner this week as I am having my house painted at the moment．
这一周我不能请你来吃饭了，因为现在我正让人刷房子呢。
(4)表示意外或不幸遭遇(动作已经完成)
?He had his fruit stolen before he had a chance to pick it．
他树上的果子还没来得及摘就被人偷掉了。
【知识拓展】
(1)have＋宾语＋现在分词
①让……一直处于某状态
?He had us laughing all through the meal．
在吃饭期间，他让我们笑个不停。
②表示预期的目标
?Will you really have her driving in three days？
你真的能在三天之内就教会她开车吗？
③表示不愿引起的后果
?If you give allnight parties，you’ll have the neighbours complaining．
你如果举办通宵晚会，会搞得邻居们都抱怨你的。
④与won’t/can’t连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”
?I won’t have him sitting down to dinner in his overalls．I make him change them．
我不允许他穿着工作服就坐下吃饭。我要他换衣服。
(2)have＋宾语＋(不带to)不定式
?The teachers have us leave to do the homework．
老师让我们留下来做作业。
?I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park．
我要他在公园门口等我。
【跟踪典例】
①The director had her assistant________(pick up)some hot dogs for the meeting．
②If we have illegal immigrants________(come)in，many local workers will lose their jobs．
7. Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor．
只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。
“only＋状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”位于句首时，句子须部分倒装。其结构为：
(1)only＋介词短语(in this way/under one’s help等)＋助动词/情态动词＋主语。
?Only in this way can you solve the problem，I think．
我想，只有这样你才能解决问题。
?Only in this way can you make improvement in the operating system．
只有用这种方法你才能改进操作系统。
(2)only＋连词(when/before/while/once/after等)引导的状语从句＋助动词/情态动词＋主语。
?Only when he finishes the work can he go home．
只有在做完工作之后，他才能回家。
(3)only＋副词(then/now/here/there等)＋助动词/情态动词＋主语。
?Only recently have I allowed myself to think of that again．
只有到了最近我才再次考虑这件事。
注意：有时only虽置于句首，但如果修饰主语，句子则不需倒装。
?Only one thing can make him change his mind．只有一件事才能使他改变主意。
【跟踪典例】
①单句改错
Only then I understood what she meant．
→______________________________________________
②完成句子
Only when he returned home ______ ______ ________ ________ ________ ________．
当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。
【答案】①Only then did I understand what she meant． ②did he realize what had happened
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．It is c______for me to call on him now and then．
2．They were so much alike that we could hardly d______one from the other．
3．She ate a little for lunch in e______of a good dinner．
4．“He was examined by a doctor．” is a p______sentence．
5．A final word of________(警告)—never try any of this without backing up your system．
6．My way of thinking might be different from yours，but it's equally________(有效的；确凿的)．
7．He applied for a________(专利) for a new method of removing paint．
8．Our conversation came to an________(突然的) end when George burst into the room．
9．We will keep your details on________(档案)．
10．What are the________(标准) for deciding who gets the prize？
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1．They returned to their hometown only when the war was over．
→Only when the war was over ______ ______ ________ to their hometown．
2．Wild elephants appear from time to time to destroy the crops．
→Wild elephants appear ________ ________ ________ to destroy the crops．
3．When we are asked about our future plan，we don’t know what to say．
→________ ________ our future plan，we don’t know what to say．
4．George set out to improve his handwriting．
→George ________ ________ improving his handwriting．
5．Even their teacher can’t tell Tom from his twin brother．www-2-1-cnjy-com
→Even their teacher can’t ______ ______ Tom ________ his twin brother．
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．He goes to the library to read English novels a little now or a little then.
________________________________________________________________________
2．He called me off this morning but I was out then.www.21-cn-jy.com
________________________________________________________________________
3．He set about rebuild his house as soon as he recovered.
________________________________________________________________________
4．After he got to the school, he abrupt found that he had lost his keys.
________________________________________________________________________
5．They went to help the old and poor in the little village merry.
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅳ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
on file, in the expectation, decide on, set about, call up,
distinguish oneself, set out, prepare for, as before, now and then
1．Before the class, you must ________ your lessons.
2．He had ________ where to go.
3．He keeps on doing experiments in his little room ________.
4．It was ____________________ that he had won the match.
5．We will keep your report ________.
6．We ________ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part.
7．Someone ________ from downtown and asked to see you at five.
8．The girl goes to visit her English teacher ________， who retired from school last year.
9．Soon the government ________ solving the problem.
10．He has __________________ as the top scorer on the team.
Ⅰ. 完形填空
In Elisha Otis’s time, people were not interested in riding an elevator. They thought elevators were too?　1　. To improve elevators, Otis worked hard to?　2　people’s fears by showing that his elevator was safe.
Born in 1811, Otis grew up on a farm, but he had?　3　interest in raising crops. Otis tried many different jobs in his early years,?　4　none of them lasted long. Finally, in 1845, he tried to?　5　his luck with a move to Albany, New York where he opened a shop to build small machines.
In 1852, a company?　6　him as a master mechanic. Heavy equipment had to be?　7　to the second floor. Otis had to build an elevator that could move the equipment?　8　. Otis tried to?　9　the elevator designs then in use. He noticed that elevators depended too?　10　on a single rope. If that rope broke, nothing could prevent the whole works(活动部件)from?　11　. Otis thought the system was too?　12　to lift thousands of pounds of machinery. He wanted to prevent the?　13　if the rope broke.
Otis designed a spring (弹簧) system. He placed a special spring above the elevator platform (平台).?　14　the rope broke, the safety spring would at once lock the platform in place.
In 1854 Otis had a chance to?　15　his safety elevator. At the Crystal Palace Exposition in New York, a crowd gathered around Otis’s?　16　. Standing on the platform alone, he ordered a worker to?　17　the lifting rope.?　18　, the platform began to fall. The crowd was?　19　. But, to their surprise, the platform fell only a few inches before coming to a?　20　.
1. A. heavy B. huge C. simple D. dangerous
2. A. increase B. feel C. weaken D. express
3. A. some B. no C. any D. great
4. A. so B. or C. but D. nor
5. A. believe B. hold C. change D. choose
6. A. described B. employed C. considered D. called
7. A. lifted up B. turned over C. pulled down D. turned off
8. A. rapidly B. steadily C. safely D. legally
9. A. check B. support C. improve D. clean
10. A. little B. much C. far D. long
11. A. waiting B. operating C. falling D. flying
12. A. risky B. modern C. standard D. convenient
13. A. plan B. luck C. disaster D. dream
14. A. Unless B. Because C. Until D. If
15. A. sell B. show C. order D. take
16. A. shop B. invention C. farm D. house
17. A. climb B. fasten C. cut D. lower
18. A. Suddenly B. Strangely C. Fortunately D. Gradually
19. A. moved B. excited C. ashamed D. frightened
20. A. rest B. stop C. level D. place
II. 七选五型阅读理解
For over one hundred and fifty years, Americans of all social classes have worn blue jeans.?　1　. Whether they are worn for work or for fashion today, Strauss' invention continues to be popular not only among Americans but also among people around the world.
Levis Strauss was born in Germany in 1829.?　2　. He grew up in Kentucky before moving to New York in 1847,?before becoming an American citizen and moving to the West in 1853, Strauss worked in his brother's dry goods business. This gave him a chance to produce his famous invention. After the gold rush of 1849, Strauss decided to move to the West to seek his fortunes.
Strauss did not want to be a person who searched an area for minerals. Instead, he knew he could make a good living by selling supplies to the miners. At first, he planned to sell sewing supplies and cloth.?　3　. When he heard miners complaining that their clothes were easily broken or they usually tore their pockets during mining he decided to use a special fabric to make pants for the miners. These pants proved so popular that he quickly ran out of materials to make more.
In 1873, Strauss received a letter from a Jewish tailor named Jacob Davis who had invented a process of connecting pockets with copper rivets(铆钉). This made the pants last a long time. Because Davis did not have the money to patent his idea, he offered to share it with Strauss if Strauss would agree to pay for the patent.?　4　.21教育网
By the time Strauss died in 1902, he had made a great contribution to American fashion.
　5　. The business has been growing ever since and Levi Strauss & Company is now one of the largest clothing companies in the world.
A. As a young boy, he moved with his family to the United States.
B. Nobody knew what kind of material was suitable.
C. He did and Levi jeans have been made with metal rivets ever since.
D. However, he did not get lunch business from those products.
E. He also made a great contribution to America's clothing-industry.
F. Since they were invented by Levi Strauss, they have become a symbol of American consumer culture.
G. As the business grew, Strauss got much money from it.
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A
Do you know who invented the slide-fastener, or rather, the zipper(拉链)? No one thought of anything like the zipper until Whitcomb Judson came along. Judson’s slide-fastener was an out-of-blue invention. No one knows what gave him the idea. No one even knows much about him, except that he was a mechanical engineer living in Chicago and that he patented other inventions to do with a street railway system and motorcars.
Judson invented the first zipper in 1891. This ingenious little device looks very simple, and the principle behind it is simple, too; yet it took a lot of years, together with another inventor to make the zipper really practical.
The zipper had to be produced cheaply, because no one would pay a lot of money for it. Judson invented a machine to mass-produce his slide-fastener. But the machine was terribly complicated and kept on breaking down. So in 1905 Judson invented a new fastener, the C-curity, which was easier to manufacture. Clothing manufacturers, however, were not the least bit interested in trying out the fasteners, so the only way Judson could get them on to the market was by letting pedlars sell them from door to door. Moreover, the C-curity fastener was clumsy and had a bad habit of bursting open at inconvenient times.
Then a young Swedish engineer called Sundback came to work for Judson’s struggling company. He thought hard and decided that the interlocking parts needed to be much smaller to give the fastener greater flexibility and to stop it bursting open. After several attempts, Sundback invented a really practical fastener in 1913.It is in all important ways the same as the one we use today.
Clothing manufacturers still refused to use the fastener. But in 1918 an inventor showed the American army a flying suit he had invented. It happened to use the slide-fastener. The army put the suit through such tough tests that it disintegrated(分裂)—— all except the fastener! A Navy officer happened to see the tests, and Judson’s unknown little company got an order for ten thousand fasteners. Later, Judson’s invention was used in the manufacture of rubber galoshes by a big company. They called the galoshes `Zippers′. This is how the slide-fastener got its popular name.
1. What does the sentence “Whitcomb Judson’sslide-fastener was called an out-of-blue invention” in the first
paragraph mean?
A. That it was blue in color.
B. That it was totally unexpected.
C. That it was excellent in quality.
D. That it was not practical.
2. How many years did it take for a really practical zipper to be invented?
A.22 B.18 C.19 D.13
3. What do we know about Whitcomb Judson according to the passage?
A. It took Judson a lot of years to invent the first zippers.
B. Judson, together with Sundback invented a really practical fastener in 1913.
C. Judson invented a lot of things, not only including zippers but also a street railway system and motorcars.
D. People know little about Whitcomb Judson except a few facts.
4. What can you conclude from the passage?
A. The invention of the zipper was not easy but its marketing was.
B. At least three inventors worked for the perfection of the zipper.
C. The slide-fastener acquired its present name only after it was used in the manufacturing of army suits.
D. It was only by a stroke of luck that the zipper found its way into a wider market.
5. What is the writer’s purpose of writingthe passage?
A. To tell us how the zipper works.
B. To give abrief sketch about the inventors of the zipper.
C. To give us information about the invention of the zipper.
D. To argue who the real inventor of the zipper was.
B
It is such a common occurrence that no one ever wonders from where it came. But the telephone has a fascinating story behind it. It is the story of Alexander Graham Bell.
He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1847. The son of a man who was bitten by the workings of the human voice, how it is produced and used, and especially teaching the deaf how to use it, young Alexander Graham Bell grew up with his father’s such strong feelings.
In 1870, because of poor health, he migrated to Canada. It was not long before his success in teaching the deaf to speak brought him to the attention of a wealthy merchant in Boston who wanted Bell to help her daughter, Mabel. Finally, Mr. Bell and Mabel fell in love. It was she who inspired him to develop the then remarkable instrument that transformed speech into electrical impulses (脉冲) that could then be changed back into human speech at the end of a wire. In 1877, he and Mabel were married. He later became an American citizen.
Alexander Graham Bell was showered with the praise of the world. Honors came to him from all the points of the compass. He went on to other discoveries, many of them. But in his own view, he was most proud of his efforts to help the deaf. So, when the government of France awarded him the Volta Prize for inventing the telephone, he combined this monetary award with the money he made from selling the patent on another invention to establish the Volta Bureau in Washington, D. C. Its purpose was to fund research on deafness. Today, it is called the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Its role has been changed to providing the latest information for the deaf of the world on how best to deal with their disability.
6. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase "bitten by"?
A. Fed up with.
B. Familiar with.
C. In harmony with.
D. Enthusiastic about.
7. What does the author say about Bell?
A. He married a deaf woman.
B. He taught the deaf to use telephones.
C. He was funded by a merchant.
D. He was inspired by his father to invent telephones.【出处：21教育名师】
8. What may the paragraph that follows be about?
A. The development of the Association.
B. Examples of Bell’s other inventions.
C. Something about Bell’s family.
D. Bell’s death and his influence.

