2018年北京高考英语真题试卷（word版，含解析答案）

2018年高考英语真题卷（北京卷）
一、单项填空
1.（2018?北京）—Hi,
I'm
Peter.
Are
you
new
here?
I
haven't
seen
you
around?—Hello,
Peter.
I'm
Bob.
I
just
_________
on
Monday.
A.?start??????????????????????????B.?have
started??????????????????????????C.?started??????????????????????????D.?had
started
2.（2018?北京）_________
we
don't
stop
climate
change,
many
animals
and
plants
in
the
world
will
be
gone.
A.Although
B.While
C.If
D.Until
3.（2018?北京）_________
along
the
old
Silk
Road
is
an
interesting
and
rewarding
experience.
A.?Travel????????????????????????B.?Traveling????????????????????????C.?Having
traveled????????????????????????D.?Traveled
4.（2018?北京）Susan
had
quit
her
well-paid
job
and
_________
as
a
volunteer
in
the
neighborhood
when
I
visited
her
last
year.
A.?is
working????????????????????B.?was
working????????????????????C.?has
worked????????????????????D.?had
worked
5.（2018?北京）She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_________
helps
them
keep
fit.
A.?which?????????????????????????????????????B.?who?????????????????????????????????????C.?as?????????????????????????????????????D.?that
6.（2018?北京）During
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival,
family
members
often
gather
together
_________
a
meal,
admire
the
moon
and
enjoy
moon
cakes.
A.?share???????????????????????????B.?to
share???????????????????????????C.?having
shared???????????????????????????D.?shared
7.（2018?北京）China's
high-speed
railways
_________
from
9,000
to
25,000
kilometers
in
the
past
few
years.
A.?are
growing??????????????????????B.?have
grown??????????????????????C.?will
grow??????????????????????D.?had
grown
8.（2018?北京）In
any
unsafe
situation,
simply
_________
the
button
and
a
highly-trained
agent
will
get
you
the
help
you
need.
A.press
B.to
press
C.pressing
D.pressed
9.（2018?北京）A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
_________
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.
A.?are
trapping???????????B.?have
been
trapped???????????C.?were
trapping???????????D.?had
been
trapped
10.（2018?北京）Ordinary
soap,
_________
correctly,
can
deal
with
bacteria
effectively.
A.?used???????????????????????????????????B.?to
use???????????????????????????????????C.?using???????????????????????????????????D.?use
11.（2018?北京）Without
his
support,
we
wouldn't
be
_________
we
are
now.
A.?how???????????????????????????????????B.?when???????????????????????????????????C.?where???????????????????????????????????D.?why
12.（2018?北京）In
today's
information
age,
the
loss
of
data
_________
cause
serious
problems
for
a
company.
A.need
B.should
C.can
D.must
13.（2018?北京）They
might
have
found
a
better
hotel
if
they
_________
a
few
more
kilometers.
A.?drove???????????????????????B.?would
drive???????????????????????C.?were
to
drive???????????????????????D.?had
driven
14.（2018?北京）—Good
morning,
Mr.
Lee's
office.—Good
morning.
I'd
like
to
make
an
appointment
_________
next
Wednesday
afternoon.
A.?for?????????????????????????????????????????B.?on?????????????????????????????????????????C.?in?????????????????????????????????????????D.?at
15.（2018?北京）This
is
_________
my
father
has
taught
me—to
always
face
difficulties
and
hope
for
the
best.
A.?how???????????????????????????????????B.?which???????????????????????????????????C.?that???????????????????????????????????D.?what
二、完形填空
16.（2018?北京）完形填空The
Homeless
Hero
???
For
many,
finding
an
unattended
wallet
filled
with
?400
in
cash
would
be
a
source（来源）of
temptation（诱惑）.
But
the
1
?would
no
doubt
be
greater
if
you
were
living
on
the
streets
with
little
food
and
money.
All
of
this
makes
the
actions
of
the
homeless
Tom
Smith
2
?more
remarkable.
???
After
spotting
a
3
?on
the
front
seat
inside
a
parked
car
with
its
window
down,
he
stood
guard
in
the
rain
for
about
two
hours
waiting
for
the
4
?to
return.
???
After
hours
in
the
cold
and
wet,
he
5
??inside
and
pulled
the
wallet
out
hoping
to
find
some
ID
so
he
could
contact（联系）the
driver,
only
to
6
?it
contained
?400
in
notes,
with
another
?50
in
spare
change
beside
it.
???
He
then
took
the
wallet
to
a
nearby
police
station
after
7
?a
note
behind
to
let
the
owner
know
it
was
safe.
When
the
car's
owner
John
Anderson
and
his
colleague
Carol
Lawrence
returned
to
the
car—which
was
itself
worth
?35,
000—in
Glasgow
city
centre,
they
were
8
?to
find
two
policemen
standing
next
to
it.
The
policemen
told
them
what
Mr.
Smith
did
and
that
the
wallet
was
9
.
???
The
pair
were
later
able
to
thank
Mr.
Smith
for
his
10
.
???
Mr.
Anderson
said：＂I
couldn't
believe
that
the
guy
never
took
a
penny.
To
think
he
is
sleeping
on
the
streets
tonight
11
?he
could
have
stolen
the
money
and
paid
for
a
place
to
stay
in.
This
guy
has
nothing
and
12
?he
didn't
take
the
wallet
for
himself；he
thought
about
others
13
.
It's
unbelievable.
It
just
proves
there
are
14
?guys
out
there.＂
???
Mr.
Smith's
act
15
?much
of
the
public's
attention.
He
also
won
praise
from
social
media
users
after
Mr.
Anderson
16
?about
the
act
of
kindness
on
Facebook.
???
Now
Mr.
Anderson
has
set
up
an
online
campaign
to
17
?money
for
Mr.
Smith
and
other
homeless
people
in
the
area,
which
by
yesterday
had
received
￡8,000.
