Unit 4 Body language
Warming Up & Pre-reading & Reading & Comprehending
Key Words
1.statement n. 陈述，说明→state vt. 声明，陈述
2.greet vt. &vi. 迎接；问候→greeting n. 问候；打招呼
3.represent vt. 代表；象征；说明→representation n. 表现；描述；代表→representative adj.典型的；有代表性的 n. 代表
4.association n. 社团；联系；联想→associate vt. 联想；(使)发生联系；使结合 vi. 交往，结交→associated adj. 联合的；相关的
5.likely adj. 可能的→unlikely(反义词) adj. 不太可能的
6.curiously adv. 好奇地→curious adj. 好奇的→curiosity n. 好奇心
7.approach vt. & vi. 接近，靠近，走近n. 接近；方法；途径
8.defend vt. 保护；保卫→defence/defense n. 防卫，防御
9.major adj. 主要的→majority n.大多数，大部分
10.misunderstand vt. 误解，误会→misunderstood(过去式/过去分词)→misunderstanding n. 误解，误会
11.dash vi. 猛冲；突进
12.adult n. 成人，成年人 adj. 成人的；成熟的
13.spoken adj. 口语的→unspoken(反义词) adj. 非口语的；未说出口的
Key Phrases
1.defend...against 保卫……以免受；防御
2.be likely to 很可能……；有希望……
3.in general 总的来说；通常
Key Sentences
1. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.(不定式作后置定语)
2. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.(be likely to do)
3. These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.( way作先行词时，定语从句的引导词)
1.★represent
◆vt. 代表；象征；说明；阐明。常见搭配：
represent...as...把……描绘成……
represent sb. as/to be 宣称某人为……
represent sth. to sb. =represent to sb. sth. 向某人说明/传达某事
?He represented himself as an expert. 他声称自己是一名专家。
?Let me try to represent my ideas to you in another way. 让我用另一种方式来向你表述我的意见。?
【拓展延伸】
representation n. 表现；描述，描绘；代表
representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的，有代表性的
【易混辨析】represent/stand for/probable
represent
指代表某人、团体、政府等，或指某种标志代表什么、某物表现或描绘的是什么。
stand for
通常指字母、数字、符号等代表或象征什么。
on behalf of
指代表或代替某人，只能作状语。
1. 用represent的适当形式填空
①The museum has several paintings which can be _____________ of the artist’s early style.
②The bald eagle is the _____________ of the United States.
2. 单句语法填空
①What does ＂VIP＂ stand _____________?
②The popular press tends to represent him _____________ an environmental leader.
③The subject is so difficult; I really don’t know how to represent it _____________ you.
④This type of training is _____________ (represent) of the management characteristic of the company.
⑤Tom _____________ (represent) our school participated in the competition.
2. ★association
◆n. 交往；联想；联合；联系；协会，社团。
?Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students. 昨天，我和另一个同学代表我们大学的学生会去首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。
【拓展延伸】
1. associate vt. 使发生联系；使结合 vi. 交往
associate sb. /sth. with sb. /sth. =connect sb. /sth. with sb. /sth. else把……与……联系起来
associate with sb. =spend time with sb. 与某人交往
2. associated adj. 联合的；相关的
be associated with和……联系起来
?I prefer not to associate with colleagues outside work. 工作以外，我不想和同事交往。
?I do not wish to associate myself with any organization that promotes violence. 我不想跟任何鼓吹暴力的组织扯上关系。
单句填空
1. The cancer risks associated ____________ smoking have been well proved.
2. At the time, I ____________ (associate) with him in a large law firm.
【答案】
1. with
2. was associated
3. ★curiously
◆adv. 好奇地。
?After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. 在等了半小时后，我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。
【拓展延伸】
1. curious adj. 好奇的
be curious about 对……(感到)好奇；很想知道……
be curious to do sth. 急于做某事；渴望做某事
It’s curious that...真奇怪……
2. curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲
out of curiosity出于好奇
with curiosity=curiously好奇地
meet/satisfy one’s curiosity满足某人的好奇心
?I am curious about Varna. 我对瓦尔纳很好奇。
?I believe Wang Lin was just acting out of curiosity. 我觉得王林这样做只是出于好奇。
?A student should always be curious to learn. 一个学生应该总是有求知欲的。
?I have to explain the reasons to satisfy his curiosity. 我只好解释原因来满足他的好奇心。
1. 单句改错
①Don’t be too curiously about things you are not supposed to know.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
_____________________________________________________________________________________
②I had to explain the reasons to satisfy his curiosities.www-2-1-cnjy-com
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. 完成句子
①她那样做仅仅是出于好奇心。
She did that just ___________________________ .
②真奇怪，他不辞而别了。
___________________________ he left without saying good-bye.【版权所有：21教育】
③Felix好奇地问，＂你在那儿得到了什么？＂
＂What have you got in there？＂ Felix asked ___________________________.
④那对夫妇对野生植物那么好奇以至于他们决定去Madagascar做进一步的研究。(用倒装语序)
___________________________ wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
3. 同义句改写
He was curious about Australian cities, so he read the book written by Dr.Johnson.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. ①curiously改为curious
②curiosities改为curiosity
2. ①out of curiosity
②It’s curious that
③with curiosity
④So curious were the couple about
3. Curious about Australian cities, he read the book written by Dr. Johnson.
4. ★approach
◆(1)vt. & vi. 接近，靠近，走近。常见搭配：
approach sb. for/about sth. 就某事与某人商量/交涉
be approaching 正在/将要接近
approach to接近，近似
?He approached me about creating and designing the restaurant.他来找我创办并设计那家餐馆。?
?Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! 托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，亲了亲她的脸!21·cn·jy·com
◆(2)n. 接近；方法；途径。常见搭配：
on the approach of...在快到……的时候
make approaches to sb. 设法接近某人
approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法
?We will explore different approaches to gathering information.我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。?
【易混辨析】approach/method /way/means
approach，way，method和means都可表示＂方法＂，要注意它们的区别：
approach
指处理某事的具体方法、步骤。与介词to连用。
method
指有理论的、系统的、详细的方法。构成method of doing sth 结构。
way
普通用语，侧重简便的方法或途径。构成the way to do/of doing sth 结构。
means
单复数同形，可指具体的或抽象的方法、手段。构成by...means结构。
根据approach的相关用法完成句子
1. Oil prices __________________their highest level for almost ten years.?
石油价格已接近近10年来的最高水平了。
2. The job market has changed and our approach _____________________must change as well.?
就业市场变了，因此我们找工作的途径也必须改变。
【答案】
1. have been approaching
2. to finding work
5. ★defend
◆vt. 保护，防卫；辩护。常见搭配：
defend sb. /sth. from...保护某人/物免遭……
defend sb. /sth. against...抵御……
defend with sth. 用……来保卫
?The law defends people from injustice. 法律保护人民免受不公待遇。?21世纪教育网版权所有
?We must defend ourselves against the invaders. 我们必须防御入侵的敌人。?
【易混辨析】defend/guard/protect
defend
指积极地抵抗、防御或挫败迫在眉睫的危险或侵袭，也可指为某人或某论点辩护。常与against连用。
guard
意为＂保卫,警卫,看守＂，指为了保证安全而站立守卫，含有警惕之意。常与against连用。
protect
指借用某种东西作为防御、保护工具，使人或物免受伤害，这种保护的成功率比defend，guard高。常与against，from连用。
?When a dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick. 当一只狗攻击我时，我用一根棍子防卫。
?It’s important to guard against diseases. 预防疾病很重要。2-1-c-n-j-y
?We must protect children from danger. 我们必须保护儿童免遭危险。
【巧学妙记】
1. 单句语法填空
①He made a long speech _____________ (defend) his views from objections.
②They defended themselves against _____________ (attack).
③The best _____________ (defend) is a good offense.
2. 用defend, guard或protect的适当形式填空
①She ______________herself successfully in court yesterday.
②A line of forts was built along the border to ______________the country against attack.
③We keep dogs to ______________our houses at night against thieves.
3. 同义句改写
He has hired a lawyer to defend him against his action.(用defence改写)
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. He has hired a lawyer in his defence against his action.
6. ★likely
◆adj. 可能的。常见用法：
It’s likely that sb....=sb. be likely to do...某人很可能……
?I shall be likely to catch a cold if I go out tonight without my overcoat. 如果今晚不穿大衣出去，我会感冒的。?
【拓展延伸】
unlikely adj. 不太可能发生的 be unlikely to...不大可能……
【易混辨析】likely/possible /probable
likely
侧重从表面看，某事很有可能发生，与probable意思相近。likely在作表语时，其主语可以是人也可以是物。
possible
强调客观上有可能，但也常常暗示＂实际上希望很小＂。常用的句式为＂It is possible for sb to do sth＂ 或＂It is possible+that从句＂。其作表语时，不能用人作主语。
probable
主要指有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，常有＂大概，很可能＂的意味，语气较possible强。常用的句式为＂It is probable+从句＂。其作表语时，不能用人或不定式作主语。
?John is likely to be in London this autumn. 今年秋天约翰可能在伦敦。
?It’s possible that he will not accept the invitation. 他有可能不接受邀请。
?It is highly probable that it will rain today. 今天很可能会下雨。
用likely, possible或probable填空
1. The thieves were not _____________ to know how much it is worth.
2. According to the test, it is _____________ that the disease has a genetic element.
3. Would it be _____________ for me to leave a message for her?21·世纪*教育网
7. ★in general
◆总的来说；通常；一般?大体?来说?as a whole；usually?。
?I know how it works in general terms. 我大致知道其中的咦髟?怼??