1. （2016·北京）______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
A. Ordering B. To order
C. Having ordered D. Ordered
2. （2016·北京）My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, ________ he’s in his nineties.
A. as long as B. as if
C. even though D. in case
3. （2015·浙江）One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.
A. production B. stress
C. energy D. passive
4. （2015·北京）If ______for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
A .to accept B. accept
C. accepting D. accepted
5. （2015·重庆）If you miss this chance, it may be years ____ you get another one.
A. as B. before C. since D. after
6. （2014·陕西） Ralph W. Emerson would always ______ new ideas that occurred to him.
A. set off B. set about
C. set up D. set down
K基础
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．convenient　 2．distinguish　 3．expectation　 4．passive　 5．caution　
6．valid　 7．patent　 8．abrupt　 9．file　 10．criteria
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1．did they return　 2．now and then　 3．Asked about　
4．set about　 5．distinguish between；and
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．or→and　 2.off→up　 3.rebuild→rebuilding　 4.abrupt→abruptly　5.merry→merrily
Ⅳ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
1. prepare for 2. decided on 3. as before 4. in the expectation
5. on file 6. set out 7. called up 8. now and then
9. set about 10. distinguished hinmself
K能力
Ⅰ. 完形填空
【语篇解读】文章介绍了电梯创始人Elisha Otis及其改进的电梯。
1. D 由上文的"not interested in riding an elevator"以及下文的"people’s fears"可知,那时的人们认为电梯很 "危险(dangerous)"。
7. A 由下文的"lift thousands of pounds of machinery"可知,重型设备要被吊到二楼。lift up"吊起,抬起"。
8. C 由下文对当时的电梯的描述可知,Otis要建造的电梯必须能安全运送设备。safely"安全地"。
9. C 由第一段中的"To improve elevators"可知,Otis尝试对当时的电梯进行"改进(improve)"。
10. B 由下文对电梯的描述可知,当时的电梯"过于(too much)"依赖单根绳索。
11. C 一旦绳索断裂,没有什么东西可以防止电梯"坠落(falling)"。
12. A Otis认为用当时的电梯系统运送上千磅的设备是非常"冒险的(risky)"。
13. C 绳索断裂、电梯坠落引发的是"灾难(disaster)"。
14. D Otis改进的电梯的优势是:"如果(If)"绳索断了,安全弹簧会立刻把电梯平台牢牢地固定。
15. B 由下文中的"At the Crystal Palace Exposition in New York, a crowd gathered"可知,Otis得到"展示 (show)"自己的安全电梯的机会。
16. B Otis要展示的是他的"发明(invention)"——安全电梯。
17. C Otis让工作人员"切断(cut)"了电梯绳索。
18. A 绳索断裂,电梯平台突然开始下降,故选Suddenly。
19. D 由"But, to their surprise" 可知,看到电梯坠落,人们很"害怕(frightened)"。
20. B 由上文中的"　?? 　?the rope broke, the safety spring would at once lock the platform in place" 可知,令 人们吃惊的是,电梯仅仅下降了几英寸就"停住(stop)"了。
II. 七选五型阅读理解
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了Strauss发明牛仔裤的过程，他对美国服装业做出了巨大贡献。
1. F【解析】根据本空前的“For over one hundred and fifty years, Americans of all social classes have worn blue jeans.”可知，此处承接上文，说的是自从牛仔裤被发明以来，它就成为了美国消费文化的象征，F项中 的they指代的就是前面的“blue jeans”，故F项符合语境。
2. A【解析】根据本空后的“He grew up in Kentucky before moving to New York in 1847,”可知，此处讲的应该 是他小时候的事情，故A项符合语境。
4. C【解析】根据本空前的“Because Davis did not have the money to patent his idea, he offered to share it with Strauss if Strauss would agree to pay for the patent.”可知，此处承接上文，讲的是李维斯牛仔裤用金属铆 钉了，故C项符合语境。
5. E【解析】根据本空后的“The business has been growing ever since and Levi Strauss & Company is now one of the largest clothing companies in the world.”可知，此处是说Strauss对美国的服装业做出了巨大贡献。
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了拉链的发明过程，它是由芝加哥的机械工程师Whitcomb Judson用了22年的时间发明的。
1. B【解析】句意理解题。根据第一段中的“No one knows what gave him the idea. No one even knows much about him”可知，Whitcomb Judson的拉链出乎意料的发明，没有人知道谁给他的主意。
2. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Judson invented the first zipper in 1891. This ingenious little device looks very simple, and the principle behind it is simple, too”及第四段中的“After several attempts, Sundback invented a really practical fastener in 1913.”可知，发明第一条真正实用的拉链经历了1891到1913共22 年的时间。
4. D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“A Navy officer happened to see the tests, and Judson’s unknown little company got an order for ten thousand fasteners.”可知，一个海军上校恰巧看到关于Whitcomb Judson 的发明的测试使他的小公司接到了一万件的订单，这才使得拉链有了更广阔的市场，由此可知这有一 定的运气使然。
5. C【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Do you know who invented the slide-fastener, or rather, the zipper? No one thought of anything like the zipper until Whitcomb Judson came along.”可知，本 文主要介绍了拉链的发明过程。
B
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章简单介绍了有关贝尔的情况、他的伟大发明以及他对聋人的贡献。
6. D【解析】考查词义猜测。根据画线部分后的"the workings of the human voice, how it is produced and used, and especially teaching the deaf how to use it, young Alexander Graham Bell grew up with his father’s such strong feelings"可知,Bell伴着父亲的这种强烈的感情长大,再根据第三段中提到的Bell教聋人说话可 知,Bell的父亲应是热衷于人类的声音。故D项"对……感兴趣,热衷于……"与画线部分意义相近。
7. A【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"his success in teaching the deaf to speak brought him to the attention of a wealthy merchant in Boston who wanted Bell to help her daughter, Mabel"可知,Bell在教聋人说话方面 的成功使他被一名波士顿富商注意到,他想请Bell帮帮他的女儿Mabel,由此可推知,Mabel也是一名聋 人。后来Bell和Mabel结婚了,因此A项"Bell娶了一名聋人"正确。　D项干扰性比较大,考生选D项的 依据是"young Alexander Graham Bell grew up with his father’s such strong feelings",但是这句话传递的信 息是Bell受到他父亲热衷人类声音、教聋人说话等的影响,并不是说Bell发明电话是从他父亲那里得到 的启发。根据第三段中的"It was she who inspired him to develop the then remarkable instrument... at the end of a wire"可知,Bell是受到了Mabel的启发而发明电话的,故排除D项。
8. D【解析】考查推理判断。本题初看四个选项,仿佛每项的内容都可以入选,但是第四段已经简单介绍了 Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing的前身和现在的作用,因此下一段不会 再介绍它的发展了;第四段中提到Bell有多项发明,但他最为自豪的还是帮助聋人的努力,并且建立了一 个帮助聋人的组织,因此下一段也不会介绍他的其他发明;第二段和第三段已经提到了Bell的父亲和妻 子了,因此下一段亦不会再介绍他的家人。本文介绍了Bell的成长环境、移居加拿大、结婚、成为美国 公民、获奖等人生大事,可推知本文的写作目的是简要介绍Bell的生平和成就,因此下一段很可能会提到 Bell的逝世和他的影响。
K真题
1. D【解析】句意：(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。Books和order是动宾关系，即 order books/books are ordered，故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered...，故选D。
3. B【解析】句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。A. production意为产品， B. stress意为压力， C. energy意为能源， D. passive意为力量。此题考查的是4个名词的词义辨析， 需要正确理解该句的语义。根据常识可以知道，和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是B。 stress 意为压力。
4. D【解析】句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you，与accept构 成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。故选D。
5. B【解析】as 因为；before在……之前；since由于；after在……之后。句意：如果你错过这次机会，可
能要等几年的时间才会再有。It be 时间段 before…表示要……多么才会……，故选B项。
6. D【解析】set off出发, 动身 使爆炸, 点燃, 发射 使(某人)开始做, 使发火; 触发；set about 开始, 着手 [口] 攻击 散布(谣言)；set up竖起; 建起 安装 设立, 开办 资助(某人), 扶持(某人)建立事业；set down 放 下, 搁下 让(乘客)下车; 把(东西)卸下车 记下, 登记。根据句意：Ralph W. Emerson总是愿意写下他突 然想起的新主意。故选D。

