2017-2018学年高一下学期期末考试备考满分冲刺专题
专题四 必修4重点词汇 讲解部分
要点一：observe
(2017·新课标全国卷III改编) Just last year, I was a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman excused the interruption and handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching and opened it up.
A. observing B. preparing C. designing D. conducting
【参考答案】D
【知识讲解】
1. observe (1)vt. 观察；观测
observe sth. 观察某事物
observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事
observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事
observe that... 观察到……
(2)vt. 遵守 observe the traffic rules遵守交通规则
2. observer n.观察者；观测者；遵守者
observation n. 观测；监测；观察，观察力
under observation 被监视
【易混辨析】observe/look at/see/watch/notice
易混词
用法
observe
＂观察＂，侧重于从不同的角度长时间地看并研究。
look at
＂集中注意力地看＂，强调动作。
see
＂看见，看到＂，强调结果，一般不用进行时态。
watch
＂注视，注意或仔细地看或观察＂，侧重所看事物的变化、移动和发展。
notice
＂看到，注意到，觉察到＂，指(偶然)看到细小的但可能重要的事情，强调结果。
【特别注意】
observe sb. do sth. 指的是观察某人做某事的全过程，do为不带to的动词不定式，变成被动语态时要把to 补充出来，即sb. be observed to do sth.。相似用法的还有使役动词(如make)、感官动词(如see，hear等)。observe sb. doing sth. 指的是观察到某人正在做某事，变成被动语态为sb. be observed doing sth.。
observe及物动词，作＂留心到；注意到；观察＂解时，其用法与see, hear等相似，可用于以下句型：①跟带有不带to的不定式的复合结构，但在被动结构中，不定式必须带to。②跟带有现在分词的复合结构，表示＂注意到的动作＂正在进行。也可以跟从句。
【巧学妙记】口诀巧记各种＂看＂：
看场电影用see，读书看报用read；
电视、戏剧和比赛，凡是表演用watch；
observe细观察，一时注意notice。
要点二：respect
1. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编)We were ______________(respect) of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.
2. (2016?新课标全国卷I改编) They had little _________________ (敬意) for their grandparent.
3. (2016?北京改编) I want to prove that I can teach myself a _____________(respect) profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.
【参考答案】
1. respectful
2. respect
3. respectful
【知识讲解】
1. respect (1)vt. & n. 尊敬，尊重
respect sb. for sth. 因……而尊敬某人
respect oneself自重
(2) n. 敬意，尊重；方面，关于
have respect for sb. =pay/show respect to sb. 尊敬某人
gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬
out of respect (for…) 出于尊重(……)
treat old people with respect 充满敬意地对待老人
in respect of 关于……；就……而言
with respect to关于/谈到……
2. respectable adj. 可敬的，值得尊敬的；体面的
a respectable person 一个正派的人
respectful adj. 恭敬的；有礼貌的
be respectful to their elders 对长辈有礼貌
respected adj. 受敬重的
respective adj. 各自的，分别的
要点三：argue
1. (2017·浙江改编) The governments ______________(争论) that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.
【参考答案】argue
2. (2014·广东) According to a recent research, the most common between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks.
A. interest B. argument C. link D. knowledge
【参考答案】B
【知识讲解】
1. argue vi. 争吵，争论；vi. & vt. 辩论，主张，说服
argue for/against sth. 赞成/反对……
argue with sb. (over/about sth.) (就某事)和某人争论
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
argue that... 主张……；认为……
argue back 反驳
2. argument n. 争论；争吵，论据，论证
have an argument about/over sth. 辩论某事
a heated/loud argument 激烈的争论
beyond argument 无可争辩
【语境妙记】
The workers, who argued for their own rights, argued with the boss for a few days, but failed to argue him into giving them a rise in wages. 为了自身的权利争论的工人们同他们的老板辩论数日，结果没能说服老板给他们加薪。
要点四：look down upon/on
1. We should not _______________________ disabled people.
我们不应该看不起残疾人。
2. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编)Let’s take a look ______________ them now.
3. (2017·新课标全国卷III改编)Sarah Thomas is ______________(期望) the challenge of her new A-level course.
【参考答案】
1. look down on/upon
2. at
3. looking forward to
【知识讲解】
look up to 敬仰，尊重
look up 抬头看；查阅
look out 当心，小心
look into 调查；了解
look through 浏览；审查；看穿
look on/upon...as... 把……看作……
look forward to 盼望，期待
look down upon/on蔑视，瞧不起
要点五：refer to
(2017·新课标全国卷I改编)What does the underlined phrase ＂the water catcher＂ in paragraph 2 ______________(指的是)?
【参考答案】refer to
【特别注意】
refer to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词等作宾语。
【知识讲解】
1. refer to (1)查阅；参考
refer sb. to sth. 让(人)参考……，让(人)参阅……
(2)谈到，提及；涉及
refer to...as... 把……称作……
refer to sb. for sth. 向某人问及……
2. refer...to... 把……归因/归于……；把……提交给……
3. reference n. 提及，涉及；参考，参考书
for reference以备查阅
要点六：intend
1. (2017·天津改编) You write an unkind message about someone, ______________ (intend) to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing.
2. (2017·天津改编) Clicking ＂reply all＂ ______________(unintention)
3. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编)So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, ______________(intend) back and forth.
