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中考总复习专题八 动词的时态和语态
考点一 动词的时态
1、一般现在时
1、表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态、特征。常用的时间状语有often , usually , always , sometimes , every day /week 等 。
提醒：当第三人称作主语时，别忘了动词的变化。
He usually goes to school by bike .
他通常骑自行车上学。 （经常性动作）
They’re both fine , too. 他们两个也都很好。 （现在的状态）
2. 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
If you don’t go soon , you’ll be late . 如果你不快点去，你就会迟到。
You mustn’t eat anything until you see the doctor . www-2-1-cnjy-com
看医生之前你一定不要吃任何东西。
3. begin , come , go , leave, start , arrive 等动词常用一般现在时表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作。 21*cnjy*com
Class begins at eights in the morning . 早上8点开始上课。
4. 客观真理、事实要用一般现在时。如：太阳、月亮的升起、落下、定律等。
The sun rises in the east . 太阳从东方升起。
The Earth moves around the sun 地球围绕太阳转。
2、一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。常用的时间状语有yesterday , yesterday morning / afternoon /evening , last night /week/month /year , in 1990 , two years ago 等 。
It snowed heavily last night 昨天晚上雪下很大。
It was very cold yesterday . 昨天非常冷 。
3、一般将来时
1. 一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态， 常与表示将来的时间状语，如tomorrow, tomorrow morning /afternoon /evening , next week/month /year, soon , in a few days 等连用。
Mr. Wu will teach us English this term .
这学期将由吴老师教我们英语。
I will go to my hometown next week . 下周我要回老家。
2一般将来时有下面几种形式：
（1）助动词will +动词原形。
We won’t leave before nine. 9点之前我们不会走。
在疑问句中，当主语是第一人称I或we时，常用助动词shall .
What time shall we leave 我们什么时候出发？
What shall we do in our English class tomorrow
明天的英语课上我们干什么？
(2) “be going to +动词原形”表示即将发生某事或打算、计划要做某事。
I’m going to do my homework this evening .
我打算今晚做我的家庭作业。
Who is going to speak first 谁先发言？
（3）come , go , start , leave 等动词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事。
I am going to Beijing this Sunday .
（4）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来要发生的事。
I’ll give the note to him as soon as he comes back . 21世纪教育网
他一回来我就把这这张张条交给他。
4、现在进行时
1. 现在进行时由“助动词am/is/are +现在分词”构成，表示现在正在进行的动作。其时间状语为now或现在的具体时刻，也可从上下文体现出来。 21cnjy.com
-----What are you doing
---- I’m reading a book .
你在干什么？我正在看书。
He is watching TV now 现在他正在看电视。
2 “系动词+介词/副词”也可表示正在进行的动作。
He is at work 他正在工作。
3 表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些词，如hope, smell, smell, hear , see, like 等一般不用进行时态。 【21·世纪·教育·网】
5、过去进行时
过去进行时由“was/were +动词现在分词”构成，表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。 这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示外，一般用表示过去的时间状语表示，常和at that time , at six yesterday , at that moment , this time yesterday 等连用。
They were having a class this time yesterday .
昨天这上时候他们正在上课。
6、现在完成时
1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成和影响或结果。通常和副词never , ever , just , already , yet 等连用。
----Haven’t you finished your homework yet
----Yes , I have . I’ve just finished yet !
你还没完成你的家庭吗？不， 我完成了。我刚刚完成的。
How many letters have you written to your father 【21教育名师】
你给你父亲写了多少封信？
2现在完成时表示过去已经开始的、持续到现在的动作或状态。通常和时间状语before,recently , once, twice , for +时间段，since +时间点，yet等连用。 【21教育】
I’ve known Li Lei for three years .
我认识李雷已经3年了。
We’ve lived here since 2001
自从2001年我们就一直住在这里。
3 延续性动词和非延续动词的用法。
延续性动词：work , stand , know , walk , keep , have , wait , watch , read, sleep , sing , live , etc. www.21-cn-jy.com
非延续性动词：die , arrive , close , become, come , fall , leave , go , jump , join , buy , borrow, start , begin , etc . 2·1·c·n·j·y
（1）若表示动作、状态持续时，用延续性动词。
We have studied English for three years .
