2017-2018学年高一下学期期末考试备考满分冲刺专题
专题六 必修4重点语法 讲解部分
要点一：集合名词与主谓一致
1. (2017·江苏) The publication of Great Expectations, which ____________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【参考答案】C
【试题解析】考查主谓一致。本句是包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是Great Expectations是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据＂strengthened＂可知，＂被广泛阅读和得到高度评价＂发生在过去，故选C。
2. (2015·湖南) It is important to remember that success ___________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ___________ years to achieve.
A. is; takes B. are; takes
C. are; take D. is; take
【参考答案】A
【名师点睛】
本题旨在考查主谓一致原则，要求学生掌握这一原则及其用法，确定句子主语的单复数，不要受其他干扰项干扰而答错。主谓一致是指：（1）?语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。（2）?意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。?（3）?就近原则，即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语，?一般来说，主语为不可数名词，谓语用单数；主语为可数名词复数，谓语用复数。（4）就远原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于离它最远的主语，?一般来说，主语为不可数名词，谓语用单数，主语为可数名词复数，谓语用复数。
3. (2013·湖南) The university estimates that living expenses for international students ___________ around $8,450 a year, which ___________ a burden for some of them.
A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】考查主谓一致。句意：那所大学估计，对国际学生来说，一年的生活开销大约是8450美元，这对他们中某些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是living expenses，是复数，因此谓语动词用复数；第二空的主语是which，指代的是前面living expenses...a year整个句子，因此谓语动词用单数。
4. (2016·浙江) He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us.(改错)
______________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】was改成were
【知识讲解】
集合名词，也叫集体名词，是英语中表示某一群人或某一类物的集合体。有时候看上去是单数，但其实是复数。当它作主语时，谓语要根据情况来判定到底是单数还是复数，确保主谓一致才行。?具体说来有以下情况：
一、某些有生命的集合名词（表示人或者动物），本身有单、复数之分。
其为单数时，若作主语，则谓语可用单数和复数形式。主要依据说话者强调的重点而定，若强调许多个体，谓语用复数；若强调一个整体，则谓语用单数。其为复数时，不言而喻，谓语必须用复数。
※注意：此类名词单复数的意义并不完全相同，译为汉语时一定要当心，如army（一国之军队），armies（多国部队）；couple（一对夫妇），couples（多对夫妇）等。
常见的此类集合名词有：army，association，audience，band，board，cast，class，club，college，committee，company，community，congregation（教民，会众），council（市议会，理事会），couple，crew，crowd，enemy，family，firm，flock，folk，government，group，kingdom，mob（暴民，暴徒），navy，opposition，orchestra，pack，pair，party，personnel，profession，population，staff，school，team，tribe（部落，部民），union，university等。?
【注】有时没有特定的上下文，谓语单数或复数区别不大。
?The public are [is] requested not to leave litter in the park. 要求公众在公园不要乱扔东西。
二、某些有生命的集合名词，本身无复数形式，作主语时，谓语通常用复数。
这类集合名词本身就表达出＂一群人或其他＂的含义，所以谓语常用复数。
常见的此类集合名词有： cattle，clergy，faculty（教职工），?herd，mankind，military，militia（民团、民兵），people，police，poultry（家禽），swine（猪），womankind等。?
【注】people作＂民族＂讲时有复数形式。
?There?are?56?peoples?in?China.
中国有56个民族。
三、某些有生命的集合名词，本身无复数形式，其后可跟单／复数谓语动词。
常见的此类集合名词有：bourgeoisie（资产阶级），church，elite（精英），gentry，intelligentsia（知识分子），laity（外行），livestock，majority，minority，proletariat（无产阶级），offspring等。?
【注】youth除了作集合名词以外，还可以作可数和不可数名词。
?Youth?is?the?time?for?action; age?is?the?time?for?repose.
年少要动，年老要静。
?Some?youths?don’t?like?jazz.
一些年轻人不喜欢爵士音乐。
四、某些表示国家、公司、机构、运动队等名称的专有名词也可当作集合名词使用，其后通常跟单／复数谓语动词。
机构、队伍等名称作主语时，谓语需要根据语境来判定——如果强调其作为一个整体，则用单数形式；如果强调其中的多个个体，则用复数形式。
常见的此类集合名词有：Arsenal，BBC，Congress，Liverpool，Netherlands，Parliament，Pentagon，Vatican（梵蒂冈），White?House等。?
这是个很清楚的例子，第一句强调的是作为一个队伍的整体，第二句则强调队伍里的每个球员，所以第一句谓语是单数，而第二句谓语是复数。
五、某些含义上是集合名词，但实际本身就是不可数名词（表示物）通常被看成不可数名词，作主语时谓语用单数。
常见的此类集合名词有：aircraft，baggage，?clothing，crockery，cutlery（刀剪，餐具），equipment，foliage（树叶），furniture，glassware，hardware，jewellery，luggage，machinery，poetry，pottery，silverware，stationery(文具)，underclothing，underwear，vegetation等。
5. (2017·天津) Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard...as… (把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语along with连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。
【特别注意】关于主谓一致：
1. 当用作主语的成分后面跟由but，except，besides，including，like，with，as well as，along with，in addition to，combined with，rather than，together with等引出的短语时，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致(即与比较远的那个主语保持一致，简称＂就远原则＂)。
?Tom as well as his parents goes to the park every Sunday.
