2017-2018学年高一英语人教版（必修2）Unit 3 Computers Grammar Writing-试题同步练习

Unit 3 Computers
Grammar：现在完成时的被动语态
1. 现在完成时被动语态的构成
　 现在完成时被动语态的结构为has/have been done, 使用has been done时主语为单数，使用have been done时主语为复数。
?This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书已被译为多国语言。
?His bikes have been sold out. 他的自行车已卖完了。
2. 现在完成时的被动语态的含义
现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作，它有两层意思：
(1)动作已完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。
(2)主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系。
?Our classroom has been cleaned: you needn’t clean it now. 我们的教室已经打扫过，现在你没必要再打扫了。
?These flowers have been watered. Yon can go home. 这些花已经浇水了。你可以回家了。
3. 现在完成时的被动语态的用法
(1)用于不知道动作执行者是谁时。
?His bike has been stolen. 他的自行车被人偷了。(不清楚是谁偷的)
(2)用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明时。
?Not a book in the library has been taken away. 图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。(没人拿书, 泛指)
(3)用于可以说出动作执行者，但动作承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时。
?My watch has been repaired. 我的表修好了。(表修好了是谈话的主旨，是谁修好的无关紧要, 不必提及)
(4)用于动作的执行者不是人时。
?The house has been washed away by the storm. 那栋房子已被暴雨冲走了。
4. 现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式
肯定式
主语++ be done
否定式
主语+ + be done
一般疑问式
+ be done?
特殊疑问式
疑问词++ be done?
?His homework hasn’t been finished. 他的家庭作业还没有写完。
?Has this bridge been finished? 这座桥竣工了吗?
?Why has he been praised by his teacher? 为什么他被老师表扬了?
【易混辨析】
(1)现在完成时的被动语态、现在进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：
①现在完成时的被动语态强调与现在情况的联系。
?The bridge has been built. 这座桥已经建好了。
②现在进行时的被动语态表示动作正在进行，而且表示被动。
?The bridge is being built. 这座桥正在修建。
③一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态仅涉及过去，与现在的情况没有联系。
?The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建成的。
(2)非延续性动词，如borrow, finish, begin, start, marry等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。
?这本字典借了多长时间?
→How long has this dictionary been borrowed?(×)
→How long has this dictionary been kept?(√)
5. 现在完成时的主动语态变被动语态
(1)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。
(3)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
?(主动)We have built many houses in the past ten years.
→(被动)Many houses have been built in the past ten years.
?(主动)We have given him the book.
→(被动)He has been given the book.
→(被动)The book has been given to him.
【名师点津】
现在完成时的被动语态的选择：
1. 分析句式结构，明确句子所要表达的意义。
2. 明确句中的时间的参考点，确定所需时态。
3. 明确谓语动词与其主语之间应为主动关系还是被动关系，并明确动作是否能延续。
4. 确定正确的时态及语态。
将下列句子改为被动语态
1. He has given the girl some flowers.
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Has he received the letter yet?
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. A new virus has attacked my computer.
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. I have made him study hard.
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. Have you found ways to make waste water clean?
______________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. The girl has been given some flowers by him./Some flowers have been given to the girl by him.
2. Has the letter been received by him yet?
3. My computer has been attacked by a new virus.
4. He has been made to study hard by me.
5. Have ways been found to make waste water clean (by you)?

I. 单句语法填空
1. —Is the meeting being held now?
—No. I hear that it ________(put) off till tomorrow.
2. All possible means________(try) to protect this kind of animals in danger up to now.
3. —Your English is very good.
—I’m still nervous. After all, it is only the second time that I ________(meet) foreign guests.
4. Many of her friends have ________(invite) to her birthday party.
5. The novels written by Mo Yan sell well and ________(sell) out already.
6. Although he has lived with us for years, he ________(not leave) us much impression.
7. —How many times have you________(tell) not to play football in the street?
—I’m sorry. I’ll never do that again.