Unit3 Inventors and inventions
3.2 Learning about Language & Using Language
重点
单词
1．_______ adj. 冰冻的；严寒的→freeze vt. & vi. 冻结；凝固→freezer n. 冰
箱；冷冻器；冷冻机
2．_______ n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明→identify vt. 确认；鉴定
3．________adj. 清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocence n. 清白；无罪；无知
4．________ vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担→bearable adj. 忍得住的；可忍受的
5．________ n. (水或气)流；电流　adj. 现在的；当前的→currently adv. 现
在；目前→currency n. 通货；货币；通用；流行
6．_________adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的→stabilize vt. 使稳定；使稳固
→stability n. 稳定；安定；稳定性
7．________vt. 联想；联系　n. 同伴；伙伴→association n. 联盟；联想
→associated adj. 有关联的；相关的
8．_________adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的→practically adv. 实际上；事实
上→practice vt. & vi. & n. 实践；练习
重要
短语
1．_________ 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住
2．_________ 次序颠倒；发生故障
3．_________ 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)； (设法)做完；通过
4．_________ 回复电话
5．_________ 挂断电话
6．_________ 迅速把手伸入；一心投入
7．set out(to do) _________
8．beaten track ___________
9．_________ associate...with...
10．__________ dynamic spirits
11．__________ be fully aware of
12．__________ experiment with
关键句型
1．Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never
seen before.
当你这么做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。
2．Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have
something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得你思考的东西占据着你的头脑。
【答案】　
重点单词
1. freezing 2. identification 3. innocent 4. bear 5. current
6. stable 7. associate 8. practical
重要单词
之单词篇
1. identification n．鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明
?Jewellery identification is a hard job．
珠宝鉴定不是一件容易的工作。
?He used a letter of introduction as identification．
他用一封介绍信作为身份的证明。
【知识拓展】
identification card 身份证
identify vt．认出；识别；表明；发现vi．一致，变成一致
identify with sb．与……产生共鸣
identify sb．/sth．as sb．/sth．认定，认为……等同于……
identical adj．同一的；一模一样的
?I identified my lost bike．我认出了我那辆丢了的自行车。
?Never identify wealth with happiness．千万不要把财富和幸福等同起来。
?We have identical views on these problems．
在这些问题上我们有完全一致的看法。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①鉴定坠机意外伤亡者的工作费时且困难重重。
________ ________ of the crash victims was a long and difficult task．2·1·c·n·j·y
②人们排成一行等待确认身份。
A line of people is formed for ________．
③我识别不出这是谁的签字。
I can’t ________ this signature．
④她与外籍教师打成一片。
She ________ ________ ________ foreign teachers．【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
⑤她在两个场合穿戴同一套衣服。
She wore ______ ______ ________ on both occasions．21教育名师原创作品
2. bear v．忍受；忍耐；负担
bear/stand/tolerate doing sth．忍受做某事
bear sb．to do sth．忍受某人做某事
?The ice is too thin to bear your weight.
冰太薄，承受不住你的重量。
?I can’t bear being kept waiting．我无法忍受长时间的等候。
?Bearing a heavy burden，she has to work hard to bring up her children.
肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子。
?Her late works doesn’t bear comparision with her earlier novels．
她后期的作品比不上她早期的小说。
?She bore the responsibility for most of the changes．她对大多数变革负责。
【图解记忆】
【知识拓展】

bear up 忍耐；坚强起来
bear sb．/sth．out 证实；为……作证
bear with sb．/sth．耐心对待某人或某事；容忍某人或某事
bear sth．in mind 牢记
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①I can’t________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(忍受不了和这样一个人合作)．www.21-cn-jy.com
②I can’t________ ________ ________ ________ (忍受被嘲笑)in public．
③You must________ ________ ________ ________(记住)that your parents hope that you will make a
breakthrough in this field one day．
【答案】
①bear teaming up with such a man　
②bear being laughed at/to be laughed at　
③bear/keep it in mind
3. current
（1）n．(水或气)流；电流
?Birds use warm air currents to help their flight．
鸟利用暖气流助飞。
（2）n．趋向；思潮；潮流
?Ministers are worried about this current of antigovernment feeling．
部长们对这股反政府情绪感到担忧。
（3）adj．(通常作定语)现在的；当前的；通用的；流通的
?In its current state，the car is worth ￡1,000．
按目前的状况，这辆小汽车值1000英镑。
【知识拓展】

