Unit13样张
【教材分析】
本单元教学内容为人教版Book 9 Unit13，主要围绕着有关保护环境这一话题，以 “谈论污染和保护环境”为交际功能，让学生认识环境问题及谈论如何保护环境。重点在这些语境中复习正在进行时、现在完成时和被动语态等。本单元选取了与教材、生活实际都密切相关的问题进行探究，从而让学生分辨是非，并且教给大家如何保护濒危动物，如何通过回收利用等方式来保护地球。增强他们的环保意识，让学生受到良好的思想教育。
Section A
第1课时（1a - 2d）
【快乐预习】
一、词组翻译
1. 通往……
2.关闭
3. 扮演角色
4. 打扫卫生
5. 减少
6.代替
7. 起作用，有影响
8. 过去常……
二、. 根据句意及所给首字母提示，补全句中所缺单词
9. I think Jane’s kite is beautiful. However, Tina’s is u__________.21世纪教育网版权所有
10. As you can see, our desks are w__________, not plastic.21教育网
11. There are tea leaves in the b___________ of my cup.21cnjy.com
12. People who drop l___________ can be fined (罚款) in some cities. 21·cn·jy·com
13. She had the a___________ of a good education, so she got the job.www.21-cn-jy.com
【学海导航】
1. We’re trying to save the earth! 我们正在竭尽全力拯救地球!（教材P97）
try to do sth，表示“设法或尽力去做某事”，实际上做与不做，视情况而定，而try doing表示“试着做”，即动作真的进行了或正在进行，成败则视结果而定。例
【例】Every student should try to study hard in order to study in a university.为了进入大学学习，每个学生都应该努力学习。2·1·c·n·j·y
【练习】We must try ______( finish) our work every day.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
【答案】finishing
【解析】try to do sth努力/尽力去做某事，故填finishing
2、. Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish. （教材P97）www-2-1-cnjy-com
Yes, but people are throwing litter into the river.2-1-c-n-j-y
litter 和 rubbish 都可指“垃圾”，用作不可数名词。
rubbish 指“没用的东西(被扔或将要丢弃的无用的东西)”不可回收。
litter 指“(室内或公共场所)乱扔的废物(纸屑、不要的包装纸、废瓶等)”还可回收
【例】 Throw the rubbish out. 把垃圾扔出去。 The room is full of rubbish. 房间里堆满了垃圾。 Pick up your litter after a picnic. 野餐后将废弃物收拾好。 21*cnjy*com
3、 But it used to be so clean! 但是它过去是如此的干净！（教材P97）
1.used to do意思为过去常常做某事，是表达一般过去时态，它的一般疑问句句型为：Did +主语+use to do? 常与其混淆的结构有：be used to do/for doing(被用于做某事), be/get used to doing(习惯于做某事)。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
【例】I used to be able to see stars in the sky. 我过去常常能在天空中看到星星。
Knives are used to cut things./ Knives are used for cutting things 刀是用于切东西的。
On school days, he is used to getting up early. 在上学的日子，他习惯于早起。
2.so clean意思为如此的干净。so和such 都有“如此的，这样的”意思，区别是：so后接形容词，而such修饰名词。例如：so beautiful a girl(如此漂亮的一个女孩)such a beautiful girl(如此漂亮的一个女孩） 但形容词表示多少时，一般用so, 如so many books(如此多的书)。
【练习】根据中文完成句子
（1）你过去常常留长发吗？ you have long hair?
【答案】(1) Did use to
【解析】used to do意思为过去常常做某事 它的一般疑问句句型为：Did +主语+use to do?故填used to do【出处：21教育名师】
（2）这个老人习惯于住在农村了。
The old man in the countryside.【版权所有：21教育】
(2) 【答案】is used to living
【解析】be/get used to doing(习惯于做某事)。
故填 is used to living
（3）教室里的那台电脑室用来查找信息的，而不是用来给你们玩游戏的。
The computer in our classroom search for information, but it isn’t playing computer games for you.21教育名师原创作品
(3) 【答案】is used to; used for
【解析】：be used to do/for doing(被用于做某事)故填is used to; used for
（4）用这么少的金钱购买这么贵重的一件东西是多么不可能啊！
It’s impossible to buy a expensive thing with little money!
(4) 【答案】so; such; so
【解析】so后接形容词，而such修饰名词。故填 so; such; so
4、 Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up!
play a part in 在……方面起作用（教材P97）
【例】 A good diet plays a large part in helping people live longer.
健康的饮食在帮助人们长寿方面起着非常大的作用。
play a part 在……中扮演角色
【例】 He was invited to play a part in this TV play.
他被邀请参加这个电视剧的演出。
1. The air has become really polluted around here. 这儿的空气已经被污染了。（教材P98）
辨析：turn, get 与become
⑴ become多指身份、职位等的变化，它强调变化的过程已经完成，后面可接名词或形容词。
He becomes a teacher. 他成了一名老师。
⑵ get多用于口语，表示一种变化过程，强调的是“渐渐变得”，后常接形容词的比较级形式。
In winter the days get shorter. 冬季白天变得较短
③turn指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同，强调变化的结果。
Leaves turned brown in the mountains. 山里的树叶已变成了棕色。
【练习】用turn, get 和become填空。
① Her mother ____ angry when she heard the news.
【答案】became
【解析】become多指身份、职位等的变化，它强调变化的过程已经完成，后面可接名词或形容词。故填become21·世纪*教育网
② It’s _____ darker and darker outside.
【答案】getting
【解析】get多用于口语，表示一种变化过程，强调的是“渐渐变得”，后常接形容词的比较级形式。故填getting
③ The milk has _____ bad.
【答案】turned
【解析】turn指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同，强调变化的结果。故填turned
5、 To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共汽车或者地铁，而不是开车。（教材P98）
cut down 意为“减少”；是“动词+副词”结构的短语，所带的宾语为名词时，宾语可位于down的前面或后面；为代词时，只能位于down前面。21*cnjy*com
You’d better cut the article down to about 2,000 words. 你最好能把这篇文章压到两千字左右。
【拓展】
cut down 还可表示“砍倒”的意思。
They cut down the big tree. 他们砍倒了这棵大树。
cut off
切断；切除
cut into
把……切成……
cut up
切碎
cut in
插队
【练习】单项选择
—Did you tell it to Jack?
—Yes, but we were ____ in the middle of our telephone conversation.
A. cut down B. cut off
C. cut up D. cut into
【答案】B
【解析】cut down 还可表示“砍倒”的意思；cut off“切断；切除”； cut into把……切成……；cut up 切碎。故选B
6、 It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything! 它对身体有好处并且不会花费任何东西。（教材P98）
cost v. 花费；使付出
指花费金钱，主语通常是物。cost的过去式和过去分词均为cost。
【例】 The new shirt cost Mr Wang 200 yuan. 王先生花了200元买了新衬衫。
How much does the new computer cost? 新电脑花了多少钱？
take, spend, pay & cost
take，spend，pay和cost都可以表示“花费”，但它们的用法各有不同。
1) take多表示花费时间，常用于It takes sb. some time to do sth.这一句型中，其中it作形式主语。
【例】 It usually takes me 40 minutes to cook the dinner.
2) spend多表示花费时间和金钱，主语通常是人，常用于sb. spend(s) some time / money on sth.和sb. spend(s) some time / money (in) doing sth.两种句型。
【例】 David spent 2,000 yuan on the new machine.
My father spends an hour (in) watching the news on TV every day.
3) pay多表示花费金钱，主语通常是人，常用于sb. pay(s) some money for sth.句型。
【例】 Tommy paid 20 yuan for his breakfast yesterday.
4) cost多表示花费金钱，主语通常是物，常用于sth. cost(s) (sb.) some money. 句型。
【例】 The new dress c ost Linda 88 yuan.
辨析：spend, cost, take, pay
花费
主语
表示的内容
spend
人
宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等。
cost
物或事
后接life, money, health, time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。
take
事或人
它说明事情完成“花费了……”。
pay
人
意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可以是“人”、“钱”
pay for
人
宾语为“物”、“事”，for表示支付的原因
【练习】单项选择
1. —Do you take exercise every day?
—Yes. I always ___30 minutes after supper.
A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay
【答案】A
【解析】主语是表人的，且30 minutes是表示时间，故选A
2. I _________ $300 for the bike.
A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid
【答案】D
【解析】主语是表人的，且词组pay…for..，故选D
7、 So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future! （教材P98）
make a difference (to…) 表示(对……)产生影响或作用
Do you think his words would make any difference to the final decision?你认为他的话会对最后的决定产生影响吗？
【练习】The new teacher always encourages little Tom. This _________ him.新来的老师总是鼓励小汤姆，这对他影响很大。
【答案】has made a big difference to
【解析】词组make a difference (to…) 表示(对……)产生影响或作用。新来的老师总是鼓励小汤姆导致了对他影响很大。所以用现在完成时。故填has made a big difference to
【分层突破】（巩固双基，提升能力）
双基训练：
一、根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，有的需要变换形式
bin, cost, coal, fisherman, takeaway
1. A hot ________ fell out of the fire and burnt the carpet (地毯).
2. A ________ is hot cooked food that you buy from a shop or restaurant and eat somewhere else.
3. Do you want this or shall I throw it in the ________?
4. Writing such a long novel ________ much time and patience.
5. Look! Some ________ are catching fish over there.
二、 单项选择
( )6. He ____ go out with his parents, but now he ____ staying at home alone.
A. used to; is used to B. is used to; used to
C. use to; is used to D. is used to; is used to
( )7. The interesting book _____ me 10 yuan.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
( )8. We must do something useful to ____ pollution.
A. cut off B. cut up
C. cut down D. cut in
( )9. Smoking can _____ lung cancer. You’d better give it up.
A. work on B. lead to
C. take away D. put out
( )10. —What are the _____ of bike riding?
—It can help cut down air pollution.
A. advantages B. reasons
C. results D. ideas
( )11.He would like to ________the next Cleanup Day.
A．play with B．play to C．play against D．play a part in
( )12.We will help to ________ the city.
A．clean out B．clean up C．clean on D．cleaned out
( )13.I watched TV________ doing my homework last Sunday.
A．instead B．instead of C．but D．and
( )14.This blue shirt ________ him 20 dollars.
A．cost B．spend C．take D．pay
( )15.We should stop ________ trees at will (随意)．
A．cutting off B．cutting down
C．cutting down on D．cutting up
能力提升：
一、根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的选项补全对话，其中有两项多余
A: Hi, Zhang Hua, did you watch the 9 o’clock program on CCTV 1 last night?
B: No. (1)______
A: Environmental protection. (2)______
B: What can we do?
A: (3)______ After washing something, we can use the water to do something else.
B: I agree with you. Also we must stop factories from pouring waste water into rivers and lakes. (4)______
A: You’re right. Besides, we shouldn’t use plastic bags, either.
B: Good idea. What else can we do?