8. If the paper ________(finish), please hand it in.
II. 将下列句子翻译成英语
1. 电脑已被广泛应用于学校。
_____________________________________________________________________
2. 数据已经下载并储存在我的电脑中了。
_____________________________________________________________________
3. 机器人足球队员已被设计得像人一样行动。
_____________________________________________________________________
4. 这对老夫妇已经结婚30多年了。
_____________________________________________________________________
5. 我想知道这个工作是否已经被完成。
_____________________________________________________________________
III. 单句改错
1. The reason for all the changes being made haven’t been explained to us yet.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. My brother and I have invited to her birthday party.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Something bad has been happened to him.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. The door has been opened itself.
_______________________________________________________________________
I. 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When I was 12 years old, I went with my dad to his workplace — a car shop. I was wandering around and I saw a poor woman with a child standing outside the shop. ___1___ My father went out and asked the woman to come in to the showroom. He offered her some water and then asked her what was wrong.
The woman said that her husband had died some months ago and that she didn’t have anyone else in her family who could help her. She did some work to earn some money to take care of her daughter but she was sick for the last three days and was unable to go to work. ___2___ While she was telling this story to my father, she was unable to control herself and started crying again. My father and I were deeply moved by her story.
___3___ My father then took them to the nearest hospital for her baby to be treated as she did not seem to be very well. On the way, we bought her a 5kg bag of wheat from the market. My father gave her some money before we left her. ___4___
It happened 8 years ago, but that event is still so fresh in my mind. ___5___ Since then, I have decided to try and walk a similar path and help others.
A. The woman was grateful to us.
B. Now she doesn’t have a grain of food to eat.
C. We got some food for her and her baby to eat.
D. My father’s kindness to this woman inspired me deeply.
E. I was so happy to see so many kind people in this world.
F. My father and I tried our best to find a good job for the woman.
G. I saw that she was crying a lot and went inside and told my father.
II. 书面表达
假设你是高一(1)班的班长李华，得知美国学生Chris作为交换生，下个月将到你班学习。请你根据以下提示，给他写封邮件：
1. 表示欢迎；
2. 介绍与本地生活相关的信息(如气候、饮食等)；
3. 介绍本班情况；
4. 希望Chris做哪些事情，以增进中美学生间的了解和友谊。
注意：
1. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2. 词数100左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：交换生exchange student
Dear Chris,
I’m Li Hua, monitor of Class One, Grade One.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
1. (2017·新课标全国卷III) Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year.
2. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编)Since 1958, they (recognize) as the national theatre of Israel.
3. (2017·北京改编)But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it (be) by some AI researchers.
4. (2017·北京改编)Already this year, 115 measles cases (report) in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
5. (2017·新课标全国卷III) I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.(改错)
I. 单句语法填空
1. has been put 【解析】答语句意：我听说会议已推迟到明天了。put off＂推迟＂，与meeting之间为被动关系。会议现在已被推迟，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
2. have been tried 【解析】由时间状语up to now可知应用现在完成时。另外，主语means与try之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。means为单复数同形的单词，由其前的all可知此处作复数名词。
5. have been sold 【解析】根据副词already可知＂已卖完了＂；且sell out(售完)与the novels之间为被动关系。
6. hasn’t left 【解析】主语与谓语动词之间是主动关系，用主动语态。而且，根据＂Although he has lived with us for years＂，说明虽然他和我们一起生活了多年，但到目前为止他并没有给我们留下什么深刻的印象。故用现在完成时。
7. been told 【解析】根据＂how many times＂可知动作发生在一段时间内，故应用完成时态。tell与you之间为被动关系。
8. has been finished 【解析】句意：如果做完了试卷，请把它交上来。此处强调先完成，且试卷为被完成，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
II. 将下列句子翻译成英语
1. Computers have been widely used in schools.
2. The data has already been downloaded and stored in my computer.
3. The android football players have been programmed to act like humans.
4. The old couple has been married for over 30 years.
5. I’d like to know if this work has been finished.
III. 单句改错
1. haven’t→hasn’t
2. 去掉been
3. 在have后加been
4. 去掉been
5. 去掉been
I. 七选五
【语篇解读】作者在12岁的时候目睹了父亲帮助一位急需帮助的母亲的情景，父亲的善举让作者也开始帮助他人。
1. G　【解析】联系语境可知，作者看到店外有个哭泣并带着孩子的母亲后，进去告诉了父亲。G项承上启下，符合语境。
2. B　【解析】她病了，不能工作，赚不了钱，所以她们没有吃的了。
II. 书面表达
Dear?Chris,?