汤姆和他的父母每个星期天都去公园。
2. 不定式(短语)、动名词(短语) 或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
?Serving the people is my greatest happiness.
为人民服务是我最大的幸福。
3. 当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or, either...or...,neither...nor..., not only...but also...等连接时，谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致(即与比较近的那个主语保持一致，简称＂就近原则＂)。
?Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.
学生和老师都不知道这事。
要点二：动名词作主语
1. (2016·新课标全国卷II) Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.
【参考答案】is
2. (2015·安徽) ___________ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
A. Ignore B. Ignoring
C. Ignored D. Having ignored
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】句意：忽视这两项研究结果的差异将会是你所犯的最严重的错误之一。句子缺少主语，ignore的逻辑主语是you，两者是主动关系，且此处不表示完成，因此用动名词的一般式作主语，故选B。
【知识讲解】
一、概念
动名词由＂动词原形+ing＂构成。英语动名词是非谓动词的一种形式。从形式上，是在动词原形的末尾加上-ing，否定形式为not doing。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称动名词。它也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示。但要注意：不及物动词没有语态的变化。
形式
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
doin
being do
e
完成式
having done
having been done
二、动名词的特点
1. 它是从动词变化而来的，所以它保留了动词的某些特征，例如它能带自己的宾语、状语等，这时就叫动名词短语；
2. 顾名思义，动名词最大的特点是它相当于一个名词，因此，动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。因为它作为名词来使用，所以动名词也有像名词一样的所有格形式。
三、动名词的用法
一、作主语
1. 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态，谓语动词通常用单数。
?Walking is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old.
无论对年轻人和老年人来讲，走路都是一种很好的锻炼方式。
?Watching news on TV has become a routine for me.
在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。
?Asking a woman’s age is impolite in our country.
在我们国家，问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。
2. 作主语时常后置，此时须用it作形式主语，用形容词或名词(短语)作表语。
常用此种情况的形容词有dangerous, worthwhile, useless等；名词或名词短语有no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time 等。
?It’s dangerous swimming in the sea on windy days.
有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。
?It’s no use making an excuse for this.
为这件事找借口是没有用的。
?It’s a waste of time talking about such a useless thing.
谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。
3. (2014·湖南) ___________ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
A. Understanding B. To be understood
C. Being understood D. Having understood
【参考答案】A
注意：
1. 动名词作主语时表示单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式。
?Walking after supper is good for your health.
饭后走走路有益健康。
2. 动名词的复合结构( sb’s doing)作主语
动名词的复合结构是指物主代词、名词所有格是动名词逻辑上的主语；动名词是其逻辑上的谓语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
?Your coming made us happy.
你的到来让我们很高兴。
?Your father’s cooking is very good.
你爸爸做的饭很好吃。
3. 动名词与不定式作主语时的比较：动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作；不定式则通常表示具体的动作。
?As a child, she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure.
作为一个孩子，她认为去看望病人是一种责任，也是一件乐事。
?Being a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me.
去美国人家里做客对我来说是一次很好的经历。
?To go on like this is useless. (=It is useless to go on like this.)
继续这样下去是没有用的。
要点三：动名词作宾语
1. (2017·新课标全国卷I) Fast food is (be) full of fat and salt; by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【参考答案】eating
2. (2017·新课标全国卷II) This included digging up the road, ___________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
【参考答案】laying
【试题解析】考查动词，这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式，故填laying。
3. (2017·新课标全国卷III)But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ____________ (rest).
【参考答案】resting
【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语：spend time doing sth. 花费时间做某事。
4. (2016·新课标全国卷I) My ambassadorial duties will include ___________(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
【参考答案】introducing
【试题解析】考查动名词。介词后面应该用动名词形式作宾语。
5. (2014·辽宁) Keep (hold) your position for a while.
【参考答案】holding
【试题解析】考查动名词。句意：保持这个姿势一段时间。keep后面接动名词holding。
6. (2016·新课标全国卷II) We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.(改错)
_________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】take→taking
【试题解析】考查并列结构。本句中动名词短语staying at home与taking a trip构成并列关系，都是介词between的宾语。
【知识讲解】
1. 只能接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand, excuse, fancy, give up, put off, risk, insist on, look forward, feel like等。
?Have you considered looking for one friend?
你是否考虑过找一位朋友？
?We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake.
我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。
注意：
当need, want, require, worth后面接动词-ing也可以表示被动(主动形式表示被动意义)。
?Your hair wants cutting.
你该剪头发了。
?That novel is not worth reading.
那本小说不值得读。
2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有begin, start, stop, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。
(1)在 like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。
(2)在 begin/start, continue之后, 用动名词和不定式意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。
(3)在动词forget, remember, regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同：动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示动作后于谓语动作发生。
?I remember posting the letter.
我记得我已把信寄了。
?I’ll remember to post the letter.
我会记着去寄信的。
(4)在try, mean之后，用动名词与不定式意义各不相同，如 try to do (设法做某事)，try doing (尝试做某事)，mean to do (打算/有意要做某事)，mean doing (意思是/意味着做某事)。
?We must try to get everything done in time.
我们必须设法及时把一切做好。
?Let’ s try doing the working in some other way.
我们用别的方法做这工作试试。
(5)在go on之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同：go on doing 继续做一直在做的事；go on to do 接着做另一件事。
?Please go on doing the same exercise.