同义句改写
In general, about 10% of the candidates are eventually offered positions.
1. ____________________, about 10% of the candidates are eventually offered positions.
2. ____________________, about 10% of the candidates are eventually offered positions.
【答案】
1. Generally speaking
2. Generally
8. ★不定式作后置定语
The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. 第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼?加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅?史密斯。(教材P26)21cnjy.com
【句式分析】
句中＂the first＋名词＋to do＂表示＂第一个做……的＂，动词不定式作后置定语，修饰person。
【语法重点】
当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。不定式作定语与被修饰词之间存在关系如下：
1. 主谓关系。
?In my family,my mother is always the first one to get up.在我家我妈妈总是第一个起床。
2. 动宾关系。如果不定式里的动词是不及物动词，则要加上适当的介词或副词，才能直接修饰前面的宾语。
?He has a lot of books to read. 他有很多书要看。
?She has nothing to worry about. 她没什么可担心的。
3. 动状关系。被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语，多用介词短语。由于被修饰词前没有介词，所以只能在不定式里的动词后加介词。
?I have no house to live in. 我没有房子住。
4. 不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。被修饰词与不定式里的动词不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的，被修饰词多是些抽象名词。
?I have no time to go to the movie. 我没有时间去看电影。
不定式作定语的常考情形：
1. 当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，the next, the only, the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。
2. 被用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, belief, chance, idea, promise, attempt, way等。
?—The last one to arrive pays the meal. 最后一个到的请客。
—Agreed! 同意！
?The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。
【易错点津】
如果不定式是一个不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面要有必要的介词。
?I think this room is the best place to study in. 我认为这个房间是学习的最佳地点。
1. 单句改错
She was the first black woman win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
2. 完成句子
①I want to interview Liu Yang, because she is ________________________________(第一位在太空遨游的中国女士).
②I______________________________(已经得到了一个出国学习的机会), which makes me very delighted.
③I__________________________(有很多事情要处理) tomorrow, so I can’t pick you up at the airport.
9. ★be likely to do
However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. 不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能会用身体接触对方。(教材P26)
【句式分析】
本句中含有句型：be likely to do...，该句型表示＂有可能做某事＂。
【语法重点】
表示＂可能＂的常见句型：
be likely to do...可能做……
It is likely that...可能……
It is possible for sb. to do...某人可能做……
It is possible that...可能……
It is probable that...可能……
Not likely不会；不可能
【特别提醒】
1. likely既可以用人也可以用物作主语。
2. possible和probable表示客观上有可能，不能用人作主语。probable的可能性比possible大。
1. 根据提示语填空
The headmaster (可能不来参加) the meeting, but it is (有可能) for us to come up with a solution by ourselves. Anyhow it is (很有可能) that we can solve the problem in a satisfactory way.www.21-cn-jy.com
2. 同义句改写
They are likely to be fired by the company because of their fault.(用it作形式主语改写)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. is not likely to attend; possible; probable/likely21*cnjy*com
2. It is likely that they will be fired by the company because of their fault.
10. ★way作先行词时，定语从句的引导词
These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed. 这些行为都无所谓好与坏，只不过是文化发展的不同方式而已。(教材P26)
【句式分析】
在本句中，in which cultures have developed是定语从句，用来修饰ways。
【语法重点】
way充当先行词时，一定要注意其在定语从句中所作的成分。如果way作宾语或表语，关系词要用that或which可以省略；如果way作状语，关系词要用that，in which或不填。
?This is the only way (that/which) you can find. 这是你能找到的唯一的方法。
?She is fond of the way(that/in which) the famous Japanese actor smokes. 她喜欢那位日本男影星抽烟的姿势。
单句改错
1. What surprised me was not what he said but in the way he said it.
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. I don’t like the way which he speaks to his mother.
________________________________________________________________________________________
I. 单词拼写
1. He is so ________(幽默) that all of us like to watch his works.【出处：21教育名师】
2. The news ________(使……吃惊) everybody at the last meeting.
3. ________(不幸的是) he won’t be here tomorrow.
4. He became inspired when he thought about helping ________(普通的) people.
5. We got ________(厌烦的) with the long speech given by Mr. Smith.
6. He ________(款待) his friends to dinner yesterday.
7. As for his performance，he was a ________(失败者), but he succeeded as a singer.
8. He ________(克服) many difficulties in learning English.
9. Who ________(导演) the famous film 2012?
10. What he said was based on the fact, so it was quite ________(有说服力的).
II. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. ________(approach) the park, we found it beautiful.
2. The Great Wall was built as a ________ (defend) against enemy.
3. The competition attracted over 500 competitors ________(represent) 8 different countries.
4. The boy looked ________(curious) at me from time to time.
5. I wanted very much to join the student ________ (associate).
6. Now I will introduce a new classmate ________ you.
7. It wasn’t a good thing; ________ the contrary, it was a huge mistake.
8. The sky is so dark that it is likely ________(rain).
9. I live close ________ our school. It’s only ten minutes’ walk.
10. It is a sign of friendship to reach ________ your hands to the person you meet.
11. In ________(generally), about 60% of middle school students are admitted to colleges and universities every year.
12. Don’t stand there ________(look) around. Just come over and be seated.
III. 选词填空
defend against; in general; at ease; lose face; on the contrary; in most cases; at a distance; put up; in defence of; reach out
1. It was getting dark. We had to ________ in the forest for the night.
2. Animals are ________ fond of eating and moving in company.
3. When he failed to beat his opponent he felt he had ________ with his friends.
4. It is a timid animal but will fight like a tiger ________ its young.21教育名师原创作品
5. The risk of affection hasn ‘t decreased—________, it has increased.
6. ________, food poisoning happens during summer.
7. I was wondering why you seemed to want to keep everybody ________.
8. One of the men suddenly ________ a hand and grabbed my arm.
9. Steps are being taken to ________ the city ________ attack.
10. The mother felt ________ after being informed that her children were safe.
IV. 单句翻译
1. 一般而言，这些相机的价格从300美元到400美元不等。（in general）
2. 他有可能在百米赛跑中获胜。（be likely to）
3. ＂那一定是很糟糕。＂＂恰恰相反，我非常喜欢。＂(on the contrary)
4. 吸烟是导致癌症的主要原因之一。(major)
5. 语言教学有不同的途径。(approach)
【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
I. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
During a visit to Australia, former President George W. Bush tried to signal a peace sign by waving the two fingers or V-sign at the crowd. You may think of this as a simple gesture, but he made a big mistake. Instead of his palm facing outwards, it faced inwards. In Australia, it means ＂go to hell＂!Therefore, it is very important to understand the meanings of hand gestures in different cultures before you travel to different countries.
The dog call
The dog call is a gesture where you curl your index finger (食指) and call someone towards you. It is acceptable in America and England. This gesture is considered rude in many Asian countries such as Japan. In Singapore this gesture means death. Do not use this hand gesture in the Philippines because this hand gesture is to be used only for dogs there.
The moutza
While talking to a friend, you may open your palm and stretch out your fingers. But it is a traditional gesture of insult(侮辱)among Greeks. It means that you are thrusting your hand in the face of the opposite person. This suggests that you are asking the person to leave you alone. In America, it means＂talk to the hand＂, which basically means ＂I’m not listening to you＂.
The fig
The fig is a gesture that is indicated by a fist. The thumb is seen poking out of the index and middle fingers. This is a good hand gesture in different cultures, as it indicates good luck. However, the fig is a very offensive(冒犯的) gesture to the Italians and Turks.
The clenched fist
One of the aggressive (挑衅的) hand gestures is the clenched (紧握的) fist. This means one is trying to pick a fight or trying to warn the opposite person to back off. In Asian countries, a clenched fist will surely land you into a fist fight.
1. The writer mentioned George W. Bush in Paragraph 1 in order to ____________.
A. prove everyone can use wrong hand gestures
B. tell us the importance of world peace
C. lead to the topic of the passage
D. introduce a peace sign
2. Which of the following gestures won’t make Americans angry but will make people in the Philippines angry?
3. In America, if you want to stop someone from going on talking, you can use the gesture of __________.
A. the dog call B. the moutza
C. the fig D. the clenched fist
4. What do we know about the hand gesture of the fig?
A. It is not a friendly gesture in Italy or Turkey.
B. It is a very offensive hand gesture in most countries.21*cnjy*com
C. In most Asian countries it can easily lead to a fist fight.
D. It indicates good luck in all cultures around the world.
II. 语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It has been said before, but experiencing it myself has made me want to say it again: A smile can cross all language barriers.
I __1__ (recent) moved from Canada to a small city on the south coast of South Korea to work as an English teacher. One night, after a long day at work, I was feeling particularly __2__ (wear) out. My legs were aching and I wasn’t looking forward to __3__ (cook) dinner. Just as I was about __4__(push) the key into the door, the old landlady signed me into her apartment. I didn’t understand a word that she said, __5__ I understood her smile. I followed her into her kitchen, __6__ smelled like the wonderful Korean food I love. __7__ (put) many dishes of food on the table, she sat down across from me. We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words.