A: (5)______ Making paper takes too many trees.
B: Right. We should process waste paper so that it can be used again.
A. If they keep doing that, more and more living things will die.
B. There are many things he can do.
C. We can save electricity.
D. We can also save paper.
E. What was it about?
F. We can start by saving water in our daily life.
G. It told us some good ways to do that.
二、根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空词数不限
6. 工人们正在竭尽全力降低事故率。
The workers are doing all they can _________________ the accident rate.
7. 左边第二个房间里堆满了书。
The second room on the left is _________________ books.
8. 你应该向那些参与挽救病人的医生道谢。
You should say thanks to those doctors who have _________________ saving the patient.
9. 多读书对你的学习有好处。
Reading more _________________ your studies.
10. 拉里将去开会，而不是我。
Larry will go to the meeting _________________ me.
11. 王老师的话对那个小男孩已经起作用了。
Mr. Wang’ s words have _________________ to the little boy.
12. 我的目的是把这件坏事变成好事。
My purpose is to _________________ this bad thing _________________ a good one.
13. 保持教室干净是我们的责任。
It’s our duty to _________________ the classroom _________________.
14. 记得给你弟弟买一些书。
_________________ some books for your brother.
15. 我们小区的噪音污染很严重。
The _________________ in our neighborhood is very serious.
拓展训练
一、阅读理解
My parents taught me not to waste food. My mom always found ways to make leftovers
(剩余食物) taste good. I went to Ilan to learn about some of their special foods. As I was there, I learned about the food and the history of the area. I learned that they don’t waste food, either, and they use leftovers!
Many years ago, there was not enough food for everyone. People learned to cook and eat
almost everything. They had to think of ways to make special dishes. One of these dishes is kao zha. It’s made with leftovers like meat, soup, oil and fat. That might not sound very good, but it does taste good. Today, kao zha is a special dish at big banquets (宴会).
Another famous dish is called zao bing. It’s made with fruit, meat and other things. I really
liked it! But I didn’t want to eat too much. It has a lot of fat in it.
I smelled something burning and I saw smoke, so I found another special food of the Ilan
area─duck meat. The duck meat is put in a big oven (炉子) to cook it. Smoke keeps the meat fresh. I don’t usually eat meat, but this duck meat was delicious! It tasted sweet.
Ilan is a great place with delicious food. I hope I can come back again!
根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。
( ) 1. The writer learns from her parents __________.
A. not to eat leftovers????? B. to eat good food??? C. not to waste food???????D. to make good food ( ) 2. She finds that people in Ilan __________. A. always waste food???
B.don’t use leftovers????????? C. don’t have enough food????
D. can cook special food ( ) 3. Kao zha is a good dish that is made with __________. A. fruit, meat and other things??
B. fresh and sweet duck meat C. some different leftovers??????????
D. meat, soup and fruit ( ) 4. There are __________ kinds of special foods mentioned in the passage. A. two??? B. three?????? C. four? D. five ( ) 5. From the passage, we know that __________. A. there was not enough food in Ilan long ago B. leftovers can’t be used to cook delicious food C. zao bing is a famous dish without any fat in it D. the writer is interested in very big banquets
【中考链接】
（2016深圳）4．﹣How did your classraisemoney for the poor old man in hospital？
﹣We organized a book fair on the playground and sold some books and CDs．（ ）
A．collect B．put up C．spend
sectionA
第2课时（3a-4c）
【快乐预习】
一、英汉互译
1.be harmful to
2.the food chain
3. 在……顶部或顶端
4.关掉
5.take part in
6.pay for
7.采取行动
8. 百分之九十
二. 根据句意及所给汉语提示，写出句中所缺单词
1. Don’t play a joke on him about his weight — it’s ________(残忍的).
2. You are supposed to know the ________ (法律) of your own country.
3. These materials are widely used in ________(工业).
4. They walked because they couldn’t ________(负担得起) a taxi.
5. To solve this problem, we need to learn more ________(科学的) knowledge.
【学海导航】
1、The method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境也有害。（教材P99）
1.harmful 形容词，意为“有害的”。常构成短语be harmful to “对……有害的”。
Staying up often is harmful to your health. 经常熬夜对你的健康有害。
【拓展】harm 名词，意为“害处”。常用构成短语do harm to “对……有害”，相当于be harmful to.
Too much smoking does harm to his health. = Too much smoking is harmful to his health. 吸烟过多对他的健康有害。
【练习】改为同义句。
Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes.
Reading in the sun ___ ___ ___ our eyes.
1.【答案】is harmful to
【解析】be harmful to “对……有害”； Reading动名词作主语谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填is harmful to
2. not only... but （also）... 意思为不仅...而且...，在句中常用来连接两个对等的成分，also可以省略。not?only...?but?(also)...?用来连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单、复数遵循“就近原则”，即和but?(also)后的名词或代词的数一致。同时，not?only...?but?(also)...?连接两个分句，当not?only位于句首，前一个分句常用倒装来表示强调，而but?(also)后的分句仍用陈述语序。
【例】She?speaks?English?not?only?in?class?but?(also)?at?home.?
她在课堂上和家里都说英语。
Not?only?her?parents but?also she is fond?of?watching?football?matches.
不仅她的父母，而且她都喜欢看足球比赛。??
Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.
太阳不仅给我们光还给予我们热。
【练习】选择题
(1) Not only________use but repair it.
A. can he; he can B. he can; can he C. can he ; can he D. he can; he can
【答案】A
【解析】因为not?only...?but?(also)...?连接两个分句，当not?only位于句首，前一个分句常用倒装来表示强调，而but?(also)后的分句仍用陈述语序。故选A
(2) Not only Li Ming but I students.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
【答案】C
【解析】因为not?only...?but?(also)...?用来连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单、复数遵循“就近原则”，即和but?(also)后的名词或代词的数一致。故选C
【练习】用动词的适当的形式填空Not only I but also he_______(like)English.
【答案】likes
【解析】因为not?only...?but?(also)...?用来连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单、复数遵循“就近原则”，即和but?(also)后的名词或代词的数一致。故填likes
2、A shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. 鲨鱼不能再游泳然后慢慢死掉。（教材P99）
no longer意思是“不再”
【例】I’m no longer a student. 我不再是个学生了。
有两个短语和no longer同义，即not…any longer和not…any more，但他们侧重的方面不同。
no longer和not…any longer侧重时间。
【例】 He no longer lives here.= He doesn’t live here any longer.
他不在这儿居住了。(一个时间以前他住在这儿，过了这个时间，他就离开
了。)
not…any more侧重侧重程度和数量
【例】You can drink no more. = You can’t drink any more.
你不能再喝了。(喝酒的量到了一定程度，不能再继续下去了。)
3. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. 鲨鱼位于海洋生物系统食物链的顶部。（教材P99）
at the top of 在...最高地位; 用最高[最大]的(速度, 声音等)
【例】I looked at the top of his head, his hair shiny and parted smoothly.
我看他的头顶, 头发光亮, 分得平滑。
【练习】完成句子 He shouted ________ house in order that he might be heard.他房顶上大声叫喊, 以便别人能听见。
【答案】at the top of
【解析】由句意他房顶上大声叫喊，故填at the top of
4. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life.
如果它们的数目降至过低，会给所有海洋生物带来危险。（教材P99）
此句复数形式的number表达全海洋中鲨鱼的总量。当表示数值的高或低时，number要用high或low修饰。
【例】 In that country, the number of children going to school is higher in cities than in towns and village.
在那个国家，城市儿童入学人数比乡镇及农村要高。
常与number搭配的动词有grow, fall等。
【例】The number of families that own cars has been growing quickly recently.
近来拥有轿车的家庭数量增长很快。
5、 Environment protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”.
世界各地的环境保护组织，如野生救援协会和世界自然基金会，都在教育公众有关“猎翅”的行为。（教材P99）
1) 句中fin本为名词，指 “鱼鳍”。此句中的finning由动词化的fin（割鲨鱼鳍以获取鱼翅）的-ing形式转化而成，指课文中所陈述的 “猎翅”这一行为。
2) WildAid和WWF组织
WildAid（美国野生救援协会）是保护野生动物及栖息地环境的一个非盈利性的机构，1999年注册成立，其宗旨是保护及救助世界范围内的野生动物；WWF（世界自然基金会）英文全称为World Wide Fund for Nature，成立于1961年，是享有国际盛誉，全球最大的独立性非政府环境保护组织之一。
6、So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark’s fins are good for health, so why eat them? 到目前为止，没有科学的研究已显示鱼翅对健康是有益的，所以为什么要吃它们呢？
（教材P99）
1.此句中用到的是现在完成时态，其结构为：主语 + have/has + done. 此句型中的have/has为助动词，其否定形式为haven’t/ hasn’t. 常与其连用的时间状语有：so far; in the last/past few years; since then; for some years...
【例】
I have taught English here since then. 自从那时起我就一直在这教英语。
I?haven’t?heard?from?her?these?days.??这些日子我没有收到她的信。
They?have?been?away?for?two?years.??他们离开已经两年了。
在过去的20到30年里一些种类的鲨鱼数量已经减少了90%多。
2.be good for 意思为对...有好处，有益。常与其混淆的结构有：be good at（擅长于...）; be good with( 善于与...打交道、对...有办法); be good to(对...友好)
【例】
Running is good for our body. 跑步对我们的身体有好处。
I am good at running. 我擅长于跑步。
Tony is good with his classmates, so they all like him.
Tony善于和他的同学打交道，所以他们都很喜欢他。
We like our English teacher, because she is good to us.
我们喜欢我们的英语老师，因为她对我们很友好。
【练习】选择题
(1) The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.
A. is?writing? B. was?writing C. wrote D. has written
【答案】 D
【解析】in the past two year.要与现在完成时连用，故选D
(2)—Our country? ______ a lot so far.?—Yes. I hope it will be even ______.
A. has?changed?；?well B.? changed?；?good
C. has?changed?；?better D.? changed?；?better
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们的国家到目前为止已经变化了很多，所以要用现在完成时；比较级的前面可用even 。故选C
(3) The?Smiths?_______?in?China?for?8?years.?
A.?has?lived B.?lived? C.?have?been ? D.?live
【答案】 C
【解析】因为?for?8?years，所以动词要用延续性的，故选 C
7、 Have you ever taken part in an environmental project? 你曾经参加过环境保护活动吗？（教材P100）
辨析：join, join in 和take part in
join
加入组织，团体，党派等，有作为其中的一个成员的含义。
后面也可以加表示人的名词，表示和某人一起参加某活动。
join in
加入一种具体活动。
take part in
指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。
Will?you?join?us?in?the?discussion??你参加我们的讨论吗？?
She?joined?the?Young?Pioneers.?她加入了少先队。?
Why?didn't?you?join?in?the?talk?last?night??昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？
Did you take part in the sports meet? 你参加运动会了吗？
【练习】单项选择。
1. —Have you _____ a club?