＂I
think
the
faith
that
everyone
has
shown
18
?him
has
touched
him.
People
have
been
approaching
him
in
the
street;
he's
had
job
19
?and
all
sorts,＂
Mr.
Anderson
commented.
???
For
Mr.
Smith,
this
is
a
possible
life-changing
20
.
The
story
once
again
tells
us
that
one
good
turn
deserves
another.
1.
A.
hope
B.
aim
C.
urge
D.
effort
2.
A.
still
B.
even
C.
ever
D.
once
3.
A.
wallet
B.
bag
C.
box
D.
parcel
4.
A.
partner
B.
colleague
C.
owner
D.
policeman
5.
A.
turned
B.
hid
C.
stepped
D.
reached
6.
A.
discover
B.
collect
C.
check
D.
believe
7.
A.
taking
B.
leaving
C.
reading
D.
writing
8.
A.
satisfied
B.
excited
C.
amused
D.
shocked
9.
A.
safe
B.
missing
C.
found
D.
seen
10.
A.
service
B.
support
C.
kindness
D.
encouragement
11.
A.
when
B.
if
C.
where
D.
because
12.
A.
rather
B.
yet
C.
already
D.
just
13.
A.
too
B.
though
C.
again
D.
instead
14.
A.
honest
B.
polite
C.
rich
D.
generous
15.
A.
gave
B.
paid
C.
cast
D.
drew
16.
A.
learned
B.
posted
C.
cared
D.
heard
17.
A.
borrow
B.
raise
C.
save
D.
earn
18.
A.
of
B.
at
C.
for
D.
in
19.
A.
details
B.
changes
C.
offers
D.
applications
20.
A.
lesson
B.
adventure
C.
chance
D.
challenge
三、阅读理解
17.（2018?北京）阅读理解A
My
First
Marathon（马拉松）
???
A
month
before
my
first
marathon,
one
of
my
ankles
was
injured
and
this
meant
not
running
for
two
weeks,
leaving
me
only
two
weeks
to
train.
Yet,
I
was
determined
to
go
ahead.
???
I
remember
back
to
my
7th
year
in
school.
In
my
first
P.E.
class,
the
teacher
required
us
to
run
laps
and
then
hit
a
softball.
I
didn't
do
either
well.
He
later
informed
me
that
I
was
＂not
athletic＂.
???
The
idea
that
I
was
＂not
athletic＂
stuck
with
me
for
years.
When
I
started
running
in
my
30s,
I
realized
running
was
a
battle
against
myself,
not
about
competition
or
whether
or
not
I
was
athletic.
It
was
all
about
the
battle
against
my
own
body
and
mind.
A
test
of
wills!
???
The
night
before
my
marathon,
I
dreamt
that
I
couldn't
even
find
the
finish
line.
I
woke
up
sweating
and
nervous,
but
ready
to
prove
something
to
myself.
???
Shortly
after
crossing
the
start
line,
my
shoe
laces(鞋带)
became
untied.
So
I
stopped
to
readjust.
Not
the
start
I
wanted!
???
At
mile
3,
I
passed
a
sign:
＂GO
FOR
IT,
RUNNERS!＂
???
By
mile
17,
I
became
out
of
breath
and
the
once
injured
ankle
hurt
badly.
Despite
the
pain,
I
stayed
the
course
walking
a
bit
and
then
running
again.
???
By
mile
21,
I
was
starving!
???
As
I
approached
mile
23,
I
could
see
my
wife
waving
a
sign.
She
is
my
biggest
fan.
She
never
minded
the
alarm
clock
sounding
at
4
a.m.
or
questioned
my
expenses
on
running.
???
I
was
one
of
the
final
runners
to
finish.
But
I
finished!
And
I
got
a
medal.
In
fact,
I
got
the
same
medal
as
the
one
that
the
guy
who
came
in
first
place
had.
???
Determined
to
be
myself,
move
forward,
free
of
shame
and
worldly
labels(世俗标签),
I
can
now
call
myself
a
＂marathon
winner＂.
（1）A
month
before
the
marathon,
the
author
____________.
A.?was
well
trained???????????????B.?felt
scared???????????????C.?made
up
his
mind
to
run???????????????D.?lost
hope
（2）Why
did
the
author
mention
the
P.E.
class
in
his
7th
year?
A.?To
acknowledge
the
support
of
his
teacher.??????????B.?To
amuse
the
readers
with
a
funny
story.
C.?To
show
he
was
not
talented
in
sports.??????????????D.?To
share
a
precious
memory.
（3）How
was
the
author's
first
marathon?
A.?He
made
it.??????????B.?He
quit
halfway.??????????C.?He
got
the
first
prize.??????????D.?He
walked
to
the
end.
（4）What
does
the
story
mainly
tell
us?
A.?A
man
owes
his
success
to
his
family
support.??????????B.?A
winner
is
one
with
a
great
effort
of
will.
C.?Failure
is
the
mother
of
success.???????????????????????D.?One
is
never
too
old
to
learn.
18.（2018?北京）阅读理解B
Find
Your
Adventure
at
the
Space
and
Aviation(航空)
Center
???
If
you're
looking
for
a
unique
adventure,
the
Space
and
Aviation
Center
(SAC)
is
the
place
to
be.
The
Center
offers
programs
designed
to
challenge
and
inspire
with
hands-on
tasks
and
lots
of
fun.
???
More
than
750,000
have
graduated
from
SAC,
with
many
seeking
employment
in
engineering,
aviation,
education,
medicine
and
a
wide
variety
of
other
professions.
They
come
to
camp,
wanting
to
know
what
it
is
like
to
be
an
astronaut
or
a
pilot,
and
they
leave
with
real-world
applications
for
what
they're
studying
in
the
classroom.
???
For
the
trainees,
the
programs
also
offer
a
great
way
to
earn
merit
badges(荣誉徽章).