__8__ it was time to leave, I said ＂thank you＂ in Korean, using some of __9__ few words I had learned. I felt __10__ (little) lonely than I had expected that night.
I. 单词拼写
1. (2017·北京改编) A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually ____________(联系) with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.
2. (2017·江苏改编) The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming ____________(代表) an enormous threat to agriculture.
3. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编) These advertise the presence of chicks to ____________(成年人); they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.
4. (2017·浙江改编) Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop ____________(成年的) characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
5. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编) This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s ____________(联盟) Director, Wang Xiaoying.
6. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编) Why is the Transition ____________(不可能的) to show up in too many driveways?
7. (2017·新课标全国卷III改编) The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations —____________(主要的) food sources (来源) for the wolf — grew rapidly.
8. (2016?北京改编) While I was exploring my _____________(好奇), my disease got worse.
9. (2014?安徽改编) You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this a___________, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty(贫困) and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses.
10. (2014?山东改编) Riley r_____________ into the boys’ room where Ann found Jack suffering from a heart attack.
11. (2015?上海改编) When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad ____________(联系), people responded to positive words faster after viewing an attractive face.
12. (2014?浙江改编) In the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be ___________(问候) first with their titles.
13. (2014?湖北改编) Dr Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a _________________(误会).
14. (2015?重庆改编) You are very l___________ to come across large wild animals, too.
15. (2014?新课标全国卷I改编) Your children need to be deeply?____________ (好奇的).?
16. (2015?新课标全国卷I改编) He was also a ____________ (主要的) player in training others in the art of canal planning and building.
17. (2014?新课标全国卷I改编) The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their c_______________ and how it inspires them to explore their world.
18. (2014?新课标全国卷I改编)The same is true of the young _______________(成年人) going to the college.
19.(2016?四川改编)This?means?that?women??____________ (通常) get?sick?less?often?and?less?seriously?than?men.
20. (2016?江苏改编)Develops in children before their ____________(通常的) cognitive(认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps.
21. (2016?天津改编) I’ve been a newspaperman all my ____________(成年人的) life.
22. (2016?新课标全国卷III改编)They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was a____________ their table.
23. (2016?四川改编)Who is more likely to get job?
Ted, computer ______________(专业), basketball fan, free on evenings and weekends.
24. (2016?天津改编) The ______________ (多数) of them take an online language test before starting their programme.
25. (2016?浙江改编) Perhaps evolution provided human babies with c_____________ and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.
II. 语法填空
1. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编) This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate _____________(direct), Wang Xiaoying.
1. (2017·北京改编) Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely ____________(work): we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
2. (2017·江苏改编) A great decline in young work force is ____________(like) to occur in China, for instance.
3. (2017·浙江改编) While ____________ is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings.
4. (2015?安徽改编) In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations ____________ (represent) family unity.
5. (2014?浙江改编) People often greet each other (particularly women) ______________ light cheek kisses.
6. (2016?新课标全国卷II改编) If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely ____________________ (bring) your work home.
7. (2016?上海) If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely __________________ (get )ill.
8. (2014?北京改编) Some studies will find that a behaviour ＂contributes to＂ or is ＂associated ___________＂ an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.
III. 完成句子
1. (2016?四川改编) ____________ ____________ (通常来说), they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.
2. (2016?新课标全国卷III改编) One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely_____________________ (make) the list than non-science articles.
3. (2016?新课标全国卷III改编)The more positive an article, __________________ (likely) it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, ＂Contagious: Why Things Catch On.＂
4. (2016?北京改编) However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became ________________________(好奇) the computer, and built my first website.
5. (2016?四川改编) They?help?the?body?________________ (保护自己免受) some?kinds?of?infections.?
6. (2015?安徽改编) Next, she tied several chopsticks together, _________________________ (代表一个家庭).
7. (2014?重庆改编) _______________________(人们都相信) that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.
8. (2015?新课标全国卷II改编) Now this former royal palace is open to the public as ______________________ (一个主要的旅游景点).
9. (2014?四川改编) In fact, they’re hard to spot, because?they usually fly off ______________________ (当它们听到人类接近).
10. (2013?江苏改编) Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment ____________ (associate) making mistakes.?
IV. 改错
(2017·新课标全国卷II) When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
V. 单项填空
1. (2017·浙江改编) When the war was near, Alia was that the fires of war would destroy the books, which are more precious to her than mountains of gold.
A. worried B. angry C. doubtful D. curious
2. (2017·浙江改编)The books stayed hidden as the war . Then nine days later, a fire burned the library to the ground.
...But the war was not over yet.
A. approached B. erupted C. continued D. ended
3. (2017·新课标全国卷I改编) I myself went through this searching process and found something that has changed my at college for the better: I discovered ASL — American Sign Language(美式手语).
A. progress B. experience C. major D. opinion
4. (2017·新课标全国卷I改编) My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The ____________ languages were enough in all my interactions(交往).
A. official B. foreign C. body D. spoken
5. (2014?安徽改编)I’ll never forget that wonderful lady who, through her , filled my brief holiday in Florida with wonderful memories.
A. confidence B. dignity
C. curiosity D. kindness
6. (2016?新课标全国卷II改编) is the best teacher. The lessons they learned may not be different from what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful, because they had to work them out on their own.
A. Experience B. Independence
C. Curiosity D. Interest
7. (2015?天津) We finally did and it was at first sight. It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake.
A. relief B. concern C. love D. curiosity
8. (2016?江苏) He did not ____________ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
A. approach B. wrestle
C. compromise D. communicate
9. (2016?浙江) In this article, you need to back up general statements with __________ examples.
A. specific B. permanent C. abstract D. universal
10. (2015?湖南) The music allow me to learn that teaching is about sharing and respect, tears and smiles, the knowing and the and most of all, an understanding of each other.
A. unprepared B. unspoken
C. unknown D. unforgotten
11. (2014?广东改编)For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to their actions.
A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider
12. (2016?新课标全国卷I改编)They then heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. ____________ the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
A. Starting B. Parking
C. Passing D. Approaching
13. (2014?广东改编)The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different ____________ to these problems. However, some approaches are more successful than others.
A. approaches B. contributions
C. introductions D. attitudes
14. (2013?浙江) A good listener takes part in the conversation, ____________ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
A. realizing B. copying
C. offering D. misunderstanding
15. (2013?安徽) David is __________ animal fur, so he won’t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.
A. curious about B. allergic to
C. satisfied with D. fond of
16. (2013?浙江) If we leave right away, __________, we’ll arrive on time.