—Yes, I’m in a swimming club and I often _____ the swimming training.
A. joined; take part in B. joined; join
C. taken part in; join D. taken part in; join in
【答案】A
【解析】join加入组织，团体，党派等，有作为其中的一个成员的含义。 take part in指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。故选A
2. —We’re going for a picnic. Would you like to____ us?
—Why not? Let’s go!
A. attend B. join
C. join in D. take part in
【答案】B
【解析】由句意可知，故选B
8、We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action! 我们不能再等了，要采取行动了。（教材P100）
afford v. 承担得起；提供, 给予
afford to do sth. (常与can, be ble to连用) 买得起；有足够的……
【例】 We can’t afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱。
Dancing affords us pleasure. 跳舞给我们带来快乐。
⑴ afford是动词，意为“买得起,担负得起”，通常与can,?could,?be?able?to连用,多用于否定句中。
They?couldn’t?afford?$50?for?a?ticket.?他们拿不出50美元买一张票。
⑵ afford后面常跟带to的动词不定式。
We?can’t?afford?to?go?abroad?this?summer. 今年夏天我们没有足够的钱出国。
【练习】单项选择。
Miss Taylor never wastes money on anything too expensive, even though she can _____to. She has donated much of the money she saved to charities.
A. afford B. allow C. remind D. pay
【答案】A
9、 …save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. 当你离开房间的时候，你应该关灯以节约用电。（教材P100）
turning off 关掉
【例】Please turn the television off before you go to bed.
睡觉前请关掉电视。
拓展：turn相关短语
turn around 转身
turn up 调高（音量）
turn down 调低；拒绝
turn into 变成；进入
turn on 打开，发动
turn off 关掉，关闭
turn out to be 结果是
turn over 移交
1. 现在进行时: Present Progressive
定义：表示说话时（瞬间）正在进行的动作，也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。
结构: be (am/is/ are) + v.-ing
标志词：Look, Listen, now, right now…
【例】 Look! The boy is crying.
2. used to do与be used to doing
used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事, 而现在往往不做了, 后接动词原形。
be used to doing sth. 表示习惯于做某事。
【例】I used to get up at six o’clock.
Joe is used to drinking a cup of coffee every morning.
3. 被动语态：Passive voice
定义：表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象的一种语态。
结构：be + 过去分词
【例】 A new school was built last year.
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
4. 现在完成时: Present Perfect
定义：表示动作已经完成, 但对现在造成影响; 或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。
结构: has/have + 过去分词
标志词：already, yet, ever, never, since, for…
【例】 I haven’t finished my homework yet.
5. 情态动词
1) 情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，但不能单独作谓语，只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有：can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)等。
2) 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式, 可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。
【例】 Ken can climb up the tress like a koala.
Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old.
You mustn’t play with fire. It is dangerous.
【分层突破】（巩固双基，提升能力）
双基训练：
一、根据句意及所给汉语提示，用恰当的短语填空
1. One third of boys in my class ________________(参加) the running race last week.
2. Please ________________(关掉) the TV. It’s too noisy.
3. The doctor says fruit juice ________________(对……有害) children’s teeth.
4. If you don’t work hard now, you’ll ________________(为……付出代价) it later when you fail your exams.
5. They had a picnic ________________(在……顶部) of the hill.
6. Last month they ________________(采取行动) to prevent water pollution.
7. Insects are fairly low on ________________(食物链).
8. One of his fingers was ________________(切掉) in the accident.
二、单项选择
9. —Are you going to _____ any of the events?
—Yes. Maybe long jump and high jump.
A. take part in B. join
C. attend D. join in
10. I can’t afford ____ him an expensive birthday present.
A. to buy B. buying
C. for buying D. buy
11. —Remember to ____ the lights when you leave the room.
—OK. I will.
A. turn on B. turn down
C. turn up D. turn off
12. The girl always has some money to ___ snacks.
A. spend B. pay for
C. take D. cost
13. —Look! _____ boys are playing on the playground.
—Yes. _____ them is about 200.
A. The number of; A number of
B. The number of; The number of
C. A number of; the number of
D. A number of; A number of
14. — May I borrow your CD player?
— Sorry, I__________it myself.
A. am using B. used C. have used D. use
15. Miss Lin__________a lot of work for the poor area since 2010.
A. does B. did C. has done D. will do
16. The club__________by a group of teenagers.
A. organize B. organized C. is organized D. are organized
17. — “Frog”, Mo Yan’s latest novel, please!
—Sorry, it__________just now. But it will come out again soon.
A. sold out B. is sold out C. has sold out D. was sold out
18. Yao Ming used__________basketball in NBA.
A. play B. to play C. playing D. played
能力提升：
一、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 我们必须采取行动来阻止他们。
We must ____ ____ to stop them.
2. 我从没听说过这个人。
I have never ____ ____ such a man.
3. 我们乐意尽力帮你摆脱困境。
We are glad to do what we can do ___ ___ ___.
4. 到目前为止，我已经交了二十个朋友。
____ ____, I have made twenty friends.
5. 实际上，她从没去过那儿。
____ ____, she has never been there.
二、句型转换
6. “Don’t park your car here,” the man told me.(改为间接引语)
The man told me ________ _______ _____ my car here.
7. Tom left Shanghai two weeks ago because of his new job. (改为同义句)
Tom ________ _________ ________ from Shanghai since two weeks ago because of his new job.
8. He has cleaned the room. (改为被动句)
The room _______ ________ _________ by him.
9. Loud music makes me want to leave. (改为被动句)
I _______ _________ ___________ want to leave by loud music.
10.I have already finished my homework. (改为否定句)
I ________ ______ my homework _______.
拓展训练
一、根据短文内容,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词或情态动词
It’s easy for people to 1 (catch) cold in winter or spring. But we can also do a lot
2 (stay) healthy. Here is some advice. Wash your hands often, and it will stop germs (细菌)
3 (pass) from one person to another. 4 (not use) your hands when coughing. Use a tissue (纸巾), and then throw it away at once. Turn your head away from people near you when you 5 (cough) (咳嗽). Get some fresh air. Germs like staying in wet and warm room. So you’d better 6 (keep) your window open at night when you are sleeping, or you 7 (not have) enough fresh air. If flu (流感) is going around your house or school, you should 8 (try) to stay away from those who 9 (be) ill. Remember 10 (boil) your towel (毛巾) for about a minute to kill germs.
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. __________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. _________
【中考链接】
（广东汕尾2015中考）41. I can’t see anything in the room. Please help me the lights.
A. turn on B. turn up C. turn down D. turn off
Section B
第3课时（1a—1e）
【快乐预习】
一、按要求做题
1.special___________adv
2.recent ___________adv
3. environment ___________adj
4.important ___________n
5. protect ___________n
6.build___________n
7.usual ___________反义词
8.recycke___________n
二、根据句意和首字母提示完成单词
9. We really shouldn’t use paper n_______.
10. We should r_______ books and paper
11. Please t______ your own bags when shopping.
12. Turn o______ the lights when you leave a room.
13. Saving e_______ animals is one thing we can do for our world.
【学海导航】
1、recycling paper is really easy。回收利用纸张真的很容易。（教材P101）
recycling paper动名词作主语，所以谓语动词用三单（is）
【例】Reading in sun is bad for your eyes.
【练习】____ too much isn’t good for your heath.
A. eat B. eating C. ate D. eats
【答案】B
【解析】句中有动词 is，所以句首不能用动词原形。故选B
Recycle中的 _ re-是最常用的前缀之一。它可以加在名词或动词前面，构成新的名词或动词。re-表示以下三方面的意义：
1)表示“回”或“向后”的意思。例如：return（回来）recall（回忆，召回）retract（缩回，取回）
2)表示“再”、“重新”、“重复”的意思。
【例】rethink（再思考）reuse（再运用）restart（重新开始）recycle
（再利用）
3)表示“相反”、“反对”的意思。
【例】rebel（反叛，谋反）reverse （反转，颠倒）resist（反抗，抵抗）
2、It’s hard to stop riding in cars不再乘 汽车很难。（教材P101）
1.It is + adj.(for sb.)+to do sth.
【例】 It’s difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation.
2.stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.的区别
stop doing sth是“停止做某事”，doing是stop 的宾语，是要停止的动作。
【例】（1） The two girls stopped talking when they saw me. 那两个女孩一见到我就停止了讲话。
（2）I stopped using paper napkins last year.
stop to do sth 是“停下来开始做某事”，to do是stop的状语，表示目的，是要开始做的事情。
【例】The two girls stopped to talk to me when they saw me. 这两个女孩一看到我就停下来和我讲话。
【练习】Teacher is coming ,let’s stop____.(read)
A. reading B. read C. to read D. reads
【答案】C
【解析】句意;老师就要来了，让我们停下来去读书。故选C
3、Turn off the lights when you leave a room当你离开房间时，要关灯。（教材P101）
（1）关于turn的短语
turn on打开，发动.
【例】Would you please turn the TV on?
turn off 关闭 关掉.
【例】Could you please turn off the light?
turn up 开大（一般情况下指调节音量大小，灯光明暗，或煤气大小等）；出现。
turn off the shower while you are washing your hair
____don’t use paper napkins
Turn the radio up please, I can’t hear it clearly.；turn up还表示“出现”。
【例】We settled to meet at 7:30 at the cinema, but he didn’t turn up.
turn down 关小；调低；拒绝。
【例】So we have to turn down the other a little bit.;turn down 还表示“拒绝”。
【例】How can you turn down such a poor little girl.
take turns依次，轮流。
Let’s take turns fill the bottles with water.
turn back折回；往回走。
Suddenly, he turned back running to me.
turn out生产；驱逐；翻转；结果是。
【例】 It didn’t exactly turn out as I planned.结局并不是我计划的那样。
【练习】____ the radio ,my mother is sleeping.
A. turn down B. turn up C. turn off D. on
【答案】A
【解析】因为my mother is sleeping，为了不吵醒她，所以要调低收音机的音量。故选A
4、I stopped using them last year. 去年我就停止使用他们了。（教材P101）
1.此句子的时态为一般过去时态，常与其连用的时间状语有：yesterday/ last week/ last month/ last year/ …ago…
【例】He waited for you here three hours ago.三个小时以前他在这里等你。
2.stopped为stop的过去式。在英语当中动词的过去式分为规则变化和不规则的变化，不规则动词总数大概不过200多个，但是使用频率很高。主要分成三类：
1、第一类不规则动词的三种形式同形，如：cost cost cost/ cut cut cut/ hurt hurt hurt
2、第二类不规则动词的过去式和过去分词同形，如：bring brought brought/ catch caught caught/ lead led led
3、第三类不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同，如：begin began begun/ break broke broken/ grow grew grown/ ring rang rung/ wake woke / waked woken
此外还有少数不规则动词的过去分词与原形相同，如：come came come/ become became become/ run ran run
【练习】用所给动词的适当形式填空
（1）Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month.