【参考答案】
1. intending
2. unintentionally
3. intentional
【知识讲解】
1. intend vt. 计划；打算
intend to do/doing sth. 打算/想要做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 计划让某人做某事
be intended for/to do... 旨在，预定……用途；为……打算的
had intended to do...=intended to have done... 本打算做……
intend that… 打算……
2. intended adj. 打算的；故意的
intention n. 意图；目的；打算
with the intention of… 怀着……目的
have no/every intention of doing sth. (没)有做某事的打算
not have the slightest intention of doing sth. 没有一点儿做某事的打算
intentional adj. 存心的；故意的
intentionally adv. 故意地；存心地
要点七：thanks to
1. (2015·安徽) modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.
A. Thanks to B. As to
C. Except for D. Regardless of
【参考答案】A
【知识讲解】
thanks to由于；多亏
because of 因为；由于
owing to 由于，因……之故
as a result of 作为……的结果，由于
due to 因为，由于(不能放在句首)
on account of 由于；因为
2. 完成句子
①I couldn’t attend the meeting ____________ ____________ illness.
我因病不能出席会议。
②The delay was ____________ ____________ power failure.
延滞是由于停电。
【参考答案】
①owing to/ due to/ because of
②due to
【易混辨析】thanks to, because of, owing to与due to
thanks to, because of, owing to 和due to 都是短语介词，都有＂由于＂、＂因为＂的意思，后面都接名词词组构成介词短语，但在用法上略有不同。
易混词
用法
thanks to
引导的介词短语在句中作状语，多放句首。
because of
引导的介词短语在句中作状语，可放句首或句末。
owing to
引导的介词短语在句中通常作状语或表语。
due to
引导的介词短语在句中通常作状语或表语。
要点八：be satisfied with
1. (2014?北京改编)Apparently ____________(satisfy) that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went.
2. (2014?四川改编) The manager was (satisfy) to see many new products developed after great effort.?
【参考答案】
1. satisfied
2. satisfied
【知识讲解】
1. satisfy vt.& vi.(使)满足，(使)满意
satisfy one’s needs/demands满足某人的需要
satisfy sb. with sth. 使某人满足于某事
be satisfied with对……感到满意
2. satisfaction n. 满足，满意
to sb.’s satisfaction=to the satisfaction of sb. 令某人满意的是
with satisfaction 满意地
feel satisfaction at/in对……感到满意
get/ gain/ derive satisfaction from从……中得到满足感
satisfying adj. 令人满意的
satisfactory adj. 令人满意的，够好的
要点九：would rather
1. (2016·浙江) I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer. I be in prison!
A. ought to B. might well
C. would rather D. had better
【参考答案】C
2. 单句改错
①I would rather you come tomorrow rather than today.
____________________________________________________________________________________
②He would rather stay at home than to go out for a walk.
____________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
①come改为came
②删除to
【知识讲解】
would rather宁愿，宁可
would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿(不)做某事
would rather do...than do...=would do...rather than do...宁愿……而不愿……；与其……倒不如……
would rather (that) sb. did... 宁愿某人做某事(表示希望与现在或将来的事实相反)
would rather (that) sb. had done... 宁愿某人做过某事(表示希望与过去的事实相反)
would rather have done本来想做……(而实际上没有做)
要点十：confuse
1. (2017?天津改编)Because of the ____________(confuse), Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.
2. (2016?上海改编)After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was __________(confuse).
3. (2014?新课标全国卷Ⅰ改编)How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more) — only to end up confused ___________all of the options in front of you and never make progress?
【参考答案】
1. confusion
2. confused
3. by
【知识讲解】
1. confuse vt. 使迷惑；使为难
confuse A with/and B 分不清A和B
confuse black and white混淆黑白；分不清两物之间的不同
confuse sb. with sth. 某事让某人困惑
be confused by 被……弄混/弄糊涂
2. confused adj. 混乱的；迷惑的(表示人的内心感受)
be confused about 对……感到困惑
confusing adj. 难以理解的，令人费解的(表示事物的状态)
【易混辨析】confuse/puzzle
易混词
用法
confuse
表示令人头脑混乱或异常惊讶，有时强调事情的混乱。
puzzle
指事物不能解释，令人感到迷惑，比confuse语气轻。
要点十一：focus
1. (2017?新课标全国卷II改编)We were respectful of craft（技艺）and _________(focus) on digging into the characters we were going to play.
2. (2015?重庆改编)When everyone else in the class was focusing ___________ tasks, I could not.
3. (2016?北京改编)Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep ___________(focus) for more than an hour at a time.
【参考答案】
1. focused
2. on
3. focused
【知识讲解】
1. focus (1)n. (兴趣、活动等的)中心；焦点
be in focus 焦距对准；清晰
be out of focus 焦距没对准；模糊
bring sth. into focus 把某物集中在焦点上
(2) v. (使)集中，聚集；(使)聚焦
focus one’s attention/thoughts/efforts on集中注意力/思想/努力于
the focus of attention关注的焦点
focus sth. on/upon sth.=fix...on...使……集中于……
be focused on/upon sth.=be fixed on 集中于……
2. 近义短语：
fix one’s thoughts/attention on/upon 全神贯注于
concentrate on/upon 全神贯注于
pay attention to 注意
be absorbed in专心于
be buried in 专心于
be lost in全神贯注于
apply oneself to专心，致力于……
devote...to....献身于……；全身心地投入……
【特别提醒】
appreciate后面若跟when/if引导的从句作宾语时，从句之前应用it作形式宾语。类似用法的动词还有hate, love, like, dislike等。
要点十二：content
1. (2017·江苏改编) How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers?