A. hopefully B. curiously
C. occasionally D. gradually
I. 单词拼写
1.humorous 2.astonished
3.Unfortunately 4.ordinary
5.bored 6.entertained
7.failure 8.overcame
9.directed 10.convincing
II. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Approaching 2. defence
3. representing 4. curiously
5. association 6. to
7. on 8. to rain
9. to 10. out
11. general 12. looking
III. 选词填空
IV. 单句翻译
1. In general, the price of these cameras is from $300 to $400.
2. He was likely to win the 100-metre race.
3. ＂It must have been terrible.＂ ＂On the contrary, I enjoyed every minute.＂
4. Smoking is one of the major causes of cancer.
5. There are different approaches to language teaching.
I. 阅读理解
【语篇解读】身势语是一个民族文化的组成部分，当你计划出国旅游时最好对其做一点了解，以避免误解和尴尬。
1. C 【解析】写作意图题。文章主要是关于手势语的，文章第一段提到布什在澳大利亚的行为只是为了引出下文，故选C。
2. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据表格第一格的＂It is acceptable in America and England.＂可知the dog call在美国是可以使用的，但在菲律宾，这个手势只对狗使用，故选C。
3. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据表格第二格的＂In America, it means ‘talk to the hand’, which basically means ‘I’m not listening to you’. ＂可知the moutza这个手势在美国可以用来阻止别人继续说下去。
4. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据表格第三格的＂However, the fig is a very offensive(冒犯的) gesture to the Italians and Turks.＂可知the fig这个手势在意大利和土耳其具有冒犯意味。
II. 语法填空
【语篇解读】微笑能打破一切语言的藩篱。
1. recently 修饰动词，表示＂最近＂，应用副词形式，填recently。
2. worn 过去分词worn转化为形容词，表示＂精疲力竭的＂。
3. cooking look forward to中的to是介词，故后接动名词。
4. to push be about to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为＂正要做某事＂。
5. but 设空前后两句为转折关系，故用but。
I. 单词拼写
1. associate 2. represents
3. adults 4. adult
5. Associate 6. unlikely
7. major 8. curiosity
9. association 10. dashed
11. associations 12. greeted
13. misunderstanding 14. likely
15. curious 16. major
17. curiosity 18. adults
19. generally 20. general
21. adult 22. approaching
23. major 24. majority
25. curiosity
II. 语法填空
1. to work 2. likely
3. it 4. to represent
5. with 6. to bring
7.?to?get 8. with
III. 完成句子
IV. 改错
第一处：came→comes 考查时态。本文全篇为一般现在时，故将came改为comes。
第二处：pick前加to 考查动词。本句出现了两个动词，所以要将第二个动词变为非谓语动词，又根据句意：摘新鲜的蔬菜是目的，所以把第二个动词变为to do不定式的形式表目的，故将pick前加上to。2·1·c·n·j·y
V. 单项填空
1. A 【解析】考查形容词。A. worried担心的；B. angry生气的；C. doubtful怀疑的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文＂So Alia took matters into her own hands＂可知，Alia自己将书搬走了，因此她应该是担心战争会破坏书。故选A。
2. C 【解析】考查动词。A. approached 接近；B. erupted爆发；C. continued继续；D. ended 结束。由后文＂Then nine days later, a fire burned the library to the ground.＂可知，战争仍在继续。故选C。
3. B 【解析】考查名词辨析。progress进步；experience经历；major主修科目；opinion观点。句意：我发现有些东西改变了我的大学生活经历。故选B。
4. D 【解析】考查形容词辨析。official官方的；foreign外国的；body肢体的；spoken口语的。根据前文My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends.可知作者的家人及朋友都可以听得到，因此作者认为在平时的交流中，口语就足够了。spoken language口语。故选D。
5. D 【解析】四个选项的含义分别是：A.自信，B.尊严，C.好奇，D.好意，应该是她对作者的善举让作者的假期充满了美好的记忆，所以选D。
6. A 【解析】A. Experience经历；B. Independence独立；C. Curiosity好奇；D. Interest兴趣。此处是＂经历是最好的老师＂。故选A。
7. C 【解析】A. relief欣慰；B. concern关注；C. love爱；D. curiosity好奇。根据后句It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake.可知我们对此房一见钟情。故选C。
8. C 【解析】approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise妥协，和解，让步；communicate交流。句意：他并容易妥协，但是对于正义的事业，他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知C项正确。21教育网
9. A 【解析】句意：在文章中，你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。A.具体，明确的；B.永久的；C.抽象的；D.全球的，共通的。故选A。
12. D 【解析】他们是走近了之后才看到车内的那位女士。start发动；park停车；pass路过；approach 走近。故选D。
13. A 【解析】语境是＂圣乔治大学的研究表明不同的父母对这些问题有不同的方法＂。此处approaches 方法，途径；contributions 贡献；introductions 介绍，说明；attitudes 态度，看法。下一句有approaches一词。故选A。
14. C 【解析】句意：善于倾听的人在谈话的时候，往往会提出自己的想法和问题，从而使得谈话能流畅地进行下去。用offer表示＂提供，提出＂，选C项。realize意识到；copy复制；misunderstand误解，都与语境不符。
15. B 【解析】由语境 ＂他不去家里有猫或狗的人家＂推断，戴维对动物皮毛过敏，故选B。be allergic to 对……过敏；be curious about 对……好奇；be satisfied with 对……满意；be fond of 喜欢。
16. A 【解析】句意：如果我们马上走的话，我们很有希望能准时到达。hopefully意为＂有希望地＂，符合语意，所以这里选A项。
Unit 4 Body language
Learning about Language & Using language
Key Words
1.facial adj. 面部的
2.fun_ction n. 作用；功能；职能 vi. 起作用；运转
3.ease n. 安逸，舒适 vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
4.truly adv. 真实地；真诚地；真正地→true adj. 真实的；准确的
5.false adj. 错误的；假的
6.anger n. 怒气，怒火→angry adj. 生气的，愤怒的
7.subjective adj. 主观的→subject n. 主题；学科，科目
8.hug vt. &vi. 拥抱
9.rank n. 等级；军衔
Key Phrases
1.at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
2.lose face 丢脸
3.turn one’s back to 背对
4.be impressed with对……印象深刻
5.in most cases在大多数情况下，往往
6. shake hands with sb. 同某人握手
7. come up出现；向前
1. ★fun_ction
◆(1) n. 作用；功能；职能。形容词形式为：functional adj. 实用的；运转正常的；功能上的。常见搭配：
perform/fulfill a fun_ction 履行职责
?In your new job you will perform a variety of functions. 在新的工作岗位上，你将要履行许多不同的职责。
◆(2) vi. 起作用；运转。常见搭配：
fun_ction as 起……作用；用作……
?This chair can also fun_ction as a bed. 这把椅子也可以当床用。
The teacher was asked to explain the word’s grammatical _____________.
A. personality B. representative
C. fun_ction D. solution
2.★at ease
◆舒适；快活；自由自在。常见用法：
feel/look at ease感到/看上去心情放松
put/set sb at ease使某人放松
?The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile — its fun_ction is to show happiness and put people at ease. 最普遍使用的面部表情当然是微笑——其作用是表示快乐和安人心境。
?He gets on with strangers with ease. 他与陌生人相处自如。
?Machines ease the workers of heavy manual labour. 机器使工人从繁重的体力劳动中解脱出来。
【拓展延伸】
1. with ease轻易地，毫不费力地
take one’s ease休息，轻松一下
2. ease sb’s mind 使某人安心
ease sb of sth 减轻(痛苦、忧虑等)；使某人安心
1. 用适当的介词填空
①The dentist soon put the small girl ______________ ease.www-2-1-cnjy-com
②The horse jumped over the fence ______________ ease.
③I never feel ______________ease in his company.
④She won the 400m race ______________ease.
2. 同义句改写
He eased himself of anxiety and felt at ease.
①______________________________________________________________(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
②______________________________________________________________(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
【答案】
1. ①at
②with
③at
④with
2. ①Easing himself of anxiety, he felt at ease.
②Eased of anxiety, he felt at ease.
3. ★lose face
◆丢脸。
?There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone＂loses face＂and smiles to hide it. 还有不愉快的微笑，比如当某人＂丢了面子＂就会用微笑来掩饰。21*cnjy*com
【拓展延伸】
1. lose one’s head 发狂；失去理智
lose one’s heart to sb 爱上某人
lose heart 失去勇气；丧失信心
lose one’s job 失业
lose one’s life 牺牲
lose one’s way 迷路
2. be faced with 面对；面临
save face 保全面子；有脸面
in the face of 面对……；在……面前
face to face 面对面；相对
be faced with 面对……；面临……
to one’s face 当着某人的面；直接地
make faces/a face 做鬼脸
?To know the truth, you’d better have a talk with him face to face. 要知道真相，你最好跟他面对面地谈一谈。21cnjy.com
?The naughty boy often make faces (a face) in class, which makes his teacher angry. 那个调皮的男孩经常在课堂上做鬼脸，这令他的老师非常生气。www.21-cn-jy.com
【巧学妙记】
Yesterday, Jim took Tom’s pen, as a result, the pen was recognized by Tom. In the face of his classmates, Jim thought he lost face. In order to save his face, he decided to talk with Tom face to face. However, Tom asked him to apologize to the whole class’s face. 昨天，吉姆拿了汤姆的钢笔，结果，钢笔被汤姆认出来了。面对同学，吉姆觉得丢脸。为了挽回面子，他决定当面与汤姆谈谈，但是，汤姆让他当着全班同学的面道歉。
完成句子
1. Building owners were ______________a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or lift the entire buildings to meet the new street level. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
楼主们面临一个选择：要么将大楼的一层改为地下室，二层变为一层；要么提高整栋大楼来适应新街面的高度。
2. I need to ____________ some weight. My clothes don’t fit anymore.
我要减肥。我的衣服都不合适了。
3. It is only natural that we ______________________a person who is tardy.
自然而然地，我们会对做事拖沓的人失去信任、信赖和信心。
4. ★turn one’s back to
◆背对，背弃。
?In most places around the world，frowning and turning one’s back to someone shows anger. 在世界上的大部分地区，皱眉或者背对着某人都表示生气。
【拓展延伸】
turn on 打开
turn down 拒绝；关小
turn out 结果是；证明是
turn to 向……求助；转向
turn up 出现；到达；突然发生
turn over 翻转；翻阅；反复思考
turn one’s back on sb 不友好地拒绝帮助别人
turn a deaf ear to 对……置若罔闻
turn a blind eye to 对……视而不见
?The moment he entered the room, he turned on the air-conditioner. 他一进入房间就打开了空调。
?Out of everyone’s expectation, the weather turned out fine. 出乎所料，结果天气很好。
?Would you turn down the music? I’m doing my homework. 你把音乐调小点好吗？我正在做作业。
完成句子
1. He could not ______________________ helpless travelers. 2·1·c·n·j·y
对孤立无援的旅客，他不忍心拒绝不管。
2. ______________________when I am speaking to you.
当我和你讲话时不要背对我。
3. She ______________________our warning and got lost.
她对我们的警告充耳不闻，结果迷失了方向。
4. Bob ______________________ the ＂No Fishing＂ sign.
鲍勃对＂严禁钓鱼＂的告示视而不见。
I. 单词拼写
1. He has reached a career (十字路口).
2. Some of the information on the Internet is (假的); you shouldn’t believe it.
3. The general (误读) the enemy’s intentions.21·cn·jy·com
4. A program won’t (运转) well if programmers don’t design it properly.
5. I put this in the top (等级) of modern works.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
6. Everyone’s opinion is very likely to be (主观的).
7. The passer-by couldn’t contain his (愤怒) when he saw the scene.
8. I think there has been some (误解).
9. He got a very serious (面部的) injury in the battle.
10.He stretched, (打哈欠) and left lazily.
11. Make your statement clearly, or you’ll make yourself m .
12. The traveler may fire at a wild beast to d himself if he is attacked.
13. He was filled with a because of the way he had been treated.
14. Judging from his f expression, he is content with the result.
15. The boy looked at me c as if I were a complete stranger.
16. I’ll book you on a direct f to London.
17. His long boring story made me y .
18. They greet each other with a (拥抱) and say ＂Merry Christmas＂.
19. The girl had hardly rung the bell when the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to (迎接) her.【出处：21教育名师】
20.The museum had several paintings (代表) the artist’s early style.