（2）Mike (not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night.
（1）【答案】came
【解析】因为时间状语last month.“上个月”，所以要用过去时，故填came
（2）【答案】didn’t go
【解析】因为last night.。故填didn’t go
【分层突破】（巩固双基，提升能力）
双基训练：
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. What else can we do _______ (help) save the planet?
2.________ (recycle) paper is really easy.
3. It’s hard to stop________ (ride) in cars.
4. We really shouldn’t _______ (use) paper napkins, you know.
5. I ________ (stop) using them last year.
二、单项选择
( ) 6.Doctor Li often asks me _______ too much meat.
A. don’t eat B. not eat C. not to eat D. doesn’t eat.
( ) 7. Most young people find _____ exciting to watch a football match.
A. it B. this C. that D. one
( ) 8. We students should do what we can ______ progress in study every day. It’s good for our future.
A. make B. to make C. achieve D. get
( ) 9. Not only he but also his friends_______ eager to help those who lost their homes in the earthquake.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
10.—This is really ________ ugly bird.
—But it is ________ useful bird. It can help fishermen catch fish.
A. an；a B．an；an C．a；a D．a；an
11.Recycling is good，so don’t ________ bottles or newspapers.
A．find out B．hand in C．use up D．throw away
12.—Why haven't you bought a car，Mr.Lin？You can ________ one.
—Well，I have money for it，but I want to go green.
A．offer B．afford C．avoid D．allow
13.—Now people have to pay some money for ________ bags in supermarkets.
—Yes. Because they are bad for the environment.
A．bin B．paper C．cloth D．plastic
14. We should try our best to solve pollution problems ________ complaining them.
A．rather than B．instead of C．for D．or
15.—Everyone should use both sides of paper.
—Yes. If we all use both sides of paper, many trees ________ be saved.
A．need B．have to C．can D．must
能力提升：
一、用动词的适当形式填空
1. We are trying__________(work) hard at all the subjects.
2. There used to _________(be) a lot of manatees. But now there are few.
3. Have you ever__________(throw) away things you don't like to use?
4. I have also__________(set) up a website to sell clothes online.
5. Mark__________(work) in China for 10 years and now he teaches
Chinese in Britain.
二、根据题意完成句子
6. 当你在洗头的时候请关闭水龙头。
Please _______ _______the shower _________ you are washing your hair.
7. 拯救濒危动物是我们为世界做的一件事情。
__________ _________ __________ is one thing we can do for our world.
8. — 循环使用纸张确实很简单。
— 我同意。
—Recycling paper is_________ easy.
—_______ ________.
9. — 我认为每个人都应该使用公共交通工具
— 我们不同意。
—We think that everyone_______ _______ _______ _______ .
— We _______.
10. 两个环境保护组织反对鱼翅业。
Two ___________ groups which _______ _______ finning.
拓展训练
一、阅读理解
There are some easy things you can do to protect the environment and the earth. Choose ideas from the list or come up with a few of your own.
Plant flowers, grass or trees.
Whenever you visit a park or beach, take away what you bring there—keep rubbish in a bag until you can put it in a dustbin.
Turn off the lights, TV sets when you leave the room. This saves a lot of electricity.
Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth. You can save some water by not letting it run. Also use a glass cup instead of a paper cup because this saves paper.
Keep the doors and windows closed in winter to keep warm air in.
Give your old books and magazines to a library instead of throwing them away.
Give your old clothes to poor children you know instead of throwing them away.
Use both sides of paper.
Stop pouring dirty water into the rivers or the lakes nearby.
Encourage all your friends to do the same things you do to help protect the earth.
You don’t have to wait until Earth Day to do these things. Make every day Earth Day.
If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
1.From the above，we know that this is ________.
A．a sign B．a notice C．an advertisement D．a proposal (提议)
2. The writer tells us ________.
A．to throw rubbish into a dustbin
B．to pour dirty water into the river
C．to save water by letting it run while we are brushing our teeth
D．that we can't do all these things until Earth Day
3. We can ________ to save paper.
A．use a paper cup B．use both sides of paper
C．give old books to a library D．pick up waste paper at school
4. Which of the following is WRONG according to the writer?
A．Turn off the lights when you leave the room.
B．Close the doors in winter.
C．Use a paper cup when you brush your teeth.
D．Give your old clothes to the poor children.
5. The main idea of this passage is how to ________.
A．save money
B．save water and electricity
C．make better use of old things
D．protect the earth
【中考链接】
（2016深圳）13．﹣This summer a lot of athletes will go to Brazil to_______the 2016Rio Olympics．
﹣I love sports and I can't wait to enjoy the exciting moments．（ ）
A．take part in B．take pride in
C．take in
Section B
第4课时（2a—2e）
【快乐预习】
一、词组翻译
1.扔掉；抛弃
2.好好利用某物
3.拆下；摧毁
4.上下颠倒；倒转
5.建起，成立
6.使想起
7.因……而闻名
8.不但…而且…
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
9.It’s a good habit to r_______ something that you didn’t use.
10.Please ________(扔掉)the waste paper in the bin.
11.Some old buildings are _____________ (推倒).
12.Most of his ______(作品) are showing in an art shop.
13.She used old bottles ________ （制作）the gate of her house.
14.R________paper is our duty.
15.The company’s_______ is her father.
16.Yao Ming’s success is an i__________ to us all.
【学海导航】
1、Do you often throw away things you don’t need anymore? 你时常扔掉你不再需要的东西吗？（教材P102）
1) throw away扔掉，丢弃浪费 (机会、优势或好处)
【例】 I never throw anything away. 我从来不扔任何东西。
2) 错过(机会等)，放过；未能很好利用(机会等)
【例】 Don’t throw away this opportunity. 不要错过这个机会。
3) 浪费(时间、金钱等)乱花(钱等)
【例】 It will be time and money thrown away. 这将是浪费时间和金钱。
【练习】Don’t____your book you ever used.
【答案】throw away
【解析】throw away扔掉， don’t要接动词原形，故填throw away
2、Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use? 你有没有想过实际上这些东西可以怎样被好好的利用？（教材P102）
put sth. to good use 好好利用
【例】 Your creative talents can also be put to good use, if you can work up the energy. 如果你能让自己精力充沛起来，你的创作才能也能得到很好的发挥。
【练习】翻译：请好好利用你的聪明的头脑。
【答案】Please put your creative mind to good use
【解析】put sth. to good use 好好利用
故填Please put your creative mind to good use
3、She is a most unusual woman. （教材P102）
un-前缀，常加在形容词、副词、分词、动词和名词之前；第一，表示否定意义。第二，表示“反动作”。即“相反的动作”。
例如： uneconomic不经济的 uncomfortable不舒服的 unending无尽的 unfortunate不幸的 unusual不平常的 unkind不仁慈的 unbind解开，释放 uncover揭开……的盖子 unearth由地下掘出 unbutton 解开钮扣
4、 She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish. 她住在英国的一幢房子里，这幢房子是她自己亲手用垃圾建造的。 （教材P102）
1.句子中that she built herself out of rubbish 是用来修饰 house 的，我们称它为定语从句。当先行词为物体时，关系代词用that/which；当先行词为人时，关系代词用that/ who。
【例】
（1）He is the man that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（2）The bag that you are carrying is my mother’s. 你正拿着的包是我妈妈的。
2.build out of…意思为用…建造。
【例】They built a boat out of wood. 他们用木头造了一条船。
【练习】选择题
（1）The?girl?__________?an?English?song?in?the?next?room?is?Tom’s?sister.?
A. who?is?singing? B. is?singing? C. ?sang ? D. was?singing?
【答案】A
【解析】who?is?singing? 做?girl的定语。
5、The top of the house is an old boat turned upside down. （教材P102）
turned upside down 意为“被翻转过来的；被颠倒过来的”，做后置定语修饰boat。
the top of…在…顶端。
【练习】There is a bird ______the tall tree.
A. on B. above C. with D. at
【答案】D
【解析】由句意可知，at top of..在…的顶端。故选D
【例】Tony had an upside-down map of Britain on his wall.
托尼的墙上倒挂了一张英国地图。
The lid, turned upside down, served as a coffee table.
那个盖子被翻过来当作咖啡桌。
6、1. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. 她房子的前门是由岩石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。（教材P102）
be made + 介词
be made of
“某物由……制造而成”（从制成品中可以看出原材料）
be?made?from
“某物由……制造而成”（从制成品中一般看不出或难以分辨出原材料）。
be?made?in
“某物由某地制造”
be?made?by
“某物由某个人或集体制造而成”，其中介词by用来强调动作的执行者。
?be?made?into
某种原料制成某物
be?made?up?of
某物由……组成或构成
【例】The desks and chairs are made of wood. 这些课桌椅是木材制成的。
This kind of wine is made from wheat. 这种酒是用小麦制成的。
【练习】单项选择。
Books are made _____ paper and paper is made _____ wood.
A. from, of B. of, from
C. in, from D. from, in
【答案】B
【解析】be made of “某物由……制造而成”（从制成品中可以看出原材料）；be?made?from“某物由……制造而成”（从制成品中一般看不出或难以分辨出原材料）。故选B
8、He is known for using iron…. 她以用铁…而著名（教材P102）
be known for 因……而著名
be known as 作为……而著名
be known to 对于某人来说是著名的
【例】 He was known for his friendly. 他以友好而著称。
He is known to the police as a thief. 对警察来说是一个小偷。
Zhou Jielun is known as a rap singer. 周杰伦是作为一个说唱歌手而出名。
【练习】同义改写China is famous for his long history
【答案】China is knomn for his long history
【解析】be known for= be famous for
7、 Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity. 不仅艺术品能给人们带来快乐，而且冰冷坚硬的钢铁在艺术创作下也恢复了生命。（教材P102）
“not only … but also …”是一个并列连词词组，其意思基本等于“both … and …”。
使用not only … but also … 时须注意的几点：
⑴ not only与but also后面所连接的词的词性必须对等：
They completed the project not only punctually but also perfectly. 他们不仅准时完成工程，而且完成得很出色。
⑵ not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用：
Television is not only boring, but it also wastes a lot of time. 电视不仅乏味，而且还浪费许多时间。
⑶谓语动词的数应与but also后主语的数保持一致：
Not only you but also Mr. Zhang teaches in this?college. 不仅你，张老师也在此学院教书。
⑷ not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构：
Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison. 这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且还被送进了监狱。
【练习】单项选择。
1. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I ___ good at drawing.
A. is B. am C. are D. was
【答案】B
【解析】谓语动词的数应与but also后主语的数保持一致。故选B
recent ﹢-ly = recently形容词加 ly变副词
8、 She especially likes to use old jeans to make handbags.
special 和especial 是同义词，
especially 是especial 的副词。
【练习】He_____like to eat beef noodles.
【答案】especially
【解析】like是实义动词，故填副词especially
【分层突破】（巩固双基，提升能力）
双基训练：
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I used to __________ (be) a shy girl.