I’m Li Hua, monitor of Class One, Grade One.
I’m delighted to hear that you will come to our school as an exchange student next month. Now I have something to tell you. Firstly, with the climate changing, you should prepare some summer clothes. Then it is different kinds of foods and snacks that give you the chance to experience Chinese food culture. In addition, every student can be in harmony with foreign friends, which makes it easy for you to get along with them.
Last but not least, we can do what we can to help you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties. During your stay here, I hope you can tell us more about American culture.
Looking forward to seeing you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
1. was told / has been told 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式，又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数，故填was told / has been told。
2. have been recognized 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据Since可判断出谓语动词应该用现在完成时，又因主语是they，且they与recognize之间为被动关系，故填have been recognized。
4. have been reported 【解析】根据Already this year和语境可知此处应用现在完成时，且115 measles cases与report之间为被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态；又因主语是复数，故填have been reported。
5. had→have 【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the past few years判断用现在完成时，故将had改为have。

Writing: 如何写描述物品的说明文
描述物品的说明文就是用英语来介绍一件物品，是说明文的一种，要求以简明的文字介绍事物的形状、性质、构造、变化、功能和特征等，要直观、形象，使读者如临其境。同学们在写作时要注意以下几点：
1. 认真审题，确定人称，选好着手点。
2. 选好说明顺序。说明的顺序通常为物品的构造和用途。
3. 分清主次。要想把复杂的东西介绍清楚，还需要同学们层次清晰，主次分明。
4. 句式多样，词汇高级。注意写作时句式不要单一，词汇不要过于简单。
5. 适当运用说明方法。可灵活选用说明方法：举例法、比较法等。
【写作模板】
Title(标题)
The________(要介绍的物品)is..., which is....
Firstly, it is...
Secondly, it can be used to...
Thirdly, people can use it to...
In a word, this________(要介绍的物品)is...
【常用句式】
It is round/square/big/small. 它是圆的/方的/大的/小的。
It is...in height/length/width. 它高/长/宽……
It is also worth... 它也值得……
In addition,...此外……
My robot’s name is... 我的机器人名叫……
假定你设计出了一款新型机器人——家用机器人，请你写一篇100个词左右的短文介绍一下其主要功能。
1. 可以在固定的时间做饭，做饭时间可以根据个人需要进行调整；
2. 可以陪老人聊天、下棋、做运动等；
3. 及时处理突发事件，例如在老人突然病倒时及时拨打求救电话等。
参考词汇：陪伴v. accompany 突发事件n. emergency
【审题谋篇】
体　裁
想象类作文
话　题
描述未来机器人
时　态
一般现在时
人　称
第一人称和第三人称
【参考范文】
Here is a new type of robot — the household robot, which can help us in many ways.
Firstly, it can take care of the old while we are not at home and can also accompany the old in having a chat, playing chess, and doing exercise.
Secondly, it can cook meals at a fixed time, which can be adjusted according to individual needs.
Thirdly, it can deal with the emergencies. For example, if an old man falls ill all of a sudden, all at once the robot can call a doctor for help.
In a word, it would be of great help for you if you own such a robot.
【名师点评】
语言特色：①高级词汇主要使用了accompany, fixed, adjust, according to, individual, all of a sudden。
②高级句式主要使用了＂be+of+抽象名词＂。
③复合句使用了时间状语从句、条件状语从句和非限制性定语从句。
整体评价：本文要点齐全，段落清晰，层次分明，说明能抓住要点。文章使用了多种表达句式，恰当地使用了连接词，行文连贯，过渡自然。
请结合实际，写一篇介绍计算机的英语短文。







【参考范文】
Computer technology has been one of world most important invention. It is such a marvel how human civilization and living has changed so much since it came into our life.
In the past, we would need to often need large storage space for files and cabinets. Now, we just need a small magnetic hard disk storage or a thumb drive.
Our working space has become enormously larger as we have computers connecting to the world through the internet. No longer are we working alone from nine to five, our working counterparts could be all over the world.
Computer not only assimilate our working routine, it has invade our living space. My generation watched from media from the computer than from the once popular television set. School assignments can be assigned to student at the click of a button.
Nothing beats this marvelous piece of technology.