21.Judging a person just by his look is very (主观的).
22.She gave (假的) information to the insurance company.
23.When (接近) the forest, he focused his attention on the surrounding environment.
24.He always plays a (重要的) role in the campaign struggling for freedom of women in the area.
25.According to the instructions, the machine won’t (运转) well unless it is oiled on a regular basis.
II. 单句语法填空
1. I was filled with ________ (angry) when I saw him kicking the dog.
2. Faced with danger, the mother ________ (hug) her son tightly.
3. Mother handed her a cup of coffee to put her at ________(easy).
4. All of us are ________(will) to help you to get out of the trouble.
5. I find it ________(amaze) that you can't swim.
6. Just out of ________(curious), how old are you?
7. In English study we should know the importance of practicing ________(speak) English.
8. What will happen if the two companies fail to reach an ________(agree)?
9. In the world people show respect for people by using different ________ (gesture).
10. He stood ________(closely) to you and had something to tell you.
III. 完成句子
1. Watch out for cars (过街时).21教育网
2. (举办奥运会) is an honour for many countries.
3. (从他的面部表情判断), he seems to have been told the truth.
4. The meeting （有很多人参加）was a success.
5. (没有礼貌) to play jokes on others.
I. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Maureen stood by the lake. Suddenly the children came running through the trees with sharp cries of __1__. They rushed up to the __2__, leaning over the clear water, watching the crowds of tiny fish. Some children demanded loudly to go to the boats, but __3__ those who had been left behind at the ice-cream stall(小摊) came running up to make some announcement or other, and they all __4__ the water and dashed back the __5__ they had come. With growing excitement, Maureen __6__ them.【版权所有：21教育】
When she __7__ what had been running for, she stopped running. They were __8__ things again. The toy stall was __9__ and they were crowded around it. Behind the __10__ a calm middle-aged woman was selling a great variety of small rubbish. She took __11__ from the forest of small hands in exchanging for little boats, plastic dolls, yellow pencils, anything. Maureen leaned against a __12__, looking on. The idea of __13__ washed against her face like a strong current(流), trying to draw her in.
Nona Parker pushed out to the edge of the group and __14__ what she had bought on the ground so that she could see what money she had left in her white purse. Under Maureen’s __15__ lay a boat, a mouth organ(口琴) and a brown load of bread. Maureen was so full of the __16__ for the things like that she couldn’t bear to look at it. She turned her __17__ sharply. Her face was against the tree. She shut her eyes and __18__ eagerly for some money, for the price of a set of toy plates. In a moment, she opened her eyes, __19__ she didn’t turn back to the stall. It was too __20__ to see the others buying whatever they wanted. She rubbed almost round the tree, her eyes on the ground.
1. A. fright B. surprise C. shout D. excitement
2. A. space B. hill C. lake D. river
3. A. what’s worse B. all at once
C. all the time D. more or less
4. A. left B. polluted C. painted D. entered
5. A. street B. way C. boat D. restaurant
6. A. ran after B. searched for
C. glared at D. got rid of
7. A. blamed B. saw C. praised D. helped
8. A. destroying B. stealing C. buying D. eating
9. A. closed B. tall C. dull D. open
10. A. toy B. stall C. building D. mirror
11. A. fish B. advice C. money D. food
12. A. tree B. wall C. stall D. car
13. A. leaving B. running C. sleeping D. spending
14. A. laid B. let C. drew D. tasted
15. A. feet B. eyes C. shoulder D. hands
16. A. edge B. tiredness C. wish D. relation
17. A. friend B. suggestion C. way D. head
18. A. went B. stood C. prayed D. searched21·世纪*教育网
19. A. even if B. if C. so D. but
20. A. painful B. nervous C. joyful D. near-sighted21教育名师原创作品
II. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, ＂Speed up!＂ ＂Slow down!＂ ＂Turning left!＂ I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
I. 单词拼写
1. (2017?新课标全国卷I改编) They are required to process (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily (功能).
2. (2015?重庆改编) ＂We can’t wait to ____________(拥抱) Cuddles again,＂ she sobbed.
3. (2014?新课标全国卷I改编) The same is _____________(真的) of the young adults going to the college.
4. (2014?天津改编) She gave me a _____________ (拥抱)and asked me to think about it.
5. (2015?北京改编) More than that, however, he was happy to see the big smile on his mother’s f___________.
II. 完成句子
1. (2017?浙江改编) He ________________________ (对……印象深刻) Benjamin’s drawings.
2. (2017?浙江改编) Williams ________________________ (对……印象深刻)Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.
3. (2017?江苏改编) ________________________ (当谈及) adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process.
4. (2017?天津改编) The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow ________________________(苏醒) and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.
5. (2017?天津改编) We are both passionate about acting, which ____________(来自) us being so interested in people.
III. 单项填空
1. (2017?江苏改编) As I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would run into the same difficulties that beat me before. While the hung over my head, there were also signs that I was headed down the right path.
A. excitement B. joy C. anger D. fear
1. (2017?江苏改编) There he decided to give the cello（大提琴）a . When he began practicing, he took it very casually.
A. change B. chance C. mission D. fun_ction
3. (2017?江苏改编) He tried to hide his pleasure from the music teacher, who had wandered over to listen.
A. transparent B. obvious C. false D. similar
4. (2014?重庆) That leaky faucet somehow awakened me to the fact that I now had to __________ the challenge of getting things fixed.
A. come up with B. face up with
C. look forward to D. step away from
5. (2015?安徽改编) How did we a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it…
A. face B. become
C. observe D. change
6. (2014?天津改编) difficult decisions, she used to tell me, you wouldn’t know whether you make the right choice, but you could always make the best out of the situation...
A. Depending on B. Supplied with
C. Faced with D. Insisting on
7. (2014?江西) Anyway, we’re here now, so let’s ___________some serious work.
A. come up with B. get down to
C. do away with D. live up to
8. (2015?湖北) The team are working hard to ________ the problem so that they can find the best solution.
A. face B. prevent
C. raise D. analyze
9. (2016?天津) Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ________ her opinion on the subject.
A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on
C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on
10. (2016?江苏) Many businesses started up by college students have ___________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
A. fallen off B. taken off
C. turned off D. left off
11. (2015?天津) Tom had to____________ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
A. turn in B. turn down
C. turn over D. turn to
12. (2015?湖北) Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ___________ sooner or later.
A. stand out B. break up
C. get out D. turn up
13. (2014?安徽) When the sports hero ___________ at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.
A. turned up B. left off
C. moved on D. got away
14. (2014?浙江)How could you ____________ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months.
?? A. turn off?????????? B. turn in
C. turn down????????? D. turn to
15. (2014?北京改编)Mr. Brown waited a while before saying, ＂ Since this student worked so hard on the posters, she deserves a , too.
A. prize B. rank C. rest D. place
16. (2015?安徽改编) All around the world, we can see the of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.
A. advantages B. purposes
C. functions D. consequences
17. (2015?陕西改编) Mum and I became angry with him for placing our family in trouble. With , an uncomfortable silence grew between us.
A. time B. patience C. speed D. ease
I. 单词拼写
1. crossroads 2. false
3. misread 4. fun_ction
5. rank 6. subjective21世纪教育网版权所有
7. anger 8. misunderstanding
17. yawn 18. hug
19. greet 20. representing
21. subjective 22. false
23. approaching 24. major
25. fun_ction
II. 单句语法填空
1. anger 2. hugged
3. ease 4. willing
5. amazing 6. curiosity
7. spoken 8. agreement
9. gestures 10. close
III. 完成句子
1. when crossing the street
2. Hosting the Olympic Games
3. Judging from his facial expression
4. attended by many people
5. It’s bad manners
I. 完形填空
【语篇解读】本文讲述了Maureen的一次经历。
1. D 从文章来看，孩子们跑来跑去，是高兴、兴奋的表现，所以他们＂兴奋地＂叫喊着。下文的With growing excitement是线索提示。2-1-c-n-j-y
6. A 由＂When she __7__ what had been running for, she stopped running.＂可知Maureen跟着他们跑了一阵。21*cnjy*com
7. B 后面几句话描写的都是Maureen＂看到＂的。
8. C 上文提到＂有些孩子在小摊那儿＂，可知＂他们买过东西＂，现在又在＂买＂。
9. D 由句子＂a calm middle-aged woman was selling a great variety of small rubbish.＂可知＂小摊开门营业＂。
10. B 由＂The toy stall was __9__ and they were crowded around it.＂可推知中年妇女的位置是在＂小摊＂的后面。
11. C 从＂in exchanging for...＂来看，是用钱来交换东西。
12. A 由最后一句＂She rubbed almost round the tree, her eyes on the ground.＂可知，当时＂她靠着一棵树＂。
13. D 比较四个选项，spending最符合语境，这句话的意思是＂花钱的想法如同强流一般，冲洗着她的脸＂。
14. A 这句话意思是＂放下刚才买的东西，好腾出手看钱包里还有多少钱＂。
15. B 由句子＂Maureen leaned against a __12__, looking on＂可知Maureen一直在看着。
16. C 从句子＂She shut her eyes and __18__ eagerly for some money, for the price of a set of toy plates.＂可知＂Maureen渴望这些东西＂。
II. 短文改错
In the summer holiday following my birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, once I started the car, my mind blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the , ＂Speed up!＂ ＂Slow down!＂ ＂ left!＂ I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes , the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle the road.