By introducing some of its _____________(内容).
2. (2017·天津改编) She seemed so _____________(满意的) in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.
【参考答案】
1. contents
2. content
【知识讲解】
content (1)adj. 满足的，满意的。
feel/be content with 对……满足
be content to do sth. 甘心/满足于做某事
(2)n. 满足；内容；目录；含量。
to one’s heart’s content心满意足地；尽情地
(3)vt. 使满足
content sb./oneself with... 使某人(自己)对……感到满足
【特别提醒】
1. content作＂内容，目录＂理解时为可数名词，常用复数形式。
2. 作定语时应用contented。
【巧学妙记】图记content多个含义：
要点十三：direct
1. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编) This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate _____________(direct), Wang Xiaoying.
2. (2017·新课标全国卷I改编) The low point of the sheet must be centered _____________(direct) over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
3. (2017·浙江改编) He _____________(direct) the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.
4. (2017·天津改编) _____________(direct) are very specific.
【参考答案】
1. Director
2. directly
3. directed
4. Directions
【知识讲解】
1. direct (1) vt.& vi.导演；指示；指挥
direct…at/towards sb. /sth. 把……指向某人/事
direct sb. to a place 指引某人到某处
direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事
direct (that) sb. /sth. (should) do/be done 指示/命令某人做/某事被做
【特别提醒】
direct表示命令、指示时，后可以引导that从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用(should＋) do。
(2)adj. 直的，直接的；率直的，恰好的；完全的。
a direct flight/train直飞航班/直达列车
a direct result/link/connection 直接的结果/关系/联系
a direct person/manner/answer 直性子的人/坦率的态度/直截了当的回答
2. direction n. 指导；方向；[常用复数]说明书
in every direction = in all directions 朝四面八方
in the direction of朝……方向
under the direction of 在……的指导下
directly adv.直接地；立即；conj. 一……就……(引导时间状语从句)
要点十四：react
1. (2017?北京改编) However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain ____________(react).
【参考答案】reaction
2. (2016·浙江改编) I made friends with the natives, and their amazed me. They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had refused to sell to tourists.
A. movement B. reaction C. guidance D. purpose
【参考答案】B
3. How did he ____________your answer?
A. react to B. refer to
C. lead to D. object to
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】考查动词短语。react to对……作出反应；refer to提及，查阅，涉及；lead to导致；object to反对。句意：他对你的回答是怎样反应的？故选A。
【拓展延伸】
1. react vi. 作出反应；回应
react to sb./sth. 对……做出回应
react with sth. 与……起化学反应
react against sb./sth. 反对，对抗某人/事
2. reaction n. 反应，回应
reactive adj. 反应的，回应的；能起化学反应的
reactivity n. 反应性
reactor n. 反应器，核反应堆
要点十五：approach
(2016?新课标全国卷I改编)They then heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. ____________ the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
A. Starting B. Parking
C. Passing D. Approaching
【参考答案】D
【拓展延伸】
approach (1)vt. & vi. 接近，靠近，走近
approach sb. for/about sth. 就某事与某人商量/交涉
be approaching 正在/将要接近
approach to接近，近似
(2)n. 接近；方法；途径
on the approach of...在快到……的时候
make approaches to sb. 设法接近某人
approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法
【易混辨析】approach/method /way/means
approach，way，method和means都可表示＂方法＂，要注意它们的区别：
approach
指处理某事的具体方法、步骤。与介词to连用。
method
指有理论的、系统的、详细的方法。构成method of doing sth 结构。
way
普通用语，侧重简便的方法或途径。构成the way to do/of doing sth 结构。
means
单复数同形，可指具体的或抽象的方法、手段。构成by...means结构。
要点十六：defend
1. (2016?四川改编) They?help?the?body?________________ (保护自己免受) some?kinds?of?infections.?
【参考答案】defend?itself?against
2. (2014?广东改编)For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to their actions.
A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider
【参考答案】D
【拓展延伸】
defend vt. 保护，防卫；辩护
defend sb. /sth. from...保护某人/物免遭……
defend sb. /sth. against...抵御……
defend with sth. 用……来保卫
3. 用defend, guard或protect的适当形式填空
①She ______________herself successfully in court yesterday.
②A line of forts was built along the border to ______________the country against attack.
③We keep dogs to ______________our houses at night against thieves.
【参考答案】
①defended
②protect/defend
③guard
【易混辨析】defend/guard/protect
defend
指积极地抵抗、防御或挫败迫在眉睫的危险或侵袭，也可指为某人或某论点辩护。常与against连用。
guard
意为＂保卫,警卫,看守＂，指为了保证安全而站立守卫，含有警惕之意。常与against连用。
protect
指借用某种东西作为防御、保护工具，使人或物免受伤害，这种保护的成功率比defend，guard高。常与against，from连用。
【巧学妙记】
要点十七：likely
1. (2017·浙江改编) While ____________ is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings.
2. (2016?新课标全国卷II改编) If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely ____________________ (bring) your work home.
3. (2016?上海) If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely __________________ (get )ill.
【参考答案】
1. it
2. to bring
3.?to?get
【拓展延伸】
likely adj. 可能的。
It’s likely that sb....=sb. be likely to do...某人很可能……
unlikely adj. 不太可能发生的
be unlikely to...不大可能……
【特别注意】
likely作副词的时候多和most, very连用。
4. 用likely, possible或probable填空
①The thieves were not _____________ to know how much it is worth.