the current year 今年
a strong current 急流
air/electrical current 气流/电流
current fashions/events/prices 时装/时事/现价
They are expecting profits of over $3 million in the current year．
他们期盼着今年有三百多万的利润。
She likes current fashions very much．
她很喜欢时装。
【跟踪典例】
①汉译英
他逆着急流游向岸边。
_________________________________________________
②用恰当词语填空
The________(水流)is the strongest in the middle of the river．
【答案】①He swam to the shore against a strong current． ②current
4. stable adj．稳定的；稳固的；安定的
?The ladder doesn’t seem very stable．这个梯子好像不太稳。
?He was clearly not a very stable person．很明显，他不是一个很沉稳的人。
?This is a politically stable country．这是一个政治上稳定的国家。
【易混辨析】stable/firm/steady
这些形容词都有“稳固的”之意。
(1)stable多指根基牢固，平衡良好，也指性格或位置等的稳定，不可移动或改变。
?A stable government is essential to economic growth．
稳定的政府对经济增长是重要的。
(2)firm指牢固不可动摇或意志、信仰的坚定。
?I don’t think the chair is firm enough to stand on．
我觉得这椅子不够稳固，不能站人。
(3)steady指保持平衡不动摇。用于有形物时，指没有根基的稳固，也指动中的稳。
?The price of fruits remains steady．水果的价格保持稳定。
【跟踪典例】
用恰当词语填空
Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature，thus creating a ________ environment．
5. associate vt.联想；联系；n.同伴；伙伴
associate sb./sth.with sb./sth.把……和……联系在一起；由……联想到……
be associated with...和……有关
associate with sb.与某人交往或常打交道
?The first step to making friends is associating with other people.
交朋友的第一步就是要跟他人联系。
?You must bear in mind that you should never associate with bad companions.
你必须要牢记千万别和坏人交往。
?He is closely associated in the public mind with horror movies.
在公众的心目中，他总是和恐怖电影紧密联系在一起。
【知识拓展】

associated company 联营公司
association n. 协会；社会；联系；关系；关联
in association with 与……合伙/合作
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①I've never ________________(把你和这个地方联系在一起)．
②We ________________(由礼物联想到圣诞节)．
【答案】
①associated you with this place ②associate presents with Christmas
之短语篇
1. dive into
(1)迅速把手伸入
?She dived into her bag and took out a couple of coins.
她立即将手伸进包里拿出几枚硬币。
(2)跳水
?The boy dived into the river from the bridge.
这男孩子从桥上跳入河中。
?The man dived into the sea to save the drowning child.
这人跳入海中去救溺水的孩子。
(3)对活动、问题等?一心投入，潜心研究
?He dived into the history of China.他潜心研究中国历史。
?He dived into the American culture.他潜心研究美国文化。
【知识拓展】
go diving 去潜水
make a dive for sth. 冲过去拿某物?
take a dive into the subject埋头该问题中
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①Professor Smith ________________ a new project.
史密斯教授正在潜心钻研一个新的项目。
②The main purpose of his holiday to Greece is to ________________.21·世纪*教育网
他到希腊度假的主要目的就是去潜水。
【答案】
①is taking a dive into ②go diving
2. hang on不挂断；紧紧握住；稍等
?The line was engaged and the operator asked if I’d like to hang on．
电话占线了，话务员问我是否愿意等一下(别挂断电话)。
?It’s hard work but if you hang on you’ll succeed in the end．
这是件困难的工作，但如果你坚持不懈，最后是能成功的。
【知识拓展】
hang on作“别挂断，坚持”讲时等于hold on。
hang back畏缩不前；退缩
hang up挂起；挂断电话
hang about拖延；闲逛
hang out常去某处；泡在某处
get the hang of了解；熟悉
?Don’t hang back in the face of difficulties．不要因为困难而却步。
?You hang out with that car more than you hang out with your own son．
你在那辆车上花的时间，比你用在儿子身上的时间还要多。
【跟踪典例】
①She ________ the phone angrily before I could speak．
②________ a minute，I’m just coming．
③I don’t like to see all these youths ________ street corners．
④________ the rope； don’t let it go．
【答案】
①hung up　 ②Hang on　 ③hanging about ④Hang on to
3. out of order
（1）(机器或设备等)发生故障，失灵
?My watch was out of order．我的手表出故障了。
（2）次序颠倒(紊乱)；排列错误
?I checked the files and some of the papers were out of order．
我检查过案卷，其中有些未按顺序编排。
【知识拓展】
(1)out of order的反义词组：
in order整齐，状况良好，适宜，按顺序
(2)类似的短语有：
out of breath上气不接下气
out of control失去控制
out of danger脱离危险
out of date过时的，过期的
out of place不合适的(不相称的，不适合的)
out of question毫无疑问，一定，当然
out of reach够不着
out of sight看不见，在视野之外
out of touch失去联系
out of work失业

?I’ll see that everything is in good order when the guests arrive．
客人来时我会把一切都料理得井井有条的。
?His idea is really out of date．他的想法太过时了。
?I’m out of touch with most of the friends of my school days．
我和大部分学生时代的朋友们都失去联系了。
【跟踪典例】
①狂风暴雨使交通运输秩序太乱。
The violent storm made the transportation system ______ ________ ________．
②经过抢救，病人终于脱险。
The patient was finally ________ ________ ________ after the emergency treatment．
③那男孩爬上树，但仍够不到树上的苹果。
The boy climbed the tree，but the apples were still ________ ________ ________ ________．
【答案】
①out of order　 ②out of danger　 ③out of his reach
4. get through设法联系上(尤指打电话)；(设法)做完；通过(考试)；成功
?I tried several times，but couldn’t get through．
我打了好几次电话，但都没打通。
?We were very glad when we heard that you had got through your exam．
听说你考试及格了，我们都很高兴。
?The government managed to get the new law through．政府终于通过了新的法案。
?These children got through with their homework at school．
这些孩子在学校就把家庭作业完成了。
【知识拓展】

get across被理解，被传达；把……讲清楚
get away with干了(坏事)而不受处罚
get down to开始认真做……(to为介词)
get over克服
get rid of摆脱；除去

?Did your speech get across to the audience？
你的演说听众都懂了吗？
?It is time that they got down to doing their work．
是他们该开始认真干活的时候了。
?Let’s get rid of this old furniture．咱们把这件旧家具扔掉吧。
【跟踪典例】
(1)用适当的介副词填空
①Once you want to do something，you must get down ________ doing it well．
②Your meaning didn’t really get ________．
③He decided to get rid ______ his bad habit himself．
④I rang you several times but couldn’t get ________．
(2)用get短语填空
I tried phoning her office，but I couldn’t________ ________．
5．ring sb．back 回复电话
?You can ring him back if you are free．
如果你有空的话给他回个电话。
?I didn’t get through just now but soon he rang back．
刚才我没接通(电话)，但很快他就打了回来。
【知识拓展】

ring off挂断
ring out发出响亮而清晰的声音
ring sb．up给某人打电话
ring round给各处打电话
?I’ll ring you up tonight．今晚我要给你打电话。
?A pistol shot rang out．发令枪响了。
【跟踪典例】
①I will________ ________(回复电话)as soon as I find something wrong．www-2-1-cnjy-com
②John rang you；he wanted you to________ him ________(给……回电话)．
③I’ll have to________ ________(挂断电话)now．I have a train to catch．
④Can you________ ________(别挂断)？I’ll try to find her．
【答案】
①ring back　 ②ring；back　 ③ring off/hang up ④hold on/hang on
之句式篇
1. However，she suggested that I should produce a perfume from my new lily．
然而，她建议我应该从我的新百合花中生产香水。
本句中含有虚拟语气，suggest(建议)，recommend(建议)，order(命令)，demand(要求)等动词后接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语形式为“should＋动词原形”，should常可省略。
?I suggest that he (should) apply for the job．
我建议他申请这份工作。
?He demanded that he (should) be told everything．他要求将一切都告诉他。
注意：suggest作“表明，暗示”讲时，其后的从句要用陈述语气。
?His red face suggested he was lying．
他脸红了，这说明他在撒谎。
【名师点津】