2. Everyone in this town should play a part in _________ (clean) it up!
3. Environmental __________ (protect) groups are teaching the public about “Finning”.
4. We have seen many __________ (change) in the environment.
5. The air pollution is ___________ (get) worse and worse.
6. I plan to write a book about new ways___________ (use) old clothes.
7. Wang Tao___________ (set) up a small business in Shanghai four years ago.
8. He is known for ___________ (use) iron and other materials from old cars to make beautiful art pieces.
二、单项选择
9. —Your coat looks nice.
—It’s made ____ cotton. And it was made ____ Shanghai.
A. in; by B. from; by C. by; in D. of; in
10. —____ he ____ I have been to Beijing.
—Really? When did you do there?
A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor
C. Either; or D. Too; to
11. The old city walls are dangerous. So they will be _____ soon.
A. pulled down B. pulled out
C. pulled over D. pulled off
12. The old man built himself a house ____ wood.
A. out of B. in to
C. to use D. in for
13. They decided to ____ a small business to make some money.
A. set up B. put up
C. take up D. go up
14. Stop making so much noise. It is _______ to the sleeping children.
A. comfortable B. relaxed C. harmful D. useful
15. Today, we have many other _______to pay besides coins or paper money.
A. excuses B. methods C. chances D. plans
16. In the past, my grandpa cut _______trees and cut _______ them for firewood.
A. down; up B. up; down C. out; up D. off; down
17. — How much is your coat?
— Oh, it _______me 100 yuan.
A. cost B. spent C. paid D. took
18. I hope everyone can care about _______the environment and stop _______things.
A. protecting; wasting B. protecting; to waste
C. protect; wasting D. protect; to waste
能力提升：
一、句型转换
1.They hope they can visit the Great Wall one day. (改为同义句)
They hope ______ _______ the Great Wall one day.
2. She can speak both English and French. (改为同义句)
She can speak ______ _______ English ________ _______ French.
3. Lily used to play the violin.（改为否定句）
Lily _______ _______ _______ play the violin.
4. My father doesn’t allow me to use his computer. (改为被动语态)
I’m ________ _______ _________ _______ his computer by my father.
5. All my classmates left ten minutes ago. (改为同义句)
All my classmates ________ _________ ______ for ten minutes.
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
6. 她扔掉了昨天的报纸。
She _____ _____ yesterday’s newspaper.
7. 我在新的工作中充分地利用了我的经验。
I ___ my experience ___ ___ ___ in my new work.
8. 请别将杯子倒置。
Please don’t turn the cup _____ _____.
9. 这些照片唤起了我美好的回忆。
The photos ____ ____ lots of good memories.
10. 杭州以龙井茶而闻名。
Hangzhou is well ____ ____ its Longjing Tea.
拓展训练.
一、阅读理解
When Jason’s parents saw him for the first time, they were shocked(震惊). This lovely little baby with shining blue eyes and curly hair was born disabled(残疾的). But soon the young couple accepted this fact.
Jason’s arms are just half without hands and his legs aren’t fully grown either. They even forgot to think of him as disabled.
At the age of six, he told his mother he wanted to get down from the prosthetics(假肢) and play with other kids. This was the last time Jason had worn them. He now has an electric wheelchair(轮椅), but he never uses it at home or when it is easy for him to move using only his body.
Jason learned handwriting and coloring at school, holding the pen between the ends of his arms. He also learned to eat with forks at home. When he was ten, he fell in love with football. He never had a pair of shoes in his life because of the shape of his feet. He only wore socks on the football field. He never won a match, but he refused to give up. His strong arms and body, as well as some fantastic ways made him a respected player on the school team. He went to a famous university after high school.
Now Jason still faces many hardships in life, but he will make you believe that you can do what he has done. “Never be afraid of any difficulty”, Jason often encourages others in his speeches.
1. Why were Jason’s parents shocked when they saw him for the first time?
A. Because he was born disabled.
B. Because he had big hands.
C. Because his hair was curly.
2. Jason learned to write and color by holding the pen__________.
A. between his legs B. between his arms C. between his teeth
3. What does the underlined word “hardships” mean in this passage?
A. 成就 B. 贫穷 C. 困难
4. From the passage, we learn the following about Jason EXPECT__________.
A. he only uses his electric wheelchair at home
B. he only wore socks while playing football
C. he is never afraid of any difficulty in life
5. What is the best title(标题) of this passage?
A. Disabled but Still Able
B. Playing Football Brings Good Luck
C. Never Wear Prosthetics Even Disabled
【中考链接】
（2016深圳）13．﹣This summer a lot of athletes will go to Brazil to_______the 2016Rio Olympics．
﹣I love sports and I can't wait to enjoy the exciting moments．（ ）
A．take part in B．take pride in
C．take in
Seciton B
第5课时（2a—Self Check）
【快乐预习】
一、按要求做题
n. — adj.
1.fame—
2. science—
3. health—
4.south—
adj.— n.
5.sunny ---
6.noisy ---
7.harmful ---
8. beautiful ---
二、 用所给词的适当形式填空
9. The old man used _____ (be) a teacher.
10. We should ____ (clean) the room every day.
11. Look! Tom ____ (sleep) in his room.
12. Lots of trees ____ (plant) on the hill every year.
13. He _____ (live) here for 20 years.
【学海导航】
1. Which parts need to be improved? 哪些部分需要被改善？（教材P103）
辨析：need to be done; need doing与need to do
⑴ need doing=need to be done 需要被…现在分词doing表被动“需要被做”，相当于need to be done。
My watch needs repairing. =My watch needs to be repaired.我的表需要修了。
⑵ need后加不定式，证明need为实义动词，而非情态动词，这时need有人称和数的变化。
He needs to get up early. 他需要早起。
【练习】单项选择。
Something is wrong with my car. It needs _____.
A. repair B. to repair
C. repairing D. to be repair
答案C
2. What or who is causing these problems? 什么或谁将会导致这些问题？（教材P103）
cause用作动词，当“引起，造成，使得”讲。一般指引起或造成不好的结果。
cause sb. sth.= cause sth. to sb.(后接间接宾语+直接宾语)为固定用法。?
He caused his parents much trouble.= He caused much trouble to his parents. 他给父母带来很多烦恼。
【练习】改为同义句。
It caused him lots of worries.
It caused lots of worries ____ him.
答案to
3、The river is polluted by factories.这条河流被工厂污染了。（教材P104）
【解读】句中is polluted 为被动语态。被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught 一般过去时：was／were＋taught 一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught 现在完成时：have／has been＋taught
【例】
（1）The window is broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
（2）Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
（3）This book will be finished reading by him.这本书将要被他读完。
（4）The classroom is being cleaned by the students. 教师正在被学生们打扫。
（5）The radio has been repaired. 收音机已经被修好了。
【练习】选择题
（1）The?Olympic?Games?___________every?four?years.?
A.?are?held?? B.?were?held?? C. are?holding??? D. will?ho1d?
【答案】A
【解析】一般现在时被动语态，故选A
2）It?is?reported?that?more?new?teaching?buildings?_______?in?our?school?in?the next?term.?
A.?will?be?built? B.?was?built?? C.?has?built
D.?will?build?
【答案】A
【解析】将来时的被动语态。故选A
专题复习
【语法点拨】
本单元复习现在进行时、used to句型、被动语态、现在完成时和情态动词。
现在进行时
（1）含义：表示正在发生或进行的动作。
（2）基本结构：
主语 + be + 现在分词（be 的形式随主语的变化而变化）
（3）基本用法：
①表示现在正在进行的动作。特征：常常与now或具体的时间连用，有时句中会有感官动词来提示，或通过上下文来暗示。
②表示现阶段一直进行的动作。这类动词常常是延续性动词。常于at present, this week, these days等连用。
③表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
现在完成时
（1）含义：表示过去发生的动作对现在还有影响。
（2）基本结构：主语 + have / has + 过去分词
（3）基本用法：
①表示过去发生的动作，但强调对现在产生影响。特征：不能与表示具体的时间状语连用。
②表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，还可能继续下去。常常与since, for, in the past + 时间名词，in the last +时间名词等时间状语连用，而且谓语动词要求是延续性动词。
③表示一种“经历或体验”，即可以表示经历过也可以是从来都没有经历过。
被动语态
初中阶段我们学习了七种被动结构，归纳如下：
（1）一般现在时是被动语态：am / is / are + 过去分词
（2）现在完成时的被动式： have / has + been + 过去分词
（3）现在进行时的被动式：am/ is/ are + being + 过去分词
（4）一般过去时的被动式：was / were + 过去分词
（5）过去进行时的被动式：was / were + being + 过去分词
（6）过去完成时的被动式：had + been + 过去分词
（7）一般将来时的被动式：will / be going to be+ 过去分词
（8）含有情态动词的被动式：
情态动词+be +动词的过去分词。
情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，如认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化。后面一般跟动词原形。
used to 结构
used to意为“过去常常做某事”，指的是过去的习惯性动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。used to是个情态动词，其中的to是不定式符号，后面跟动词原形。在美式英语中。它的疑问式是：Did ＋主语＋use to do sth．？否定式是：主语＋didn't use．．。在英式英语中，它的疑问式应当是：Used ＋主语＋to sth．？否定式应当是used not to或use（d）n't to。
He used to stay up late. 他过去常熬到很晚。
【分层突破】（巩固双基，提升能力）
双基训练：
一、根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The white ________ (build) was set up three years ago.
2. Greg was a (n) ________ (luck) boy. Many people offered him help.
3. Jenny thinks the ________ (perform) was really exciting.
4. How could she have acted ________ (different)?
5. Staying with them made me ________ (comfortable). I decided to leave.
二、 单项选择
6. My alarm clock doesn’t work. It needs ______.
A. to be repaired B. repair
C. to repair D. for repairing
7. His death was _____ by a high fever.
A. spread B. caused
C. got D. showed
8. His mother ____ a worker in that factory.
A. used to be B. used
C. used to being D. used be
9. —Your classroom is very clean.
—Sure. It ________ after school every day.
A. is cleaned B. cleans
C. cleaned D. is cleaning
10. —He’s never stolen anything before, _____he?
—______. It’s his second time to be taken to the police station.
A. hasn’t; Yes B. has; Yes
C. has; No D. is; No
11. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he _____ yet.
A. didn’t arrive B. doesn’t arrive
C. isn’t arriving D. hasn’t arrived
12. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ___ as “People’s Writer”.
?A. is regarded?? B. has regarded ??
C. is regarding?? D. regards
13. —Where is Tom?
—He ______ in his room.
A. is reading B. reads
C. read D. was reading
14. —May I go out now, Dad?
— No. You _____ let your mother know first.
