中考英语专题复习之完形填空课件（36张PPT）

课件36张PPT。完形填空解题技巧指导 完形填空是近年来玉林市英语中考一直采用的一种综合性很强的测试题型,主要考查考生的语言综合运用能力。完形填空涉及的知识面广,灵活性较高,它不仅能测试考生的英语知识水平和对所学的知识的综合运用能力,而且能反映出考生的阅读理解能力,分析判断能力和逻辑推理能力。完形填空通常选用一篇200个单词左右的短文,给出10个空格,每空1分；一般采用故事体裁，尽量避免专业性太强的文章。题型突破 完形填空与语法选择不同。语法选择侧重考查某个词在具体语言环境里的不同形式,而完形填空主要考查在具体的语言环境里用不同的词,侧重于词与词之间的意思的区别。完形填空要求考生既要运用自己所学过的词汇、习惯用语、固定搭配、语法、句法等基础知识理解每个句子,又要处理好句子与句子之间以及句子与全文之间的内在联系。主要测试考生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、题型突破词语辨析、习惯用法或固定搭配等方面的能力,以及对所学英语知识的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力和逻辑推理判断能力等,因而该题型能较全面地反映考生对所学知识的掌握程度。
完形填空题以考查实词为主，主要包括名词、动词、形容词、副词及相关短语。从近几年的玉林市中考试题看来,完形填空越来越强调对上下文以及通篇文章的理解。题型突破要做好完形填空,必须掌握一定的解题方法和技巧,才能尽量做到在有能力得分的题上不丢分。完形填空解题步骤是：通览——试填——复核。解题技巧1.通览——通读全文，领会大意。2.试填——逐句阅读，选出答案 。3.复查——猜测难点、整体复查。1、通读全文，领会大意（2－3分钟） 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。
通过通览全文、领会大意,概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等，并找出信息词。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。
完形填空解题步骤2、逐句阅读，选出答案 （6－7分钟） 要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。
在理解全文意思的基础上，紧扣全文内容,联系上下文和语境,展开逻辑推理,注意从上下文中寻找线索,注意从词语的意义、搭配、惯用法、常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。(以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。)
对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。3.猜测难点、整体复查（2－3分钟） 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。

完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、语法正确、首尾呼应。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。 1、利用首句/首段信息解题
命题者往往通过文章的首句或首段揭示文章的主旨大意，体现文章的题材、体裁，或提供某些导向性信息。这个首句或首段就是对整篇文章内容的概括和总结。同学们可以通过领悟首句或首段，把握文章的主题和文章的导向性（或作者态度的倾向 性），从而在整体上把握文章内容。合理运用六大技巧把握语境 【例1】（2017年玉林市一模）Everybody makes decisions in daily life. Any decision could be the turning point of your life. I made an important decision when I was in Junior 3. Before I made that decision, I didn’t 36 my parents and teachers, and my grades became poor.
At the turning point of my life, my mom had a 37 with me. Instead of asking me to study hard,…
(从首句可知，整篇文章关于日常生活中“做决定”的故事，作者写了自己的人生中的一次重要决定。)
A. listen to B. hear of C. hear about D. hear
A. quarrel B. conversation C. speech D. meeting2. 运用语境信息解题 近年来中考英语完形填空的特点是重点考查语 境。所谓语境，就是文章的上下文，包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。另外，中考完形填空题型中，选项所给的四个词的词性和意义相同或相近。如果脱离语境或只看句子的一部分，可能会有两个或两个以上的答案；若放在整篇文章提供的语境中，利用上下文提供的各种信息综合分析，则只有一个最佳答案。这种解题信息分前置信息和后置信息两种。所以在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章内容，区分文章的结构层次和逻辑关系，同时认真比较所给选项，从中选出最符合上下文语境的答案。(1) 运用“前置信息”【例2】（2016年玉林市一模）Alicia was a young woman who liked to exercise for her health. In fact, she walked five kilometers before breakfast every morning, and went swimming once a week at the swimming pool. She didn’t smoke and never 36 . She didn’t eat chocolate. She didn’t eat sweet and fatty food, 37 . She weighted herself every day. 36. A. exercised B. drank C. walked D. slept 37. A. too B. also C. either D. still(2) 运用“后置信息” 【例3】（2015年玉林中考） After saying goodbye, the lady continued down the road until she reached a small __42__ where she decided to stop for something to eat. As the pretty waitress took her order, the lady noticed she was nearly eight months pregnant（怀孕）. The waitress looked tired and week, __43__ she was very kind. As the lady was going to pay the $10 bill, she remembered Ted’s words.