英语中一些表示“命令，建议，要求”的动词所跟的从句需要用
虚拟语气。如：insist，demand，suggest，propose，order，arrange，【出处：21教育名师】
command，require，request，desire等动词引导宾语从句时，
从句的谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。
记住这些动词的小窍门：
i—insist，d—demand，r—request/require/recommend，o—order，
p—propose，c—command，a—advise，s—suggest
【跟踪典例】
用恰当形式填空
①The teacher suggested that everyone ________ (go)there by bike．
②The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ________(suggest)that we may need a nationwide
campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking．
2. Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before．
每次你这样做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。
本句是一个主从复合句，其中every time在此句中引导时间状语从句；that引导定语从句，先行词为something。
【知识拓展】

every time，each time，next time，immediately，
the moment，the minute等可用从属连词，引导时间状语从句。
?The moment I got off the train，I saw my father．
我一下火车就看到了我的父亲。
?Every time he comes here，he asks me for money．
每次来，他都向我要钱。
?Immediately he turned up at the airport，he was surrounded
by the reporters．
他一出现在机场，就被记者包围了。
【跟踪典例】
①我一看见她就把她认出来了。
I recognized her ________ I saw her．
②每次我看见她，她都是一幅幸福的样子。
________ ________ I see her，she looks happy．
【答案】
①immediately/instantly/directly
②Every time
3. Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about 21*cnjy*com
to occupy your mind．
跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞在你的头脑。
本句中含有重要结构：“祈使句＋and＋(表结果的)简单句”，祈使句表示“条件”，简单句表示“结果”，通常使用一般将来时。句型“祈使句＋and＋(表结果的)简单句”的意义为“干某事，那么就会……”；“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋(表结果的)简单句”的意义为“干某事，否则就会……”，连词or可用 or else/otherwise替代。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
?Work hard and(＝If you work hard)you will pass your examinations．
你若用功，考试就能及格。
?Arrive late once more and (＝If you arrive late once more) you’re fired．
你再迟到一次，就把你开除。
?Turn the heat down or your cake will burn．
把热度调低吧，要不蛋糕就要糊了。
?Run or else you’ll be late．快跑，不然你要迟到了。
?Put the cap back on the bottle，otherwise the juice will spill．
把瓶盖儿盖好，要不汁液就洒出来了。
【跟踪典例】
You have to move out of the way ________ the truck cannot get past you．
4. One day as he was experimenting with one end of a straw joined to a deaf man’s ear drum and the other to
a piece of smoked glass，Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear，the straw drew sound waves on the
glass．
有一天做实验，他把一根干草的一端和一个聋子的耳鼓膜连接起来，干草的另一端与一块被烟熏过的玻璃相连接。贝尔发现，当他对着耳朵说话的时候，这根干草就把声波画在玻璃上。
本句的主语是Bell，谓语是noticed，that引导了一个宾语从句，在这个宾语从句中又有一个由when引导的时间状语从句；as引导一个时间状语从句，过去分词短语joined to a deaf man’s ear drum作后置定语，修饰straw；the other to a piece of smoked glass是个省略句，可补充为the other end of the straw joined to a piece of smoked glass。
【知识拓展】

并列句中的省略常有以下几种情况：
（1）如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的那部分。
?John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework．
约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。
（2）主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略。
?His suggestions made John happy，but (his suggestions made) Mary angry．
他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。
（3）主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。
?Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while，but (he) soon returned to his old ways．
老迈克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。
（3）在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语
等其他一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。
?Jack will sing at the party，but I know John won’t (sing at the party)．
杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌。
【跟踪典例】
用恰当词语或形式填空
①The police still haven’t found the lost child，but they’re doing all they ________．
②It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular，and ________ (introduce)better ones of your own．
②introducing　句意：什么东西使得“方便”食品如此流行值得考虑，引进你自己的更好的(方便食品)也值
得考虑。introducing better ones of your own是“It is worth considering introducing better ones of your own”
的省略形式。
5. But he found the problem difficult to solve．但是他发现这个问题很难解决。
find＋n．(宾语)＋adj．(宾补)＋to do(to do作状语修饰adj．)是find＋it＋adj．(宾补)＋to do sth．(it是形式宾语，to do sth．是真正的宾语)的变式21·cn·jy·com
注意：“to do”形式中当“do”为不及物动词时，应在后面加上适当的介词。并且动词不定式使用一般式。
?The man found the river dangerous to swim in．＝The man found it dangerous to swim in the river．
这个人发现在这条河里游泳很危险。
【知识拓展】