②According to the test, it is _____________ that the disease has a genetic element.
③Would it be _____________ for me to leave a message for her?
【参考答案】
①likely
②probable
③possible
【易混辨析】likely/possible /probable
likely
侧重从表面看，某事很有可能发生，与probable意思相近。likely在作表语时，其主语可以是人也可以是物。
possible
强调客观上有可能，但也常常暗示＂实际上希望很小＂。常用的句式为＂It is possible for sb to do sth＂ 或＂It is possible+that从句＂。其作表语时，不能用人作主语。
probable
主要指有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，常有＂大概，很可能＂的意味，语气较possible强。常用的句式为＂It is probable+从句＂。其作表语时，不能用人或不定式作主语。
要点十八：turn one’s back to
1. (2016?天津) Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ________ her opinion on the subject.
A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on
C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on
【参考答案】A
2. (2014?安徽) When the sports hero ___________ at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.
A. turned up B. left off
C. moved on D. got away
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】句意：当体育英雄在我们的聚会上出现的时候，他受到热烈的欢迎。turned up出现。
3. (2014?浙江)How could you ____________ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months.
?? A. turn off?????????? B. turn in
C. turn down????????? D. turn to
【参考答案】C
【拓展延伸】
turn one’s back to背对，背弃
turn on 打开
turn down 拒绝；关小
turn out 结果是；证明是
turn to 向……求助；转向
turn up 出现；到达；突然发生
turn over 翻转；翻阅；反复思考
turn one’s back on sb. 不友好地拒绝帮助别人
turn a deaf ear to 对……置若罔闻
turn a blind eye to 对……视而不见
要点十九：attraction
1. (2017·北京改编) TOKNOW makes complex ideas _____________(attract) and accessible to children, who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy（哲学）— and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.
2. (2017·新课标全国卷III改编) This _____________(attract) tour takes you to some of San Francis’s most cheerful holiday scenes.
3. (2015?上海改编)Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of _____________ (attract).
【参考答案】
1. attractive
2. attractive
3. attraction
4. (2017·新课标全国卷I)Both the hand movements and the very idea of communicating without speaking ____________ me.
A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted
【参考答案】D
【拓展延伸】
1. attraction n. 有吸引力的事物；吸引
have an/no/a little/much attraction for sb. 对某人具有/不具有/有一点/很有吸引力
2. attract vt. 吸引；引起
attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
attract sb. to...使某人受……吸引
attractive adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的
be attractive to sb. 对某人有吸引力
attractively adv. 动人地，迷人地
要点二十：come to life
1. (2015?重庆改编) As the sun’s rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa _________________________(活跃起来).
【参考答案】comes to life
2. (2015?浙江) We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or ___________ our emotions than for straight facts.
A. block off B. appeal to
C. subscribe to D. come across
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】句意：我们趋向于对于有一些记忆会比较清楚，这些东西是让我们激动或者是吸引我们的。A. block off封锁，B. appeal to吸引，C. subscribe to订阅，D. come across遇到。该句的句式使用到了一个比较句式以及一个定语从句，看起来有一点复杂，这道题的关键就是连词or，or＂或者＂，用于并列句。所以 our emotions跟前面excite our senses(让我们激动)意思是相同的，根据句意不难得出答案是B。
【拓展延伸】
come to life活跃起来；苏醒过来
come back to life 苏醒过来
come to oneself 苏醒过来
come to 总计；谈到；达到某种状态
when it comes to… 当谈到……的时候
bring…to life 使……生动；使苏醒；使想起
make a life维持生计，谋生
live/lead a(n)…life过着……的生活
2017-2018学年高一下学期期末考试备考满分冲刺专题
专题四 必修4重点词汇 针对训练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The patient ____________ (observe) over a period of several weeks before she was out of danger.?
2. The sick man is under ____________(observe) in hospital at present.
3. (2015?福建改编) The discussion will very soon turn into an _____________(argue).
4. Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does _____________ (satisfy) his former boss.
5. I am _____________ (satisfy) with your explanation.
6. (2016?天津改编) When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of _____________ (content) based on the topics of its articles.
7. (2016?天津改编) But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different ___________ (direct).
8. (2015?天津改编) Even so, we decided to talk with the owners (direct).
9. (2017?新课标全国卷III改编) But we all have to accept that as we get older our ____________(react) slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills.
10. (2016?新课标全国卷III改编) One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely_____________________ (make) the list than non-science articles.
11. (2016?新课标全国卷III改编)The more positive an article, __________________ (likely) it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, ＂Contagious: Why Things Catch On.＂
12. (2015?上海改编)Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find _____________(attract).
13. (2016?新课标全国卷I改编) Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ____________(attract).
【答案】
1. was observed 2. observation
3. argument 4. satisfies
5. satisfied 6. contents
7. directions 8. directly
9. reactions 10. to make
11. the more likely 12. attractive
13. attraction
二、用适当的介词填空
1. I deeply respect David ________ what he has achieved.
2. The two groups are similar ________ respect to interest and age.
3. Her courage and determination won the respect ________the audience.
4. ________ of respect,?we telephoned him in advance.
5. (2015?福建改编) It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should be content _____________ what we already have.