At
Space
Camp,
trainees
can
earn
their
Space
Exploration
badge
as
they
build
and
fire
model
rockets,
learn
about
space
tasks
and
try
simulated(模拟)
flying
to
space
with
the
crew
from
all
over
the
world.
The
Aviation
Challenge
program
gives
trainees
the
chance
to
earn
their
Aviation
badge.
They
learn
the
principles
of
flight
and
test
their
operating
skills
in
the
cockpit(驾驶舱)
of
a
variety
of
flight
simulators.
Trainees
also
get
a
good
start
on
their
Wilderness
Survival
badge
as
they
learn
about
water-
and
land-survival
through
designed
tasks
and
their
search
and
rescue
of
＂downed＂
pilot.
???
With
all
the
programs,
teamwork
is
key
as
trainees
learn
the
importance
of
leadership
and
being
part
of
a
bigger
task.
???
All
this
fun
is
available
for
ages
9
to
18.
Families
can
enjoy
the
experience
together,
too,
with
Family
Camp
programs
for
families
with
children
as
young
as
7.
???
Stay
an
hour
or
stay
a
week
—
there
is
something
here
for
everyone!
???
For
more
details,
please
visit
us
online
at
www.oursac.com.
（1）Why
do
people
come
to
SAC?
A.?To
experience
adventures.?????????????????????????????????B.?To
look
for
jobs
in
aviation.
C.?To
get
a
degree
in
engineering.?????????????????????????D.?To
learn
more
about
medicine.
（2）To
earn
a
Space
Exploration
badge,
a
trainee
needs
to
??????????.
A.?fly
to
space????????????????????????????????????????????????????????B.?get
an
Aviation
badge
first
C.?study
the
principles
of
flight???????????????????????????????D.?build
and
fire
model
rockets
（3）What
is
the
most
important
for
trainees?
A.?Leadership.???????????????????B.?Team
spirit.???????????????????C.?Task
planning.???????????????????D.?Survival
skills.
19.（2018?北京）阅读理解C
Plastic-Eating
Worms
???
Humans
produce
more
than
300
million
tons
of
plastic
every
year.
Almost
half
of
that
winds
up
in
landfills(垃圾填埋场),
and
up
to
12
million
tons
pollute
the
oceans.
So
far
there
is
no
effective
way
to
get
rid
of
it,
but
a
new
study
suggests
an
answer
may
lie
in
the
stomachs
of
some
hungry
worms.
???
Researchers
in
Spain
and
England
recently
found
that
the
worms
of
the
greater
wax
moth
can
break
down
polyethylene,
which
accounts
for
40%
of
plastics.
The
team
left
100
wax
worms
on
a
commercial
polyethylene
shopping
bag
for
12
hours,
and
the
worms
consumed
and
broke
down
about
92
milligrams,
or
almost
3%
of
it.
To
confirm
that
the
worms'
chewing
alone
was
not
responsible
for
the
polyethylene
breakdown,
the
researchers
made
some
worms
into
paste(糊状物)
and
applied
it
to
plastic
films.
14
hours
later
the
films
had
lost
13%
of
their
mass
—
apparently
broken
down
by
enzymes
(酶)
from
the
worms'
stomachs.
Their
findings
were
published
in
Current
Biology
in
2017.
???
Federica
Bertocchini,
co-author
of
the
study,
says
the
worms'
ability
to
break
down
their
everyday
food
—
beeswax
—
also
allows
them
to
break
down
plastic.
＂Wax
is
a
complex
mixture,
but
the
basic
bond
in
polyethylene,
the
carbon-carbon
bond,
is
there
as
well,
＂she
explains,
＂The
wax
worm
evolved
a
method
or
system
to
break
this
bond.
＂
???
Jennifer
DeBruyn,
a
microbiologist
at
the
University
of
Tennessee,
who
was
not
involved
in
the
study,
says
it
is
not
surprising
that
such
worms
can
break
down
polyethylene.
But
compared
with
previous
studies,
she
finds
the
speed
of
breaking
down
in
this
one
exciting.
The
next
step,
DeBruyn
says,
will
be
to
identify
the
cause
of
the
breakdown.
Is
it
an
enzyme
produced
by
the
worm
itself
or
by
its
gut
microbes(肠道微生物)?
???
Bertocchini
agrees
and
hopes
her
team's
findings
might
one
day
help
employ
the
enzyme
to
break
down
plastics
in
landfills.
But
she
expects
using
the
chemical
in
some
kind
of
industrial
process
—
not
simply
＂millions
of
worms
thrown
on
top
of
the
plastic.＂
（1）What
can
we
learn
about
the
worms
in
the
study?
A.?They
take
plastics
as
their
everyday
food.??????????B.?They
are
newly
evolved
creatures.
C.?They
can
consume
plastics.???????????????????????????????D.?They
wind
up
in
landfills.
（2）According
to
Jennifer
DeBruyn,
the
next
step
of
the
study
is
to
???????????.
A.?identify
other
means
of
the
breakdown??????????????B.?find
out
the
source
of
the
enzyme
C.?confirm
the
research
findings?????????????????????????????D.?increase
the
breakdown
speed
（3）It
can
be
inferred
from
the
last
paragraph
that
the
chemical
might
???????????.
A.?help
to
raise
worms????????????????????????????????????????????B.?help
make
plastic
bags
C.?be
used
to
clean
the
oceans??????????????????????????????D.?be
produced
in
factories
in
future
（4）What
is
the
main
purpose
of
the
passage?
A.?To
explain
a
study
method
on
worms.????????????????B.?To
introduce
the
diet
of
a
special
worm.
C.?To
present
a
way
to
break
down
plastics.???????????D.?To
propose
new
means
to
keep
eco-balance.
20.（2018?北京）阅读理解D
Preparing
Cities
for
Robot
Cars
???
The
possibility
of
self-driving
robot
cars
has
often
seemed
like
a
futurist's
dream,
years
away
from
materializing
in
the
real
world.
Well,
the
future
is
apparently
now.
