2017-2018学年高一英语人教版（必修2）Unit 1 Cultural relics 专题Grammar&Writing试题同步练习

Unit 1 Cultural relics
Grammar：定语从句
一、限制性与非限制性定语从句
(一)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。非限制性定 语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句相当于并列句、状语从句等。
?He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.) 他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。
?He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has more than two sons.) 他有两个在同一家公司上班的儿子。
(二)非限制性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法
1. 关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略；
2. who(主语)，whom(宾语)，which(主语，宾语)不能用that代替，也不能互相替换；
3. 在＂介词+which/whom从句＂结构中，介词不能移到从句的后面；
4. when，where可用于非限制性定语从句中。
二、关系代词的用法
(一)关系代词的作用和分类
1. 关系代词的作用有三个：
(1)连接作用：关系代词引导从句，把从句和主句连接起来；
(2)替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代先行词；
(3)成分作用：关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。
2. 关系代词的用法分类：
关系词
先行词所指
在从句中所作成分
关系
代词
that
人/物
主、宾、表
which
物
主、宾、表
who
人
主、宾
whom
人
宾
whose
人/物
定
as
人/物/事情
主、宾、表
关系
副词
when
时间
时间状语
where
地点
地点状语
why
原因
原因状语
关系代词的用法与分类有三点依据：
(1)根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性；
(2)根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物；
(3)根据它在从句中所充当的成分——主语、宾语、表语或定语。
(二)关系代词that和which的用法
1. 限制性定语从句中，必须用关系代词that的情况：
(1)当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one时。
?Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要说的吗?
?You should hand in all that you have. 你应该把你有的都交上。
(2)当先行词前面有the only，the very(恰恰，正好)，any，few，little，no，all等词修饰时。
?This is the very bus that I’m waiting for. 这就是我正在等的公交车。
(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
?This is the best way that has been used against pollution. 这是曾经用过的最好的抗污染的办法。
?This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。
?This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. 这是去苏州的最后一趟火车。
(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。
?Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他们谈论的人和事吗?
(6)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
?Which is the bike that you lost? 哪辆是你丢的自行车?
(7)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。
?They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution. 他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这家工厂生产可能会造成污染的东西。
(8)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。
?Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
2. 当先行词指事/物时，定语从句中必须用which的情况：
(1)在非限制性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。
?He was much kinder to the girl than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy her. 他对那个女孩儿对其他人好得多，这一点当然让他们很嫉妒。
(2)当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which，不用that。
?This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。
【特别注意】
在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。
?This is the pen(which/that)I’m looking for.
这是我正在寻找的那支钢笔。
不可以说：This is the pen for which I’m looking.
(三)关系代词who，whom，that和whose的用法
当先行词指人：
①关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that，不可省略；
②关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom/who/that，可以省略；
③关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose，不可省略。
?She is the girl who/that lives next door. (关系代词在定语从句中作主语) 她就是住在隔壁的女孩。
?That’s the girl(whom/who/that)I teach. (关系代词在定语从句中作宾语) 那就是我教的女孩。
?This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. (关系代词在定语从句中作定语) 这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。
三、关系副词的用法
(一)当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词
其中：
when=表时间的介词(如：in，at，during等)+which；
where=表地点的介词(如：in，at，on，under等)+which；
why=表原因的介词(如：for)+which；
how=表方式的介词(如：in)+which。
?I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. (when= on which) 我还记得我第一次来北京的那一天。
?Can you tell me the office where he works? (where=in which) 你能告诉我他上班的办公室吗?
?Do you know the reason why he is absent? (why=for which) 你知道他缺席的原因吗?
(二)介词+关系代词(which)=where/when
有时为表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from，to等。
?China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. 中国是风筝的故乡，从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。
(三)高考对关系副词where的考查
高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的＂地点＂转为＂地点的模糊化＂。事实上，对于where这个词，考生不能只理解为表地点。当先行词为抽象地点，如表示某人/物的situation，或某事所发展的stage，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词来引导从句。
?They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
这种用法不是仅仅限于定语从句，特殊疑问句中的where，名词性从句中的where都有这种有法。
?Where will all this trouble lead? 这件麻烦事会惹出什么结果?
选用合适的关系词填空
1. Is this the house ___________ you were born in thirty-years ago?
2. The meeting, ___________ was held in the park, was attended by 1,000 people.
3. The opera singers are taking a break on the subway train, ___________ they are giving an attractive performance.
4. They?spent last summer?holiday?in?Guangzhou, ___________ they learnt a lot.
5. I don’t like the boy, ___________ is very lazy.
6. He didn’t give us the reason ___________ he was absent from the meeting.
7. ___________ can be seen from his face, he must have been outside for a long time.