第一处：eighteen改为eighteenth 考查数词。句意：在我十八岁生日后的那个暑假。eighteen意思为＂十八，十八个＂，表示数量，eighteenth表示＂第十八个的＂，故将eighteen改为eighteenth。
第二处：first前加the/my 考查冠词。句意：我依然记得第一天是多么艰难。句中特指开始学驾照的第一天，所以在first前加上the。也可以加上my，my first day表示＂我（学驾照）的第一天＂，故在first前加the或my。
第三处：so改为but/yet 考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白，前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but或yet。
第四处：goes改为went 考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。
第五处：word改为words 考查单复数。句意：教练一直喊＂加速！＂＂减速！＂＂左转！＂。word＂单词，消息＂，words 可以表示为word的复数，也表示某人说的话，这里指教练说的那些话，故将word改为words。
第六处：Turning改为Turn 考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知教练的话＂加速＂，＂减速＂，＂左转＂都是祈使句，根据前文＂Speed up!＂ ＂Slow down!＂也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形，故将Turning改为Turn。
第九处：suddenly改为sudden 考查形容词。句意：我来了个紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示＂意外地，忽然地＂。sudden为形容词，表示＂突然的；迅速的＂，修饰名词stop用形容词，故将suddenly改为sudden。a sudden stop表示＂急刹车＂。
第十处：on改为of 考查介词。分析语境可知此处表示＂在路中间急刹车＂，on the road表示＂在路上＂，the middle of the road表示＂路的中央＂，强调的是＂the middle＂，故将on改为of。
I. 单词拼写
1. functions 2. hug
3. true 4. hug
5. face
II. 完成句子
1. was impressed with 2. was impressed with
3. When it comes to 4. comes to life
5. comes from
III. 单项填空
1. D 【解析】根据上文I was filled with the fear that ...可知，尽管恐惧围绕在我的脑海。A. 兴奋；B. 快乐，高兴；C. 生气；D. 恐惧。故选D。
2. B 【解析】考查名词。Gabriel准备试一下大提琴，给大提琴一次机会，即尝试演奏一下大提琴。change改变；chance机会；mission任务；fun_ction功能。故选B。
3. B 【解析】考查形容词。Gabriel不想让音乐老师看到自己表露出来的很明显的喜悦之情，transparent指(谎言、借口)易看穿的；obvious明显的，显然的；false假的；similar相似的。故选B。
4. B 【解析】语境是＂水龙头的滴漏使我清醒过来，我必须面对现实生活中的困难＂。A. come up with提出、想到；B. face up with面对；C. look forward to期盼；D. step away from远离、躲避。B项正确。
5. B 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. 面对；B. 变得；C. 观察，庆祝；D. 改变。根据＂First of all...＂可知，这里讲的是乱扔垃圾的原因，故选B。
9. A 【解析】句意：玛丽在讨论的前一部分是沉默的，但是最后她说出自己对这个话题的观点。A. 将……说出，透露，表明；B. 注意，照看；C.对……充耳不闻；D.踏上。根据语境，故选A。
10. B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B项正确。
11. B 【解析】句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。A. turn in 上交；B. turn down拒绝；C. turn over 移交；D. turn to求助。根据句意可知选B。
12. D 【解析】句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。A项＂突出＂；B项＂结束，解散，分手＂；C项＂出去，出版，被泄露＂；D项＂出现，露面＂。故选D项。
13. A 【解析】句意：当体育英雄在我们的聚会上出现的时候，他受到热烈的欢迎。turned up出现。
14. C 【解析】A.turn off关掉；B. turn in 上交；C. turn down拒绝；D. turn to转向。因为后面叙述了他失业了，对于拒绝这么好的工作而感到不理解。句意：既然你已经失业几个月了，你怎么会拒绝这么好的工作？根据句意故选C。
15. A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析和语境。语境是＂因为努力画了这些海报，这位同学值得奖励＂。prize奖励；rank等级，秩序；rest休息；place地点，位置。
16. D 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. 有点，有利条件；B. 目的；C. 功能，作用；D. 后果。根据下句可知，这里指的是乱扔垃圾的后果，故选D。
17. A 【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。time时间；patience耐心；speed速度；ease轻松。后句句意：随着时间的过去，一种不舒服的沉默在我们之间滋长。选A。
Unit 4 Body language
Grammar：v-ing形式作定语、状语
一、v-ing形式作定语
1. 单个的v-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般有两种含义：
(1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room= a room for reading 阅览室
running shoes= shoes for running 跑鞋
a working method = a method of working 工作方法
a sewing machine 缝纫机
a swimming pool 游泳池
a drawing board 画板
a dining car 餐车
a driving permit 驾驶许可证
a walking stick 手杖
a singing competition 歌咏比赛
(2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近于一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody一个令人困惑的问题
a disappointing play令人失望的戏剧
an astonishing adventure惊人的冒险
boiling water正在沸腾的水
a sleeping baby熟睡的婴儿
a barking dog狂吠的狗
the setting sun落日
the coming week下一周
failing sight逐渐衰退的视力
?The working people are masters of our country. 劳动人民是我们国家的主人。
?Let sleeping dogs lie. 不要惹麻烦。
2. 作定语的v-ing形式如果是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。
?The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. 装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去。
?They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
?The book being discussed a lot will be published next month. 人们谈论很多的那本书下一个月将出版。
3. 有些情况下，v-ing形式不能用来作定语，必须使用定语从句。
(1)作定语的v-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如果两者不能同时发生，则需使用定语从句。
【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.
【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.
昨天来的教授将要给我们做一个讲座。
(2)v-ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。
【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。
【特别注意】
v-ing形式可以单独作定语，也可以构成合成词作定语，但是在更多情况下是分词短语作定语，包括限制性和非限制性(用逗号和其他部分分开)，在意义上相当于一个定语从句。21教育网
?The baby recognized his mother’s smiling face.那个婴儿能认出他妈妈的笑脸。
?The lecture, starting at 7:00 p. m. last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.昨晚7:00开始的那个讲座之后是用望远镜观察月亮。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
二、v-ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式(短语)可以在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，用来表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。表示时间、原因或条件时，通常位于句子的前部；表示方式、伴随或结果时，通常位于句子的后部。
1. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句
?Hearing the noise, I turned round.=When I heard the noise, I turned round. 听到响声我转过身去。
2. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句
?Being too young, he couldn’t join the army.=Because he was too young, he couldn’t join the army.因为年轻，他不能参军。
3. 作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句
?Working hard, you’ll succeed.=If you work hard, you’ll succeed. 努力工作，你会成功的。
4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句
动词-ing短语作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时它的前面可带有连词although，whether，even if，even though等。
?Admitting what she said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.=Although/Though I admit what she said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best. 尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。
5. 作方式状语或伴随状语
?He walked down the river, singing softly to himself.=He walked down the river and sang softly to himself. 他沿着河流一边走，一边轻轻地唱。
6. 表示结果，作结果状语，相当于结果状语从句。
通常放在句末，中间有逗号隔开，表示一种自然的、顺理成章的结果。
?His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan.=His parents died in the war so that he became an orphan. 他的父母在战争中死亡，以致他成了孤儿。
【特别注意】
不一样的结果状语
现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。
【拓展延伸】动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项：
1. 动词-ing形式的时态
动词-ing(短语)作状语时，要注意它的时间性，即注意是用其一般式(doing)还是用完成式(having done)。
当动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用一般式。当它的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用完成式。
?Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine. 我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
?Having finished the letter, he went to post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的。)
2. 动词-ing形式的否定式
动词-ing形式的否定式是在它的前面加not。
?Not seeing John, I asked where he was. 我看不见约翰，于是问他在什么地方。
3. 动词-ing形式的语态
使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。
?Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(they是被带领着参观) 被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
4. 动词-ing形式作评注性状语
有少数动词-ing(短语)并不表示主语的动作，即不存在其逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致的问题，只是表示说话人的态度。常这样用的有：
generally/frankly/properly/...speaking一般/坦白/恰当……说来
judging from/by...从……判断
considering...考虑到……
supposing...假设……
语法填空
Mary Smith looked at the beautiful ripe plums (梅子). They would make lovely jam. When she had finished the __1__(cook), she filled all her empty jam jars __2__(leave) the rest of the jam in the pan. She would put it in the fridge when it was cooler. But just then the telephone rang. __3__(learn) that her mother was in hospital after a car accident, Mary picked up her bag and ran out of the house.21教育名师原创作品
Some days later, her husband, John, came home from a business trip. He had been traveling all day and felt like __4__(have) a drink and a piece of cake. __5__(enter) the kitchen he saw a pan with a dark red mess inside it. He lifted it up and smelled it. It smelled bad. __6__(think) Mary must have forgotten to clean this pan, he poured all the jam into the chicken yard and cleaned the pan. Then __7__(feel) comfortable, he began to eat a piece of cake.
