英语中考专题复习课件：定语从句

课件31张PPT。The Attributive Clause定语从句解决两个问题：
第一，什么是定语？
第二，什么可以作定语？
概念——定语常常用来修饰名词，常常放在名词的前面或名词后。
（一）放在名词前面用来修饰名词的词语有哪些？
如 a big dog，my book，these flowers，beautiful pictures
总结：形容词(adj.)，形容词物主代词(my/ your/ his/ her/ its/ our/ your/ their)，不定代词(this/ that/ these/ those)常常放在名词前修饰名词；
红裤子
旧自行车
那些树
我们的学校
这只猫
蓝色的天空red pantsold bikes/ an old bike those treesour schoolthis catblue sky注意：形容词修饰下面三个词的时候要放到这三个的后面：something important，anything funny，nothing special（二）放在名词后面用来修饰名词的词语有哪些？
例如：streets in Beijing (北京的街道)，
shops along streets(沿街的商店)，
the pictures on the wall(墙上的图画)
dogs that like eating fruits(爱吃水果的狗)，
students who helped teachers(帮助老师的学生)
总结：介词短语和句子修饰名词的时候，
放在名词的后面
介词短语通常是：介词+地点等这里的人们
海里的鱼
教室前面的树
我们家的照片
擅长跑步的男孩
爱唱歌的小鸟
people herefishes in the seatrees in front of the classroomthe pictures of my familya boy who is good at runningbirds that like singing今天的话题就是定语从句，即一个句子放在一个词的后面修饰该词，这个句子就叫定语从句。
学习定语从句需要牢牢把握三点：
第一，定语从句和被修饰词之间要有一个连接词连接，该词在语法上被称之为“关系代词或副词”；
第二，被定语从句修饰的词语，在语法上被称之“先行词”，该“先行词”的作用是：在后面的定语从句中充当某一个成分，如作主语，作宾语，作定语，作状语等。
第三，先行词（物还是人）及先行词在句子中做什么成分（主语？宾语？定语？状语？），决定了用哪个关系代词或副词。Which baby is Jack?穿红裤子的baby是Jack。The baby is wearing red pants .The baby is Jack.The baby is Jack.who is wearing red pantsJack定语从句先行词关系代词who总结：先行词是人且在定语从句中作主语用who引导Which house is mine?房(子的) 顶是棕色的房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy houseThe house’s roof is brown.The house is mine.定语从句先行词关系代词 whose总结：先行词若在定语从句中表“属于…所有的”用whose引导I talked with the man.The man is our teacher.The man (who/whom) I talked with(-) is our teacher.I talked with the man who is our teacher总结：先行词是人且在定语从句中作宾语用who/whom引导，
且可以省略。
总结：先行词是人且在定语从句中作主语用who引导，
不可以省略。
These are the trees.The trees were planted last year.These are the trees which were planted last year.总结:先行词是物且在定语从句中作主语或宾语用which引导。这些是去年栽的树。总结：先行词是人且在定语从句中做主语或宾语的时候，关系代词_________；作宾语的时候，用_________先行词若在宾语从句中充当定语表示“（谁）的”时候，关系代词用__________先行词若是物且在宾语从句中充当主语或宾语的时候，关系代词是__________whowhomwhosewhich 总结：若先行词是 人或物，在定语从句中
作主语或宾语 时都可以用that引导。A plane is a machine. A machine can fly.A plane is a machine __________can fly.He is the man. I told you about him.He is the man __________ I told you about.定语从句中的另一个关系代词
thatwhichthatwho/whomthat1.The house ____________ we live in (-) is very old.
2.Those are the shoes _____________ I lost (-) last week.
3.That is the man __________ found my handbag.
4.Lucy can’t eat food ___________ has chocolate in it.
5. The car ____________ my uncle bought (-) last month is very beautiful.
which/ that which/ that who/ that which/ that which/ that归纳: that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。
which,只指物，作主语或宾语。
who, whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。
that, which, whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1) A plane is a machine ________________ can fly.
2) The car __________ my uncle bought last week
was stolen.
3) The students _________ don’t study hard
will not pass the exam.
4) The woman ____________you saw in
the park is our English teacher.which/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhom/that6. The village ____________ Guo Peng lives in is very far away.
7. The boy __________ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
8. I hate people __________ talk much but do little.
9. The detective found the thieves __________ robbed the Bank of Hawaii.
10. My aunt works in a university ____________ has over five thousand students. which/ that who/ that who/ that who/ that which/ that以下情况只能用“that”作关系代词：
1.先行词既有指人又有指物；
2.当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时或有the only, the very等修饰时；
3.先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing等不定代词；
4.主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时；Fill in the blanks:
1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle
_______ were in the fields.
2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _______ is in
front of our school gate.