8. I’ll never forget the day ___________ we had class together.
【答案】
1. which/that 2. which
3. where 4. where
5. who 6. why
7. As 8. when

I. 将两个简单句合并为一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句
1. St Petersburg is a very beautiful city. It was once called Leningrad.
→_______________________________________________________________________________
2. He failed in the exam. It made his parents very angry.
→_______________________________________________________________________________
3. It is well known. Great changes have taken place in China.
→_______________________________________________________________________________
4. He is a good comrade. You can work with him.
→_______________________________________________________________________________
5. It is reported in the newspaper. People’s life in the countryside is getting better and better.
→_______________________________________________________________________________
II. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. There were dirty marks on her trousers __________she had wiped her hands.
2. George Orwell, __________real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
3. __________is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
4. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, __________, of course, made the others envy him.
5. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of __________ are healthy.
6. There was a time __________ I hated to go to school.
7. I walked in our garden, __________ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
8. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from __________ effects the people are still suffering.
9. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school __________ I met in the English speech contest last year.
10. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone __________ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
III. 单句改错
1. He is a man of great experience, from who much can be learned.
2. This is the longest train which I have ever seen.
3. Which we all know, swimming is a very good sport.
4. In the police station I saw the man from which room the thief had stolen the TV set.
5. Chapin, for who money was now no problem, started a new film company with his friends.
6. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
7. The day will come which the people all over the world will win liberation.
8. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who is working in China.
9. They talked for about an hour of things and persons who they remembered in the school.
10. I have bought the same dress which she is wearing.
11. Please put the letter which he can easily find it.
12. Antarctic, which we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
13. It was a meeting that importance I didn’t realize at that time.
14. She was the one I met at the party, whom you knew.
15. They have decided to stay at home, that is, I think, a wise choice.
16. All the apples which fell down were eaten by the pigs.
17. I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you.
18. She heard a terrible noise, as brought her heart into her mouth.
19. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whom family was poor.
20. The weather turned out to be very good, that was more than we could expect.
21. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town which he grew up as a child.
22. I shall never forget those years which I lived in the country with the farmers.
23. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, who, of course, made the others unhappy.
24. Which has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.
25. Whenever I met him, that was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.
26. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture there stands the famous tower.
I. 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
China is making great effort to protect its cultural relics. In early May, State Administration of Cultural Heritage (SACH) added 1,943 unmovable cultural relics sites to the list. So the number of these sites on this list will increase to 4,295. 　 1 　
The newly added sites were reviewed(评审) by more than 130 experts. They spread around Shanxi, Henan, Hunan, Hebei and Jiangsu provinces, including 795 pieces of ancient architecture and 516 ancient ruins. 　 2　
In an interview, the head of the SACH said that new types of cultural relics sites have been newly listed to get protection at first, including industrial relics, rural architecture and cultural landscapes. 　 3　 For example, some are in the north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Despite great achievements during the years of effort, problems still exist. 　 4 　Historic relics get stolen and antiques are taken abroad secretly.
The head of the SACH said that people has faced a challenge to the protection of cultural relics for a long time. So, balancing the relationship between economic development and protection of history is important. ____5____ He also used good examples of protection, describing how some cultural relics sites have become education bases for young people and popular tourist places, where a lot of people spend their holiday.
A. All of them need protecting as quickly as possible.
B. They also include outstanding modern architecture.
C. The SACH has found a total of 4,295 cultural relics.
D. Many relics have been destroyed in the process of urban construction.
E. Cultural relics sites should become positive factors to improve economic development.
F. When talking about protecting the cultural relics, the head of SACH ordered some to be saved.
G. Moreover, many of the new sites also include valuable cultural relics from ethnic minority regions(少数民族地区).
II. 书面表达
假如你是一名建筑工人，名叫李华。在修建地基时挖出一些古代文物。一部分人建议卖掉，可以得到一些钱，但你不同意。请你用英语给China Daily的编辑写一封信反映此情况，阐明你的理由，并提出建议。
注意：1. 词数：100词左右；
2. 内容包括以上所有要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：修建地基lay a foundation of 财产wealth 捐赠donate
Dear Editor,
_______________________________________ ________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
I. 语法填空
1. (2017·浙江) Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got (1) (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, (2) it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
2. (2017·新课标全国卷I) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.
3. (2017·新课标全国卷III) But Sarah, (1) has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ____(2)_ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
II. 改错
1. (2017·新课标全国卷II) In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
2. (2017·新课标全国卷III) Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
III. 单项填空
1. (2017·北京) The little problems __________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
2. (2017·天津) My eldest son, ___________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
A. that B. whose C. his D. who
3. (2017·江苏) The publication of Great Expectations, which ____________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
4. (2017·江苏)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ____________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A. which B. its C. whose D. whom
5. (2016·北京)I live next door to a couple ___________ children often make a lot of noise.