请接着做这同一个练习。
?Please go on to do the other exercise.
请做另外一个练习。
(6)在stop之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同：stop doing 停止正在做的事；stop to do停下正在做的事去做另一件事。
?We stopped talking.
我们停止了交谈。
?We stopped to talk.
我们停了下来去谈话。
3. 作介词宾语
?We’ve got to think of ways of changing people’s habits.
我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。
?After being away for several years, it is a strange experience to return to the hometown.
离开几年之后再回到家乡，感觉有点怪。
?I insist on taking enough food for this trip.
我坚持为这次出行带足食物。
?She was very interested in working for our company.
她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。
★下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或动名词。如devote…to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to, be used to等。
要点四：v-ing形式作定语
1. (2017·北京) The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _____________ from butterflies to elephants.
A. ranging B. range
C. to range D. ranged
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，故选A。
2. (2017·浙江改编) For new reporters, this can seem like a ______________(challenge) task.
【参考答案】challenging
【知识讲解】
v-ing形式作定语
1. 单个的v-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般有两种含义：
(1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room= a room for reading 阅览室
a working method = a method of working 工作方法
a walking stick 手杖
a singing competition 歌咏比赛
(2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近于一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody一个令人困惑的问题
?The working people are masters of our country.
劳动人民是我们国家的主人。
2. 作定语的v-ing形式如果是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。
?The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory.
装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去。
?They lived in a house facing south.
他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
3. 有些情况下，v-ing形式不能用来作定语，必须使用定语从句。
(1)作定语的v-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如果两者不能同时发生，则需使用定语从句。
【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.
【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.
昨天来的教授将要给我们做一个讲座。
(2)v-ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。
【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。
3. (2016·浙江) To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study __________ in Australia in 2012.
A. having conducted B. to be conducted
C. conducting D. conducted
【参考答案】D
4. (2017·北京) Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _____________ with his students.
A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】句意：Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语，空格只能填非谓语动词，逻辑主语是time，和spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spent。
【特别注意】
v-ing形式可以单独作定语，也可以构成合成词作定语，但是在更多情况下是分词短语作定语，包括限制性和非限制性(用逗号和其他部分分开)，在意义上相当于一个定语从句。v-ing形式作定语表示主动和动作正在进行；v-ed形式作定语表示被动和动作已经完成；to do表示动作尚未发生。
?The baby recognized his mother’s smiling face.
那个婴儿能认出他妈妈的笑脸。
?The lecture, starting at 7:00 p. m. last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
昨晚7:00开始的那个讲座之后是用望远镜观察月亮。
要点五：v-ing形式作状语
1. (2017·天津)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____________ more patients to be treated.
A. being allowed B. allowing
C. having allowed D. allowed
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】句意：近期这个医院得到了新的医疗设备，更多的病人能够得到治疗。前句这个医院得到了新的医疗设备和后面更多的病人能够得到治疗之间是必然的因果关系，用现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。equipment与allow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词的一般式。A. being allowed 表示被动且正在进行；C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动作发生；D. allowed 表示被动且完成。故选B。
2. (2016·北京) ______________ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
A. Ordering B. To order
C. Having ordered D. Ordered
【参考答案】D
3. (2016·浙江) I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do ______________with students.
A. working B. work
C. to work D. worked
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】句意：我在海上航行和现在和学生一起一样快乐。使用非谓语动词作状语，I和work是主动关系，用现在分词作方式状语。故选A。
【知识讲解】
二、v-ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式(短语)可以在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，用来表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。表示时间、原因或条件时，通常位于句子的前部；表示方式、伴随或结果时，通常位于句子的后部。
1. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句
?Hearing the noise, I turned round.=When I heard the noise, I turned round. 听到响声我转过身去。
2. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句
?Being too young, he couldn’t join the army.=Because he was too young, he couldn’t join the army.因为年轻，他不能参军。
3. 作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句
?Working hard, you’ll succeed.=If you work hard, you’ll succeed. 努力工作，你会成功的。
4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句
动词-ing短语作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时它的前面可带有连词although，whether，even if，even though等。
?Admitting what she said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.=Although/Though I admit what she said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best. 尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。
5. 作方式状语或伴随状语
?He walked down the river, singing softly to himself.=He walked down the river and sang softly to himself. 他沿着河流一边走，一边轻轻地唱。
6. 表示结果，作结果状语，相当于结果状语从句。
通常放在句末，中间有逗号隔开，表示一种自然的、顺理成章的结果。
?His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan.=His parents died in the war so that he became an orphan. 他的父母在战争中死亡，以致他成了孤儿。
4. (2015·北京)___________the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
A. Catching B. Caught
C. To catch D. Catch
【参考答案】C
【特别注意】
不一样的结果状语
现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。
【拓展延伸】动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项：
1. 动词-ing形式的时态
动词-ing(短语)作状语时，要注意它的时间性，即注意是用其一般式(doing)还是用完成式(having done)。
当动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用一般式。当它的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用完成式。
?Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine. 我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
?Having finished the letter, he went to post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的。)
2. 动词-ing形式的否定式
动词-ing形式的否定式是在它的前面加not。
?Not seeing John, I asked where he was. 我看不见约翰，于是问他在什么地方。
3. 动词-ing形式的语态
使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。
?Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(they是被带领着参观) 被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
4. 动词-ing形式作评注性状语
有少数动词-ing(短语)并不表示主语的动作，即不存在其逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致的问题，只是表示说话人的态度。常这样用的有：
generally/frankly/properly/...speaking一般/坦白/恰当……说来
judging from/by...从……判断
considering...考虑到……
supposing...假设……
要点六：构词法
1. (2017·新课标全国卷I)However, be (care) not to go to extremes.