6. The couple are always arguing________ each other ________money.
7. His family argued ________his giving up smoking.
8. People argue ________ bringing the prices up again.
9. She came________some old photographs in a drawer.
10. Tony came up________a good plan at the meeting.
11. The patient reacted badly ___________the drug.
12. Iron reacts ___________water and air to produce rust(铁锈).
【答案】
1. for?? 2. with
3. of 4. Out
5. with 6. with; about/over
7. for 8. against
9. across? ? 10. with
11. to 12. with
三、完成句子
1. They ____________________ the window and jump in the house.
有人看到他们打开了窗户，然后跳进了房间。
2. American forces ___________________Christmas quietly.
美国部队正在悄悄地庆祝圣诞节。
3. The staff in the zoo kept the baby panda ___________________.
动物园的职员密切关注着那只熊猫宝宝。
4. (2015·浙江改编) Some _______________________and talk of feeling tired and empty.
一些人不尊重他们所在的公司，谈论着感觉劳累和空虚。
5. (2016?新课标全国卷II改编) It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are ____________________(带着敬意) the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
6. (2015?福建改编)The other person will ___________________ in the future if you do that.
如果你做了那件事，另外一个人将来会对你有更多的敬意。
7. (2015?重庆改编) The disabled should be treated _________________________.
应该用尊重对待残疾人。
8. The children are arguing ________ their parents ________ where to spend their holiday.
孩子们正在与父母争论到哪里度假的问题。
9. Do you argue ________ or ________ the economic reform?
你是赞成还是反对经济改革？
10. _______________________, and you will have a brighter future.
向前看，你会有一个更美好的未来。
11. I’ve _______________________ all my papers but I still can’t find the contract.
我翻遍了所有文件，但还是找不到那份合同。
12. The students all _______________________ the old philosophy teacher.
学生们都尊敬那位老哲学老师。
13. The speaker often _____________________his notes.
那个演讲的人不时地看发言稿。
14. He likes to __________________________ ＂Doctor Khee＂.
他喜欢被称呼为＂棋博士＂。
15. Tom intended __________________________ (study) abroad.
汤姆打算出国学习。
16. His father__________________________.
他的父亲打算让他参军。
17. We should _________ _________ _________ _________ our study.
我们应该把注意力放在学习上。
18. She felt all the eyes _________ _________ _________ her.
她觉得所有人都在注视着她。
19. Are you _____________________your present salary?
你对你现在的薪水满意吗?
20. He _____________________where he is now.
他安于现状。
21. When the new player came into the team, the match suddenly ___________________________.
新队员一上场，比赛突然活跃起来了。
22. We should ____________ the child ____________ harm.
我们要保护这孩子不受伤害。
23. Their duty is to ____________ the country ____________ its enemies.
他们的职责就是保卫国家抵御敌人(入侵)。
24. (2016?北京改编)In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, _____________ (多亏) cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly.
25. (2016?四川改编)The lives of these people have finally been recorded ____________ (多亏) the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.
26. (2015?新课标全国卷II改编)Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to ____________ (对……满意), and complete, their chosen course.
27. (2017·天津改编)Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport ____________(而不是) vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California.
28. (2014?陕西改编) We would rather our daughter _______________________(待在家) a with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
29. (2016?新课标全国卷III改编) But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more ________________________(他们作何反应).(react)
【答案】
1. were observed to open 2. are observing
3. under observation 4. do not respect the companies they work for
5. with respect to 6. have more respect for you
7. with respect 8. with; over/about
9. for; against 10. Look ahead
11. looked through 12. look up to
13. referred to 14. be referred to as
15. to study/studying 16. intended him to join the army
17. focus our attention on 18. were focused on
19. content with 20. is content to remain
21. came to life 22. defend from
23. defend against 24. thanks to
25. thanks to 26. be satisfied with
27. rather than 28. stayed at home
29. how they react
四、单句改错
1. The professor suggested the problem referred be solved at once.
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. The children used to referring to that old teacher as Grandpa.
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. I like the style of the book, but I don’t like the content.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. Be content to who you are and what you have.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Our university was founded in October 1951 and is a key institution of higher learning direct under the Ministry of Education.
______________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. 在be前加to 2. referring改为refer
3. content改为contents 4. to改为with
5. direct改为directly
四、单项填空
1. (2015·安徽) How did we a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it.
A. face B. become C. observe D. change
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：我们是如何变成一个用了就扔的社会的呢？A. 面对；B. 变得；C. 观察，遵循；D. 改变。根据＂First of all...＂可知，这里讲的是乱扔东西的原因，故选B。
2. (2014·重庆) Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and ___________ them.
A. reject B. recite C. respect D. remove
【答案】C
3. (2014·重庆) Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and replace them. Here are some __________ on how to fit in.
A. plans B. tips C. arguments D. choices
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义及语境运用。应该是就如何适应化差异提出了一些具体的建议。A. plans方案、计划；B. tips建议；C. arguments争论；D. choices选择。B项正确。
4. (2017·天津改编)As I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would ___________ the same difficulties that beat me before.
A. get over B. run into C. look for D. put aside
【答案】B
【解析】根据上文fear和下文the same difficulties that beat me before可知，我充满了恐惧，害怕遇到以前打败我的同样的困难。A. 克服，战胜；B. 遇到；C. 寻找；D. 把……放到一边。故选B。
5. (2017·浙江) Anis who owned a restaurant to hide some books.
A. intended B. pretended C. happened D. agreed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词。A. intended打算；B. pretended假装；C. happened发生；D. agreed同意。根据＂Anis who owned a restaurant to hide some books＂可知，Anis同意把一些书藏在他的饭店里面。故选D。
6. (2015·江苏) Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around ___________ Thomas Edison.