When Mary returned, she noticed the chickens __8__(behave) strangely. They were running round the yard as if they were sick. She saw the dark red mess on the ground and went closer. __9__(see) a plum stone she went into the kitchen. Her husband was at the table __10__(read) a newspaper. Angrily Mary rushed up to him __11__(shout)＂You threw away my jam!＂ Her husband said. ＂I’m sorry but I thought it was porridge __12__(go) bad in the hot weather.＂
【答案】
1.cooking 2.leaving
3.Having learned 4.having
5.Entering 6.Thinking
7.feeling 8.behaving
9.Seeing 10.reading
11.shouting 12. having gone
I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. ________ (seat) himself by a table, the gentleman asked the waiter for a cup of coffee politely.
2. The party will be held in the garden, weather ________ (permit).
3. I’m afraid we’ll have to work extra hours, for there are still some problems remaining ________ (settle). 2·1·c·n·j·y
4. To catch the first train, they went ________ (run) all the way.
5. The student stood in front of the door, not ________ (know) what to do.
6. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter ________ (offer) him it.
7. The mother hurried to work, ________ (leave) her son alone at home.
8. The old man, ________ (work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
9. ________ (stand) in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a new iPad.
10. ________ (suffer) from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
II. 同义句转换
1. After we cleaned the rooms we began to clean up our dormitories.
the rooms we began to clean up our dormitories.
2. Because he was ill, he couldn’t book the flight.
he couldn’t book the flight.
3. Working hard, you will certainly succeed.
work hard, you will certainly succeed.
4. My car was caught in a traffic jam, which caused the delay.
My car was caught in a traffic jam, the delay.
5. While you are approaching the crossroads, you must be careful.
While the crossroads, you must be careful.
III. 根据汉语提示用v.-ing形式完成句子
1. Our maths teacher gave a further explanation, .(使它解决起来更容易).
2. (坦率地说), the resources in the world are very limited.
3. (由于年龄太大), he can’t calculate the result quickly.
4. (如果开车太快), you will damage the car.
5. The missing boy was last seen (在河边玩耍).
I. 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
1 One of the best things you can possibly do is to start your own club. It’s great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels there’s never anything to do during the school holidays.
The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club. 2 Pets, clothes, pop music or dancing groups, sports, making things? The list is endless.
Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. 3 All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing as you.
4 You should all sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up. That’ll keep you busy for ages.
At your first meeting you should make up a rule book. And the first rule should be no grown-ups or little/big brothers or sisters! The best clubs are always secret!
Now you have just about everything you need, except membership cards. These are very important and again you can speed a lot of time making them. 5 Why not leave some space for a photo of yourself? That will make the membership card really look like it.
So there you are, get clubbing! Once you get started you’ll think of loads of more interesting things to do!
A. That’s easy.
B. Enjoy your own club!
D. What are you interest in?
D. Invite a designer to join you.
E. Some vacation is just around the corner.
F. Then you need to pick a name for your club.
G. Use a bright thick pen to make a special design.www.21-cn-jy.com
II. 书面表达
在日常生活中，我们可以同时用话语和肢体语言来表达我们的思想和想法以及与他人交流。那么你知道下面三幅图中的肢体语言代表什么意思吗？请结合图片信息，用英语谈一谈你对肢体语言的认识与看法。词数：不少于100。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. 语法填空
1. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编) It took three years to complete and was built (use) an interesting method.【版权所有：21教育】
2. (2017·新课标全国卷III改编) Sarah was told / has been told (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel ______________(earn) a million dollars in the next year.
3. (2017·浙江改编) Others say it’s only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, ______________(see) it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.
4. (2017·浙江改编) At the start of this year, foreigners ______________(live) in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.
5. (2017·浙江改编) For new reporters, this can seem like a ______________(challenge) task.
6. (2017·浙江改编) Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came ______________(run) from the house.
7. (2017·北京改编)TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing, ______________(bring) a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month.
II. 写出下列画线词在句中所作成分
1. (2017·新课标全国卷III改编) For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
2. (2017·新课标全国卷III改编) Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: ＂The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.
3. (2017·北京改编)Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.【出处：21教育名师】
III. 单项填空
1. (2017·北京) Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online __________ their valuable time.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved
2. (2017·江苏) Many Chinese brands, ____________ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.
A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing
3. (2017·天津)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____________ more patients to be treated.
A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed
4. (2017·北京) Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ____________ their valuable time.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved
5. (2017·北京) The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _____________ from butterflies to elephants.
A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged
6. (2017·北京) Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _____________ with his students.
A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent
7. (2016·北京) __________ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
A. Ordering B. To order
C. Having ordered D. Ordered
8. (2016·天津) The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, _________ air conditioning unnecessary.
A. making B. to make
C. made D. being made
9. (2016·浙江) I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.
A. working B. work
C. to work D. worked
10. (2015·湖南) When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ___________ whether to stay or leave.
A. wondering B. wonder
C. to wonder D. wondered
11. (2015·北京)___________the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
A. Catching B. Caught
C. To catch D. Catch
12. (2015·重庆) Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way__________ the sun and the stars.
A. used B. having used
C. using D. use
13. (2015·天津) __________ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A. To work B. Worked
C. To be working D. Having worked
14. (2015·天津) __________ in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
A. To absorb B. To be absorbed
C. Absorbed D. Absorbing
15. (2014·湖南) There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, ___________ at the night sky.21cnjy.com
A. to stare B. staring
C. stared D. having stared
16. (2014·天津) Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit.21世纪教育网版权所有
A. to find B. found
C. finding D. having found
17. (2014·山东) There is a note pinned to the door ___________ when the shop will open again.
A. saying B. says
C. said D. having said
18. (2014·江西) ___________nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.
A. Having spent B. To spent
C. Spent D. To have spent
19. (2014·福建) ___________the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.www-2-1-cnjy-com
A. Spending B. Spent
C. Having spent D. To spend
20. (2016·浙江) To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study __________ in Australia in 2012.
A. having conducted B. to be conducted
C. conducting D. conducted
21. (2015·福建) In recent years an English word ＂infosphere＂ has appeared, __________the sense of ＂information＂ and ＂ atmosphere＂.
A. combine B. combined
C. combining D. being combined
22. (2015·大纲全国卷) Today there are more airplanes___________ more people than ever before in the skies.
A. carry B. carrying
C. carried D. to be carrying
23. (2014·北京) Last night, there were millions of people __________ the opening ceremony live on TV.
A.watch B. to watch
C. watched D. watching
24. (2014·山东) There is a note pinned to the door____________ when the shop will open again.
A. saying B. says
C. said D. having said
25. (2013·江苏) Lionel Messi, __________the record for the most goals in a calendar year，is considered the most talented football player in Europe.21·世纪*教育网
A. set B. setting
C. to set D. having set
I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Seating 【解析】句意：这位绅士在桌旁坐好后，礼貌地向服务生要了一杯咖啡。seat为及物动词，＂使(自己)就座＂，其逻辑主语为the gentleman，所以用现在分词形式。21*cnjy*com
2. permitting 【解析】句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园中举行。逗号前后两部分的主语不同，由此可判断逗号后面部分是独立主格结构，weather与permit之间是主谓关系，所以用permitting。
6. offering 【解析】句意：John已经得到了这份工作，因为他给我看了提供他这份工作的公函。offer与the official letter之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语在句中充当后置定语。
7. leaving 【解析】the mother与leave为主动关系，故在该句中用leaving作结果状语。
8. having worked 【解析】句意：这位老人，在国外工作二十年以后，踏上了回国之路。因为＂在国外工作二十年＂发生在回国之前，所以应该用现在分词的完成式作状语。21*cnjy*com
9. Standing 【解析】句意：我们站在长长的队伍中等商店开门了买新款iPad。逻辑主语we与动词stand之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作伴随状语。
10. Having suffered 【解析】句意：因为患有多年的心脏病，怀特教授去哪儿都带着药。因为患病在先，所以应该用现在分词的完成式作状语。
II. 同义句转换
1. Having cleaned 2. Being ill
3. If you 4. causing
5. approaching
III. 根据汉语提示用v-ing形式完成句子
1. making it easier to work it out
2. Frankly speaking
3. Being too old
4. Driving too fast
5. playing near the river
I. 七选五
【语篇解读】就假期中如何创办俱乐部进行具体的说明。本文可分为三部分：第一部分从第一段到第四段，说明创办俱乐部的四个步骤，通过first，next，then等顺序进行说明；第二部分由第五段和第六段组成，说明俱乐部的后续工作，如第一次会议和会员卡的准备，通过first，now等体现说明顺序；第三部分是第七段，建议创办俱乐部后要想出更多的要做的事情。文章层次十分清晰。
4. F 【解析】根据下句＂你们应该带着一些纸坐在某个地方，写下你们能想起的名字＂，可知本句应该是F，＂然后你需要为俱乐部选一个名字。
5. G 【解析】本段大意是做会员卡，作者在指导如何做会员卡。因而选择G比较适合本段大意，＂使用一支亮而粗的笔作出特别设计。
II. 书面表达
We all know that we can use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions and to communicate with other people in our daily life. And body language will surely make our words come to life. Different body language has different meanings. For example, the thumbs-up gesture means ＂great＂ or ＂good job＂, shaking one’s head means ＂no＂, while nodding means ＂yes＂. However, a gesture may have different meanings in different cultures. So we ought to use them properly according to the country where we stay. Or we will be misunderstood by the native people. In order to use body language correctly and properly, we should firstly learn the culture and custom of the country as much as we can.