【参考答案】careful
【试题解析】考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
2. (2017·新课标全国卷II)Steam engines were used(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ____________(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
【参考答案】fairly
【试题解析】考查副词，这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly。
3. (2017·浙江)This development was only possible with the (1) (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most (2) (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
【参考答案】(1)introduction (2)successful
【试题解析】
(1)考查词性转换。空格前是the，后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction。
(2)考查形容词。空格前是most，其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful。
4. (2016·新课标全国卷II) Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ___________ (achieve).
【参考答案】achievement
【试题解析】考查名词。横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词作为of的宾语。所给词是动词achieve，其名词形式是加后缀构成achievement。句意：那么首先处理最重要的事情，那么你会有成就感。
5. (2015·新课标全国卷II) As (1) (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ____(2)____ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
【参考答案】(1)natural (2)how
6. (2017·新课标全国卷III)I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums.
____________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】(1)difference→different (2)late→latest
【试题解析】
(1)考查形容词。修饰名词kinds应该用形容词形式。
(2)考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知此处指最新的音乐唱片，故把late改为latest。
7. (2017·新课标全国卷I)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.
____________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】eighteen→eighteenth
8. (2017·新课标全国卷I)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
____________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】(1)suddenly→sudden (2)on改为of
【试题解析】
(1)考查形容词。句意：我来了个紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示＂意外地，忽然地＂。sudden为形容词，表示＂突然的；迅速的＂，修饰名词stop用形容词，故将suddenly改为sudden。a sudden stop表示＂急刹车＂。
(2)考查介词。分析语境可知此处表示＂在路中间急刹车＂，on the road表示＂在路上＂，the middle of the road表示＂路的中央＂，强调的是＂the middle＂，故将on改为of。
【知识讲解】
在英语中，词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。
一、合成
合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方式(有的合成词写在一起，有的中间需加连字符，有的是分开写的两个)。合成词的词义可以根据各个组成部分的意思加以推断。构成合成词的几个词可以是词性相同的词，也可以是词性不同的词。高中阶段常见的合成形式有：
合成名词
notebook 笔记本 classroom 教室
blackboard 黑板 second language第二语言
合成形容词
lifelong 毕生的 second-hand 二手的
man-made 人工的 widespread 广泛的
合成动词
underline 画线标出 whitewash 粉饰
broadcast 广播 download 下载
二、转化
不增加任何成分，不改变词形，把一个单词由一种词性转化为另外一种词性的构词法叫转化法。高中阶段常见的转化形式有：
名词→动词
button纽扣→button扣上纽扣
形容词→动词
correct正确的→correct改正
动词→名词
feed喂养→feed一餐；一顿
形容词→名词
native本地的→native本地人
副词→动词
up在上面→up提高
三、派生
派生，是英语主要的构词法。这方法是借前缀或后缀之助，制造出派生词，主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。前缀以否定前缀-im/-is等为主，使延伸出来的派生词变成反义词。
(一)形容词加-ly变为副词
(二)动词/名词变形容词的后缀
(三)动词变名词的后缀
(四)形容词变名词的后缀
(五)常表示人的后缀
(六)表示否定或相反意义的前缀、后缀
(七)构成动词的前缀、后缀
2017-2018学年高一下学期期末考试备考满分冲刺专题
专题六 必修4重点语法 针对训练
一、语法填空
1. Where _______(be) the five dollars I lent you?
2. The number of the students in that school _______( have) greatly increased in recent years.
3. Few of his family _______(be) in support of him.
4. Every man and woman _______( have) gotten that hang of using computers in the company.
5. (2017·新课标全国卷I) When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
6. Here _______(come) three naughty boys from next door.
7. Neither Tom nor Jack _______(be) his student.
8. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编) Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ________(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
9. Every means _______(have) been tried but without any result.
10. Between the two rows of trees _______(stand) the teaching building.
11. Can you imagine yourself _______(stay) in a lonely island?
12. She didn’t mind _______ overtime. (work)
13. She was praised for _______ the life of the child. (save)
14. She ought to be praised instead of _______. (criticize).
15. He came to the party without _______. (invite)
16. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编) It took three years to complete and was built (use) an interesting method.
17. (2017·新课标全国卷III改编) Sarah was told / has been told (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel ________(earn) a million dollars in the next year.
18. (2017·浙江改编) Others say it’s only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, ________(see) it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.
19. (2017·浙江改编)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came ________(run) from the house.
20. (2017·北京改编)TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing, ________ (bring) a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month.
21. (2017·新课标全国卷III)She is determined to carry on with her (educate).
22. (2017·新课标全国卷III)It is (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
23. (2016·新课标全国卷I) The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
24. (2016·新课标全国卷III)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ____ ___ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the ________ (develop) of chopsticks.
25. (2016·上海) Do you find yourself getting impatient or ________ (annoy) with people over unimportant things?