A. thanks to B. regardless of
C. aside from D. but for
【答案】D
7. David is ___________ animal fur, so he won’t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.
A. curious about B. allergic to
C. satisfied with D. fond of
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。由语境＂他不去家里有猫或狗的人家里拜访＂推断，戴维对动物皮毛过敏，故选B。be allergic to 对……过敏；be curious about 对……好奇；be satisfied with 对……满意；be fond of 喜欢。
8. (2015·陕西) Dad didn’t come home as early and as much as he used to. Mum and I became with him for placing our family in trouble.
A. satisfied B. delighted C. mad D. strict
【答案】C
【解析】A. satisfied满意的；B. delighted高兴的；C. mad疯狂的，生气的；D. strict严格的。句意：我和我妈妈因为他使家庭陷入困境而生他的气。选C。
9. —Would you mind my using your computer for a little while?
—____________.
A. No, please don’t B. I’d rather you didn’t
C. I’m afraid not D. Sure, it’s my pleasure
【答案】B
【解析】考查交际用语。I’d rather you didn’t常用来委婉拒绝别人的请求。
10. I would rather ____________ the football match last night with my friends; otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now.
A. not have watched B. not watch
C. hadn’t watched D. haven’t watched
【答案】A
【解析】would rather (not) have done 意为＂宁愿(未)做过某事＂，表示后悔或遗憾。
11. (2015·福建) It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became ___________ her habit of finding fault.
A. aware of B. afraid of C. curious about D. confused about
【答案】A
【解析】A. aware of注意；B. afraid of担心；C. curious about对……好奇；D. confused about对……迷惑。句意：直到她的朋友受了重伤，Kerry才注意到她挑毛病的习惯。故选A。
12. (2017·江苏改编)A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.
However, one day, in the music class that was part of his school’s standard curriculum, he was playing idly（随意地）on the piano and found it to pick out tunes.
A. complicated B. safe C. confusing D. easy
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词。根据下句＂actually... tried to hide... pleasure＂等词或词组可以看出，Gabriel在音乐中找到了乐趣，并试图隐藏这份愉悦，由此可知，此处是说，他发现演奏音乐很容易。故选D。
13. (2015·江苏) The whole team ___________ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
A. wait on B. focus on
C. count on D. call on
【答案】C
14. (2015·江苏) Butterflies __________ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.
A. carry on B. feed on C. put on D. focus on
【答案】B
【解析】carry on 继续，坚持；feed on 以……为食；put on穿上，上演；focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于。句意：蝴蝶以花分泌的一种甜的液体为食，蜜蜂和其他的昆虫也采集这种甜的液体。
15. (2014?重庆) What you do can make locals laugh. Your best defense is a sense of __________. If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as ＂that crazy foreigner＂.
A. relief B. belonging
C. humor D. direction
【答案】C
【解析】从下文＂一笑了之＂可知，自我防卫的最佳手段是幽默感。A. relief轻松，放松；B. belonging归属；C. humor幽默；D. direction方向。C项正确。
16. (2017·浙江改编)The books stayed hidden as the war . Then nine days later, a fire burned the library to the ground.
...But the war was not over yet.
A. approached B. erupted C. continued D. ended
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词。A. approached 接近；B. erupted爆发；C. continued继续；D. ended 结束。由后文Then nine days later, a fire burned the library to the ground.可知，战争仍在继续。故选C。
17. (2016?江苏) He did not ____________ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
A. approach B. wrestle
C. compromise D. communicate
【答案】C
18. (2014?广东改编)The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different ____________ to these problems. However, some approaches are more successful than others.
A. approaches B. contributions
C. introductions D. attitudes
【答案】A
【解析】语境是＂圣乔治大学的研究表明不同的父母对这些问题有不同的方法＂。此处approaches 方法，途径；contributions 贡献；introductions 介绍，说明；attitudes 态度，看法。下一句有approaches一词。故选A。
19. (2016?江苏) Many businesses started up by college students have ___________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
A. fallen off B. taken off
C. turned off D. left off
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B项正确。
20. (2015?天津) Tom had to____________ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
A. turn in B. turn down
C. turn over D. turn to
【答案】B
21. (2016?四川改编) Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it. Even the youngest children in the class were by the story.
A. surprised B. annoyed
C. puzzled D. attracted
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词。A. surprised使惊讶；B. annoyed 烦恼；C. puzzled疑惑；D. attracted吸引。句意：甚至班里最小的孩子也被故事吸引。故选D。
22. (2015?安徽) I’m so ___________ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
A. special B. superior
C. grateful D. attractive
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我把糟糕的一天变成了愉快的一天。A. 特殊的；B. 优秀的，比……好的；C. 感激的；D. 有吸引力的。根据句意可知，这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情，故选C。
23. Anyway, we’re here now, so let’s ___________ some serious work.
A. come up with B. get down to
C. do away with D. live up to
【答案】B
【解析】句意：总之，我们现在到这儿了，所以该我们着手做些正经事儿。come up with想出(计划、回答)，做出 (反应)，产生；do away with废除，消灭，去掉；live up to达到高标准，不辜负，实行，履行。
24. Would you like to ____________ with us to the film tonight?
A. come along B. come off
C. come across D. come through
【答案】A
25. Team leaders must ensure that all members ___________ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.
A. get over B. look over
C. take over D. come over
【答案】A
【解析】句意：团队的领导者必须确保所有的成员克服他们避免与制造错误相关的尴尬的自然欲望。get over意为＂克服＂，符合题意。look over＂检查＂；take over＂接管＂；come over＂过来，顺便来访＂。
五、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Areas of Tokyo which had usually been packed with office workers like sushi(寿司) restaurants and noodle shops were unusually quiet. Many schools were closed. Companies allowed workers to stay home. Long queues formed at airports.