42. A. restaurant B. bookstore C. cinema D. library
3. 运用生活常识和文化背景知识解题 完形填空题的选文为独立的语篇，它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，但有时渗透着文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积极调动自己的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，必能轻松解题。【例4】（2016年玉林中考）An old man was fishing on the bank of a river. A child came to see him fishing. The old man was really good 36 fishing and it didn’t take long for him to 37 a full basket of fish. The old man saw that the child was very cute, and he wanted to give her a whole basket of fish. But the child 38 her head. The old man was 39 and asked, “Why don’t you want the fish?” 37. A. catch B. bring C. take D. carry
A. nodded B. shook C. carried D. lifted
( catch 表示“抓鱼”)(常识可知，“摇头”表示“不”的意思)4. 运用语法知识解题 解答本题型中个别考查语法知识的题目，要注意词语在句中要符合词法、句法、结构、习惯等要求。这就要求我们要分析句子结构，明确搭配关系，从惯用法、固定搭配的知识等方面来考虑进行选择。
【例5】（2016年玉林中考） An old man was fishing on the bank of a river. A child came to see him fishing. The old man was really good 36 fishing and it didn’t take long for him to 37 a full basket of fish.
36. A. in B. at C. with D. for(固定搭配: be good at …表示“擅长…….”)175. 借助相关信息词解题 中考完形填空绝大多数题目的四个选项的词性和意义相同或相近, 单从本句看可能会有两个甚至更多的答案，但有时在上下文中会有一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词、近义词或反义词等，能为确定正确选项提供依据。在解题过程中，同学们要充分利用这些信息词进行合理的推测判断，从而选出最佳答案。 【例6】（2016年玉林中考） I think you will 41 say that the child is very smart. Wrong! If she doesn’t know 42 to fish, she can not have fish to eat, even though she has the fishing rod. It’s 43 to only have a fishing rod. Fishing skills are the 44 important, not the fishing rod.
41. A. certainly B. mainly C. finally D. exactly
A.what B. how C. when D. where
43. A. homeless B. harmless C. careless D. useless 6. 运用语篇标志语解题 语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段 落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为“语篇标志语”。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语first, second, finally等；表示因果关系的because, so等，表示改变话题的by the way；表示递进关系的besides, what’s more等，表示转折关系的but, while, on the other hand等 等。做题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。
【例7】（2016年玉林中考）
1) The old man saw that the child was very cute, and he wanted to give her a whole basket of fish. But the child 38 her head.
38. A. nodded B. shook C. carried D. lifted2) (2016年秋玉林市九年级期末检测）
Almost everyone has some kinds of hobbies: They may be something from collecting stamps to 39 model planes. Some hobbies are very 40 , but others don’t cost anything at all. Some collections are worth a lot of money, others are valuable(有价值的) only to their 41.
40. A. interesting B. boring C. cheap D. expensiveExercises for you:阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
When Rebecca was a middle school student，she was often bullied(欺凌).At that time，she didn’t want to tell others. However，she now thinks people who are bullied should talk about their __1__.
Rebecca says that many people who are bullied __2__ in silence. She says that although she __3__ heard a lot about bullying when she was in primary school，she never thought it would happen to her.
Rebecca told us that the bullying began when she went to middle school. People started making fun of her for being a __4__ student and knowing all the answers.
She went on to say that every time she answered
a question correctly in class，everyone would start shouting and saying that she was too __5__ for them.
She told us that by the end of the year，she was very __6__ about the bullying and became ill. She began to hate school. But __7__ she had a friend who could talk to，and they told their head teacher about her problem. She believes that talking to the teacher __8__ her a lot. They found ways to deal with the problem，and the bullying finally __9_ .
Her __10_is，don’t see yourself as the problem. Nobody should be bullied. But if you don’t tell anyone what is going on，nobody will know that you need help.
【解析】通过通读文章，我们可知：文章讲述了一位叫 Rebecca 的女士认为当我们在学校遇到欺凌的时候应该勇敢说出来。Rebecca在中学时因为成绩好而被同学嘲笑，这一度让她生病和厌学。幸运的是她和朋友向老师反映问题之后，她们找到了解决办法并且最终停止了欺凌。因此Rebecca认为没有人应该被欺凌，当你遭受欺凌时，要勇敢说出来才能让大家知道你需要帮助。When Rebecca was a middle school student，she was often bullied(欺凌).At that time，she didn’t want to tell others. However，she now thinks people who are bullied should talk about their __1__.( ) 1. A. experiences B. jokes C. hobbies D. studies1.A 解析：考查名词。句意：可是她现在认为被欺负的人应该谈论他们的经历。experiences经历；jokes笑话；hobbies 爱好；studies学习。根据下文可知，这里指的是经历，故选A。Rebecca says that many people who are bullied __2__ in silence. She says that although she __3__ heard a lot about bullying when she was in primary school，she never thought it would happen to her.