我们已学了3年英语。
He has worked at that factory since he came to the city .
自从他来到这个城市就一直在那个工厂工作。
(2) 延续性动词一般不与表示“点”的时间状语连用。
注意: 不可以说It rained at eight yesterday morning .
但可以借助非延续性动词来表达：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning . 昨天早上8点就开始下雨了。 21*教*育*名*师
（3）若表示一次性的动作时，用非延续性动词。非延续性动词的否定式可以表示延续性的动作。
I put on my coat quickly and went out .
我迅速穿上外套出去了。
注意：不可以说We came back until 9:00
但可以说We didn’t come back until 9:00
我们直到9点才回来。
(4) 非延续性动词不能用表示时间段的状语来修饰，要把动词或时间状语作适当调整，句子才能合理。
注意：不可以说The old man has died for three years.
但可以说The old man has been dead for three years .
这位老人已经去世3年了。
It is three years since the old man died .
这位老人是3年前去世的。
4. 记住句型 ：
(1) It has been / It’s +时间段+since 从句（动词用过去式）
It has been / It’s two years since his grandma died .
他的祖母已去世两年了。
(2) 时间段+has passed +since从句（动词用过去式）
Many years has passed since we knew each other .
我们已经认识许多年了。
5. 常见的非延续动词要接时间段时，需做如下转换。
动词变动词 buy →have , borrow →keep
变为“be+adj/adv. begin→be on close/open →be closed /open die→be dead finish→be over get up →be up marry →be married go →be off come →be here return→be back arrive →be there
变为”be +介词” come / go →be in /at join →be in (或be+成员） put on →be in (或wear )
考点二 动词的语态
1、被动语态的构成
1 被动语态是由“be+动词的过去分词”构成的。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。 如：
He was heard to sing in his room .
有人听到他在他的房间里唱歌。
2 各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do 为例）
时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句
主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does am/is /are + done We clean the classroom . The classroom is cleaned by us.
一般过去时 did was / were +done He made the kite . The kite was made by him
现在进行时 are/is/am +doing am / is /are +being +done She is watching The flowers are being watered by her .
现在完成时 have/has +done have /has been +done Jim has finished the work . The work has been finished by Jim /.
一般将来时 will/shall/be going to +do will /shall /be going to +be done They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
过去进行时 was /were +doing was / were being +done She was writing a letter this time yesterday . A letter was being written by her this time yesterday
过去完成时 had +done had +been done Jim had finished the work by last week . The work had been finished by Jim by last week .
过去将来时 would /be going to +do would /be going to +be done He said he would make a kite He said a kite would be made by him
含有情态动词 can / may /must/...+do can / may /must +be done I can find him . He can be found by me .
2、被动语态的用法
在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况：
1 不知道动作的执行者是谁。
This watch is made in China .
这块手表是在中国制造的。
2 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
Many trees must be planted every day .
每年必须种许多树。
3需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world .
世界上越来越多的人说汉语（强调汉语的广泛使用）
4 句子的主语是动作的承受者。
Many hoses were washed away by the flood .
许多房屋被洪水冲走了。
3、主动语态和被动语态的转换
（1） 主动语态变为被动语态
1要将主动句中宾语成为变为被动句中的主语成分，若主动句的宾语是人称代词，要将宾语变成主格。
2. 把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并作by 的宾语。
3. 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
We asked him to sing an English song . (变为被动语态）→He was asked to sing an English song by us . 21教育网
(2) 带双宾语的谓语动词变为被语态。
谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主语，则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for .【21cnj*y.co*m】
She gave me a book (变为被动语态）→I was given a book by her (直接宾语a book 转变为主语）21-cnjy*com
（3）动词短语变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。但是动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。
The old should be spoken to politely (to不可省略）
（4）带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。
I heard Jane playing the piano in her room (变为被动语态）→Jane was heard playing the piano in her room . 21·cn·jy·com
(5) 被动语态后动词形式的选择
主动句中在感官动词see, hear , watch , feel , notice 等以及使役动词let , make , have 等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to 21·世纪*教育网
He makes the girl stay at home (变为被语态）→ The girl is made to stay at home by him .