As Japanese authorities struggled to avoid disaster at an earthquake-battered nuclear plant 240 km to the north, parts of Tokyo resembled a ghost town. Many people stocked up on food and stayed indoors or simply left, transforming one of the world’s biggest and most populated cities into a shell of its usual self.
＂Look, it’s like Sunday — no cars in town, ＂ said Kazushi Arisawa, a 62-year-old taxi driver, as he waited for more than an hour outside an office tower where he usually finds customers within minutes. ＂I can’t make money today. ＂
Radiation in Tokyo has been negligible,_ briefly touching three times the normal rate on Tuesday, smaller than a dental X-ray. On Wednesday, winds over the Fukushima (福岛) nuclear power plant blew out to sea, keeping levels close to normal. But that does little to relieve public anxiety about a 40-year-old nuclear plant with three reactors in partial meltdown (熔毁)and a fourth with spent atomic fuel exposed to the atmosphere after last Friday’s earthquake and tsunami.
＂Radiation moves faster than we do,＂ said Steven Swanson, a 43-year-old American who moved to Tokyo in December with his Japanese wife to help with her family business. He is staying indoor but is tempted to leave. ＂It’s scary. It’s a triple threat with the earthquake, tsunami and the nuclear radiation leaks. It makes you wonder what’s next. ＂
1. The text is mainly about____________.
A. the earthquake that happened in March
B. the government’s effort to avoid disaster
C. the effects of the nuclear radiation leaks
D. the earthquake-battered nuclear power plant
2. What did Kazushi Arisawa mean?
A. There’re usually more cars on Sundays.
B. He didn’t care much about nuclear radiation.
C. He preferred to stay at home on Sundays.
D. He couldn’t find many customers.
3. The underlined word ＂negligible＂in Paragraph 4 most probably means____________.
A. serious B. slight C. normal D. average
4. What can we learn about the Fukushima nuclear power plant from the text?
A. It lies to the south of Tokyo.
B. It started to operate about fifty years ago.
C. It was damaged in the earthquake and tsunami.
D. All its four reactors are now well under control.
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了日本的核辐射泄露对人们造成的影响。
1. C 【解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章介绍了日本的核辐射泄露对人们造成的影响。故选C项。
2. D 【解析】细节理解题。从文章第三段的＂as he waited for more than an hour outside an office tower where he usually finds customers within minutes.’I can’t make money today.’＂看出答案。
B
In America, each of the states likes to promote itself with a slogan(口号). I currently live in Utah, where the slogan is ＂Life Elevated＂. It’s a nod to outdoor entertainment in the high country, including the ski industry. I previously lived in Colorado, a land with red dirt, great mountains and golden plains. The slogan there is ＂Colorful Colorado＂. Years ago I lived in the ＂Peach State＂ of Georgia, and I grew up in New Mexico as a little boy, whose slogan is ＂Land of Enchantment(魔力)＂.
We never seemed to get away from dust in New Mexico, so I appreciate the story of a newcomer to the Land of Enchantment who learned about dusty breezes. She was visiting an antique shop and the owner wiped down every item before showing it. The newcomer said,＂Everything gets dusty here pretty quickly, doesn’t it?＂＂That’s not dust, honey,＂ the shop owner replied, ＂That’s ENCHANTMENT.＂ That made the problem more acceptable. That an escalator(自动扶梯) broke. He posted a sign to warn customers. He chose not to use the traditional ＂Out of Order＂ or ＂Do Not Use＂ warnings. Instead, his sign read, ＂This Escalator Is Temporarily a Stairway.＂ He turned a minus into humor and made it a plus.
And in fact there are some things, like the weather, we can’t change. All we can change is our ways that we think and feel about them. I believe one of the best techniques to do this is to find some humor in the situation. Finding something amusing or enjoyable of difficulty, an irritation or a troublesome problem can be one of the most creative and effective things we can do. Sometimes the only sense you can make of a situation is a sense of humor.
5.The first paragraph is severed as a(n) .
A. predication B. explanation
C. introduction D. conclusion
6. How would the newcomer probably feel after hearing what the shop owner said?
A. Angry. B. Curious. C. Nervous. D. Relaxed.
7. What’s the purpose of the writer’s writing the passage?
A. To encourage people to find the funny side in their daily life.
B. To show the effects of using slogans to raise the position.
C. To explain the skills of turning a disadvantage into humor.
D. To tell the strange experience of a bargain in an antique shop.
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了各地的口号，鼓励人们善于发现生活中有趣的、积极的一面。
5. C 【解析】推理判断题。联系上下文可知，第一段以及其中的例子都是为了引出这篇文章的主题，所以选C项。
六、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some Ways to Avoid Getting Sick
Nobody enjoys being sick but even the best of us can fall sick. Changes in the environment, such as the quality of the air we breathe, can lead to development of certain illnesses like allergies or cancer, when the body’s own immune system works against it. __ _1__ _
1. Eat Healthily.
First of all, stick to a healthy diet. Even if you eat less, it is of great help not to skip meals. Bread with butter/jam, an egg or milk at breakfast, or fruits or fruit juice would be good for breakfast. _ __2__ _ Dinner ideally should consist of soup and vegetables or non-vegetarian fare. Reward yourself with some cookies, even chocolates during the day or at tea-time.