find后的宾语可以是名词或代词，而补语则可由许多成分充当：
(1)find＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语。如：
?I seldom found him out．我很少发现他外出。
?When I woke up I found myself in a hospital．
当我醒来时，我发现自己在医院里。
(2)find＋宾语＋现在分词。如：
?They found the lost boy hiding in the cave．
他们发现那个失踪的男孩藏在洞里。
(3)find＋宾语＋过去分词。如：
?We found the place outside greatly changed．我们发现外面全变了。
(4)find＋宾语＋名词。如：
?I find him an easy man to work with．我觉得他是个容易共事的人。
【跟踪典例】
用恰当形式填空
①I found him easy ________(get along)．
②I like getting up very early in summer．The morning air is so good________(breathe)．
③They found the lecture hard________(understand)； they all felt sleepy．
【答案】
①to get along with　句意：我发现他很容易相处。本题属于find＋n．(宾语)＋adj．(宾补)＋to do结构，在 21教育网
此结构中要求to do使用一般式，并且当do为不及物动词时，应加上适当的介词。
②to breathe　句意：在夏季，我喜欢早起。呼吸早晨的空气有益于身心。本句还可以转换为：It is so good(for
us)to breathe the morning air．不定式(短语)修饰作表语或补足语的形容词时，通常采用主动形式表示被动
含义。
③to understand　句意：他们发现这个讲座很难懂，所以他们都有恹恹欲睡的感觉。不定式修饰作表语或补足语的
形容词时，如果和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常采用主动形式表示被动含义。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There are many________(精力充沛的) and ambitious people in our company．
2．Strong________(水流) can be very dangerous for swimmers．
3．They provide financial and________(实际的) help for disabled students．
4．He sees local history as an________(延伸) of family history．
5．Students will gain________(能力，技能)in a wide range of skills．
6．He turned as someone t______him on the shoulder．
7．Don’t worry！ He is said to be in a s______condition in hospital．
8．You’d better avoid being a______with such dishonest people．
9．The book was translated into many v______and sold all over the world．
10．A copy should be sent to the P______Department for our files．
Ⅱ. 用所给短语的适当形式填空
contribute to；　in a mess；　deal with；　　set out；　　dive into； 　
out of order； make oneself understood； get through； associate…with…；
ring back
1．When the rain started, we ________________ a cafe.
2．Sorry, she's just gone out. Will you like to ________________ later?
3．She ________________ happiness ________________ having money.
4．My phone was ________________， so that was why you could not get in touch with me.
5．She had to lower her head to ________________ the low doorway.
6．They ________________ on the last stage of their journey.【版权所有：21教育】
7．Lily is lazy and her room is ________________.
8．His researches ________________ the progress of science.
9．I think this problem should be ________________ quickly.
10．He is so nervous that he can't ________________.
Ⅲ. 单句语法填空
1．Happiness is commonly ________(associate) with having a lot of money.
2．These events provided the ________(inspire) for her first book.
3．It is so cold and ________(freeze) that we have to stay at home.
4．He，who is very ________，found himself ________with foreign companies and no one questioned
his________.(compete)
5．His father died ________(expect)，and it was ten years since they were last together.
6．John thought it would be ________for Jane to learn to play the piano because she had no fingers on her right
hand，so we must put our plans into________.(practical)
7．He is always so busy with his work that he has no choices but to go to see his parents ________(occasion)．
8．As a student we have many ________(beat) tracks to obey in school.
9．It was Bell’s exploring around problems________his dynamic spirit that led to the most famous invention—the
telephone in 1876.
10．________you start your trip，you have to check your package to see________you have made everything ready.
11．________he was studying under Verrocchio，Leonardo observed and used a variety of machines，
________helped him gain knowledge about their design and structure.
12．Leonardo da Vinci learned to design ________his employer wanted：cities，canals，bridges or weapons.21世纪教育网版权所有
Ⅳ. 完成句子
1．I can't bear ________________(人家叫我长时间等候)．
2．You'd better not go out because ________________(外面非常冷)．
3．I tried ringing you several times yesterday, ________________(可是都没接通)．(get)
4．The line was engaged and the operator asked if I'd like ________________(等一下)．(hang)
5．It is very important ________________(保持课堂秩序)．(order)
6．Having made up his mind, he ________________(开始执行) the plan.
7．________________(她跳入水中) excellently won great cheers.
8．There are many serious health problems ________________(与吸烟有关)．
9．I'll ________________(不得不把电话挂上) now, I have a train to catch.
10．In fact we ________________ the crime.(innocent)
事实上，我们是无辜的。
11．He ________________ the shoulder.(tap)
他拍了一下我的肩膀。
12．I'll tell him __________________ he gets here.(moment)
他一到这儿，我就告诉他。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Imagine making your own bicycle. You can do it at the Bamboo Bike Studio in New York City. The people who work at the studio teach customers how to build their own bikes from bamboo. “Bamboo is very user-friendly，” says Marty Odlin, one of the studio’s owners. “There’s no way that a non-expert could build a steel bike within a weekend. But with bamboo, it’s possible.”
The Bamboo Bike Studio is also helping set up factories in Ghana, a country in western Africa. The factories will produce inexpensive bamboo bikes in large numbers. If that is successful, it might mean new jobs and inexpensive transportation for the people of that country.
Bamboo bikes are a natural fit in Ghana because bamboo grows everywhere throughout the country. It also grows in many places in the United States. Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants in the world. It can grow up to 40 inches in a single day. And bamboo has qualities that make it as good as steel for building a durable, comfortable vehicle. A bamboo bike, says Odlin, is “the perfect everyday bike”．
In Ghana, bikes are in high demand. Few people have enough money to afford a car, so bikes are used to transport most of the country’s food and material goods. The people of Ghana are also too poor to buy traditional steel bikes. But producing bicycles from bamboo is a good alternative.
Back in New York, Odlin has helped customers aged 12 to 70 build bamboo bikes. It takes about a weekend to learn how to put one together. Odlin says he also wants his customers to develop a new respect for what they own. “It requires patience to build these bikes，” he says. “It causes people to appreciate the products. In America, we have too much stuff, so we don’t appreciate what we have.”
1. We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.
A. bamboo bikes are more popular than steel bikes
B. bamboo bikes are easy to build
C. customers can choose an expert for themselves at the studio
D. customers are not likely to build a bamboo bike on their own within a weekend
2. Which of the following is a benefit that bamboo bike factories can bring to Ghana?
A. More job opportunities.
B. More bamboo farms.
C. Fewer traffic problems.
D. Less competition from foreigners.
3. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The advantages of bamboo bikes.
B. Good qualities of bamboo.
C. How to help people in Ghana.
D. Why producing bamboo bikes is a good idea for Ghana.
4. According to Odlin, ________.
A. it is more meaningful to use bamboo bikes in America than in Ghana
B. the bamboo bike factories in Ghana need more support from American people
C. American people are expected to learn a lesson from building bamboo bikes
D. American people should contribute what they don’t need to poor countries
B
You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That’s why he created Lampbrella，a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella.
The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia, “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy (伞篷) built into a street lamp，” he said.
The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors (传感器) then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor, there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.
According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed (安装) at 2 metres off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
5. For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?
A. To predict a heavy rain.
B. To check the weather forecast.
C. To protect people from the rain.
D. To remind people to take an umbrella.
6. What do we know from Belyaev’s words in Paragraph 2?
A. His creation was inspired by an experience.
B. It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.
C. Street lamps are protected by canopies.
D. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.
7. Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?
A. motor→canopy→sensors
B. sensors→motor→canopy
C. motor→sensors→canopy
D. canopy→motor→sensors
8. What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?
A. Its moving speed. B. Its appearance.
C. Its installation. D. Its safety.
Ⅱ. 七选五型阅读理解
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When choosing Chinese universities, it is necessary for students to take both university conditions and self qualifications into consideration.?　1　The following factors should be considered carefully before making decisions.
Students’ graduation result
Students’ graduation result provided during the application is the key reference for the university to decide whether to admit or not. The stronger comprehensive strength and better reputation the university has, the stricter requirement for students’ graduation result will be.?? ?2
Economy conditions
The cost of the study in China is relatively cheap, while daily expenses are not exactly the same in different areas. In Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other developed coastal cities, the daily expense can be relatively higher than that of inland. These cities’ living conditions are relatively better and entertainment and recreational facilities are richer. Therefore, when choosing universities, your economy factor needs to be taken into account.
　3　
China is a large country and the northern and southern China has many differences in climate and diet custom.?　4　Students need to consider whether the climate, traffic, diet, and culture of the city that university lies in are as expected before applying, so as to choose suitable universities.
Professional or comprehensive strength
In China, universities can be divided into comprehensive and professional two kinds. Which is more important, professional strength or comprehensive strength??　5　If you want to make achievement in professional field, we suggest that you consider professional kind of university. If you want to get diploma of a university which is comprehensive strength strong and well-known, the comprehensive kind of university may be better meet your demand.
A. Location preference
B. Each city has its own characteristics.
C. There is no absolute answer actually.
D. Students sometimes get stuck when choosing majors.
E. Everyone hopes to choose suitable Chinese university reasonably.
F. You should make a reasonable assessment about self-qualifications.
G. So apply for a suitable university according to your graduation result.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/)，并在其下面写出该加的词；
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉；
修改：在错词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
If someone falls off a bicycle and hurts his leg, what will you do for him? Firstly, he can tie a piece of clean cloth and a handkerchief around the injured leg, so that the leg will stop bleeding. If the legs bleeds badly, please apply pressure to the wound. Though possible, you can wash the wound with water to remove the earth or dirt. Secondly, check and ask him carefully, leaving him lying where he was. Never move him in case further injury. Thirdly, if the situation is emergently, you have to dial 120 to call for the ambulance. Meanwhile, you should be take good care of him and give him comfort and encouragement, which can make the injured person relaxing and reduce his pain.
1. (2015·安徽)They believe that there are transport developments ______ that will bring a lot of changes for the
better.
A. out of date B. out of order C. around the clock D. around the corner
2. (2014·湖北)I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network;
I can’t seem to_____.
A. get through B. get off C. get in D. get along
K基础
Ⅰ.单词拼写
Ⅱ. 用所给短语的适当形式填空
1．dived into　 2．ring back　 3．associated; with　 4．out of order　
5．get through　 6．set out 　 7．in a mess　 8．contributed to　
9．dealt with　 10．make himself understood
Ⅲ. 单句语法填空
1. associated 2. inspiration 3. freezing
4. competent；competing；competence 5. unexpectedly 21*cnjy*com
6. impractical ；practice 7. occasionally
8. beaten 9. and 10. Before；if/whether
11. While；which 12. whatever
Ⅳ. 完成句子
K能力
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】你听说过竹制自行车吗？它们既时髦又有意义。
1. B【解析】推理判断题。从第一段的“Bamboo is very user-friendly，” says Marty Odlin, one of the studio’s owners. “There’s no way that a non-expert could build a steel bike within a weekend. But with bamboo, it’s possible.” 可知B项正确。
2. A【解析】细节理解题。从第二段的“If that is successful, it might mean new jobs and inexpensive transportation for the people of that country.”可知答案。
3. D【解析】主旨大意题。第四段主要是在讲加纳人因经济状况而对便宜的自行车有极大的需求，所以该段 主要是在解释为什么生产竹制自行车对加纳来说是个好主意。
4. C【解析】推理判断题。从最后一段的“Odlin says he also wants his customers to develop a new respect for what they own.”及后面的内容可知C项正确。
B
【语篇解读】本文为说明文，主要介绍了俄罗斯设计师Mikhail Belyaev将路灯和雨伞结合在一起设计的创意路灯。当感应到有不测风雨之时，路灯就会自动展开雨伞，供没带雨具的行人避雨。
5. C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句可知，雨天忘记带伞的人并不一定会被淋湿，这是他创造
路灯雨伞的原因。故正确选项为C项。
6. A【解析】细节理解题。从第二段可知，他看见人们雨天被淋后，路灯的灯光照在那些避雨的人们身上， 就有了灵感，想到了创造这样一个路灯雨伞，选项A正确。2-1-c-n-j-y
Ⅱ. 七选五型阅读理解
【语篇解读】文章主要讲述在选择中国大学的时候，应该考虑到哪些因素。
1. E 考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。根据后面一句“在做决定之前应该仔细考虑以下的这些因素”可以推 断出前一句应该是“每一个人理所当然的都想选择合适的学校”。故选E。
2. G 考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。根据小标题“毕业学生的成果”，可推断出学生选择大学应该考虑毕 业学生的成果。故选G。
3. A 考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。根据第一段“中国是一个很大的国家，所以南方和北方在气候和饮 食方面有很大的不同”，可以推断出，选大学也要考虑对地域和城市的喜好。故选A。
4. B 考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。根据前面一句“南方和北方在天气和饮食方面有很大的差异”，所以 后一句应讲不同的城市有不同的特点。B选项“每个城市都有自己的特点”符合题意。故选B。21cnjy.com
5. C 考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。前一句“选择专业性的大学还是选择综合性大学的？”是问句，所以 后面应该给出答案。C选项没有绝对的答案。符合语境。故选C。
Ⅲ. 短文改错
If someone falls off a bicycle and hurts his leg, what will you do for him? Firstly,???can tie a piece of clean cloth???a handkerchief around the injured leg, so that the leg will stop bleeding. If the???bleeds badly, please apply pressure to the wound.???possible, you can wash the wound with water to remove the earth or dirt. Secondly, check and ask him carefully, leaving him lying where he??. Never move him in case???further injury. Thirdly, if the situation is??, you have to dial 120 to call for??ambulance. Meanwhile, you should?be?take good care of him and give him comfort and encouragement, which can make the injured person???and reduce his pain.
【解析】
第一处：根据前一句“what will you do for him?”可知，此处指“你可以……”。故he改you。
第二处：此处指“一块干净的布或者一个手绢”故and改or。
第三处：根据前面的内容可知，此处用单数，举例子“一条腿”。故legs改leg。
第四处：句意“如果可能的话，你可以用水冲洗伤口，去除泥土或污垢”。此处说明的一个条件。故Though 改If。
第九处：根据句意，此处不是被动含义；take good care of是固定搭配，是“好好照顾”的意思。故去掉be。
第十处：此句指让受伤的人感动放松，指人用-ed结尾的形容词。故relaxing 改relaxed。
K真题
1. D【解析】句意：他们认为即将到来的交通发展将会带来很多好的方面的变化。A过时的；B发生故障的； C昼夜不停地；D即将来临。故选D。
2. A【解析】句意上，“我一晚上都在打电话给Charles，但是网络肯定有问题，所以我不能接通。短语get through 表示“渡过，接通（电话）”之意；get off 表示“动身，脱下”；get in 是“取得”之意而get along表示“相 处”，故选A。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
3.3 Grammar & Writing
Grammar: 过去分词充当定语、表语或宾语补足语
Ⅰ．定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。过去分词作定语分为前置和后置两种情况。 2·1·c·n·j·y
1．前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。由及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，表示“被动和完成”含义，或只具有“被动”含义；由不及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，只表“完成”含义。
（1）被动和完成含义：
?We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions．
我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
（2）被动含义：
?She is a respected teacher．她是一位受人尊敬的老师。
（3）完成含义：
?They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard．
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
2．后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
?This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (＝that has ever been written)．
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
?Who were the socalled guests invited (＝who had been invited) to your party last night？
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？
?Yesterday I bought a book published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press．
昨天我买了一本外语教学与研究出版社出版的书。
【拓展延伸1】
(1)过去分词如果表示一种强烈的动作含义，单独使用也可以放在名词的后面。
?The experience gained will be of great value to us．
取得的经验对我们很有价值。
?By the end of the year，the total money collected had come to 92 million dollars，
all of which were sent to Africa．
到年底为止，筹集到的全部资金达到了9,200多万元，所有这些钱全都送往非洲了。
(2)由过去分词构成的合成词也可作定语。
?The air-conditioned rooms are very comfortable in hot summer．
在炎热的夏天，装空调的房间非常舒服。
?The newly-built building is our office building．
这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。
(3)过去分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
?The funds (which/that have been) raised are mainly used for helping the homeless．
筹集的资金主要用于帮助那些无家可归者。
?This book，(which is)written in simple English，is suitable for beginners to read．
这本书是使用浅显的英文写的，适合初学者阅读。
?The concert (which/that was) given by their friends was a success．
他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。
?The meeting，(which was) attended by over five thousand people，welcomed the
great hero．
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。
(4)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽
不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人有关。
?The boy looked up with a pleased expression．那男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
?He spoke with a frightened look．他说话时显得非常恐惧。