A. whose B. why
C. where D. which
6. (2016·天津)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, __________the weather may be better.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
7. (2015·湖南)It is a truly delightful place, __________looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
A. as B. where C. that D. which
8. (2015·天津)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere __________ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. which
C. when D. who
9. (2015·四川)The books on the desk, ___________covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A. which B. what C. whose D. that
10. (2015·陕西)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time __________ he should be able to be independent.
A. which B. where
C. whom D. when
11. (2015·福建)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, __________shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
12. (2015·江苏)The number of smokers, ___________is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it B. which C. what D. as
I. 将两个简单句合并为一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句
1. St Petersburg is a very beautiful city, which was once called Leningrad.
5. As is reported in the newspaper, people’s life in the countryside is getting better and better.
II. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
l. where?? 2. whose
3. As?? 4. which
5. whom?? 6. when
7. where?? 8. whose
9. who/whom?? 10. when
III. 单句改错
1. who→whom 2. which→that
3. Which→As 4. which→whose
5. who→whom 6. them→which
7. which→when 8. is→are
9. who→that 10. which→as
11. which→where 12. which前加about
13. that→whose 14. whom→as
15. that→which 16. which→that
17. is→am 18. as→which
19. whom→whose 20. that→which
21. which→where 22. which→when
23. who→which 24. Which→As
25. that→which 26. there→where
I. 七选五
【语篇解读】本篇文章主要说明国家文物局把一些文化遗迹增加到名单中，以使这些文化遗迹得到很好的保护等相关信息。
1. A 【解析】根据本段第一句可知，中国在文化遗迹保护方面一直在努力，今年又在不可移动文化遗址名单上增加了1 943处，它们都需要尽快地得到保护。故选A。
2. B 【解析】根据上句中的"including 795 pieces of ancient architecture and 516 ancient ruins"可知，这些新增加的文化遗迹包括795件古代建筑式样和516处古代废墟。为保持文意连贯，后文应是对此话题的进一步说明——它们也包括一些杰出的现代建筑式样。选B。
5. E 【解析】此段说明人类应该在经济发展和保护文化遗迹之间取得平衡。只有E项(文化遗迹应该成为增进经济发展的积极因素)与段落大意相吻合。
II. 书面表达
Dear Editor,
I’m a builder. When other builders and I laid a foundation of a building, we dug out some ancient cultural relics. At that time, some people suggested we sell them so that we could get some money. But I didn’t agree with them because I think these cultural relics are our country’s wealth. As Chinese people, we should protect them. So I told the other builders we shouldn’t sell them, because cultural relics represent a country’s culture and history. Besides, we should donate these culture relics to our country in case they might be sold abroad secretly. We shouldn’t lose them.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
I. 语法填空
1. (1)swept 【解析】考查动词。ring与sweep之间是被动关系，要用被动语态。故填swept。
(2)where 【解析】考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，定语从句中缺少地点状语，先行词为the garden，表示地点，故填关系副词where。
II. 改错
1. (1)interesting→interested 【解析】考查形容词，由于此句的主语是人，而interesting的主语是物，故将interesting改为interested。
(2)that→which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句需要用which引导，故将that改为which。
2. (1)在picture前加the/ this 【解析】考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词，根据句意可知在picture前加the或者this。
(2)they→that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。they不能引导定语从句，因为关系代词指代things，所以把they改为that或者which。
III. 单项填空
1. A 【解析】句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。_________ we meet in our daily lives是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。
2. B 【解析】本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是My eldest son，根据句意和空后名词确定引导词在从句中作定语，选项中只有whose作定语修饰名词。故选B。
3. C 【解析】考查主谓一致。本句是包含定语从句的复合句，先行词Great Expectations是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据＂strengthened＂可知，＂被广泛阅读和得到高度评价＂发生在过去，故选C。
4. C 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是＂the World Food Programme＂，此处表示＂世界粮食项目的目的之一是……＂，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。
5. A 【解析】句意：我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子总是很吵闹。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，修饰a couple，且关系词在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose。
6. D 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，先行词为next week，且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when。
7. D 【解析】句意：这实在是一个招人喜欢的地方。它看起来一定和100年前一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的农舍。先行词是place，非限制性定语从句缺主语，故选D。as引导非限制性定语从句时往往有＂正如，就像＂的意思。
10. D 【解析】句意：作为家里孩子中最小的一个，Alex一直渴望着他能够独立的时间。根据句子结构来判断，此句中the time后面是一个定语从句，且空处在从句中作状语，表示时间，所以要用关系副词when。
11. D 【解析】本句使用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，其中which指代前面整个句子的内容。
12. D 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代的是整个主句，故可排除A、C两项。as引导非限制性定语从句时，表示＂如同，正如＂，符合题干意思，故选D项。
Writing: 如何写辩论报告
【写作点拨】
班级辩论报告的写作是近几年高考的一种命题形式，在写这类作文时，要注意以下几点：
1. 班级辩论报告的内容通常是正反两方的观点对比。
2. 主题要鲜明。文章第一段要开门见山提出讨论的主题。
3. 文章层次要分明。最好用两段来分述正反双方的观点。
4. 文章过渡要自然，并注意对比性语言的运用，如on the contrary，compared with，while等。
5. 结论要观点清晰。最后一段要清楚地亮出自己的观点，说明自己支持哪一方，并说明理由。
【写作模板】
Title(标题)
Our class has discussed whether/if we should... Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of...