A. can B. may C. need D. must
15. Her son _______ Coke, but now he ________ milk.
A. used to drink ; is used to drinking
B. used to drinking ; drinks
C. is used to drinking ; used to drink
D. is used to drink ; is drinking
能力提升：
一、根据汉语意思及括号内所给提示，将下列句子翻译成英语
1. 去年他们拆了那座老房子。 (pull ... down)
__________________________________________
2. 这些书必须在6月20日前归还。 (bring back)
____________________________________________
3. 妈妈让我把脏面包扔掉。? (throw away)
____________________________________________
4. 我看到那个盘子底朝上躺在地板上。? (upside down)
___________________________________________
5. 他们决定好好利用这些旧报纸。 (put sth. to good use)
_____________________________________________
二、 将下面的句子改为同义句。
6. Both Tom and I were in the school library yesterday.
____ ____ Tom ____ ____ I was in the school library yesterday.
7. Reading in bed does harm to your eyes.
Reading in bed ____ ____ ____ your eyes.
8. The old car caused me lots of trouble.
The old car caused ___ ___ trouble ____ me.
9. He spent ten yuan on the book.
He ____ ten yuan ____ the book.
10. My hair needs cutting.
My hair needs ____ ____ ____.
拓展训练
一、阅读理解
Some of the greatest problems we face today are the destruction （破坏） of our environment. Brown clouds, polluted water, endangered wild animals…these problems seem so huge.
So my family does what we can. We take cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags. We walk where we don’t have to drive…
But does it do any good? When I am the only one in line at the market with cloth bags, am I doing any good? Does my walking to stores make any real difference to the world?
I recently learned something about flamingos(火烈鸟） which like to get together in groups of a thousand or more. Every year, when the time comes for migration(迁徙）, a few of them first take off from the lake. But none of the others seem to notice, so the small group returns. However, the next day they try again. This time a few more fly along with them, but most of them still pay no attention, so they return again. They try for several times. Every time a few more birds join in but, since the thousands of others still take no notice, the great migration plan is once more stopped.
Then one day something changes. The same small group of birds once again starts flying and a small number more join in just as before, then more. Finally, they all take flight and the migration really begins. What a spectacular sight it must be—thousands of flamingos taking off into the sky at once!
A few can make a difference. Even if you’re the one to take the first step, and continue trying, others will someday take notice and together we will solve even our greatest problems.
1. Where would you most probably read this passage?
A. A guidebook. B. A movie poster.
C. A personal blog (博客）. D. A geology（地质) magazine.
2. Why does the writer use cloth bags in stores?
A. Because he wants to do some good to the environment.
B. Because he thinks plastic bags are more expensive.
C. Because there are only cloth bags in stores.
D. Because all the people use cloth bags in stores.
3. What does the underlined word “spectacular” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Frustrating. B. Surprising.
C. Terrible. D. Fantastic.
4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Even if we can walk there, we still drive over.
B. Flamingos like to get together in groups of a thousand or more.
C. Brown clouds and polluted water are the only problems we face today.
D. When a few of the flamingos first take off from the lake, all the others follow at once.
5. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this article?
A. To show that the writer loves to see the migration of flamingos.
B. To tell readers to continue trying and it can make a difference.
C. To introduce a special kind of flamingo to readers.
D. To show that there’re many problems in the world.
【中考链接】
（广东汕尾2015中考）45. At least 300 million people are using QQ by Ma Huateng to chat online.
A. create B. creat C. created D. creating
（.广东2017中考）40. Betty ___________ hard since last term. That’s why her exam results are so good!
A. has worked B. will work C. worked D. was working
【本单元要点回顾】
【思维导图】
1. litter v. 乱扔 n. 垃圾
2. bottom n. 底部 3. coal n. 煤
4. ugly adj. 丑陋的 5. cost v.花费 n. 花费
6. wooden adj. 木制的 (wood n. 木材)
7. plastic adj. 塑料的n. 塑料
8. method n. 方法 9. cruel adj. 残酷的
10. harmful adj. 有害的 (harm n. 害处)
11. industry n. 工业12 recycle v. 回收利用
1.make a difference 起作用；有影响
2. take part in 参加 3. turn off 关掉
4. pay for 付费；付出代价
5. cut down 减少 6. lead to 导致
7. hear of 听说 8. cut off 切除
9. throw away 扔掉11. put … down 拆下
10. put sth. to good use 好好利用
12. upside down 上下颠倒 13. bring back 恢复
1.We’re trying to save the earth.我们在努力拯救地球。
2.The rive used to be so clean.这河流过去是如此的清澈。
3. The air is badly polluted. 空气被严重污染。
4. The method is not only cruel, but also harmful
to the environment. 这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境也有害。
5. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. 她房子的前门是由岩石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。
【作文指导】
本单元以“谈论污染和环境保护”为话题，围绕这一话题谈论人们在日常生活中应该如何保护环境。这也是单元测试和中考等试题中常考的话题作文之一。
一、.单元写作目标：
让学生学会：
（1）能正确运用现在进行时，现在完成时，被动语态，情态动词和used to 句型。
（2）能根据所给词根找出衍生出的不同词汇，并理解前缀和后缀的不同用法、
二、范文解析
My Low—carbon Life
My name is Li Ming. I am a middle school student. I go to school on foot every day. I always remember to turn off the lights, the TV and the fans when I leave the classroom. When I am not using water, I always turn off the tap. I often reuse water, for example, when I finish washing the clothes, I use the water to clean the floor and water flowers. I never use plastic bags. I think saving paper is necessary, so I often make full use of paper. It’s important for us to live a low—carbon life to protect the environment.
此篇书面表达，是通过第一人称的写作方式写出了李明的低碳生活，包括了姓名，身份，低碳生活所做的方式，如：（I go to school on foot every day）；离开教室时，关灯、关风扇（I always remember to turn off the lights, the TV and the fans when I leave the classroom）；不用水时，记得关掉水龙头,循环使用水；充分使用纸张；不用使用塑料袋；同时提出低碳生活的重要性等等，写作符合题意，同时也注意到了语言的准确性和连贯性。文章使用了主从复合句，When I am not using water, I always turn off the tap. I think saving paper is necessary.使句式多样。同时也适当的使用了非谓语动词形式。如：I think saving paper is necessary。
最后的It’s important for us to live a low—carbon life to protect the environment. 点出题目，效果很好。
写作亮点：这篇文章语言规范，叙事清楚，词汇及时态运用正确，能够把提示的内容叙述清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯是一篇不错的文章
三、技巧归纳
(1) 仔细审题，明确要求
(2) 把握要点，认真答题
(3) 扬长避短，发挥优势
(4) 反复检查，验证答案
四、书面表达
塑料袋被称为“白色垃圾”，请根据下表中的提示，用英语写一篇短文，说明塑料袋的危害并提出建议。
项目
内容
塑料袋的危害
1．刮风时四处飘落，影响环境的美观；
2．易被野生动物、家畜等误食．导致死亡；
3．混杂在农田里影响农作物生长；
4．燃烧时污染空气，等等。
你的建议
1．商家应遵守政府的规定有偿提供塑料袋；
2．我们应……(提出至少2条建议)
注意：
1．短文应包括所给内容要点，可适当发挥。
2．词数为90左右，短文开头已给出，不计人总词数。
3．参考词汇：塑料袋plastic bags；农作物crops
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit13正文样张答案
Section A
第1课时（1a - 2d）
【快乐预习】
一、词组翻译
【答案】
1. lead to
2. close down
3. play a part in
4. clean up
5. cut down
6. instead of
7. make a difference
8. used to
二、. 根据句意及所给首字母提示，补全句中所缺单词
9. 【答案】 ugly
【解析】从句中I think Jane’s kite is beautiful. However,..故填ugly21世纪教育网版权所有
10. 【答案】wooden
【解析】从not plastic.可知，桌子是木制的。故填 wooden
11. 【答案】bottom
【解析】词组in the bottom of在…的底部。故填 bottom
12. 【答案】litter
【解析】从句意可知。故填litter
13. 【答案】Advantage
【解析】她有一个好的教育的便利条件，所以她得到了一个好工作， 故填Advantage
【分层突破】（巩固双基，提升能力）
双基训练：
一、根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，有的需要变换形式
1. 【答案】coal
【解析】根据句意，一块热炭从火里蹦出来烧了地毯。故填coal
2. 【答案】takeaway
【解析】 根据句意，外卖食品指的是从餐馆里买的东西带到其他地方吃。故填takeaway
3. 【答案】bin
【解析】根据句意，你需要它吗？否则我把它扔到垃圾桶里了。故填bin
4. 【答案】costs
【解析】根据句意，写很长的小说需要花费很多时间和耐心。故填costs
5. 【答案】Fishermen
【解析】根据句意，很多渔民在捕鱼。故填Fishermen
二、 单项选择
6.【答案】A
【解析】used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”；be / get used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”；句意：他过去经常和父母外出，但是他现在习惯于独自呆在家里。
7. 【答案】 D
【解析】表示“某物花费某人多少钱”应当用cost。
8. 【答案】 C
【解析】cut down意为“减少”；句意：我们必须做一切有用的事情来减少污染。
9. 【答案】B
【解析】lead to 意为“导致；引起”；句意：吸烟能引起肺癌。
10. 【答案】A
【解析】advantage 意为“优点”；句意：—骑自行车的好处是什么？—它能帮助减少空气污染。
11. 【答案】
【解析】D 句意：他想在下个清洁日发挥重要作用。play against与……对抗；play with与……玩；play a part in起……作用。根据句意，故选D。21教育网
12．【答案】
【解析】B clean out 意为“扫除，清除，打扫干净”，clean up 意为“打扫干净，整理好”。根据句意，“把城市打扫干净”，故选B。21cnjy.com
13．【答案】 B
【解析】 instead of是短语介词，意思是“代替；而不是”，它后面一般接名词、代词、动名词等；instead单独使用时，是副词，意思是“代替；顶替”。本句后面跟的是动名词，故选B。21·cn·jy·com
14．【答案】A
【解析】 句意为：这件蓝色的衬衫花了他20美元。cost的主语必须是物；spend的主语必须是人；pay为“付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人；take常用于表示“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语it或物。根据句意及句子结构可知选A。
15．【答案】B
【解析】cut off 意为“切断”，cut down意为“砍倒”，cut down on意为“减少”，cut up 意为“切碎”。由句意“我们应该停止随意砍伐树木。”故选B。www.21-cn-jy.com
能力提升：
根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的选项补全对话，其中有两项多余
1 .【答案】E
【解析】根据回答，没有看电视，接着询问关于什么内容。故选E
2. 【答案】G
【解析】由下面的What can we do? 推知上面的回答应该是G.