易混易错
1、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1. 侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。
Yesterday I went to the zoo
昨天我去了动物园。 （仅说明昨天去了动物园，未提及现在）
Li Lei has read the book . 李雷已读过那本书。（说明李雷了解那本书的内容 ）
2 与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：already , yet , still , just , so far , in the last/past few years , before , ever , never , since 引出的时间，for引出的时间等。而一般过去时则常与ago, yesterday , last year , in 2000, just now等连用。
注意：现在完成时不可与yesterday , last week , two days ago 等之类的过去时间状语连用。
Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park
你们曾在公园里摘过花或踩过草地吗？
My father bought that watch ten years ago .
我爸爸10年买的那块手表。
I have never seen the film before .
我以前从没看过这部影片。
2、主动结构表被动意义
1. open , lock , write , read , sell, clean , wash , cut , drive 等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时，可用主动语态表被动意义。
This pen writes very smoothly .
这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
2 look , sound , taste, smell 等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。
Uniforms look ugly on us.
我们穿着制服看起来很丑。
Moon cakes taste delicious .
月饼尝起来美味。
3 在be worth doing 中，doing 表被动意义。
This book is worth reading .
这本书值得一读。
4 want / need / require +doing 相当于want /need / require +to be done . to be done 表示不定式的被动结构。 2-1-c-n-j-y
My bike needs repairing = My bike needs to be repaired
我的自行车需要修理。
3、不用被动语态的情况。
1. 当主动句的宾语是each other 或反身代词时，不能变为被动语态。
The man introduced himself as Mr. White . (主动语态）
那个人说自已是怀特先生。
Himself was introduced as Mr. White (误 ）
They help each other study English (主动语态）
他们互相帮助学习英语。
Each other is helped to study English (误）
2 当主动的宾语是不定式或doing 时，不能变为被动语态。
My brother enjoys watching TV. (主动语态）
我弟弟喜欢看电视。
Watching TV is enjoying by my brother (误 ）
He asked to have a try (主动语态）
他请求试一试。
To have a try was asked by him (误 ）
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中考总复习专题八 动词的时态和语态题组
单项选择
1. My mother _____ some washing when the telephone rang .
A does B. did C. is doing D. was doing
2. Lily is my classmate . We _____ each other since she came to our school . 21·cn·jy·com
A know B. knew C. have known D. will know .
3. The earth is a planet and it _____ around the sun . 【21·世纪·教育·网】
A goes B. go C. will go D. went
4. I _____ in the city since I left school .
A live B. will live C. was living D. have lived 21世纪教育网
5. Some exchange students ______ with their host families this time yesterday . 2·1·c·n·j·y
A are chatting B. will chat C. were chatting D. have chatted
6. Several journalists ______ the lawyer about the international case an hour ago . 【21cnj*y.co*m】
A interview B. interviewed C. will interview D. had interviewed
7. In the past few years , many schools _____ the ways of doing morning exercises .
A change B. changes C. will change D. have changed
8. As soon as the rain _____ , they will go out to pick apples .
A stops B. stopped C. will stop D. is stopping
9. -----Paul , I’m busy cooking . Can you give me a hand
----Just a minute . I ____my e-mail .
A am checking B. will check C. have checked D. was checked
10. Don’t take the dictionary away . I _____it .
A use B. used C am using D. have used
11. The mobile phone _____ in 1973.
A invents B. is invented C. invented D. was invented
12. Let’s wait and see whether books _____ by the internet in the future .
A replace B. replaced C. will be replaced . D. were replaced
13. The museum _____ next month to celebrate the Science &Technology Festival . 21教育网
A is decorated B. will decorate C. is decorating D. will be decorated
14. This picture _____ by my cousin last year.
A draws B. drew C. is drawn D. was drawn
15. ----Why are you leaving your job
---- I can’t stand it any longer . I _____ always _____ to work overtime . 【21教育名师】