I. 语法填空
1. using 2. earning
3. seeing 4. living
5. challenging 6. running
7. bringing
II. 写出下列画线词在句中所作成分
1. 定语；主语；宾语；宾语；宾语
2. 定语
3. 定语；伴随状语
III. 单项填空
3. B 【解析】句意：近期这个医院得到了新的医疗设备，更多的病人能够得到治疗。前句这个医院得到了新的医疗设备和后面更多的病人能够得到治疗之间是必然的因果关系，用现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。equipment与allow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词的一般式。A. being allowed 表示被动且正在进行；C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动作发生；D. allowed 表示被动且完成。故选B。
4. C 【解析】句意：为了节省乘客的时间，许多航空公司现在允许他们网上打印登机牌。此处是动词不定式表目的，故选C。
5. A 【解析】句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，故选A。
6. D 【解析】句意：Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语，空格只能填非谓语动词，逻辑主语是time，和spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spent。
7. D 【解析】句意：(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。books和order是被动关系，即order books/books are ordered，且动作已完成，故用过去分词作状语，在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered...，故选D。
10. A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v-ing形式作伴随状语，故选A。句意：当那个小职员看到一张善良的面孔泛起皱纹并歉意地一笑时，她像生了根一样站在那儿，不知道是走还是留。
11. C 【解析】句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we，空中用不定式作目的状语，表示提前叫出租车并且早起的目的。故选C。
12. C 【解析】句意：像古代的水手一样，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到它们的路。birds 与use为主动关系，故用现在分词using作方式状语。选C。
13. D 【解析】句意：工作了两天，Steve成功地按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，这里用having worked，表示动作的先后性。故选D。
14. C 【解析】句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，此处在句中作状语，故选C。
15. B 【解析】考查非谓语动词用法。句中的动词stare的逻辑主语是隐含主语I，两者之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。句意：没有比背躺在草地中间，盯着夜空更快乐的事情了。故B正确。
16. A 【解析】句意：她焦急地从包里拿出裙子试穿，结果却发现不合身。＂only +动词不定式＂表示意想不到的结果。found是过去分词，常常表示被动和完成的含义；finding是现在分词，常常表示主动和进行；having found 是-ing的完成式，表示动作发生在先。
17. A 【解析】在这个句子中note和say是主动关系，所以要用saying，此处saying作伴随状语。句意：门上钉着张纸条，写着这家商店什么时候再营业。故答案选A。
18. A 【解析】前后逻辑主语都是we，并且花光钱的动作发生在couldn’t afford之前，该用动词-ing形式的完成式作原因状语。having spend已经花掉；to spend 将要花去；spent 被花去；to have spent将已花去。 因此A选项正确。句意：因为已经几乎用完所有的钱，所以我们住不起旅馆。
19. C 【解析】＂花费＂和其逻辑主语＂Linda＂之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作原因状语，且＂花费＂的动作明显早于＂看起来成熟＂这个动作，表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，用现在分词的完成式。句意：由于Linda过去几年在香港作交换留学生，所以她看起来比她的实际年龄更成熟。
20. D 【解析】句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。使用非谓语动词作定语，study和conduct是被动关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词作定语。B项也表示被动，但是不定式的被动表示将要发生的被动动作。故选D。
23. D 【解析】本题语境是＂昨晚有数百万人看电视上直播的开幕式＂，watch与前面的people构成主动关系，现在分词短语watching…作定语，说明人们在做什么，所以选择D。
24. A 【解析】在这个句子中note和say是主动关系，所以要用saying。此处saying引导的句子作伴随状语。句意：门上钉着张纸条，写着这家商店什么时候再营业。故答案选A。
25. D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Lionel Messi在一年内打破进球最多的记录，他被认为是欧洲最有天赋的足球运动员。set在主句的谓语动词consider之前发生，且与逻辑主语Lionel Messi为主动关系，所以用现在分词的完成式作定语，故选D项。
Writing: 建议信
如何写建议信
1. 建议信写作注意事项
建议信的写作目的是提出建议或忠告，不是投诉信。观点要合情合理，注意礼貌当先。
2. 写作方法
①首段：
a. 简介自己，不要罗嗦；
b. 说明目的，注意语气。
②主体：
a. 提出具体建议；
b. 首先肯定优点，再写改进内容，否则会变成投诉信；
c. 经常进行交流，注意对方感受，时时提到你和我，否则容易跑题写成议论文。
③尾段：总结建议，注意礼貌，使对方易于接受。
3. 写作流程图
说明写信目的
介绍详情、说明原因
提出建议
提出希望采纳建议，并表示谢意，盼望回复
第一部分：说明写信的目的
套语：
(1) 来信收到，得知你下个月要对中国进行一次为期十天的访问，我建议……
I have received your letter saying that you plan to have a ten-day visit to China next month. I recommend that…
(2) 写此信是要提出我对进一步提高和改进饭店管理的建议——建立我们自己的网站来吸引更多的客户。
I am writing to you to present what I think on the further improvement of our hotel so as to establish a website of our own to attract more clients.
第二部分：介绍详情、说明原因
套语：
(1) 它将于下午两点钟开始，四点钟结束，在此期间将会有十五位准备充分的参赛者发表演讲。
It will begin at 2:00 pm and last two hours, during which time 15 well-prepared contestants will deliver their speeches.
(2) 我们将会在上午八点出发，九点到达那里。
We will start at 8:00 am and arrive there at 9:00.
(3) 下午，我们会一起……
During the afternoon, we’ll...together.
(4) 记得带上水和午餐。
Remember to take water and lunch with you.
(5) 顺便说一下，你可以乘坐322路公交车，它会直接把你带到俱乐部。
By the way, you may take Bus No. 322 and it will take you directly to the club.
(6) 我知道你的母语是英语，还是一名英语老师。我代表我们学校真诚地邀请你来比赛现场。
I know you are a native speaker of English and an English teacher, and I, on behalf of our school, sincerely invite you to be part of the contest.
(7) 既然你如此渴望提高英语，这会是一个很好的机会。
Since you are so eager to improve your English, it will prove to be a great chance.
(8) 我保证你在那里会过得很愉快。
I’m sure that you will enjoy yourself there.
第三部分：提出建议
套语：
我建议……
I’d like to suggest that…
May I suggest that…?
In my opinion…
I would like to make a recommendation that…
I am writing to advise…
If I were you, I would…
第四部分：希望采纳建议，并表示谢意，盼望回复
套语：
(1) 对你就此事的关注不胜感激。
Thank you for your attention.
(2) 请仔细考虑我的建议，谢谢。
Please take good consideration of my advice. Thanks.2-1-c-n-j-y
【写作模板】
Dear________,
You have asked me for my advice with regard to________________, and I will try to make some conducive suggestions here.21·cn·jy·com
In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions: ________________(建议的内容).
I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.
Good luck with your________________(祝愿).
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
(2017·北京)你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择：＂长江之行＂或者＂泰山之旅＂。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1. 你建议的线路；
2. 你的理由；
3. 你的祝愿。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Yours,
Li Hua
【写作思路】
本文为提纲类作文。首先，学生要仔细阅读提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确有哪些要点。其次，要注意提纲是文章的总体框架，要在提纲的范围内进行分析、构思和想象。要依据提示情景或词语，?按照一定逻辑关系来写。?最后，要根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；语言表达要符合英语习惯。本文是一封信，按照内容要求可以确定文章的框架结构，三段式，其中第一段写你所建议的路线，第二部分是本文的主体，要阐述你所建议的路线的原因，好让他们有很好的掌握，最后一段，提出你的祝愿。写作时要注意准确运用时态、语态、上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。根据句意适当使用并列连词，同时也要合理运用高级词汇和高级句子为文章增色添彩。
【参考范文】
Dear Jim,
I’m happy to receive your letter and know you’re coming to China.
Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are highly recommended. Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. You can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people. Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many well-known sightseeing spots. That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.
Hope you’ll have a good time in China.
Yours,
Li Hua
【亮点说明】
本文内容齐全，结构严谨，层次分明，布局合理，语言精练，同时运用高级句子。表语从句的使用：That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.；高级词汇的使用：highly recommended；连接词的合理使用：Personally，moreover。
假如你叫李明，你有一位来自英国的朋友Mike。他与父母一道来到了中国。初来乍到，他发现自己在家时所学的汉语根本就不够用。因此，他给你发来一封电子邮件，向你请教如何提高汉语听说能力。请根据下面的提示，给他回一封邮件。邮件的内容包含如下要点：
1. 邮件已收到，理解他所遇到的问题；
2. 提出如下建议：在课内课外要多说汉语，应尽可能用汉语与同学交流，不要担心犯错误；在家看电视时，多注意节目主持人(presenter)的发音，以便提高听力水平；
3. 祝愿他学习取得进步。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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【审题谋篇】
体裁
电子邮件
话题
提出建议
时态
一般现在时
人称
第一、二人称
【参考范文】
Dear Mike,
I have received your e-mail and I understand your problem.
Here is my advice for improving your Chinese.Firstly, speak Chinese more, both in and out of class. Try your best to communicate with your classmates in Chinese. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes because making mistakes is quite natural. I think the more you speak, the better your Chinese will be. Secondly, in order to improve your listening, you should pay more attention to TV presenters when watching TV at home. I’m sure you will make great progress with time going on.
In conclusion, I wish you every success with your studies.
Yours,
Li Ming