3. 【答案】F
【解析】由After washing something, we can use the water to do something else.可知前面谈论的是水。故选F2·1·c·n·j·y
4. 【答案】A
【解析】根据常识和句意，废弃水和物的排放会导致生物的死亡。故选A
5. 【答案】D
【解析】由Making paper takes too many trees.可知是谈论的纸张。故选D
二、根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空词数不限
6. 【答案】to cut down
【解析】不定式表目的。故填to cut down
7 . 【答案】full of / filled with
【解析】be full of;be filled with的用法考察。故填full of / filled with【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
8. 【答案】played a part in
【解析】考察短语play a part in参与用法,结合现在完成时。故填full of / filled with
9. 【答案】is good for
【解析】:对谁有好处be good for。故填is good for
10. 【答案】instead of
【解析】而不是,instead of。故填instead of
11. 【答案】made a difference
【解析】发挥作用make a difference,结合现在完成时考察。故填made a difference
12. 【答案】turn; into
【解析】turn ….into….短语的考察。故填turn; into
13. 【答案】keep; clean
【解析】keep sth+adj。故填keep; clean
14. 【答案】Remember to buy
【解析】:remember to do sth记得去做某事。故填Remember to buy
15. 【答案】noise pollution
【解析】噪音污染noise pollution.故填noise pollution
拓展训练
一、阅读理解
1. 【答案】C
【解析】由My parents taught me not to waste food.文章第一句得出此答案。
2. 【答案】D
【解析】由I went to Ilan to learn about some of their special foods. 得出此答案。
3. 【答案】C
【解析】第二段中One of these dishes is kao zha. It’s made with leftovers like meat, soup, oil and fat. 得出此答案。
4. 【答案】B
【解析】B kao zha. zao bing. duck meat.3种。
5. 【答案】A
【解析】由Many years ago, there was not enough food for everyone. 得出此答案。
【中考链接】
【解答】答案：A
【解析】根据各个选项的意思collect"收集；募捐"；put up"，举起，张贴"；spend"花费"结合下文意思We organized a book fair on the playground and sold some books and CDs"我们在操场上组织了一个书籍展，卖一些书和CD"可推知为住院的贫穷老人筹集、募捐资金，即raise意为"筹集"选项中collect可表达类似意思，故选A
【点评】首先根据语境，理解划线单词的意思，再细读选项中三个动词的不同含义，然后捕捉到解题线索即可选出正确答案
sectionA
第2课时（3a-4c）
【快乐预习】
一、英汉互译
【答案】
1. …对……有害
2.食物链
3.at the top of
4.turn off
5.参加
6. 付费；付出代价
7.take action
8.90 percent
二. 根据句意及所给汉语提示，写出句中所缺单词
【答案】cruel 2. law 3.industry 4. afford 5. Scientific
【分层突破】（巩固双基，提升能力）
双基训练：
一、根据句意及所给汉语提示，用恰当的短语填空
1.【答案】took part in
【解析】last week是过去时的标志词，结合短语take part in 的考察。
2. 【答案】turn off
【解析】 turn off关掉。
3 . 【答案】is harmful to
【解析】 be harmful to对……有害。
4. 【答案】pay for
【解析】pay for为……付出代价。
5. 【答案】at the top of
【解析】at the top of 在……顶部。
6. 【答案】took action
【解析】take action采取行动，根据句子得出使用一般过去时态。
7. 【答案】the food chain
【解析】the food chain食物链。
8. 【答案】cut off
【解析】cut off切掉。
二、单项选择
9.【答案】A
【解析】表示参加某种活动或运动项目，用take part in。故选A
10. 【答案】A
【解析】afford to do sth. 意为“负担得起某事”。故选A
11. 【答案】D
【解析】turn off意为“关闭”；句意：离开房间时记得把灯关上。故选D
12. 【答案】B
【解析】pay for sth. 意为“为……付费”；句意：这个女孩总是有钱买零食。故选B
13. 【答案】A
【解析】the number of 意为“……的数量”；a number of 意为“许多”；句意：—看！许多男孩子在操场上玩。—是的。他们的数量大约是200。故选A
14. 【答案】A
【解析】根据句意正在使用。对现在进行时态的考察。故选A
15. 【答案】C
【解析】Since 2010用现在完成时。故选C
16. 【答案】C
【解析】主语与谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选C
17. 【答案】D
【解析】由just now可知一般过去时，有因为主语与谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选D
18. 【答案】B
【解析】 对used to do sth短语的考察。故选B
能力提升：
根据汉语提示完成句子
1.【答案】take action
【解析】词组take action采取行动故填 take action
2. 【答案】heard of
【解析】hear of听说，又因have要接过去分词。故填heard of
3. 【答案】to help out
【解析】由句意可知，故填 to help out
4. 【答案】So far
【解析】词组So far到目前为止。故填 So far
5. 【答案】In fact
【解析】In fact实际上。故填In fact
句型转换
6. 【答案】not to park
【解析】祈使句变间接引语的引导词是to/not to，故填not to park
7. 【答案】has been away
【解析】因为since two weeks ago要和现在完成时连用；同时leave要用延续性动词。故填 has been away
8. 【答案】has been cleaned
【解析】现在完成时的被动语态的基本形式：have/has+动词的过去分词。故填has been cleaned
9. 【答案】am made to
【解析】一般现在时的被动语态的基本形式：am/is/are+动词的过去分词。故填am made to
10. 【答案】haven’t finished; yet
【解析】由现在完成时的否定句结构可知，故填haven’t finished; yet
拓展训练
一、根据短文内容,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词或情态动词
1.【答案】catch
【解析】It’s easy for sb. to do sth,所以是动词原形catch.
2. 【答案】to stay
【解析】to stay不定式结构表示目的。故填to stay
3. 【答案】passing
【解析】stop germs passing from one person to another.阻止细菌从一人传给另一人。 故填passing
4. 【答案】Don’t use
【解析】祈使句的否定形式。 故填Don’t use
5. 【答案】are coughing / cough
【解析】当你咳嗽的时候，用一般现在时态和现在进行时态都行。故填are coughing / cough
6. 【答案】keep
【解析】you’d better后跟动词原形。故填keep
7. 【答案】won’t have
【解析】你将拥有足够的新鲜空气，所以用一般将来时态。
8. 【答案】try
【解析】情态动词should后面跟动词原形。故填try
9. 【答案】are
【解析】那些生病的人，those提示be动词要用复数形式are.
10. 【答案】to boil
【解析】remember to do sth.记得去做某事。故填to boil
【中考链接】
41.【答案】A
【解析】turn on：打开 turn up：出现；露面
turn down：调低，拒绝 turn off：关掉
Section B
第3课时（1a—1e）
【快乐预习】
一、按要求做题
【答案】
1. especially
2. recently
3.environmental
4. importance
5. protection
6. building
7. unusual
8. recycking
二、根据句意和首字母提示完成单词
9.【答案】napkins
【解析】由句意可知，故填 napkins
10. 【答案】recycle
【解析】句意：我们应该回收书和纸张， 故填recycle
11. 【答案】take
【解析】句意：当你购物时，请带上自己的包。故填take
12. 【答案】off
【解析】turn off关掉，故填 off
13. 【答案】endangered
【解析】由句意可知，故填endangered
【分层突破】（巩固双基，提升能力）
双基训练：
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. 【答案】to help
【解析】to help to do 不定式作目的状语。故填to help
2. 【答案】Recycling
【解析】动名词作主语。故填Recycling
3. 【答案】riding
【解析】stop doing sth停止正在做的事情。故填riding
4. 【答案】use
【解析】 情态动词后面跟动词原形。故填use
5. 【答案】stopped
【解析】stop doing sth停止正在做的事情，last week 提示用一般过去时。故填stopped
单项选择
6. 【答案】C
【解析】ask sb. (not)to do sth.故选C
7.【答案】A
【解析】 it 作形式宾语。故选A
8. 【答案】B
【解析】to do 不定式作目的状语。故选B
9. 【答案】B
【解析】not only…but also…句子的谓语动词用就近原则。故选B
10.【答案】A
【解析】冠词的用法考察，an 用于元音音素开头的单词前面。故选A
11. 【答案】D
【解析】throw away扔掉。故选D
12. 【答案】B
【解析】afford支付，offer 提供，avoid避免，allow允许。故选B
13. 【答案】D
【解析】plastic bags塑料袋。故选D
14. 【答案】B
【解析】对instead of doing sth的考察。故选B
15. 【答案】C
【解析】情态动词的考察，表示能够，用can。need 是需要的意思，have to 不得不，must 是必须。故选C
能力提升：
一、用动词的适当形式填空
1. 【答案】to work
【解析】句意：在所有的科目上我们都尽量的努力工作。work工作，是一个动词。这句话中使用的句型是try to do sth.尽力去做某事，故填to work。
2. 【答案】be
【解析】句意：过去有很多海牛，但是现在几乎没有了。句中used to的意思是过去常常做某事，后面跟动词原形。这句话使用的是there be句型，因此这里应使用be动词的原形。
3. 【答案】thrown。
【解析】句意：你曾经扔掉过你不喜欢使用的东西吗？throw away扔掉，是一个固定的动词短语。根据句意和空前的have可知，这句话用的是现在完成时态，故填过去分词thrown。
4. 【答案】set
【解析】句意：我也建立了一个网站在网上卖衣服。set up建立，是固定短语。根据句意和句中的have可知，这句话用的是现在完成时态，set的过去分词还是set，故填set。
5. 【答案】has worked
【解析】句意：Mark在中国工作10年了，现在他在英国教汉语。根据句意和句中的时间状语for 10 years可知，这句话应使用现在完成时态，主语Mark是第三人称单数，故填has worked。
二、根据题意完成句子
6. 【答案】turn off; while
【解析】句意: 当你在洗头的时候请关闭水龙头。故填 turn off; while
7. 【答案】Saving endangered animals
【解析】句意 : 拯救濒危动物是我们为世界做的一件事情。故填 Saving endangered animals
8. 【答案】really; I agree
【解析】easy是形容词，要用副词修饰。故填really。故填really; I agree
9. 【答案】should use public transportation; disagree
【解析】从句意可知，故填 should use public transportation; disagree
10. 【答案】environmental; are against
【解析】句意：两个环境保护组织反对鱼翅业。 故填environmental; are against
拓展训练
一、阅读理解
1. 【答案】D
【解析】文体的类型选择，根据文章的内容和格式，应该是倡议书。故选D
2. 【答案】A
【解析】从第二条建议中得知此答案。故选A
3. 【答案】B
【解析】从第八条建议中得知此答案。故选B
4. 【答案】C
【解析】此题注意选出的是错误选项，从文章得知C项不是作者提出的。故选C
5. 【答案】D
【解析】文章的主旨考察。通过阅读整篇文章可以得知文章谈论的主题是如何保护地球。故选D
【中考链接】
13.【答案】答案：A
【解析】：根据第一句话的2016 Rio Olympics可以判断奥运会前面应当是参加，整个语句的意思为﹣这个夏天，很多运动员会去巴西参加2016年里约奥运会．所以应当选择意思是参加的词语．A．take part in 参加 B．take pride in 以…为骄傲 C．take in接受，领会，由此可见A最符合题意，故选A
【点评】本题较为简单．本题考查的是根据对句子的理解来选择合适的词语，所以要求理解语句，从而轻松解答．
Section B
第4课时（2a—2e）
【快乐预习】
一、词组翻译
【答案】
1.throw away
2.put sth. to good use
3.pull…down
4.turn upside down
5.set up
6.bring sb. Back to
7.be known for
8.not only…but also…
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
9.【答案】recycle
【解析】从something that you didn’t use可知，该用recycle又因It’s +形容词 to sth ,故填recycle
10.【答案】throw away
【解析】词组throw away扔掉。故填throw away
11.【答案】pulled down
【解析】pull down推倒，建筑物被推倒，故填pulled down
12.【答案】works
【解析】由句意可知，故填works
13.【答案】to make
【解析】use…to do sth用…来做…故填to make
14.【答案】recycling
【解析】动名词recycling做主语，故填recycling
15.【答案】president
【解析】由句意可知。故填president
16.【答案】inspiration
【解析】由句意可知，故填inspiration
【分层突破】（巩固双基，提升能力）
双基训练：
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.【答案】be
【解析】 used to 后跟动词原形。故填be
2. 【答案】cleaning
【解析】play a part in doing sth.故填cleaning
3. 【答案】protection
【解析】环境保护Environmental protection。故填protection
4. 【答案】changes
【解析】改变，变化，用名词changes。故填changes
5. 【答案】getting
【解析】 现在进行时态的考察。故填getting
6. 【答案】to use
【解析】 to do 不定式作目的状语。故填to use
7. 【答案】set
【解析】four years ago.可知用一般过去时。故填set
8. 【答案】using
【解析】 be known for doing sth以做某事闻名。故填using
二、单项选择
9. 【答案】
【教材】D be made of 意为“由……制成”；be made in 意为“在……制造”。
10. 【答案】
【教材】A not only … but also …意为“不但……而且……”；句意：—他和我都去过北京。—真的吗？你们什么时候去的？
11. 【答案】
【教材】 A pull down 拆毁。句意：这些老城墙很危险，它们不久会被拆除。
12. 【答案】
【教材】 A build sth. out of sth. 意为“用……制成……”。
13. 【答案】
【教材】 A set up 意为“建立”；句意：他们决定做些小生意赚些钱。
14. 【答案】
【教材】 C解析: be harmful to对….有害。
15. 【答案】
【教材】 B 解析: excuse借口，methods方法，chances机会，plans计划，根据句义选择其他的方法。
16. 【答案】
【教材】 A解析: cut down砍伐，cut up切碎。
17. 【答案】
【教材】 A解析:It takes sb+时间/金钱.