【拓展延伸2】
(1)动名词作定语，说明所修饰的名词的用途。
?No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room．阅览室里不准大声说话。
?There is a swimming pool in our school．我们学校有一个游泳池。
(2)现在分词作定语，通常放在所修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
?He is a promising young man．他是一个很有前途的青年。
?Do you know the woman(who is)sitting at the end of the room？
你认识坐在房间后面的那位妇女吗？
?We must keep a secret of the things (which/that are) being discussed now．
对于现在所讨论的事情，我们必须保守秘密。
(3)不定式作定语，位于所修饰的词后，通常表示将来发生的动作。当名词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能采用不定式作后置定语。此外，作定语的不定式与所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的“主谓”、“动宾”或“同位”三种关系。如果作定语的不定式为不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。
?Our monitor is the first to arrive．我们的班长是第一个到达的人。(主谓关系)
?The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is of great importance．
明天会议上将要讨论的问题非常重要。(动宾关系)
?I have a lot of work to do．我有许多事要做。(动宾关系)
?Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us．
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们吃惊。(同位关系)
?They have no happiness to speak of．他们没有什么幸福可言。
Ⅱ．表语
过去分词作表语，通常表示主语所处的一种状态。
?His colleagues were surprised at his absurd behaviour．同事们对他那荒诞的行为感到吃惊。
?The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains．这座城市三面环山。
?The door remained locked．门仍然锁着。
?She looked disappointed．她看上去很失望。
【拓展延伸3】
(1)动名词作表语，解释或说明主语的内容。此时，主语与表语位置通常可以互换。
?Our duty is serving the people heart and soul．
我们的职责是全心全意地为人民服务。
?What they are worried about is being left behind．
他们所担心的是别被落在后面。
(2)现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质，特征或属性；此时，现在分词与主语(往往
是物)构成逻辑上的主谓关系，译作“令/使人……的”。
?The news was exciting and we were all excited．
消息令人兴奋，我们都很激动。
?He remained standing beside the table．他依然站在桌旁。
(3)不定式作表语，一般紧跟在系动词be，seem，remain，appear，get的后面，用来说明或解释主语的内容。当主语为名词dream，business，wish，idea，plan，job，work，task，duty时，表语通常采用不定式，不用动名词。此时，不定式通常强调具体某次动作以及将来要发生的动作。
?The aim is not just to keep busy．其目的不仅是为了使每个人不闲着。
?He appears to want to leave．他看来要走。
Ⅲ．宾语补足语
过去分词作补语，表示“被动和完成”含义，或仅仅表示“状态”。
1．表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)(see，watch，observe，look at，hear，listen to，feel，notice，think等)21世纪教育网版权所有
?I have never heard the song sung in my school．我从未听过这首歌在我们学校唱过。
?He watched the TV set carried out of the room．他看到电视机被搬到屋子外面了。
2．表示“使役”意义的动词(have，make，get，keep，leave等)
?I had my leg broken in the football game．我的腿在足球赛中摔坏了。21教育网
?The reporters keep us informed of the results of the games．【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
记者不断地告知我们比赛结果。
3．表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词(like，order，want，wish，expect等后用过去分词或在过去分词前＋to be)21·世纪*教育网
?Everyone wishes the matter(to be) settled as soon as possible．www-2-1-cnjy-com
人人都希望这件事情尽快解决。
?I want my house(to be)completed before the national day．2-1-c-n-j-y
我想让我的房子在国庆节前完工。
【拓展延伸4】
(1)现在分词作补足语
由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语，表示过程的一部分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。
?I heard her singing when I passed by her room．
我路过她房间时，听到她正在唱歌。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
?I found the topic being discussed everywhere then．
那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的承受者)
?Are you listening to them quarrelling？
你在听他们吵架吗？(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
?His remarks set me thinking．
他的话引起了我的深思。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
?The explosion sent us running in all directions．
那次爆炸把我们吓得东奔西逃。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
(2)不定式作补语
①不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。
?Did you notice him leave the house？你看到他离开房间了吗？
?I heard her say so．我听见她是这么说的。
②某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有：call on，rely on，depend on，wait for，long for，vote for等。
?You can depend on her to be late．可以担保她必定迟到。
?We are longing for the holiday to come．我们渴望着假日的到来。
③动词think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，guess，prove，suppose，imagine等词后面，常接“to be＋形容词(名词或反身代词)”结构。
?He’s thought to be one of the richest men in Europe．
人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。
?Imagine yourself(to be)rich and famous．想象一下你又有钱，又有名的情况。
21*cnjy*com