26. (2016·四川) Any smell might attract natural _________ (enemy) that would try to eat the little comforting pats.
27. (2015·新课标全国卷II) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________ (able) to ＂air condition＂ a house without ____ ____ (use) electric equipment.
28. (2014·新课标全国卷II) Just be _________ (patience).
29. (2014·新课标全国卷II) There were many people waiting at the bus stop, some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint).
30. (2014·辽宁) My legs become _________ (pain).
【答案】
1. is 2. has
3. are 4. has
5. are removed 6. come
7. is 8. were use; fairly
9. has 10. stands
11. staying 12. working
13. saving 14. criticizing
15. being invited 16. using
17. earning 18. seeing
19. running 20. bringing
21. education 22. certainly
23. officially 24. who; development
25.?annoyed 26. enemies
27. ability; using 28. patient
29. and; disappointed 30. painful
二、单句改错
All that can be done have been done.
__________________________________________________________________________________
This kind of orange taste very delicious.
__________________________________________________________________________________
More than six men was killed in the accident.
__________________________________________________________________________________
A good deal of money have been spent on books.
__________________________________________________________________________________
Mr. Smith, together with his children, have arrived.
__________________________________________________________________________________
This is one of the best novels that has appeared this year.
__________________________________________________________________________________
Both the singer and the painter has agreed to come to my party.
__________________________________________________________________________________
The population of China are larger than that of any other country in the world.
__________________________________________________________________________________
When and where to build the new factory have not been decided.
__________________________________________________________________________________
What you said just now have something to do with that matter we are discussing.
__________________________________________________________________________________
11. (2017·新课标全国卷I) The instructor kept repeating the word, ＂Speed up!＂ ＂Slow down!＂ ＂Turning left!＂
___________________________________________________________________________________
12. (2014·辽宁) The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.
___________________________________________________________________________________
13. (2016·新课标全国卷III) I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
___________________________________________________________________________________
14. (2015·四川) We’ve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.
___________________________________________________________________________________
15. (2015·陕西) My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!
___________________________________________________________________________________
16. (2017·新课标全国卷II) In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
___________________________________________________________________________________
17. (2016·新课标全国卷I) My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.
___________________________________________________________________________________
18. (2016·新课标全国卷I) Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.
___________________________________________________________________________________
19. (2016·新课标全国卷III) At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.
___________________________________________________________________________________
20. (2016·四川) Mom was grateful and moving.
___________________________________________________________________________________
21. (2016·浙江)When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.
___________________________________________________________________________________
22. (2016·浙江) It?was?both?excited?and?frightening?to?be?up?there!
___________________________________________________________________________________
23. (2015·陕西) Mum taught me some basic step of baking.
___________________________________________________________________________________
24. (2015·浙江) On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.
___________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. have→has 2. taste→tastes
3. was→were 4. have→has
5. have→has 6. has→have
7. has→have 8. are→is
9. have→has 10. have→has
11. Turning→Turn 12. have→has
13. wear→wearing 14. sing→singing
15. enjoy→enjoying 16. interesting→interested; that→which
17. honest→honesty 18. stead→steadily
19. freely→free 20. moving→moved
21. children→child; late→later 22. excited→exciting
23. step→steps 24. easy→easily
三、完成句子
1. I can hardly imagine ___________________________________________(你能在这么短的时间内完成这么多工作).
2. ________________________________(在早上朗读英语) has been part of his daily life.
3. He has always insisted on _______________________________________(被送往国外学习).
4. —I usually go there by air.
—Why not ___________________________(尝试一下坐高铁去那儿).
5. No one enjoys _____________________(被嘲笑) in public places.
6. You must ______________________________________(就迟到一事向你的老师道歉).
7. How about the two of us_______________________________(去爬山) this afternoon?
【答案】
1. Your finishing so much work in such a short time
2. Reading English aloud in the morning
3. being sent to study abroad
4. try going there by high-speed railway
5. being laughed at
6. apologise to your teacher for your being late
7. going to climb the mountain
四、单项填空
1. (2014·湖南) All we need ___________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致及时态。句中的主语为代词All，指代的是物，故谓语动词用单数形式。再根据从句中的can可以判断用一般现在时。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种果树。
【名师点睛】
1. all指人时谓语动词用复数；指物时谓语用单数。
?Now all has been changed. 现在一切都已改变。
? ?＂All are present today, Mr Li.＂ answered the monitor. 班长回答说：＂李老师，今天大家全到了。＂
2. ?＂all + of +名词＂时，若of后为不可数名词，谓语用单数形式；若of后为复数名词或代词时，谓语用复数形式。
All?of?us?like sports. 我们所有人都喜欢体育运动。
2. (2013·江苏) Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ___________ essential to their development.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【参考答案】A
3. (2013·福建) The famous musician, as well as his students, ___________ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited B. was invited
C. have been invited D. has been invited
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致。as well as, together with, like等介词或介词短语连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与介词或介词短语之前的主语保持一致。此句介词短语前的主语是musician, 故可先排除A和C，句中有明确的表示过去的时间，动词应用一般过去时，所以答案为B。
4. _____________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A. Known B. Having known
C. Knowing D. Being known
【答案】C
【解析】动名词在本句中作主语，此处表示一般情况，用一般式；having known 是完成式，表示动作已经完成或先于谓语动词发生。句意：懂得一些基本的急救技巧将有助于你对紧急情况作出快速应对。
5. ____________how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing
【答案】A
【名师点睛】
动名词可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语，除用作动词的宾语外，还可用作介词的宾语。动名词前面可以加逻辑主语，这句话只有主语部分，要还原句子才能看出这是动名词作主语的。
6. (2015·北京) The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ___________.