A am ; asking B. am ; asked C. was ; asking D. was ; asked
16 Hangzhou _______ as the City of Silk Tourists like shopping for silk there. www.21-cn-jy.com
A knows B. is known C. was known D. will be known
17. Mr. Green _____ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. 21-cnjy*com
A was invited B. invited C. is invited D. invites
18. Eleven Chinese films _____ during the 7th Chinese Film Festival in France last month .
A showed B. are shown C. were shown
19. Everyone wants to reach the top of the mountain , but all the happiness happens while you ____ it . 2-1-c-n-j-y
A climb B. climbed C. are climbing D. have climbed
20. Oh, no ! I _____ my book in the lab .
A leave B left C. will leave D. was leaving
21. It’s nice to see you again . We _____ each other since 2014.
A won’t see B. don’t see C. haven’t seen D. didn’t see
22. My mother _____ dinner when I got home yesterday .
A has cooked B. was cooking C. will cook D. cooks
23 Don’t worry . Bill will help you look after your dog when you _____ away on business. 21*cnjy*com
A are B. were C. will be D have been
24. ----Why did the car hit the boy
-----Because the driver _____ on the phone at that time .
A talk B. is talking C. was talking D. have talked
25. Now Jerry ______ the exchange programme with his classmates in the meeting room .
A discussed B. is discussing C. was discussing D. has discussed
26. Stoop smoking , Joe ! You _____ yourself if you keep on doing it like that!21*教*育*名*师
A will kill B. have killed C. kill D. killed
27. Grace _____ this game every time we play .
A wins B. won C. will win D. has won
28. I _____ scared of dogs every since a dog hurt me when I was five years old .
A will be B. was C. have been D. would be
29. ----When will A Bite of China II begin tonight
----It _____ for ten minutes .
A will begin B. has begun C. will be on D. has been on
30. Aunt Lucy will tell us something about her trip to Australia when she ____ back .
A came B. comes C. would come D will come
31. By the end of last week , she ____ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children .
A will stay B. has stayed C. would stay D. had stayed
32. Ken _____ his jacket in the gym . He has to get it back .
A left B. leaves C. is leaving D. was leaving
33. There _____ still some apple juice in the fridge . It’s not necessary for us to go to the supermarket now . 21·世纪*教育网
A was B. were C. is D. are
34. A new road _____ near my school next year.
A builds B. will build C. is built D. will be built 【21教育】
35. We are going to take the high-speed train to Xi’an tomorrow , so an early arrival at the station _____ .
A advises B.is advised C. is advising D. was advised
36. Paper _______ first ______ about 2,000 years ago in China .
A is; creating B. is ; created C. has ; created D. was ; created
37 Students do less homework now . Usually it _____ before 9 o’clock in the evening .
A finishes B. finished C. is finished D. was finished
38. ----Can I move into the new room
--- No, you can’t . It ____ soon .
A is painted B. will paint C. will be painted D. was painted
39. The new film The left Ear _____ by Su Youpeng a few months ago , who is also a famous singer .
A is directed B. was directed C. directed D. directs
40 ----How clean your car is !
----Thank you . It _____ very often .
A is washed B. washes C. was washed D. washed
41 Teenagers should ______ to take care of themselves from a young age .
A educate B. be educating C. have educated D. be educated
42 Many houses _____ by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless.
A damaged B. were damaged C. were damaging D. are damaged
43. When Tim ____ why he was late for school ,. he just kept silent .
A was asked B asked C. was asking D. is asked
44. Every day , too much water _____ in our school . We should save it !
A is wasted B. wastes C. was wasted D. wasted
45. ---How many Chinese astronauts (航天员）_____ into space since 2003 www-2-1-cnjy-com
---Twelve , including two women .
A were sent B. sent C. have been sent D. have sent
46. ----How often do I need to feed the dog
----It _____ food every day , or it will be hungry.
A must give B. must be give C. must be given D. must be gave
47. If you see the cartoon film , you will ______ laugh .
A be made B. be made to C. make to D make
48. ---The food looked bad , but it ______ OK.
-----So we can’t judge a man by his appearance .
A is tasted B. tasted C. was tasted D. taste
49 ---- Mum , I want to watch The Legend of Miyue 《米月传》 on Channel 8 tonight .21cnjy.com
----Oh, dear , it ____ for a few e on !
A has begun B.. will begin C. has been on D. will be on
50. ----Can I help you , sir
----Yes , I _____ this radio yesterday , but it doesn’t work .
A bought B buy C. was buying D. have bought
参考答案
1-5 DCADC 6-10 BDAAC 11-15 DCDDB 16-20 BACCB
21-25 CBACB 26-30 AACDB 31-35 DACDB 36-40 DCCBA
41-45 DBAAC 46-50 CBBCA
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