Some people hold the view that... The reason why they...is that...
However, others believe that... because...
In my opinion, we should...because...
【常用句式】
一、引出开头
1. Nowadays, ...has become a problem we have to face. 现今，……已成为我们不得不面对的一个问题。
2. With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more people believe that... 随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……
3. It is a common belief that.../It is commonly believed that... 人们一般认为……
4. It is well-known to us that... 我们都知道……/As far as I’m concerned... 据我所知……
5. Recently the problem of... has been brought into focus./Lately, there is a growing concern over... 最近……(问题)引起了关注。
二、表达不同观点
1. People’s views on...vary from person to person. Some hold that... However, others believe that... 人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……，然而其他人却认为……
2. There are different opinions among people as to... 对于……人们的观点有所不同。
3. People may have different opinions on... 人们对……可能会持有不同见解。
4. Attitudes towards...vary from person to person.=Different people hold different attitudes towards... 人们对 待……的态度因人而异。
三、结尾
1. From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that... 从上面所提到的，我们可以得出……结论。
2. Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that... 把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出……结论。
3. Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that... 因此，我们最好得出这样的结论……
4. There is no doubt that...has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问，……有优点也有缺点。
5. All in all... 总之……
最近，你校同学正在参加某英语报组织的一场讨论，讨论的主题是＂公园要不要收门票？＂。请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论的情况。
60%的同学认为
40%的同学认为
1. 不应收门票
2. 公园是公众休闲的地方
3. 如收门票，需建大门、围墙，会影响城市形象
1. 应收门票，但票价不宜高
2. 支付园林工人工资
3. 购买花草树木
注意：
1. 信的开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；
2. 词数100左右。
参考词汇：门票(entrance fee) 园林工人(gardeners and workers)
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【审题谋篇】
体裁
议论文
话题
正反观点的班级辩论
时态
一般现在时为主
人称
第三人称
【遣词造句】
1. 词汇
免费 free of charge
收门票 charge entrance fees
对……有损害 do harm to
使远离，不接近keep away
2. 句式
(1)People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves.
(2)Fees should be charged because they need money to pay gardeners and workers, and to buy plants and young trees.
【参考范文】
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.
Opinions are divided on the question. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. If so, the entrance and the wall need to be built, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.
On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because they need money to pay gardeners and workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【名师点评】
语言特色： 1. 高级词汇主要使用了free of charge，no doubt，keep away等。
2. 高级句式主要使用了不定式作目的状语、状语从句的省略。
3. 复合句使用了定语从句、原因状语从句。
整体评价：本文论点明确，正反双方论据充分。简单句与复合句的交替使用使三部分有机结合，并使文章充满了节奏感的变化。
据报道，某历史文化名城为了修建公路，将该市建于唐代的古城墙拆毁了。你们班就此现象进行了辩论。请根据以下辩论结果写一篇120词左右的短文，并谈谈你的看法。
赞成(10%)
反对(90%)
你的观点
1. 修建公路是社会发展的需要；
2. 文化遗产在必要时应让步于社会发展。
1. 古城墙具有极高的历史价值，是城市文明的象征之一；
2. 文化遗产有利于我国与世界各国的文化交流。
……
注意：文章的开头已经给出，但不计入总词数。
It is reported that to build a road, a well-known historical and cultural city has recently torn down one of its ancient city walls dating from the Tang Dynasty. Our class have had a debate on...





【参考范文】
It is reported that to build a road, a well-known historical and cultural city has recently torn down one of its ancient city walls dating from the Tang Dynasty. Our class have had a debate on whether cultural relics like ancient city walls should be torn down or not.
About 10% of the students support this action, saying building a road is necessary for the development of society. In their opinion, cultural relics should give way to the development of society if necessary. However, about 90% have the opposite opinion. They believe such an ancient city wall is very valuable and it is one of the symbols of the city. There is no doubt that cultural relics play an important part in communication between China and the rest of the world.
Personally, I think cultural relics are so valuable that we should protect them.