18. 【答案】
【教材】 A解析: care about doing sth关注做某事，stop doing sth停止正在做的事。
能力提升：
一、句型转换
1. 【答案】
【解析】hope to do sth=hope +句子。故填to visit
2. 【答案】故填to visit
【解析】both…and…=not only…but also …故填not only; but also
3. 【答案】didn’t use to
【解析】句子是过去时，故填didn’t use to
4. 【答案】not allowed to use
【解析】一般现在时的被动语态是 am/is/are+动词的过去分词，故填not allowed to use
5. 【答案】have been away
【解析】因为for ten minutes.引导的时间状语，动词要用延续性动词。故填have been away
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
6.【答案】
【解析】throw away扔掉，又因yesterday，故填threw away
7. 【答案】put to good use
【解析】put to good use好好利用，故填 put to good use
8. 【答案】up side down
【解析】up side down倒置，故填up side down
9. 【答案】bring back
【解析】bring back唤起。故填 bring back
10. 【答案】known for
【解析】be known for因…而著名。故填 known for
拓展训练.
一、阅读理解
1. 【答案】A
【解析】文章第一段的得知Jason是残疾人。故选A
2. 【答案】B
【解析】第四段第一句得知答案。故选B
3. 【答案】C
【解析】根据语境推测单词含义得出是困难的意思。故选C
4. 【答案】A
【解析】注意所选的是没有讲到的选项，除了A，其他选项都提到。故选A
5. 【答案】A
【解析】文章的主题是谈论残疾人也有能力干事情。故选A
【中考链接】
13．【答案】A
【解析】根据第一句话的2016 Rio Olympics可以判断奥运会前面应当是参加，整个语句的意思为﹣这个夏天，很多运动员会去巴西参加2016年里约奥运会．所以应当选择意思是参加的词语．A．take part in 参加 B．take pride in 以…为骄傲 C．take in接受，领会，由此可见A最符合题意，故选A
【点评】本题较为简单．本题考查的是根据对句子的理解来选择合适的词语，所以要求理解语句，从而轻松解答．
Seciton B
第5课时（2a—Self Check）
【快乐预习】
一、按要求做题
【答案】
n. — adj.
1. famous
2. scientific
3. healthy
4. southern
adj.— n.
5. sun
6. noise
7. harm
8. beauty
二、 用所给词的适当形式填空
9.【答案】to be
【解析】因used to do sth故填to be
10. 【答案】clean
【解析】情态动词should+do；故填clean
11. 【答案】is sleeping
【解析】Look! Listen！放在句首时，要用现在进行时。 故填is sleeping
12. 【答案】are planted
【解析】树 要被种植，用被动语态。故填are planted
13. 【答案】has lived
【解析】因为for 20 years要用现在完成时。故填 has lived
【分层突破】（巩固双基，提升能力）
双基训练：
根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. 【答案】building?
【解析】建筑物，动词转换为名词。故填building?
2. 【答案】lucky?
【解析】名词转换为形容词修饰boy.故填lucky?
3. 【答案】performance
【解析】动词转换为名词，意为表演。故填performance
4. 【答案】differently
【解析】形容词转换为副词来修饰动词act.故填
5. 【答案】Uncomfortable
【解析】根据句意选择反义词。故填Uncomfortable
二、 单项选择
6. 【答案】
【解析】A sth. needs to be done 意为“某物需要被……”。
7. 【答案】
【解析】 B cause 意为“引起；造成”。句意：他的死亡是由高烧引起的。
8. 【答案】
【解析】A used to do sth.意为“过去常用常做某事”。
9. 【答案】
【解析】 A 由时间状语every day可推断出用一般现在时；it指代classroom，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。
10. 【答案】
【解析】B 由时间状语before可推断出用现在完成时，never是表示否定意义的副词，所以附加疑问句用肯定形式；再根据答语的后半部分可推断出“他以前偷过东西”；横线上用yes。
11. 【答案】
【解析】D“他还没有出现”表示从过去某个时间开始持续到现在状态，应当用现在完成时。
12. 【答案】
【解析】A 句子的主语Ba Jin是动作的承受者，应当用被动语态。
13. 【答案】
【解析】 A 指“他(说话时) 正在房间里看书”。
14. 【答案】
【解析】 D must 意为“必须”；句意：你必须先让你妈知道。
15. 【答案】
【解析】 A used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”；句意：她的儿子过去常喝可乐，但是他出在习惯喝牛奶了。
能力提升：
一、根据汉语意思及括号内所给提示，将下列句子翻译成英语
【答案】
1. They pulled the old house down last year.
2. These books must be brought back by June 20.
3. Mom asked me to throw away the dirty bread.
4. I saw the plate lying upside down on the floor.
5. They decided to put the old newspapers to good use.
二、 将下面的句子改为同义句
6.【答案】Not only ；but also
【解析】Not only… but also …不但…而且…故填Not only but also
7. 【答案】is harmful to
【解析】be harmful to 对…有害。故填is harmful to
8. 【答案】lots of ；to
【解析】根据句意可知，故填 lots of ；to
9. 【答案】paid for
【解析】pay …for 为…付款，故填paid for
10. 【答案】to be cut
【解析】need doing sth=need to be done，故填 to be cut
拓展训练
一、阅读理解
1. 【答案】C
【解析】A项表示“旅行指南”；B项表示“电影海报”；C项表示“个人博客”；D项表示“地质杂志”。因为文章是个人讲述的为保护环境而努力的事情，故此文章在个人博客上阅读到的可能性大些。故选C。
2. 【答案】A
【解析】根据文章第一段内容和第二段的第一句话“So my family does what we can. （所以我的家人做我们能做的一切。）” 可知，作者很担心当前环境被破坏的问题，故他用布袋购物是为了做些对环境有益的事，故选A。B项中的贵贱问题文中没有提及；C、D两项根据文章第三段中的第二句可以排除。
3. 【答案】D
【解析】四个选项的意思是：frustrating“令人沮丧的”，surprising“令人惊奇的”，terrible“可怕的”，fantastic“极好的，了不起的，很大的”。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句话“...thousands of flamingos taking off into the sky at once!（……成千上万只火烈鸟同时起飞到空中！）”可推知这是一个多么壮观的景象啊。故画线部分的含义为D。
4. 【答案】B
【解析】根据文章第二段最后一句话“We walk where we don’t have to drive...（我们步行去不必开车就能去的地方……）”可知A项是错误的；根据文章第一段第二句话中的endangered wild animals...可知C项是错误的；根据文章第四段内容可知少数火烈鸟们在尝试了很多次之后才引起众多火烈鸟的注意, 故D项也是错误的。根据文章第四段第一句话“I recently learned something about flamingos which like to get together in groups of a thousand or more. （我最近了解了一些关于火烈鸟的事，它们喜欢上千只或更多的火烈鸟聚在一起。）”可知火烈鸟喜欢群居。所以B项正确。
45. 【答案】B
【解析】通读全文可知，作者写这篇文章的主要意图是告诉人们坚持尝试会产生不同的效果。故选B。
【中考链接】
45. 【答案】C
【解析】created是过去分词，做QQ的后置定语，因为qq是被马化腾create，是动宾关系，也就是说是被动关系，过去分词表示被动，所以用过去分词做后置定语。【created 做QQ的后置定语】
40【答案】A
【解析】从since last term可知，故选A
书面表达
【答案】 As we all know，plastic bags may fly with the wind and make the environment ugly．
As we all know．plastic bags may fly with the wind and make the environment ugly．Worse still，animals may eat them by mistake and die．With plastic bags in the fields, crops can’t grow will Besides,burning plastic bags will pollute the air．So trying to use fewer plastic bags is important．
I think all the shops should stop offering free plastic bags．We should try to use cloth or paper bags instead of plastic ones when shopping．What’s more，whenever we see plastic bags in the streets or fields，We should pick them up and put them into dustbins．If everyone takes an immediate action,we are sure to build our city into a more beautiful one．
【解析】本文是根据提示写一篇对塑料—白色垃圾的认识，所以文章的时态为一般现在时为主，所写的句子应该符合英语语法，要使用高级的句式和词汇。写作中分析塑料袋的危害，发表自己的看法。写作中可借助情态动词may可能, can能, can’t不能, should应该。注意复合句的使用如I think…,I believe…,及主从复合句的使用如：If everyone takes an immediate action, we are sure to build our city into a more beautiful one．