The
California
Department
of
Motor
Vehicles
began
giving
permits
in
April
for
companies
to
test
truly
self-driving
cars
on
public
roads.
The
state
also
cleared
the
way
for
companies
to
sell
or
rent
out
self-driving
cars,
and
for
companies
to
operate
driverless
taxi
services.
California,
it
should
be
noted,
isn't
leading
the
way
here.
Companies
have
been
testing
their
vehicles
in
cities
across
the
country.
It's
hard
to
predict
when
driverless
cars
will
be
everywhere
on
our
roads.
But
however
long
it
takes,
the
technology
has
the
potential
to
change
our
transportation
systems
and
our
cities,
for
better
or
for
worse,
depending
on
how
the
transformation
is
regulated.
???
While
much
of
the
debate
so
far
has
been
focused
on
the
safety
of
driverless
cars(and
rightfully
so),
policymakers
also
should
be
talking
about
how
self-driving
vehicles
can
help
reduce
traffic
jams,
cut
emissions(排放)
and
offer
more
convenient,
affordable
mobility
options.
The
arrival
of
driverless
vehicles
is
a
chance
to
make
sure
that
those
vehicles
are
environmentally
friendly
and
more
shared.
???
Do
we
want
to
copy
—
or
even
worsen
—
the
traffic
of
today
with
driverless
cars?
Imagine
a
future
where
most
adults
own
individual
self-driving
vehicles.
They
tolerate
long,
slow
journeys
to
and
from
work
on
packed
highways
because
they
can
work,
entertain
themselves
or
sleep
on
the
ride,
which
encourages
urban
spread.
They
take
their
driverless
car
to
an
appointment
and
set
the
empty
vehicle
to
circle
the
building
to
avoid
paying
for
parking.
Instead
of
walking
a
few
blocks
to
pick
up
a
child
or
the
dry
cleaning,
they
send
the
self-driving
minibus.
The
convenience
even
leads
fewer
people
to
take
public
transport
—
an
unwelcome
side
effect
researchers
have
already
found
in
ride-hailing(叫车)
services.
???
A
study
from
the
University
of
California
at
Davis
suggested
that
replacing
petrol-powered
private
cars
worldwide
with
electric,
self-driving
and
shared
systems
could
reduce
carbon
emissions
from
transportation
80%
and
cut
the
cost
of
transportation
infrastructure(基础设施)
and
operations
40%
by
2050.
Fewer
emissions
and
cheaper
travel
sound
pretty
appealing.
The
first
commercially
available
driverless
cars
will
almost
certainly
be
fielded
by
ride-hailing
services,
considering
the
cost
of
self-driving
technology
as
well
as
liability
and
maintenance
issues(责任与维护问题).
But
driverless
car
ownership
could
increase
as
the
prices
drop
and
more
people
become
comfortable
with
the
technology.
???
Policymakers
should
start
thinking
now
about
how
to
make
sure
the
appearance
of
driverless
vehicles
doesn't
extend
the
worst
aspects
of
the
car-controlled
transportation
system
we
have
today.
The
coming
technological
advancement
presents
a
chance
for
cities
and
states
to
develop
transportation
systems
designed
to
move
more
people,
and
more
affordably.
The
car
of
the
future
is
coming.
We
just
have
to
plan
for
it.
（1）According
to
the
author,
attention
should
be
paid
to
how
driverless
cars
can
__________.
A.?help
deal
with
transportation-related
problems??????????B.?provide
better
services
to
customers
C.?cause
damage
to
our
environment????????????????????D.?make
some
people
lose
jobs
（2）As
for
driverless
cars,
what
is
the
author's
major
concern?
A.?Safety.??????????????????????B.?Side
effects.??????????????????????C.?Affordability.??????????????????????D.?Management.
（3）What
does
the
underlined
word
＂fielded＂
in
Paragraph
4
probably
mean?
A.?Employed.??????????????????????????B.?Replaced.??????????????????????????C.?Shared.??????????????????????????D.?Reduced.
（4）What
is
the
author's
attitude
to
the
future
of
self-driving
cars?
A.?Doubtful.???????????????????????B.?Positive.???????????????????????C.?Disapproving.???????????????????????D.?Sympathetic.
四、任务型阅读
21.（2018?北京）任务型阅读Why
Do
We
Get
Angry?
???
Anger
seems
simple
when
we
are
feeling
it,
but
the
causes
of
anger
are
various.
Knowing
these
causes
can
make
us
examine
our
behavior,
and
correct
bad
habits.
The
main
reasons
we
get
angry
are
triggering（触发）events,
personality
traits（特征）,
and
our
assessment
of
situations.
________
???
Triggering
events
for
anger
are
so
many
that
to
describe
them
all
would
take
hundreds
of
pages.
However,
here
are
some
examples:
being
cut
off
in
traffic,
a
deadline
approaching,
experiencing
physical
pain,
and
much
more.________?The
reason
why
someone
is
triggered
by
something
and
others
are
not
is
often
due
to
one's
personal
history
and
psychological
traits.
???
Each
person,
no
matter
who
they
are,
has
psychological
imbalances.
People
who
have
personality
traits
that
connect
with
competitiveness
and
low
upset
tolerance
are
much
more
likely
to
get
angry.
________?Also,
sometimes
pre-anger
does
not
have
to
do
with
a
lasting
condition,
but
rather
a
temporary
state
before
a
triggering
event
has
occurred.
???
________Sometimes
even
routine
occurrences
become
sources
of
pre-anger,
or
anger
itself.
Sometimes
ignorance
and
negative
(消极的)
outlooks
on
situations
can
create
anger.
???
________However,
anger
can
easily
turn
violent,
and
it
is
best
to
know
the
reasons
for
anger
to
appear
in
order
to
prevent
its
presence.
With
these
main
reasons
in
mind,
we
can
evaluate
our
level
of
anger
throughout
the
day
and
prevent
cases
of
outbursts
by
comprehending
the
reasons
for
our
feelings.