A. recognizing B. being recognized
C. having recognized D. having been recognized
【答案】B
【解析】句意：那位电影明星戴上墨镜。所以，他去买东西不会被认出来。根据题中的介词without判断，此后应该使用动名词形式，由于他是被人认出的，所以应该用动名词的被动式，所以选B。
7. (2014·江西) When it comes to ___________ in public, no one can match him.
A. speak B. speaking C. being spoken D. be spoken
【答案】B
【解析】When it comes to sth. 是一固定句型，表示＂当谈到……＂，to 为介词，后接名词、代词、动名词，而此句子不含被动意思，因此B选项正确。being spoken 被说。句意：当谈到在公众场合演讲，没人能与他相比。
8. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ____________ to ruins, the city took on a new look.
A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced
【答案】C
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处应与前面的suffering并列，作介词after的宾语，同时动词reduce与逻辑主语the city之间构成动宾关系，所以用动名词的被动形式，故选C项。
【名师点睛】
考查动名词的用法。动名词可以作介词和动词的宾语，这里介词后面有两个并列的宾语，and后面是动名词，还要注意短语搭配be reduced to ruins。
9. Every teacher said Mike was a _____________ boy when in school.
A. promised B. promising
C. to promise D. promise
【答案】B
【解析】句意：每个老师都说迈克学生时代是个很有前途的男孩。此处作定语，修饰boy，应该用promising很有前途的。
10. This is one of the problems _____________ at the meeting at present.
A. discussed B. discussing
C. to be discussed D. being discussed
【答案】D
【解析】由四件状语at present可知是正在进行，problems和discuss之间是被动关系，故用现在分词的被动式being discussed作后置定语。
11. The picture _____________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging
C. hangs D. being hung
【答案】B
12. (2015·福建) In recent years an English word ＂infosphere＂ has appeared, ______________ the sense of ＂information＂ and ＂ atmosphere＂.
A. combine B. combined
C. combining D. being combined
【答案】C
【解析】句意：最近几年，一个叫做infosphere的英语单词出现了，结合了＂信息＂和＂气氛＂这两个单词。combine与infosphere之间是主动关系，此处用现在分词作后置定语，故选C。
13. (2015·大纲全国卷) Today there are more airplanes ______________ more people than ever before in the skies.
A. carry B. carrying
C. carried D. to be carrying
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在分词作定语。句意：现在比以前有更多的飞机运送乘客。此处airplane和carry之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故选B。
14. (2014·北京) Last night, there were millions of people ______________ the opening ceremony live on TV.
A. watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching
【答案】D
15. (2015·天津) __________ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A. To work B. Worked
C. To be working D. Having worked
【答案】D
【解析】句意：工作了两天，Steve成功地按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，这里用having worked，表示动作的先后性。故选D。
16. (2015·湖南) When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ______________ whether to stay or leave.
A. wondering B. wonder
C. to wonder D. wondered
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v -ing形式作伴随状语，故选A。句意：当那个小职员看到一张善良的面孔泛起皱纹并歉意地一笑时，她像生了根一样站在那儿，不知道是走还是留。
17. (2015·天津) __________ in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
A. To absorb B. To be absorbed
C. Absorbed D. Absorbing
【答案】C
【解析】句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，此处在句中作状语，故选C。
18. (2016·天津)The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ______________ air conditioning unnecessary.
A. making B. to make
C. made D. being made
【答案】A
四、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In a great many cities, hundreds of people ride bikes to work every day. In New York, some bike riders have even formed a group called Bike for a Better City. They declare that if more people rode bikes to work, there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown part of the city and so less dirty air from car engines.
For several years, this group had been trying to get the city government to help bike riders. For example, they want the city to draw special lanes(车道) for bikes on some of the main streets, because when bike riders must use the same lanes as cars there are accidents. Bike for a Better City feels that if there were special lanes, more people would use bikes.
But no bike lanes have been drawn. Not everyone thinks it is a good idea — they say it will slow traffic. Some store owners on the main streets don’t like the idea — they say that if there is less traffic, they will have less business.
The city government has not yet decided what to do. It wants to keep everyone happy. On weekends, Central Park — the largest place open ground in New York — is closed to cars, and the roads may be used by bikes only.
1. In NewYork, a group of bike riders____________.
A. are keeping practicing for health
B. have no cars of their own
C. are complaining there are not enough buses
D. are trying to settle the problem of air pollution
2. The bike riders suggest that ____________.
A. bikes should be used instead of cars
B. bike lanes should be drawn
C. fewer buses or cars should be used
D. the number of special lanes should be decreased
3. The advantage of the special lanes is that____________.
A. they will make cars and buses run slowly
B. they will make it easier for bike riders to go to parks
C. they will make the city more beautiful
D. they will prevent accidents
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文介绍了一个倡导骑自行车的组织Bike for a Better City，他们要求市政府在一些主要街道上画出专门的自行车车道，来减少交通事故和污染。
3. D 【解析】细节理解题。结合＂when bike riders must use the same lanes as cars there are accidents. Bike for a Better City feels that if there were special lanes, more people would use bikes＂和＂they say that if there is less traffic, they will have less business＂可知答案为D。
五、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It seems that everyone is travelling on holidays these days. During the travel season, roads, buses, trains and airports are packed. 1 , and getting a seat at a restaurant may be impossible. You can fight these troubles alone, or you can travel, as I do, in a group led by a tour guide.