3.This is the very thing ______ I was looking for.
4.This is the second novel ______ I have ever read.
5.There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten
me.
6.Who is the man _______ is reading under the tree?
7.Which is the pen _______ you bought?
thatthatthatthatthatthatthatI’ll never forget the day 关系副词（一） whenI joined the league on the day.I’ll never forget the day on when I joined the league.I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the league.注意：这里的when是副词，所以前面的on省略掉×注：但是若把the day看做是on的宾语，我们可以用
代替宾语的引导词which。如下I’ll never forget the day when I joined the league on.×关系副词 （二）where.This is the house. I lived in the house two years ago.This is the house in where I lived two years ago.注意：这里的where是副词，所以前面的in省略掉注：但是若把the house看做是in的宾语，我们可以用
代替宾语的引导词which。如下This is the house in which I lived two years ago.×This is the house where I lived in two years ago.×I know the reason.关系副词（三） whyI know the reason for why she was late.She was late for the reason.I know the reason why she was late for.××I know the reason for which she was late.
7. I can’t forget the days _______ I studied in college.
I can’t forget the days on_______ I studied in college

I can’t forget the days ______ I spent (-)in college.
8. The library _____ we often read books on Sundays
is not far from our school.
9. The library ______ we often read in (-) on Sundays
is not far from our school.whenwhichwhich注意下面的句子引导词的使用wherewhich(I can’t forget the days; I studied in the college on the days)(I can’t forget the days; I spent the days in the college )(The library is not far from our school ; we often read in the library on Sundays)10. No one knows the reason _______ she is
leaving so early.
No one knows the reason for_______ she is
leaving so early.
11. They came to a river ________ a new bridge is being built over (-) .
12.They came to a river _______ a new bridge is being built.why which which whereNo one knows the reason; she is leaving so early for the reason They came to a river. A new bridge is being built over the river.自”即“介词＋which”引
导我定语从句应注意：
1介 测词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素
A.与 试先行词的搭配关系
1）I will never forget the day _____________ I
joined the army.
2) I will never forget the days ________________ I
worked in the school.
3) I will never forget the year _____________ my son
went to college.
4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday ____________
most people had had supper.when/ on whichwhen/during whichwhen/in whichwhen/by which
5. I still remember the day _________ we spent in
the forest.
6. I still remember the day ____________ I first
came to Beijing.
7. The factory _________ we will visit is large.
8. The factory ____________ his father works is large.
9. I’ll never forget the time _____________ we work
on the farm.
10. This is the house ____________ we lived last year.that/whichwhen/on whichthat/whichwhere/in whichwhen/at whichwhere/in which归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,
在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若
作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that, which.以下为较难的定语从句：
Complete the following sentences:
1. Is this the school _________ you visited(-)last year?
Is this school ____ ____ you visited last year?
2. He is one of the students who _____ good at math.
He is the only one of the students who _____ good
at math.
3. The girl _____ was always honest lied to me.
The girl ______ I met (-) lied to me.
4. I don’t know the time _______ she arrive(-)
5.China is no longer the country ________ I saw (-)
10 years ago.that/whichthe oneareiswhowhomwhenthat/which在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：
1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从句中充当一个成分，因此， 要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。
2 当先行词指人时，关系代词可用who（做主语，宾语），that（做主语，宾语），whom（作宾语），whose（作定语）
3 当先行词指物时，关系代词可用that（做主语，宾语），which（做主语，宾语）
4 在定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词常可省，
但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后只用whom，指物时，介词后只用which。The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.若先行词在定语从句做某个介词的宾语，如果介词提前，作宾语的关系代词不能省略。指物，只用 which
指人,只用whom
Is this the library from which you borrow books?Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, or which.1 The earthquake ____________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
2 We don’t know the number of people __________ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.
3 The house ____________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.
4 A house ___________ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.
5 Luckily none of the people ___________ I know were killed in the earthquake.
6 People _________ study earthquakes thinks that there will be another big one soon.
which/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwho/whomwho限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：My sister, who is twenty, works in a bank.The man who came here yesterday has
come again.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，
如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从
句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先
行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。
这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose that, or which.5 The family _____ I’m staying with(-)lives in town.
6 I know the student ________ article was published.
7 Betty, ______ has never been abroad, is studying English very well.
8 My parents live in a house _____________ is more than 100 years old.
9 The boy to _______ John spoke is my brother.thatwhosewhowhich/thatwhomBye-byeMany thanks