2. __ _3__ _
Exercising is vital. You don’t have to be a fitness freak. Performing some household chores or shopping or even climbing stairs instead of taking the lift helps to bum off calories. Exercises at the beginning of the day will help more and tone up the body. The heavy-eaters have to exercise more, and vigorously.
3. Say no to cigarette smoking.
It’s been medically proved — cigarette smoking does cause cancer, but sadly people get addicted.
__ _4_ _ If people around you can suffer from secondary smoking, how much are you hurting yourself? Cigar-smoking is recommended for those who love to light up.
4. Cheers for the good news!
We all like the cup that cheers. Poets have written poems to alcohol, songsters are great fans and everyone raises a toast now and then. _ __5_ __ If you love lo drink, consult your physician and work out what and how much suits you best.
A. Doing exercise is a must.
B. Have a scheduled daily routine.
C. The next time you want to reach out for that cigarette packet, think again.
D. We can try, however, to maintain good health by picking up a few healthy habits.
E. Lunch can be light, perhaps vegetable/cheese — chicken and steaks are available for the non-pork eaters.
F. But too much of alcohol or wine is sure to bum up something inside you, which won’t be calories but a certain organ of the body.
G. A peaceful walk can also help you to relax as you are bathed in the sunshine — oxygen and vitamin D — while you bum up calories in a favorite manner.
【答案】
【语篇解读】这篇短文讲述了一些保持健康的习惯。
2. E 【解析】考场上下文理解推理能力。整段是介绍要吃得健康。上句介绍如何吃早餐对健康有益，下句介绍如何吃晚餐，由此推知该句应该表示如何安排午餐。E项意为＂午餐可以是清淡的，也许是蔬菜、奶酪——鸡肉和牛排可以供不吃猪肉的人食用＂，符合语境。故选E。
3. A 【解析】考查上下文理解推理能力。根据下一段第一句就概括了整段内容，锻炼至关重要。推知本段的标题应该与锻炼有关。A项译为＂做运动是必须的。＂符合语境。故选A。
4. C 【解析】考查上下文理解推理能力。本段是如何对待吸烟。上一句说到人会对吸烟上瘾，那么推知下一句要表达尽量克服。C项译为＂下次你想要伸手去拿那个香烟包的时候，再想想。＂符合语境。故选C。
5. F 【解析】考查上下文理解推理能力。本段是关于酒。上句提到人们在高兴或者需要庆祝的时候都喜欢喝酒。下一句表示要咨询医生适不适合喝酒。那么此处应该分析酒是对身体有害的。F项译为＂但是太多的酒精或葡萄酒肯定会使你体内的某些东西变得不健康，这些东西不是卡路里，而是身体的某个器官。＂符合语境。故选F。
七、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The giant panda 1 (love) by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists 2 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very 3 (care) mother. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 4 (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural 5 (enemy) that would try to eat the little comforting pats. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 6 it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 7 more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 8 (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother ___9___ (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, 10 it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了大熊猫。
3. caring/careful 考查形容词。此处是现在分词或形容词作定语，放在名词前面，故填caring/careful。
4. to eat 考查非谓语动词。句意：甚至不去找吃的东西。此处是动词不定式放在不定代词后面作后置定语，故填to eat。
5. enemies 考查名词的复数。句意：任何气味都可能吸引自然界的敌人。自然界的敌人不止一个，应该用复数形式，故填enemies。
6. When/If 考查连词。句意；当它哭的时候，她会动摇。故用When/If。
7. for 考查介词 句意：妈妈继续照顾小熊猫两年多。此处表示一段时间，故用for。
8. its 考查代词。句意：小熊猫不再需要它妈妈的食物。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故用its。
9. drove 考查动词的时态。句意；然后，两年半后，妈妈让小熊猫离开。由此可知用一般过去时。
10. and 考查连词。句意：现在是她该有一个小宝宝的时间了，同时也是小熊猫该独立的时间了。此处表示并列，是一个并列句，故填and。
八、书面表达
学校规定学生必须穿校服上学，有些学生对此有意见。你班就此事进行了问卷调查。请根据下面表格里提示要点，用英语写一个100词左右的调查报告。可紧扣要点适当发挥，使意思连贯。
70%的学生赞成，其理由：
30%的学生反对，其理由：
你的意见
1. 平等，表明是学生；
2. 不比衣服，有利于学习。
1. 不好看（颜色、样式）；
2. 不能穿自己喜欢的衣服。
……
题目和开头已为你写好，不计入词数内。
Report on the Survey about Our School Uniform
Recently, our class has made a survey about the school rule that all the students have to wear the school uniform in the school.
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【参考范文】
Report on the Survey about Our School Uniform
Recently, our class has made a survey about the school rule that all the students have to wear the school uniform in the school. About 70% of the students would like to wear the school uniform. They say it is a symbol for students. Wearing the neat and tidy school uniform, they feel happy and equal and don't compare who is better dressed. They will pay more attention to their study instead of following the fashion.
About 30% of the students dislike the school uniform. They feel it looks ugly as the color is too dull and the style is simple and old. And they say they can't wear what they like best.
In my opinion, it's not important whether school uniform is fashionable. As students, we should be in school uniform in the school.