If you travel in a group, the guide will arrange everything for you. 2 . Prices are often cheaper as well, because a tour group can often get group prices and the best deals for nearly everything.
3 . Most people do not know much about the history of an attraction and interesting stories related to it. The guide’s expert knowledge will help make the trip more interesting.
If you travel in a group, you can also make more friends. 4 . Often, friendships make the trip more interesting.
5 . Your trip will be cheaper, more comfortable, more interesting and more rewarding if you travel this way rather than by travelling alone.
A. Hotels are full as well
B. If someone gets ill, others go to his or her aid
C. Taking part in a group is a fully preparatory plan
D. Your tour guide is often an expert in the places you visit
E. Using tour guides and travelling in a group is the best way to travel
F. There will be no need to worry about hotel or restaurant reservations
G. After all, the travelling companies who have been doing this job for long time
【答案】
【语篇解读】文章介绍跟导游，跟团旅游的好处——更便宜，更舒服，更有趣。
3. D 【解析】根据下文的句子＂The guide’s expert knowledge will help make the trip more interesting.＂可知这里是：你的导游是你参观地方的专家。故选D。
4. B 【解析】根据上文的句子＂If you travel in a group, you can also make more friends.＂可知这里是：如果有人生病了，其他人会帮助他。故选B。
5. E 【解析】根据下文的句子＂Your trip will be cheaper, more comfortable, more interesting and more rewarding＂（跟团旅游会更便宜，更舒服，更有趣，更值得。）可知这里是：用导游，跟团旅游是最好的旅游方式。故选E。
六、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ciro Ortiz, an 11-year-old kid, has recently set up shop in a New York subway station. He offers five-minute ＂ 1 advice＂ sessions to passers-by for $2.
Every Sunday, Ciro Ortiz spends about two hours at the Bedford 2 station, sitting at a folding table with a cardboard sign that 3 ＂emotional advice $2＂. Believe it or not, people actually do 4 for some pearls of __5__ from the ＂emotional advice kid＂. They ask him about all 6 of things from relationships and career advice to Donald Trump —the 45th US President-elect. He does his 7 to help them find the answer to their problems.
Ciro’s dad doesn’t make much money. One night Ciro was just inspired to try an idea of 8 he could make his own. His father 9 the idea and the next day they went into Williamsburg and set up the 10 on the street.
Ciro was surprisingly 11 with passers-by, and he’s been doing it ever 12 . On a good day, he’ll __13__ about $50, but it’s not just money that 14 him. Ciro was bullied(欺凌) at school in the past, which inspired him to 15 his entrepreneurial(创业) spirit in the temporary emotional advice desk, 16 the much more popular lemonade stand.
Plus, Ciro is 17 really good at giving people emotional advice. A woman came up to his father and said what Ciro told her was what she’d been 18 in her gut(直觉) that whole time. He was really nervous and __19__of himself in the beginning, but after a few Sundays, he started coming home telling his mother, ＂I’ve met so many wonderful people. I will 20 having so many friends.＂
1. A. physical B. emotional C. mental D. legal
2. A. subway B. service C. railway D. comfort
3. A. writes B. announces C. reads D. shows
4. A. stand by B. stop by C. pass by D. get by
5. A. significance B. interest C. value D. wisdom
6. A. sorts B. costs C. means D. directions
7. A. happiest B. most C. best D. worst
8. A. when B. what C. why D. how
9. A. approved of B. appealed to
C. complained of D. stuck to
10. A. base B. stand C. branch D. goal
11. A. familiar B. content C. popular D. careful
12. A. then B. there C. before D. since
13. A. demand B. earn C. collect D. withdraw
14. A. attracts B. serves C. overcomes D. motivates
15. A. involve B. admire C. recover D. suit
16. A. other than B. more than C. less than D. rather than
17. A. apparently B. voluntarily C. personally D. fortunately
18. A. thinking B. seeking C. feeling D. hunting
19. A. unaware B. uncertain C. independent D. innocent
20. A. take up B. turn to C. end up D. admit to
【答案】
【语篇解读】十一岁的西罗奥尔蒂斯在纽约的威廉斯堡地铁站摆了一个简易桌给过路人提供情感咨询，每5分钟收费2美元。他做得很不错，大受欢迎，还交了很多朋友。
4. B 人们的确在他那里＂停下来＂。
5. D 人们的确在他那里停下来，寻求一些＂金玉良言＂。 pearls of wisdom:好主意、金玉良言。
6. A 人们向他询问＂各种各样的＂事情。
7. C 他＂尽最大努力＂帮助他们找到问题的答案。
8. D 他父亲赚钱不多。一天晚上西罗受到启发，要去自己试试＂如何＂能够赚到钱的主意。
9. A 他父亲＂赞成＂这个主意。
10. B 第二天，他们就到威廉斯堡地铁站支起了那个＂摊位＂。下文有提示。
11. C 西罗出奇地受到路人的＂欢迎＂。
12. D ＂从此＂，他就一直在那里做这个事情。
13. B 天气好的话，他会＂赚到＂大约50美元。
14. D 但是，并不仅仅是钱＂激励＂了他。
15. A 他过去在学校受到同学的欺凌，这激励着他把创业精神＂倾注于＂暂时的情感咨询中。involve sth. in(to)…导入、贯注于、把……倾注于……中。
16. D 他把创业精神倾注于暂时的情感咨询中，＂而不是＂(摆一个)更受欢迎的柠檬摊。
17. A 此外，西罗＂显然＂真的善于给人们提供情感建议。
18. C 西罗所告诉她的正是那段时间她的直觉所＂感受＂的东西。
19. B 刚开始，他很紧张，对自己＂没信心＂。
20. C 他告诉他妈妈说，＂我‘最终’会有很多朋友。＂
七、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Bob: Hi, Mary. I know that you had lived in China for nearly twenty years before you 1 (come) here. I’ve planned to visit China next year. Could you tell me when is the 2 (good) time to go there??
Mary: The most comfortable time to visit China is either between March and May or between September and early November. During these months, the weather is 3 (particular) pleasant throughout the country, neither too hot 4 nor too cold.?
Bob: OK. You know I’m 5 (interest)in tasting all kinds of food all over the world. How about the 6 food??
Mary: Well, Chinese food is delicious and reasonably 7 (price). What is even 8 (good) is that restaurants do not ask for or accept tips.?
Bob: But 9 do I order the food? I know nothing about Chinese.
Mary: Language can be a problem in China, especially for first-time visitors. Therefore, it is a good idea to learn some 10 (base)words and phrases before you get there. Moreover, you can carry an English-Chinese pocket dictionary.?
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文是鲍勃和玛丽就来中国旅游这一话题所展开的对话。
3. particularly 句意：在这些月份，整个国家的天气都特别宜人，既不是太热也不是太冷。particularly尤其，特别。
4. nor neither…nor…既不……也不……，为固定搭配。
5. interested be interested in对……感兴趣。
6. Chinese 由下一句中的Chinese food可知。
7. priced food与price之间为被动关系，故填priced。
8. better 由设空处前的副词even可知，设空处应为形容词的比较级形式(even用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级)，故答案为better。
9. how 此处表示＂我该如何点餐＂，表示方式，故填how。
10.basic basic words and phrases基本词汇和短语。
八、短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
It was raining hardly outside, that made it difficult for me to go home for lunch. Just as I was wondering what I should eat at noon, I saw a familiar figure passed by our classroom. I rushed out and it was my mother, who is already in the fifties, that brought me lunch, in spite the heavy rain. In China, many parents make great sacrifices for our children. But what had the children done in return? All too often, most children just take it for granted that their parents should serve for them unconditionally. My dear mum or dad, thank you very much for bringing me up. How shall I do for you?
【答案】
It was raining outside, made it difficult for me to go home for lunch. Just as I was wondering what I should eat at noon, I saw a familiar figure by our classroom. I rushed out and it was my mother, who is already in fifties, that brought me lunch, in spite the heavy rain. In China, many parents make great sacrifices for children. But what the children done in return? All too often, most children just take it for granted that their parents should serve them unconditionally. My dear mum dad, thank you very much for bringing me up. shall I do for you?
第一处：hardly→hard 副词hardly意为＂几乎不＂。副词hard修饰动词rain，在句中充当状语，意为＂雨下得很大＂。
第二处：that→which 关系代词which指代前面一句话的内容，在从句中作主语。句意：外面雨下得很大，这让我很难外出吃午饭。
第三处：passed→passing see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事。句意：我看见一个熟悉的身影正从我们班级旁边经过。
第四处：the→her in one’s fifties在某人五十几岁的时候。句意：我冲出去了，这是我那已经五十几岁的妈妈给我送来了午饭。
第八处：去掉serve后的for serve在此意为＂服务＂，是一个及物动词，后面要直接加宾语，介词for是多余的。
第九处：or→and 句意：我亲爱的妈妈和爸爸，感谢你们把我抚养大。连词or表示选择，and表示并列。根据句意可知使用and表示顺承关系。
第十处：How→What 句意：我能为你们做什么呢？应用what引出特殊疑问句，what在从句中充当动词do的宾语，表示＂什么＂。
九、书面表达
根据以下信息提示，写一篇英语短文。
1. 人们通常使用口头语言进行交流，但是在日常生活中，人们也会广泛地使用身体语言。(in general)
2. 很显然，在整个人类历史中，人们频繁地使用身体语言进行交流。(throughout;frequently)
3. 身体语言和口头语言一样重要，例如，当你的朋友伤心的时候，一个微笑或许比语言更有用。(cheer up; make sense)
4. 同样地，在嘈杂的环境下，使用身体语言去交流会更加容易。(be surrounded by;in this case)
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【参考范文】
People in general communicate with others by spoken language. However, body language is widely used in our daily life as well. And it is obvious that throughout human being’s history, people used body language to communicate with others frequently. Body language is as important as spoken language. For example, when your friend is depressed, a smile to cheer him up makes more sense than any words in my opinion. Similarly, when surrounded by noises, you cannot make yourself understood by words. In this case, body language including gestures can be used to express your ideas instead.?