( ) 2.A.sleep B. laugh C. suffer D. play
( ) 3.A. seldom B. always C. never D. suddenly2.C 解析：考查动词。句意：Rebecca说许多被欺负的人都默默忍着。sleep睡觉；laugh嘲笑；suffer遭受，忍受；play玩。根据At that time, she didn’t want to tell others.可知，一开始认为被欺负的人不想告诉其他的人。
3.B 解析：考查副词。句意：她说在小学的时候尽管听说过被欺负这件事，也没有想到这事会发生在她的身上。seldom很少； always总是；never 从不； suddenly突然。根据“although she __18__ heard a lot about bullying when she was in primary school，she never thought it would happen to her”中although的用法，可知这里应该是总是听说这事，但是感觉不会发生在自己的身上，故选B。Rebecca told us that the bullying began when she went to middle school. People started making fun of her for being a __4__ student and knowing all the answers.
She went on to say that every time she answered
a question correctly in class，everyone would start shouting and saying that she was too __5__ for them.( ) 4.A.bad B. happy C. silent D. good
( ) 5.A. clever B. slow C. noisy D. proud4.D 解析：考查形容词。句意：人们开始捉弄她，因为她是一个好学生。bad 坏的；happy 高兴的；silent沉默的； good好的。根据 knowing all the answers，可知是好学生，故选D。
5.A 解析：考查形容词。句意：对于其他同学来说，她太聪明了。clever 聪明的；slow慢的；noisy 吵闹的； proud自豪的。根据上文提到她是好学生，所以应该是很聪明的。故选A。
She told us that by the end of the year，she was very __6__ about the bullying and became ill. She began to hate school. But __7__ she had a friend who could talk to，and they told their head teacher about her problem. She believes that talking to the teacher __8__ her a lot. They found ways to deal with the problem，and the bullying finally __9_ . ( ) 6. A. pleased B. worried C. satisfied D. amazed
( ) 7.A.usually B. interestingly C. luckily D. strangely
( ) 8.A.surprised B. controlled C. Excited D. helped
( ) 9.A.started B. stopped C. increased D. continued6.B 解析：考查形容词。句意：她告诉我们到年底的时候，她很担心被欺负，然后生病了。 pleased 满意的； worried 担心的； satisfied满意的； amazed吃惊的。固定短语be worried about...担忧……，故选B。
7.C 解析：考查副词。句意：但是幸运的是她有一个可以倾诉的好朋友，他们把这个事情告诉了她的班主任。usually 通常；interestingly 有趣地；luckily 幸运地； strangely奇怪地。前文说她开始厌学，后文but表转折，可推测出是很幸运的，故选C。8.D 解析：考查动词。句意：她相信与老师交谈对她有很大的帮助。surprised 使吃惊；controlled控制；excited使兴奋；helped帮助；根据They found ways to deal with the problem可知，老师找到一些方法来解决这些问题，故选D。
9.B 解析：考查动词。句意：欺凌现象最后停止了。started 开始；stopped 停止；increased 增长；continued继续；根据Nobody should be bullied可知，欺凌现象没有了，故选B。 Her __10_is，don’t see yourself as the problem. Nobody should be bullied. But if you don’t tell anyone what is going on，nobody will know that you need help.( ) 10. A. problem B. agreement C. condition D. advice10.D 解析：考查名词。句意：她的建议是不要把它看作是自己的问题。problem问题；agreement 同意；condition条件； advice意见。前文是寻求老师帮助，所以此处应该为建议，故选D。
34备战完形填空——能力必备一、快速阅读能力
二、词汇辨析能力
三、词汇搭配的理解能力
四、逻辑推断能力
五、运用常识能力
六、揣测作者意图的能力35如何提高能力技巧一、提高阅读能力（速度、理解）
二、打好语法基础 （固定搭配）
三、扩充词汇量（动词、名词）
四、增长生活常识，培养广泛的兴趣爱好
五、多做多练，以提高实战能力Thank you for listening!