A.
Our
attitude
and
viewpoint
on
situations
can
create
anger
within
us
as
well.
B.
But
some
types
of
situations
can
help
us
to
get
rid
of
the
occurrence
of
anger.
C.
Anger
is
rarely
looked
upon
as
a
beneficial
character
trait,
and
is
usually
advised
to
reduce
it.
D.
Anger
is
a
particularly
strong
feeling
and
maybe
people
think
that
they
have
reasons
to
feel
angry.
E.
Having
these
personality
traits
implies
the
pre-anger
state,
where
anger
is
in
the
background
of
your
mind.
F.
Understanding
these
reasons
will
control
our
own
anger
if
we
are
willing
to
evaluate
ourselves
with
a
critical
eye.
G.
Not
everyone
acts
the
same
in
response
to
events,
and
that
is
why
what
triggers
one
person
may
or
may
not
trigger
another.
五、书面表达
22.（2018?北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：
1）表示欢迎；
2）推荐他上哪所大学；
3）建议他做哪些准备工作。
注意：1）词数不少于50；
2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear
Jim,
________
Yours,
Li
Hua
23.（2018?北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
答案解析部分
一、单项填空
1.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：——嗨，我是皮特。你是新来的吗？我之前没见过你。——嗨，皮特。我是鲍勃。我周一刚来。通过理解句意，根据语境判断句中的时间状语on
Monday是一个过去的时间，所以此处用一般过去时，故答案为C。
【点评】考查动词的时态，理解语境，弄清时间状语即可确定答案。
2.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物会消失。although虽然；while虽然；然而；if如果；until直到。根据句意可知此处表示假设，所以用if引导条件状语从句，故答案为C。
【点评】考查引导状语从句的连词辨析。通读句子，弄清前后句之间的逻辑关系，将连词代入句中，符合逻辑的即为正确答案。
3.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一个有趣且很值得的经历。此处是句子的主语，所以动动名词travelling。动词原形、过去式和分词都不能作主语，故答案为B。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，注意能在句中作主语的只有动名词或不定式，动词的其他形式不能充当主语。
4.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：Susan已经辞去那份报酬丰厚的工作，去年我去看她的时候她正在社区当志愿者。句中的when
I
visited
her
last
year确定了过去的某一时间点，所以此处表示当时动作正在进行，所以用过去进行时。故答案为B。
【点评】考查动词的时态，注意寻找时间线索，根据语境中的暗示确定答案。
5.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：她和家人骑车去上班，这帮助他们保持健康。这是一个非限制性定语从句，空格处指代前面整个句子，所以用which引导非限制性定语从句，而且which在从句中作主语。who指人；that不引导定语从句；as通常翻译成“正如；就像”，所以此处可以排除，故答案为A。
【点评】考查引导定语从句的关系词，掌握定语从句的基本定义和关系词的基本用法即可判断正确答案。
6.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：在中秋节期间，家庭成员经常聚在一起共享大餐、赏月、吃月饼。此处表示目的，所以用动词不定式，故答案为B。
【点评】考查动词不定式在句中表示目的的用法。
7.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：中国的高铁在过去的今年中从9000千米增加到25000千米。in
the
past/last+时间，是现在完成时的标志，故答案为B。
【点评】考查现在完成时，牢记现在完成时的标志词：since；for+时间段；already；ever；never；so
far；in
the
past/last+时间。
8.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：在任何不安全的环境中，只按一下按钮，一个训练有素的工作人员就会带给你所需要的帮助。句型：祈使句+and/or+表将来的陈述句。所以此处是祈使句部分，所以用动词原形，故答案为A。
【点评】考查并列句的固定句型，牢记基本结构即可。
9.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意：一个救援者冒着生命危险拯救了两个在山里被困了两天的游客。通过risked确定本句是过去的时态；for+时间段是完成时的标志，所以此处用过去完成时；而trap是及物动词，意思是“使受限制；困住”，此处应该用被动结构，故答案为D。
【点评】考查动词的时态和语态。注意通过时态的前后一致确定大致的时态，然后根据相关的时间状语和语境判断具体的时态和语态。
10.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：普通肥皂，正确使用的话，可以有效地杀灭细菌。此处是句子的状语，所以用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是soap，soap与use之间是被动关系，故答案为A。
【点评】考查分词作状语的用法。分词作状语时其逻辑主语是句子的主语，根据动词与逻辑主语之间的关系判断其形式。
11.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：没有他的支持，我们不能到达现在的地步。此处是表语从句，how怎样；如何；when何时；where……的地方；何地；why为什么；根据句意可知指现在的处境，故答案为C。
【点评】考查名词性从句的引导词，理解句意，根据语境判断，注意句子的逻辑。
12.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失对于一家公司来说有时候会造成严重的问题。need需要；should应该；can可能；能够；must必须；一定。本句是对现在情况进行可能的推测，can用于肯定句中表示：“有时候会”；而must意思是“一定会”，根据常识可知丢失数据可能会造成严重的问题，也可能不会造成严重问题，所以用can在逻辑上更严谨，故答案为C。
【点评】考查情态动词表示推测的用法。can用于肯定句表示“有时候会”这一用法比较生僻，需要特别注意。
13.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意：要是他们开车多走几公里的话，他们也许会找到一家更好的旅馆。本句是虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句用“might
have+过去分词”，从句要用过去完成时，故答案为D。
【点评】考查虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法，牢记if条件句中虚拟语气的基本格式即可做出判断。
14.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：---早上好，这是李先生的办公室。---早上好，我想约下周三下午。短语：make
an
appointment
for为……预约。故答案为A。
【点评】考查介词辨析，熟记固定搭配。
15.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意：这是我爸爸所教给我的——要直面困难心怀希望。这是表语从句，根据teach
sb
sth可知从句中缺少直接宾语，所以用what引导。how怎样；which哪一个；that无意义也补充当从句的成分，故答案为D。
【点评】考查表语从句中的引导词的用法，掌握名词性从句连词的基本使用规则：连接词that不作成分；连接代词如what在从句中作主语或宾语；连接副词像when、where、how在从句中作状语。
二、完形填空
16.【答案】（1）C；（2）B；（3）A；（4）C；（5）D；（6）A；（7）B；（8）D；（9）A；（10）C；（11）A；（12）B；（13）D；（14）A；（15）D；（16）B；（17）B；（18）D；（19）C；（20）C；
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了流浪汉拾金不昧的故事。某雨天，流浪汉看到一辆未关车窗的车内放有钱包，怕钱包被盗，在雨中等待车主两小时。苦等无果，便拿着钱包去警局寻失主。车主获知事件经过，将经历分享到脸谱网上，为该地区流浪汉筹钱，最后流浪汉得到了许多工作机会。
(1)?
C句意：
对很多人而言，找到一个装满400英镑现金且无人看管的钱包都会是种诱惑。而这种欲望对于无家可归、既没食物又没钱的人而言，无疑会更加强烈。A、hope希望；
B、aim目标；
C、urge强烈的欲望；D、effort努力。有空格前的the可知此处前文提到的temptation（诱惑），所以此处选择其近义词urge（强烈的欲望），故答案为C。
(2)?
B
句意：这一切使得无家可归的Tom
Smith的举动更为不同寻常，引人注目。A、still
仍然；?
B、even甚至；C、ever曾经；D、once曾经；此处修饰比较级，表示强调，故答案为B。
(3)?
A
句意：在发现了在一个没有关窗子的停着的汽车的前排座位上的钱包后，他站在雨中差不多两个小时守护着钱包等着主人归来。A、wallet
钱包；B、bag包；C、box盒子；D、parcel包裹。根据第一句提到的an
unattended
wallet
filled
with
?400
in
cash可知是钱包，故答案为A。
(4)?
C句意：他站在雨中差不多两个小时守护着钱包等着主人归来。
A、partner搭档；B、colleague同事；C、owner主人；D、policeman警察；守护着钱包，当然是等它的“owner”，故答案为C。
(5)?
D
句意：在寒冷的雨中几个小时后，他把手伸进车里拿出钱包，希望能找到身份证，这样他就可以联系司机了。A、turned转身；B、hid躲藏；C、stepped迈步；D、reached伸手。钱包在车的前排座位上，想要拿到当然需要“伸手”，故答案为D。
(6)?
A
句意：却发现里面有400英镑的钞票，旁边还有50英镑的零钱。A、discover发现；B、collect收集；C、check检查；核对；D、believe相信。打开钱包，“发现”里面有钱，故答案为A。
(7)?
B
句意：然后，他在留下一张便条告诉车主钱包安全，便带着钱包去了附近的警察局。A、taking带走；B、leaving留下；C、reading读；D、writing写。短语：leave
a
note/message留便条，故答案为B。
(8)?
D
句意：当车主和同事回到位于格拉斯哥市中心价值35000英镑的汽车停放的位置时，他们惊讶地发现有两个警察站在车的旁边。A、satisfied满意的；B、excited兴奋的；C、amused好笑的；D、shocked震惊的。没有违法却招来了警察，所以感到“震惊”，故答案为D。
(9)??
A句意：警察告诉他们史密斯先生的所作所为，还有他的钱包是安全的。A、safe安全的；B、missing丢失的；C、found被发现的；D、seen被看见的。故答案为A。
(10)
C
句意：后来这两个人能够感谢史密斯先生的善意之举。A、service服务；B、support支持；C、kindness善行；D、encouragement鼓励；此处指前面提到帮助保护钱包的行为，故答案为C。
(11)
A句意：既然到他本可以偷了钱并且花钱让自己找一个地方住一晚，但是他今晚还是住在大街上。A、when
考虑到；既然；B、if??
如果；C、where哪里；D、because因为；此处是对史密斯拾金不昧的行为的评价，根据句意，故答案为A。
(12)
B句意：这个男的身无分文，然而他还是没有自己拿走钱包。A、rather相当；B、yet然而；C、already已经；D、just只是；表示转折，故答案为B。
(13)
D句意：他（没有自己拿走钱包）而是想到了别人。A、too也；B、though不过；然而；C、again又；D、instead代替；而不是。根据句意，故答案为D。
(14)
A句意：这是难以置信的，只是证明了有诚实的人。A、honest诚实的；B、polite有礼貌的；C、rich富有的；D、generous慷慨的。这是对史密斯先生的行为的总结，故答案为A。
(15)
D
句意：史密斯先生的行为吸引了公众大量关注。A、gave给；B、paid支付；C、cast投掷；D、drew吸引。短语：draw
one's
attention吸引人的注意，故答案为D。
(16)
B句意：在安德森先生把这一善意之举发布在脸谱网上之后，他也赢得了社交媒体用户的赞誉。A、learned了解到；B、posted张贴；C、cared关心；D、heard听见。此处指在网上发布帖子，故答案为B。
(17)
B句意：现在安德森先生在网上发起了一个活动，为史密斯先生和这一地区其他无家可归的人募捐。A、borrow借；B、raise募集；C、save节省；D、earn挣；赚。根据下文可知是“募捐”，故答案为B。
(18)
D句意：我想每个人对他表现出的信任已经感动了他。show/have
faith
in对……信任；故答案为D。
(19)
C句意：在街上人们主动接近他，给他提供工作等各种帮助。A、details细节；B、changes变化；C、offers提供；D、applications申请；根据上文提到的人们的募捐，所以此处指人们“主动提供帮助”，故答案为C。
(20)
C句意：对于史密斯先生而言，这是一个改变人生的机会。A、lesson教训；B、adventure探险；C、chance机会；D、challenge挑战。根据句意，故答案为C。
【点评】这是一篇记叙文，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要读懂全文，弄清文章要表达的思想，注意文中前后段落之间的关系。答题中，一定要认真分析，注意选项与上下文的关系，与前后单词的关系。对于一
时没有太大的把握的题可以放到最后再来完成，因为有时答案可以从下文内容体现出来。答完后再通读一篇文章，看看所选选项能不能是语句通顺，语意连贯。
三、阅读理解
17.【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，作者在参加马拉松前一个月受了伤，训练时间不足，且在初一时就被体育老师说没有运动天赋，但是30多岁的他依然坚持跑完马拉松，突破自我，挑战不可能。
⑴细节理解。根据题干中的a
month
before
the
marathon可知答案在第一段，由最后一句Yet,
I
was
determined
to
go
ahead可知作者决定参加比赛，故答案为C。
⑵细节理解。将题干中的P.E.
class
in
his
7th
year定位在第二段，作者自己在7年纪的时候做得不是很好，后来被老师认为不是一个擅长运动的人，并且第三段提到老师的not
athletic一直影响着他，故答案为C。
⑶细节理解。从文章倒数第二段
I
was
one
of
the
final
runners
to
finish.
But
I
finished!
And
I
got
a
medal可知作者坚持到最后，终于做到了，故答案为A。
⑷主旨大意。这是一篇记叙文，在最后一段点题：Determined
to
be
myself,
move
forward,
free
of
shame
and
worldly
labels(世俗标签),
I
can
now
call
myself
a
＂marathon
winner＂可知，作者是一个意志坚定，通过不懈努力，最终获得了成功的胜利者，故答案为B。
【点评】本文属于励志的故事类阅读，阅读时要通读文章，弄清文章的主旨大意。答题时注意问题中的关键词在文章中的准确定位，根据关键词定位并查找信息，切忌凭感觉做题。
18.【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇广告，介绍一个寻求冒险的乐园——
Space
and
Aviation
Center
(SAC)。
⑴细节理解。根据第一句
If
you're
looking
for
a
unique
adventure,
the
Space
and
Aviation
Center
(SAC)
is
the
place
to
be可在SAC的目的是为了体验冒险的经历，故答案为A。
⑵细节理解。题干中的Space
Exploration
badge和trainee
定位在第三段第二句At
Space
Camp,
trainees
can
earn
their
Space
Exploration
badge
as
they
build
and
fire
model
rockets，故答案为D。
⑶细节理解。根据第四段With
all
the
programs,
teamwork
is
key
as
trainees
learn
the
importance
of
leadership
and
being
part
of
a
bigger
task可知，对于受训者来说，团队精神与协作是最为重要的，故答案为B。
【点评】本文属于应用文阅读，此类文章重在考查对细节信息的查找和分析，答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词所在句子的信息，与选项进行比对，答案就显而易见了。
19.【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍吃塑料的虫子的工作原理及应用设想。
⑴细节理解。将题干中的worms
in
the
study定位在第二段第二句，the
worms
consumed
and
broke
down
about
92
milligrams可知这些虫子吃塑料，故答案为C。
⑵细节理解。将题干中的关键词Jennifer
DeBruyn定位在第四段，找到the
next
step出现在倒数第二句The
next
step,
DeBruyn
says,
will
be
to
identify
the
cause
of
the
breakdown，可知，下一步将是确定这种分解的原因，即找到酶的来源，故答案为B。
⑶推理判断。确定题干中chemical最后一段的最后一句
But
she
expects
using
the
chemical
in
some
kind
of
industrial
process
—
not
simply
＂millions
of
worms
thrown
on
top
of
the
plastic.，可知，她期望把化学物质用于某种工业生产中，而不是仅仅把虫子扔到塑料上，故答案为D。
⑷主旨大意。通过文章标题Plastic-Eating
Worms以及首尾段落的理解，可知全文在介绍虫子与塑料的降解之间的关系，所以C项：介绍一种分解塑料的方法，即“吃塑料的虫子”是本文的中心，故答案为C。
【点评】本文属于科普类说明文，阅读时在文章首段确定文章的中心句，然后快速浏览文章内容。阅读问题，找到问题中的关键词。在文章中定位问题中的关键词，答案就在关键词附近。
20.【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】这一篇科普类议论文，主要谈论在城市里推广无人驾驶汽车会面临哪些问题以及该作何准备。
⑴细节理解。题干中的attention
should
be
paid
to可被定位到第二段第一句much
of
the
debate
so
far
has
been
focused
on
the
safety
of
driverless
cars中，可知人们关注的是无人汽车的安全问题，另外在下文中提到的减少交通拥堵、减少尾气排放以及提供更加便捷的经济的选择都是“与交通相关的问题”，故答案为A。
⑵细节理解。根据第一段But
however
long
it
takes,
the
technology
has
the
potential
to
change
our
transportation
systems
and
our
cities,
for
better
or
for
worse,
depending
on
how
the
transformation
is
regulated可知，技术对于交通系统和城市的改变是更好还是更差取决于这种转换如何被管理。regulate管理，是manage的同义词，故答案为D。
⑶词义猜测。employ使用；replace代替；share分享；reduce减少。本词所在句子的后一句的but说明前后是转折关系，通过理解后一句来倒推前一句的意思。“随着价格的降低，无人驾驶汽车的个人占有率会越来越高。”所以可以推断前一句的意思是“第一批商用的无人驾驶汽车将会首先被叫车服务公司所使用。”所以答案为A。
⑷观点态度。doubtful怀疑的；positive积极的；disapproving不赞成的；sympathetic同情的。文章最后一句话The
car
of
the
future
is
coming.
We
just
have
to
plan
for
it（未来的汽车即将到来，我们得为之做好计划）说明未来无人驾驶汽车是不可阻挡的趋势，所以作者是积极的态度，故答案为B。
【点评】本文属于科技类议论文，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么样的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。
四、任务型阅读
21.【答案】F；G；E；A；D
【解析】【分析】这是一篇关于心理健康的说明文，介绍了让人生气的三个原因：1、外界诱因事件；2、自身性格；3、对环境的评价。
⑴F
此空位于段尾，所以重在理解前文。由The
main
reasons
we
get
angry
are
triggering（触发）events可知此处列举产生愤怒的原因，与F中的Understanding
these
reasons
向呼应，故答案为F。
⑵G
后一句说明的是一些人容易受到触发事件影响而他人不会受到影响的原因与个人历史以及心理特征有关，选项G中的what
triggers
one
person
may
or
may
not
trigger
another与someone
is
triggered
by
something
and
others
are
not
is
often
due
to
one's
personal
history
and
psychological
traits相对应，故答案为G。
⑶E
前一句说明了某性格特征的人更容易生气，E中的Having
these
personality
traits与空格前一句中的personality
traits一致，故答案为E。
⑷A
这是段首句，通常为本段的主题句。通过理解段意”某些平常事件会产生愤怒的情绪，有时候无知以及对于事件的负面看法也会导致愤怒的出现，“，所以此处应是”个人对于事件的评估也会导致愤怒情绪的产生“，故答案为A。
⑸D
根据后一句的However可知本句话与后一句构成转折关系。anger
can
easily
turn
violent意思是愤怒能很容易变得暴力，所以D选项中的maybe
people
think
that
they
have
reasons
to
feel
angry与之互为转折，故答案为D。
【点评】这是一篇说明文，重在考查上下文之间的逻辑关系，答题时首先浏览文章主旨，并理解各个选项所表达的含义。然后再读短文，选出最能使上下文语义通顺的选项，注意段落大意，空格前后的关键词等信息，完成后要通读一篇，看语义是否通顺，是否符合逻辑，必要的话做适当修改。
五、书面表达
22.【答案】Dear
Jim,
?
??I'm
so
glad
to
hear
your
future
education
plan
in
Beijing
in
your
last
letter.
First
I
would
like
to
express
my
warmest
welcome
to
you
and
I
am
sure
you
will
have
the
most
unforgettable
experience
during
your
college
in
Beijing.
???
Learning
your
keen
interest
in
Chinese
culture,
I
suggest
you
apply
for
Peking
University,
one
of
the
best
universities
in
China.
Its
Chinese
Literature
major
is
perfect
for
you
where
you
can
be
completely
soaked
in
Chinese
profound
history
and
rich
culture.
As
for
preparation,
some
reading
in
advance
in
needed
like
The
Story
of
the
Stone
while
some
online
courses
of
spoken
Chinese
can
be
helpful
for
you
to
adapt
into
the
Chinese
language
environment.
?
??I
sincerely
hope
your
dream
will
come
true
and
it's
my
pleasure
to
show
you
around
in
Beijing
when
that
day
comes.
If
you
have
further
questions,
please
feel
free
to
let
me
know.
Yours,
Li
Hua
【解析】【分析】本题是按要求写一封回信，介绍北京的大学情况。写作时除了要包含最基本的内容要点：表示欢迎、推荐大学和建议做准备之外，还应该考虑题干中的与文化相结合的上大学的准备，比如语言和读书等。写作时注意英语的思维习惯，以一般现在时为主，尽可能实用多样的语法结构，语言要简练，尽量地道。
【点评】本题考查的层次很多，一味背模版远远不够，建议平时多训练思维逻辑，掌握应用文写作的结构层次，重要的是语言要活学活用，才能达到写作目的，完成应用文解决的实际情况的写作任务。语言方面，要选取简洁实用的词汇，慎用难词。
23.【答案】???Last
week,
we
took
the
foreign
students
in
our
school
to
experience
the
authentic
tea
culture,
which
turned
out
be
to
extremely
rewarding.
???
On
arriving
at
the
tea
house,
the
foreign
students
were
impressed
by
the
unique
tea
pots
and
tea
cups.
I
gave
them
a
vivid
and
informative
introduction
of
tea
culture,
including
its
profound
history,
its
rich
variety,
and
the
exquisite
craftsmanship
of
making
tea
with
their
interest
greatly
sparked,
I
then
began
to
teach
them
how
to
make
tea.
???
In
order
to
deliver
a
clear
presentation,
I
slowly
explained
the
traditional
procedure
of
making
tea
in
detail.
Absorbed
in
every
move
of
mine,
the
foreign
students
were
once
again
amazed
by
this
unique
culture
and
they
couldn't
help
taking
pictures
from
time
to
time.
???
Next
came
the
moment
when
I
asked
them
to
have
a
try
themselves.
Washing
the
tea
pots,
adding
tea
leaves,
and
pouring
water
into
the
cups,
they
followed
my
instructions
and
were
really
immersed
in
charming
tea
culture.
The
tea
house
witnessed
a
really
enjoyable
time
for
all
of
us.
???
At
the
end
of
the
activity,
holding
the
tea
bags
in
our
hands,
we
took
a
picture
to
memorize
the
unforgettable
day.
It
suddenly
hit
me
that
traditional
culture
like
tea
culture
was
of
great
charm
and
huge
value.
And
I
swelled
with
pride
to
spread
our
own
culture
to
people
all
over
the
world.
【解析】【分析】今年主要以“体验中国茶文化”为主题，贴合了实际生活。首先看懂图画，弄清要点：1.参观茶室；2.示范沏茶过程；3.体验沏茶、品茶；4.合影留念。写作时注意实用主旨句，在保证要点齐全的前提下适当增加句子的长度和难度，借助非谓语、定语从句、倒装等语法形式来给文章增色，同时注意文章的连贯效果，注意使用一般过去时。
【点评】本题图画一目了然，清楚易懂。借助体验中国茶文化，以英语语言为载体，把中国传统茶文化的精髓写出来，讲出去，让更多的人了解中国传统茶文化。考查对所学知识的综合运用，熟练使用相关短语、单词和句型，注意词性的搭配，时态的把握，人称的使用等细节问题。