1.（2016·浙江）To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study _________in Australia in 2012.21*cnjy*com
A.having conducted B.to be conducted
C.conducting D.conducted
2.（2016·江苏）In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________within the work.
A.to hide B. hidden
C. hiding D. being hidden
3.（2015·陕西）Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother_____ 【版权所有：21教育】
good care of at home.
A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken
4. (2014·福建) For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A. connected B. connecting
C. to connect D. to be connected
5. (2014·浙江)Amie Salmon,disabled,is attended throughout her school days by a nurse to guard her.
A.to appoint B.appointing
C.appointed D.having appointed
6. (2014·重庆)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras to our shop for quality problems.21教育名师原创作品
A.returning B.returned
C.to return D.to be returned
7. (2015·陕西)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother 　　　　
good care of at home.
A.taking B.taken C.take D.be taken
8. (2015·四川)The manager was satisfied to see many new products 　　　　 after great effort.
A.having developed B.to develop
C.developed D.develop
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Do you know the man with his hair ________ (tie) back?【出处：21教育名师】
2．— How are the team playing?
— They’re playing well, but one of them got ________ (hurt)．
3．The stewardess asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ (seat) as the plane was about to land.
4．Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ________ (know) only to people with special knowledge.
5．Get your answers ________ (check) before you hand in the papers.
6．Don’t worry. I’ll have the materials ________ (send) to you as soon as possible.
7．With prices ________ (keep) going up, it is sometimes difficult for us to make ends meet on our small income.
8．In the morning I woke up and found the world outside my house ________ (change) completely.
9．The meeting ________ (hold) last night was a great success and all the disagreements got settled.
10．It was so large a room that a hundred people looked ________ (lose) in it.
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．You should improve your speak English．
_________________________________________________
2．Most of the artists being invited to the party were from South Africa．
_________________________________________________
3．I was annoying at his rude words．
_________________________________________________
4．The workers worked in the factory are wellpaid．
_________________________________________________
5．Tom had his leg breaking when he was playing football．
_________________________________________________
Ⅲ.根据提示，用非谓语动词形式翻译下列句子
1．你注意到了那里正在修的那座桥吗？(notice)
________________________________________________________________________
2．听到这个想法他似乎很高兴。(delight)
________________________________________________________________________
3．我不记得有人告诉我这个消息。(remember)
________________________________________________________________________
4．有那么多工作要做，我根本没有时间休息。(with)
________________________________________________________________________
5．说实话，我对他的演讲感到厌倦。(tire)
________________________________________________________________________
K真题
1. D【解析】句意:回到水污染这个问题,我想让你看看2012年在澳大利亚所做的一项研究。在该句中,要 注意区分现在分词和过去分词的用法。此处非谓语动词的逻辑主语是空格前面的名词a study,与 conduct 构成被动关系,所以根据原则应该用过去分词形式conducted表示被动,A项和C项是主动 关系要排除,同时B项不定式表示＂将来＂,而根据语意,此处为已经完成的动作,也可以排除,所以选 D项。
4. A【解析】句意：对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说，笔记本电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句 中的stay是一个连系动词，后接形容词作表语。connected是形容词化的过去分词，意为＂有联系 的，有来往的＂，符合句意。
5. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:身残的Amie Salmon,在学校由一个指定守护她的护士照料着。appointed 在此充当定语,修饰前面的nurse, appoint与nurse是动宾关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。
6. B【解析】考查过去分词作定语。观察四个选项可以看出,其中A项和C项是主动形式,B项和D项是被动 形式,因此我们要考虑语态问题,cameras与return是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以要用被动形式,D项表示"将被 "不合逻辑,所以选择B项,过去分词作定语修饰中心词the cameras。
7. B【解析】句意:在非洲医疗机构待了两年回来之后,李博士很高兴地看到他的母亲在家被照顾得很好。根 据句子结构来判断,此空要用非谓语动词作宾语补足语,构成see sb. done结构,意思是"看到某人被……"。
8. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:辛苦努力后,很多新产品被研发出来,经理很满意。句子结构表明空格处 用非谓语动词作宾语补足语。动词see的宾语"many new products"与develop之间有被动关系且表示一 个完成的动作,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
K好题
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1. tied　在with结构中tie与其逻辑主语his hair为被动关系故后用其过去分词形式作宾补。
2. hurt　get hurt“受伤”。
3. seated　remain seated“仍然坐着”。
4. known　所给词为非谓语动词作定语，且know与其逻辑主语words, expressions, or phrases为被动关系， 故用过去分词形式作定语。
5. checked　check与其逻辑主语your answers为被动关系，故用过去分词形式作宾补。
8. changed　句意：早晨我醒来时发现房子外面的世界完全变了。the world与change之间为逻辑上的动宾关 系，故填changed。
9. held　句意：昨天晚上举行的会议是非常成功的，所有的分歧都解决了。the meeting与hold之间为逻辑 上的动宾关系，且动作已经发生，故填held。
10. lost　此处的look是连系动词，其后跟lost构成系表结构。
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．speak→spoken　 2．去掉being　 3．annoying→annoyed
4．worked→working　 5．breaking→broken
Ⅲ.根据提示，用非谓语动词形式翻译下列句子
1．Have you noticed the bridge (which is) being built there?
2．He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
3．I don't remember being told about the news.
4．With so much work to do, I have no time to rest at all.
5．To be honest, I am tired of his speech.
Writing: 如何写求职信
求职信属于应用文中的书信类。写作时，要注意书信的一些基本格式。
首先，要注意开篇交代句、末尾总结句和常识性语句，提高文章的呼应性。开篇句往往交代得知消息的渠道，并表明求职心愿。如：I’ve learned from the newspaper that you are employing a...and I’m very interested in it．末尾句往往表达希望能很快收到答复的迫切愿望并表明感激之情。如：I would be very thankful if you would give me an early reply．
其次，求职信往往需要介绍自己的姓名、年龄、身高、健康状况、业余爱好、特长、工作态度及人际关系等。常见的短语有be in good health，be good at，be expert in，have rich working experience，enjoy doing sth．，in one’s spare time，be strict with，be kind to，get on well with等。
此外，要防止遗漏要点。如果是针对广告招聘的求职信，应认真阅读广告，明确招聘要求，并对照自己的条件，逐一加以介绍，同时还要注上自己的通讯地址和联系方式。www.21-cn-jy.com
注意：
1．篇幅不宜太长，要简明扼要。
2．态度要诚恳，实事求是。
3．所展示的信息要精炼且有针对性。
4．语气要客气、礼貌。
5．可用各种时态，通常用一般现在时和一般过去时。
1．开头。说明写求职信的缘由与动机。
I would like to apply to become a(an)...in your company．
In today’s newspaper I noticed your advertisement for...
I’m writing this letter to apply for...
2．正文。介绍个人情况。
I graduated from...
I am majoring in.../My major is...
I am experienced in.../I have experience of...
I have had four years’ experience in my present post as...
I believe that both my education and experience are directly related to your requirements．
3．结尾。表达你希望早日得到回音并提供你的联系方式。
I hope to have the pleasure of an interview．
I would appreciate your call at...
I hope that you will give my application careful attention．
An early reply would be appreciated．Thank you．
I would be most grateful if my request receives your favorable consideration．
假定你是李华，即将从浙江大学毕业，从《人才周刊》上看到了某公司的招聘广告，请根据以下内容用英语写一封求职信。
1．即将毕业，主修国际贸易；
2．通过了大学英语六级考试，擅长文字处理；
3．热情乐观，容易相处。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：
《人才周刊》Talent Weekly 秘书secretary
大学英语六级考试CET6
Dear Sir/Madam，
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
【词汇热身】
1．回应________ 2．从……毕业________
3．除了________ 4．在……方面有丰富经验________
5．至于________ 6．与……相处融洽________
7．期待着________
【写作表达练习】
1．我在《人才周刊》上看到贵公司6月8日的招聘广告，特来应聘秘书一职。
________________________________________________________________________
2．除了专业课程，我还努力学习英语，并在2015年通过了大学英语六级考试。
_________________________________________________________________________
3．至于我的性格，我热情乐观，这使得我和同学相处融洽。
___________________________________________________________________________
4．您能给我打电话安排一次面试吗？
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1．I am responding to your advertisement in the Talent Weekly on June 8 for the position of secretary．
2．Apart from courses in my major，I learned English hard and passed the CET6 in 2015．
3．As for my character，I’m enthusiastic and optimistic，which makes me get on well with my classmates．21cnjy.com
4．Would you please call me to set an interview？
【参考范文】
Dear Sir/Madam，
I am responding to your advertisement in the Talent Weekly on June 8 for the position of secretary．21·cn·jy·com
I’m going to graduate from Zhejiang University and my major is International Trade．I read a lot and study hard so I have got excellent grades in all my subjects．Apart from courses in my major，I learned English hard and passed the CET-6 in 2015．I have rich experience in word processing of both Chinese and English．As for my character，I’m enthusiastic and optimistic，which makes me get on well with my classmates．
Would you please call me to set an interview？ I am looking forward to hearing from you．Thank you very much．
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua