2017-2018学年高一下学期期末考试备考满分冲刺专题
专题三 必修3重点语法 讲解部分
要点一：情态动词(1)
1. (2017·北京) Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, __________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
【参考答案】C
【知识讲解】
情态动词本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对某一动作、状态或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。
情态动词的语法特征：
1. 情态动词有一定的意义，只表示期待或估计某事的发生，不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情。
2. 没有人称和数的变化，即情态动词无第三人称单数形式，也无过去形式。
3. 不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语。
4. 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。
情态动词的分类：
1. 只作情态动词：must, can(could), may(might), ought to
2. 可作情态动词又可作实义动词：need, dare
3. 可作情态动词又可作助动词：shall(should), will(would)
4. 具有情态动词特征：have(had, has) to, used to
情态动词的位置：
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前；疑问句中，情态动词放在主语之前。
情态动词的特点：
情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形，否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去、现在和将来。情态动词没有被动语态。
【特别提醒】
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想。
2. (2015·北京)—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late. I really ___________ go now. My daughter is home alone.
A. may B. can C. must D. dare
【参考答案】C
【归纳概括】
常见重要情态动词的用法
1. can的用法
(1)表能力。
【特别提醒】
can表示一贯的能力，be able to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力。
(2)表推测，只能用于否定句与疑问句中。
【特别提醒】
can 用在肯定句中表示一时的可能性。
(3)表示允许(和may意思相近)，常见于口语。
(4)比较委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
2. could的用法
(1)表过去的能力。
(2)表＂允许＂。可表示委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
(3)表推测(=may/might)，可用于肯定句中。
【名师点睛】
can/could have done ＂本可以/本来可能已经＂，用于肯定句中表对过去发生的行为的可能性进行推测。
3. may/might 的用法
(1)表示请求、可以、允许，多用于肯定和疑问句中。
【名师点睛】
在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其他方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Yes, you may /can./ Please don’t. / You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t. / No, you can’t.
(2)may /might 表推测，意为＂可能＂(用于肯定和否定句中；might 比may可能性更小；may not 可能不，can not不可能)。
(3)may/might as well＂还是……的好＂。
(4)may表祝愿。
【名师点睛】
1. might 比may 语气更委婉。may/might表示推测时，表示对现在或将来要发生的事情把握不大；might/may have done表示对过去发生的动作进行的可能性推测。
2. may/might表示推测时，只能用于陈述句，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作的可能性把握不大。
【特别提醒】
might 可用于指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小。
4. must的主要用法
(1)表示必须，多出于义务、责任或强制命令 (must提问，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to).
(2)表推测，含有＂一定＂之意。must 表示推测时，只能用于肯定句。must do 对一般时的肯定推测；must be doing 对现在正在进行的动作进行肯定推测；must have done 对过去发生的事情作出的肯定推测。
(3)must 的否定式有两个： needn’t或don’t have to，表示＂不必＂＂无须＂＂用不着＂＂不一定＂。当表示＂不应该＂＂不许可＂＂禁止＂时，就用must not。
(4)比较have to和must
①have to 表示客观的需要；must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。
②have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。
③在否定结构中：don’t have to表示＂不必＂，mustn’t表示＂禁止＂。
(5)用于发生了某种与说话人的愿望相反、不受欢迎的事时，意思是＂偏偏＂＂偏要＂。
5. ought to 的用法
should 和ought to 都为＂应该＂的意思，可用于各种人称。ought to的否定形式ought not to可缩略为oughtn’t to。
6. shall的用法
(1)表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称的疑问句。意为＂要不要……＂。
(2)表说话人的意愿，有＂命令、允诺、警告、决心＂等意思，用于第二、第三人称的陈述句。
(3)在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为＂应，必须＂。
7. should的用法
(1)表义务。意为＂应该＂，用于各种人称。
(2)表推测，意为＂想必一定、照说应该、估计＂等。
(3)(表示不确定)意为＂万一＂＂竟然＂。
【名师点睛】
should/ought to have done表示责备或批评，意为＂本应该……但＂，ought to的语气更强烈，用于否定则表示＂本不该……但＂。
8. will/would
(1)表示意愿，will表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿。
(2)表示征求意见或提出请求，主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，will和would均可用，would 此时并不表过去，而表示委婉语气。
(3)表示习惯和倾向性。will表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习惯 (=used to do)。
(4)表示推测。will用于谈论现在，would可用于谈论过去，也可用于谈论现在(语气较委婉)。
【名师点睛】
1. Will /Would you do…? 表请求、意志、愿望、决心。
2. would可表过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为＂总是，总要＂；used to表过去常常(现在已没有这种习惯)，且used to 可与状态动词连用，而would不可以。
?He used to be a quiet boy. ( √ )
?He would be a quiet boy. ( × )
要点二：情态动词(2)
1. (2017·天津)My room is a mess, but I ___________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t
C. needn’t D. mustn’t
【参考答案】C
【名师点睛】
情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，这几个选项的意思各不相同，确定各自的含义，弄清它们的区别，再结合上下文语境就不难选择了。daren’t通常表示＂不敢＂，shouldn’t强调的是没有义务；needn’t表示＂不需要＂，强调必要性；mustn’t 表示＂不许＂，语气比较强烈，它们之间有明显不同。
【知识讲解】
特殊情态动词need和dare的用法
1. 用作情态动词，主要用于否定句和疑问句。
?You needn’t telephone him now.
?你不必现在就给他打电话。
?She dare not go out alone at night.
她晚上不敢独自出门。
2. 用作实义动词，可用于各种时态。
?You don’ t need to do it yourself.
你不必自己做这件事。
?The table needs painting (=to be painted).
桌子该喷漆了。
?We should dare to give our own opinion.
我们应该敢于说出自己的意见。
?He did not dare (to) look up.
他没敢往上看。
?I dare say he’ll come again.
我敢说他会再来的。
【特别提醒】
1. 陈述部分有must的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
?He must be a doctor, isn’t he?
他肯定是名医生，是吗？
?You must have studied English for three years, haven’t you?/didn’t you?
你肯定学过三年英语，是吗？
?He must have finished it yesterday, didn’t he?
他昨天一定做完了，是吗？
2. 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用＂need (dare ) +主语＂。
?We need not do it again, need we?
我们不需要再做了，是吗？
?He dare not say so, dare he?
他不敢这样说，是吗？
3. 当dare, need为实义动词时，疑问部分用＂助动词do + 主语＂。
?She doesn’t dare to go home alone, does she?
她不敢独自回家，是吗？
2. (2015·天津) I _________ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
【参考答案】C
【知识讲解】
1. 情态动词+ have + done
(1)must have +done sth.对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，表示＂肯定已经……＂。
(2)can’t have done 表示＂不可能已经……＂。
(3)could / may / might have done推测过去某事＂也许＂发生了；也可表示虚拟，意为＂本可能，本能够＂。
(4)ought to / should have done 表示＂本应该……＂；否定形式ought not to / shouldn’t have done 表示＂本不应该……＂。
(5)needn’t have done/not have to do表示＂本没必要……＂。
(6)would like /love to have done sth.表示＂本打算/本想……＂。
2. 情态动词+ be + doing
情态动词+ be + doing表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。
?He must be playing basketball in the room.
他肯定正在房间里打篮球。
要点三：宾语从句
1. (2015·浙江)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate _____________ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.
A. what B. who C. that D. whoever
【参考答案】A
2. (2017·天津)She asked me ___________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
【参考答案】C
【试题解析】句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。A. 什么时候；B. 在哪里；C. 是否；D. 什么。根据句意，故选C。
【名师点睛】
本题是对宾语从句中连词的考查。对于宾语从句的连词的选择，首先确定连词的词义，然后根据句意判断出正确的连词，本句的句意很明显，确定为＂是否＂。
【知识讲解】
名词性从句的功能相当于名词。在句子中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
宾语从句的用法：
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语(作介词的宾语时必须由wh-疑问词引导)。引导宾语从句的连词有that，if，whether；连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why。从句引导词的使用：
1. 连词that(引导从句，但是在从句中不作成分，that常可省略)
2. 连词if, whether(表示＂是否＂，引导从句，但是在从句中不作成分)
【特别提醒】
whether和if都有＂是否＂的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在介词之后、不定式之前、与or not连用、在句首或在引导表语从句同位语从句时，只能用whether。
【名师点睛】
动词doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中时，其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用在肯定句中时，连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用 that。
?Do you doubt that he will win?
你怀疑他会赢吗？
?I don’t doubt that your proposition is wrong.
我不怀疑你的提议是错的。
?He doubts whether/if I know it.
他怀疑我是否知道这件事。
3. 连接代词who, whom, which等
4. 连接副词when, where, how, why
3. (2017·江苏)27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ____________.
A. was being followed B. was following
C. had been followed D. followed
【参考答案】A
【知识讲解】
学习宾语从句要把握三个要点：连接词、语序和时态。
1. 使用宾语从句，连接词的选择至关重要。有关连接词的选择可遵循以下规则：
(1)如果宾语从句为陈述句，连接词用that。that本身既没有实际意思，也不在从句中作成分，所以口语中常省略。
?I hope (that) you will write to me as soon as possible.
我希望你尽快给我写信。
(2)宾语从句为一般疑问句时，连接词用if或whether，可译为＂是否＂。
?He asked me if(whether) I would go to Beijing by air.
他问我是否乘飞机去北京。
(3)宾语从句为特殊疑问句时，连接词用原疑问词。
?He didn’t know how he could get across the river.
我不知道他是怎么过了河的。
2. 从句的语序
无论原句是陈述句、一般疑问句，还是特殊疑问句，在宾语从句中一律使用陈述语序。
?The teacher asked if you had finished your homework.
老师问你是否做完作业了。
?Can you tell us when the sports meeting will begin?
你能告诉我们运动会何时举行吗？
3. 时态的选择
(1)如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以是任何所需要的时态。
?I hear a new restaurant will be opened in the city next month.
我听说这个城市下个月将开一个新饭店。
(2)如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用与其相应的过去的某种时态。
?She told us she had borrowed the book from the library.
她告诉我们她从图书馆借的这本书。
?He never told me when he would leave.
他从未告诉我他何时离开。
【特别注意】
当宾语从句表示的是一个真理或一个永久性的事实时，其时态可不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。
?The teacher said millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun.
老师说数百万行星都比太阳更大、更亮。
要点四：表语从句
(2016·北京)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _____________ one can be entirely free from dust.
A. what B. that C. whether D. why
【参考答案】B
【知识讲解】
表语从句在复合句中作句子的表语，通常用在连系动词be，look，seem后。引导表语从句的连词有that，as if，as though，whether；连接代词who，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why等。需要注意的是表语从句也要用陈述语序。
1. 从属连词that(一般不省略为好)，whether(不用if)，as if(though)等引导的表语从句。
?The reason (why) she hasn’t come is that (此处不可用because) she has to take her mother to a hospital.
她没来是因为她必须送母亲去医院。
2. 连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose等引导的表语从句。
?This is what I want to say.
这就是我想说的。
3. 连接副词when, where, how, why等引导的表语从句。
?This is how we overcome the difficulties.
这就是我们克服困难的方法。
?The question is where we shall have the sports meeting.
问题是我们在哪里开运动会。
?It looked as if he had lost something.
看起来他好像丢失了什么东西。
?His trouble is how he can get the help he needs.
他的麻烦是如何得到所需要的帮助。
?His car broke down on the way. That’s why he is late.
他的车坏了，那就是他迟到的原因。
要点五：主语从句
1. (2015·北京) ____________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
A. Where B. How C. Why D. When
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how。故选B。
2. (2016·北京)Your support is important to our work. ____________ you can do helps.
A. However B. Whoever
C. Whatever D. Wherever
【参考答案】C
【知识讲解】
主语从句的概念与连接词
作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：
1. 从属连词that，whether。
?That they were true sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
很明显，她们的确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。
?Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.
他是否会来这里还不清楚。
2. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever。
?What she did is not yet known.
她干了什么尚不清楚。
?Whoever comes is welcome.
不论谁来都欢迎。
3. 连接副词 where, when, how, why。
?How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
?How and why he suddenly disappeared remains a mystery.
他怎么又为什么突然消失仍然是个迷。
3. (2016·江苏)It is often the case ____________anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A. why B. what C. as D. that
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词，不能省略。连接副词why要在从句中作状语，连接代词what通常在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等；as通常不引导名词性从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人来说一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。
【特别注意】
?连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语it代替主语从句。
?连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以用形式主语it代替主语从句，也可直接放在句首使用主语从句。
主语从句通常都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免＂头重脚轻＂，常用it作形式主语，而把从句放在后面。这样就构成了下面一些常用句型：
(1)It is + n. / adj. +从句
It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是……
It is possible that... 很可能……
It is unlikely that... 不可能……
?It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。
(2)It +不及物动词+从句
It seems/appears that... 似乎……
It happened that... 碰巧……
?It seems that they have won the game. 似乎他们赢得了比赛。
(3)It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that... 据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that... 据信……；人们相信……
It is suggested that... 有人建议……
It must be pointed out that... 必须指出……
It has been proved that... 已证明……
?It is believed that at least 20 buildings were damaged or destroyed.
据信，至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。
?It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
?It’s reported that three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.
据报道，事故中三人丧生，五人重伤。
?It is known to all that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.
众所周知，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。
4. (2017·北京) Every year, ____________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever
C. whomever D. whichever
【参考答案】B
【知识讲解】主语从句三要素：
1. 从句用陈述语序
?How he became a great scientist is known to us all.
众所周知他是如何成为一名伟大的科学家的。
2. 谓语动词一般用单数。当主语是从句时，主句谓语一般用单数。
?Whatever he says is of no importance.
无论他说什么都不重要。
?Whoever says that is wrong.
无论谁说这话都不对。
【特别提醒】
但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论，而要视句子的意义而定。
?What I need is money.
我需要的是钱。
?What I need are books.
我需要的是书。
3. 通常不能省略关联词
?That he is the best student in the class is obvious.
很明显，他是班里最好的学生。
5. (2015·大纲全国卷)Exactly____________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
A. whether B. why C. when D. how
【参考答案】C
【试题解析】句意：准确地说土豆是什么时候被传到欧洲的还不确定，但是可能在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句，并在从句中作时间状语。
6. (2015·陕西) ____________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
A. Why B. When C. That D. What
【参考答案】B
【知识讲解】学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题：
1. 引导词that与what
what既有引导主语从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。这时what相当于all that/everything that...，常译成＂所……的(东西、事情、话等)＂；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不担当任何句子成分。但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。
?What is done can’t be undone.
已成定局，无可挽回。
?That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.
一位新老师将来教我们地理，这是真的。
2. 引导词if和whether
(1)whether之后可以直接跟or not，而if 则不能。
?I don’t care whether or not your car breaks down.
我不知道你的车是不是坏了。
但是不可以说：
I don’t care if or not your car breaks down.
(2)whether引导的从句一般不可以为否定结构(选择问句的后一部分除外)；而if则可以跟否定结构。
?I don’t care if she doesn’t come.
我不在乎她来不来。
但是，在某些动词或形容词之后，则可以用whether引导一个否定结构的句子，这种结构往往表示肯定的含义。
?I wonder whether he doesn’t think too much of himself.=I think he does think too much of himself.
我想他没有为自己考虑太多。
(3)在个别动词之后，如discuss 等，只跟用whether引导的宾语从句。
?They discussed whether they should close the shop.
他们讨论是否应该关掉商店。
(4)whether 可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if则不能。
?I’m not interested in whether they’ll go or not.
我对他们会不会去不感兴趣。
(5)whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if则不能。
?I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
我不知道是要笑还是哭。
(6)引导主语从句(包括从句在句首的位置)应当用whether，不用if。
?Whether it is true remains a problem.
这是不是真的还是一个问题。
3. 其他引导词
连接代词who, which, whom, whose有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当语、宾语、表语、定语等；连接副词when, where, why, how等有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语。
四、语气
在It is necessary / natural / important / strange...+ that-clause这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用＂should +原形＂，表虚拟语气。
?It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.
这个问题必须马上解决。
?It’s strange that he should have gone away without telling us.
他竟然没向我们说一声就走了，真是奇怪。
五、以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别
＂It be + adj./n. + that-clause＂与强调句型均有It be...that...之类的语言标志，但不同的是：(1)前者中的that从句是主语从句。若删掉其中的It be和that，则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子；但若将后者中的It be和that去掉，则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子。(2)强调句型译为汉语时可加上＂正是……＂或＂就是……＂之类的字眼，而主语从句则不可以。请比较下面两个句子：
?It is surprising that Mary should have won first place.
令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名。
?It is Mary that has won first place.
正是玛莉得了第一名。
第一句话中的It是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，句中的It is和that无法删除，一旦删除，句子就不成立；第二句是强调句型，其中的It is和that可以去掉，因为没有It is和that句子仍然完整。
要点六：同位语从句
1. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities, this is the information _________ has been put forward.
A. what ?? B. that ?? C. when ?? D. as
【参考答案】B
【知识讲解】
一、定义
在复合句中作名词的同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在某些抽象名词的后面，用以解释或说明名词所表示的具体内容。
二、同位语从句的引导词
功能
例词
从属
连词
只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分。
that, whether
连接
代词
既起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分(主语、宾语、表语或定语)。
who, what, whose, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接
副词
既起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分(状语)。
when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however
2. (2016·天津)The manager put forward a suggestion ___________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A. whether B. that
C. which D. what
【参考答案】B
3. (2014·重庆)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea ____________ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.
A. when B. why
C. that D. how
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】答句句意：我不知道Mike为什么放弃了耶鲁大学，那是他最喜欢的大学之一。A项表＂时间＂，D项表＂方式＂，均不合题意。have no idea = do not know，后面的从句应该表示＂疑问＂，排除表＂确定事实＂的C项。故本题选择B项。why表示＂原因＂。
【特别注意】
1. 如同位语从句意义、结构完整，应用that引导同位语从句。(即that不充当任何成分，只起连接作用)
2. 如同位语从句意义不完整，结构完整，需增加＂是否＂的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。(if不能引导同位语从句)。
3. 如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加＂什么时候＂、＂什么地点＂、＂什么方式＂等含义，应用连接副词when, where, how等引导同位语从句。
4. 为了保持句子平衡，同位语从句和名词有时候会被别的词分隔开。
5. 若被同位语说明的名词是表示建议(如advice, suggestion, proposal)、要求(如demand, request, requirement)、命令(如order)时，同位语从句中的谓语用＂(should+)动词原形＂。
?He made the suggestion that we (should) start at once.
他建议我们立即开始做。
?Soon we received the order that we (should )stop fighting at once.
不久我们接到命令说立刻停止争斗。
【知识讲解】
1. whether可以引导同位语从句，if不能。
?I have no idea whether they will give us enough help.
我不知道他们能否给我们足够的帮助。
2.what在同位语从句中要作主语或宾语等成分，that不作成分。
?I have no idea what he will give me.
我不知道他要给我什么。
3. advice, suggestion, proposal, request, requirement, decision, order等表示命令、建议和要求的词后的同位语从句的谓语用＂should+do＂，should可以省略。
?The commander gave an order that the troops (should) advance 10 miles.
司令官下达命令让军队前进10英里。
4. 名词doubt(怀疑)后的同位语从句用whether 引导；no doubt(不怀疑)后的同位语从句用that 引导。
?We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。
?We have no doubt that they can complete the task on time.
我们毫不怀疑他们能按时完成任务。
4. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief __________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how B. that
C. which D. whether
【参考答案】B
【易混辨析】同位语从句/定语从句
1. 从句所修饰的词不同：
同位语从句所修饰的词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词，如belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, possibility, thought, order, suggestion, wish, answer, information, conclusion, decision, discovery, knowledge, law, opinion, problem, promise, proof, question, report, truth, risk 等。
定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。
2. 连接词的作用不同：
连接同位语从句的that只起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何句子成分。whether 和 how 可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。
定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当从句中的任何成分。
3. 从句的作用不同：
定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点，对先行词起修饰、限定作用，描述先行词的性质或特征，与先行词之间是所属关系；同位语从句具有名词的特点，对中心词作进一步补充、解释，是中心词的具体内容。
?The news that our team has won the game was true.
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句，补充说明news到底是一个什么消息；that不可代替，一般不省略)
?The news that had spread all over the world made the man famous.
那个已经传遍全世界的消息使得那个人出名了。(定语从句，news在从句中作had spread的主语；引导定语从句时，that很多时候可以用which/ who/whom等来代替，作宾语时可省略)
2017-2018学年高一下学期期末考试备考满分冲刺专题
专题三 必修3重点语法 针对训练
一、用适当的情态动词填空
1. —Must I hand in this paper one hour later?
—Yes, you________.
2. —Isn’t that your head teacher over there?
—No, it ________be him. I’m sure he has just left.
3. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
4. A machine ________work for itself; it must be operated by man.
5. You ________leave the little boy alone at home. He is too young.
6. How ________ you say that you really understand the whole text if you have covered only part of it?
7. —To work in the deep water is dangerous. What should we do?
—________the robots have a try?
8. It is strange that the mean man ________give away all his money to those orphans.
9. The guard warned, ＂You ________ pay more attention to your behavior next time, young man.＂
10. At this time of year, it ________ be very cold here sometimes.
【答案】
1. must 2. can’t
3. would 4. can’t
5. mustn’t 6. can
7. Shall 8. should
9. shall 10. can
二、选词填空
must should ought(n’t) to don’t have to couldn’t mustn’t needn’t
can’t have to
1. You______________ go on working because you look so tired now.
2. Li Hua______________ pass an examination before he can start work.
3. You______________ come to the meeting if you’re too busy.
4. You______________ play now! You shall finish your homework first!
5. I know things are hard with you, but you ______________try to get over the difficulties.
6. I didn’t see her at the meeting this morning; she ______________have spoken at the meeting.
7. You ______________imagine what difficulty we had walking home in the snowstorm.
8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ______________have taken the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
9. You ______________follow the doctor’s advice. I think it will do good to you.
10. I ______________have phoned Ed this morning, but I forgot.
【答案】
1. shouldn’t/oughtn’t to 2. has to
3. needn’t/don’t have to 4. mustn’t
5. must 6. couldn’t/can’t
7. can’t 8. needn’t
9. should/ought to 10. should/ought to
三、完成句子
1. 我认为这个故事不可能是真的。
I thought the story ____________________.
2. 昨天我本该完成这个任务的，但我生病了。
Yesterday I ____________________ the task, but I was ill.
3. 他需要先做作业吗？
____________________ his homework first?
4. 他很强壮，我不敢和他打。
He is so strong that I ____________________?fight against him.
5. 房间需要打扫了。
The room needs cleaning. =The room needs ____________________.
6. I wanted to know_______________________________(她在和谁交谈).
7. I’m sorry for__________________________________(我所做的事).
8. The teacher asked______________________________(谁能回答这个问题).
9. I wanted to know______________________________(她是否来还是不来).
10. Our teacher told us (光速比声速快多了).
11. I didn’t tell him (我参加了什么体育项目).
12. I (认为他没有时间和你打高尔夫球).
13. They are discussing (这答案是否正确).
14. Mike made a promise______________________________ (他将帮助我学习英语).
15. The fact____________________________ (地球围绕太阳转) is knows to us.
16. The news_____________________________ (飞机会按时起飞) makes everybody happy.
17. The suggestion____________________________ (我们应该学一些实际的东西) is worth considering.
18. The news______________________________ (她失去了工作) is true.
19. The problem______________________________ (我们可以为他做什么) is important.
20. They received orders _____________________________ (工作必须立刻完成).
【答案】
9. whether she would come or not 10. that light travels much faster than sound
11. which sport I was in 12. don’t think he has time to play golf with you
13. if/whether the answer is right 14. that he will help me studying English
15. that Earth goes around Sun 16. that the plane will take off on time
17. that we should learn some practical things 18. that she lost her job
19. that what can we do for him 20. that the work must be done at once
四、翻译句子
1. 这就是我想做的。
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. 今天讨论的话题是未来的学校会是怎样的。
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. 他迟到的原因是交通拥堵。
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. 这就是Henry 怎样解决问题的。
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. 事实是他对我撒谎了。
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. 我向他许诺说我一到北京就给他写信。
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. 他经常问我这个问题，那就是这个工作是否值得做。
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. 他什么也不说，这一事实使大家都感到惊奇。
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. 在我看来，他刚才告诉我的这个消息是真实的。
___________________________________________________________________________________
10. 他突然想起他本来应该去接儿子的。
___________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. This is what I want to do.
2. The discussion topic for today is what schools will be like in the future.
3. The reason why he was late is that the traffic was busy.
4. This is how Henry solved the problem
5. The fact is that he told a lie to me.
五、单句改错
1. When will we set off is still under discussion.
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. What he needs most are money.
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. When and where the meeting will be held have not been decided.
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. That the coal workers are still alive are a wonder.
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. (2016·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.(改错)
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. Our team has won the game, that made us very happy.
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. I’ve come with a message from Mr Wang how he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not.
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. I’ve read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday.
___________________________________________________________________________________
10. One of the men held the pinion when what the book said was right.
___________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. will we→we will 2. are→is
3. have→has 4. 第二个are→is
5. chose→choose 6. that→which
7. how→that 8. if→whether
9. where→that / which或省略where 10. when→that
六、单项填空
1. (2016·浙江)George ___________ too far. His coffee is still warm.
A. must have gone B. might have gone
C. can’t have gone D. needn’t have gone
【答案】C
【解析】句意：乔治不可能走得太远。他的咖啡仍然是温的。must have done过去一定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；can’t have done一定不可能做了某事；needn’t have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。
2. (2015·重庆)You ___________ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A. must B. can C. will D. shall
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变。must表示对现在的肯定推测，故选A。
3. (2015·四川)You ___________ be careful with the camera. It costs!
A. must B. may C. can D. will
【答案】A
【解析】根据下文的It costs可知，照相机很昂贵，那么必须小心对待，故选择A。
4. (2015·陕西)You ___________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
A. should B. need C. shall D. may
【答案】D
5. (2014·北京) ___________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.
A. Can B. Must
C. Shall D. Should
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我能和你谈话吗？不会很长时间的。根据上下文可知，说话人在请求听话人允许不长时间的一个交谈，所以选择A。
6. (2014·四川)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ____________ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
A. might? ???????????????????? B. must?
C. would ????????????? D. should
【答案】C
【解析】would可以表示＂过去常常＂，强调过去经常发生的事情，所以选C。句意：我仍然记得我幸福的童年，那时妈妈经常周末的时候带我去迪士尼乐园。
7. (2014·江苏) It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ____________ bring me food.
A. might B. would
C. should D. could
【答案】C
【解析】might也许；would将；hould竟然，居然（用于表示必要、适当、惊奇、遗憾等语气中）；could能够。句意：他们，自己如此的贫困，竟然带食物给我，这让我很难过。故C正确。
8. (2014·陕西)My book, The House of Hales, is missing. Who ____________ have taken it?
A. need B. must
C. should D. could
【答案】D
9. (2016·天津)It was really annoying; I _________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这真是令人生气的；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t不愿意；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。根据句意可知选B。
10. (2016·北京)I love the weekend, because I _________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t
C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. needn’t不需要；B. mustn’t禁止；C. wouldn’t不愿；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不必早起，故选A。
11. (2015·浙江)It was so noisy that we _________ hear ourselves speak.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
【答案】A
【解析】句意：太吵了，以致我们不能够听到我们在说什么。A.不能，B.不应该，C.禁止，D.不需要。根据句意可知选A。
12. (2015·福建)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it’s too bad. You _________ have made full preparations.
A. must B. can C. would D. should
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。——噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分的准备的。should have done 本来应该做某事，而实际上没做。故选D。
13. (2014·重庆) —I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, _________ you?
A. mustn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. hadn’t
【答案】C
14. I _________ myself more — it was a perfect day.
A. shouldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed
C. wouldn’t have enjoyed D. couldn’t have enjoyed
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我从没有过得这么好过——真是完美的一天。此处是not与more连用，表示最高级形式，同时couldn’t have done表示＂过去本不可能做过某事＂，是对过去状况的推测，故选D项。
15. —Why are your eyes so red? You _________ have slept well last night.
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
【答案】A
【解析】can’t have done表示对过去发生的事情的否定推测。句意：——为什么你的眼睛那么红？你昨晚肯定睡得不好。——是啊，我熬夜写报告。
16. He _________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
A. wouldn’t B. shouldn’t
C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意：尽管他想睡，但是却睡不着，当时他一直在拼命想着一件事，一直到想清楚为止。couldn’t意为 ＂不能＂，符合句意。
17. (2015·重庆)We must find out _____________ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
A. when B. how C. where D. why
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们必须弄明白卡尔什么时候来，这样我们能给他预定房间。find out 后面跟着宾语从句，根据句意选when。
18. (2015·四川)The exhibition tells us _____________ we should do something to stop air pollution.
A. where B. why C. what D. which
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语，故选项C、D错误。句意：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要停止空气污染而不是我们在哪儿停止空气污染，故选择B。
19. (2015·陕西)Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for _____________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
A. what B. that C. why D. how
【答案】A
【解析】句意：读完了她的自传后，我对Doris Lessing在文学上做的贡献非常敬佩。介词for后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以选A。
20. (2015·福建)I wonder _____________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
A. where B. how C. why D. If
【答案】B
21. (2015·湖南)You have to know _____________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
A. what B. that C. where D. who
【答案】C
【解析】根据分析可知，You have to know…后面是一个宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词，连接代词有：who，whom，whose，which，what，在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语；连接副词有：when，where，why，how，在从句中担任状语。you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there中缺少地点状语，所以应该用连接副词where来引导从句。句意：如果你已经计划好去那里的最佳方案，你必须知道你将要去哪里。故选C。
22. (2015·北京)I truly believe _____________ beauty comes from within.
A. that B. where C. what D. why
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心。本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that，that起到连接作用，也可以省略。故选A。
23. (2015·安徽)A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not _____________ ships are built for.
A. what B. whom C. why D. when
【答案】A
【解析】句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。that’s not后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，表示＂什么＂，用what引导。故选A。
24. (2014·北京)The best moment for the football star was _____________ he scored the winning goal.
A. where B. when C. how D. why
【答案】B
25. (2014·四川) Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, ＂That’s _____________ I was born.＂
A. when? ???????????????????? B. how??? ????????????? C. why??? ?????? ?????? D. where
【答案】D
【解析】A. 何时；B. 怎样；C. 为什么；D. 哪儿。系动词is后是表语从句，四个选项均为连接副词，故判断从句中缺少状语，根据题干中给出的提示信息pointed to the hospital可知选D。
26. Information has been put forward __________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while ?? B. that ?? C. when ?? D. as
【答案】B
【解析】more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，所以该句为同位语从句，且引导词不在从句中作成分，故选B。
27. She heard a terrible noise, __________ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which ?? C. this ?? D. that
【答案】B
【解析】分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语，故用which。
28. I can’t stand the terrible noise __________ she is crying loudly.
A. it B. which ?? C. this ?? D. that
【答案】D
【解析】she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，所以该句为同位语从句，且所填词不在从句中作成分，故选that。
四、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A Language Programme for Teenagers
Welcome to Teenagers Abroad! We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning.
Our Courses
Regardless of your choice of course, you’ll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.
Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas — speaking, listening, reading and writing.
Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning (see table below).
Course Type
Days
Number of Lessons
Course Timetable
Standard Course
Mon－Fri
20 lessons
9:00—12:30
Intensive Course
Mon－Fri
20 lessons
9:00—12:30
10 lessons
13:00—14:30
Evaluation
Students are placed into classes according to their current language skills. The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme. However, if this is not available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course.
Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.
Arrivals and Transfer
Our programme offers the full package — students are taken good care of from the start through to the very end. They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort. We require the student’s full flight details at least 4 weeks in advance.
Meals/Allergies(过敏)/Special Dietary Requirements
Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch(which consists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert). Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student individually.
We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as information about any medicines you take. Depending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements, an extra charge may be made for providing special food.
1. How does Intensive Course differ from Standard Course?
A. It is less effective.
B. It focuses on speaking.
C. It includes extra lessons.
D. It gives you confidence.
2. When can a student attend Standard Course?
A. 13:00—14:30 Monday.
B. 9:00—12:30 Tuesday.
C. 13:00—14:30 Friday.
D. 9:00—12:30 Saturday.
3. Before starting their programme, students are expected to ____________.
A. take a language test
B. have an online interview
C. prepare learning materials
D. report their language levels
4. With the full package, the programme organizer is supposed to___________.
A. inform students of their full flight details
B. look after students throughout the programme
C. offer students free sightseeing trips
D. collect students’ luggage in advance
5. Which of the following may require an extra payment?
A. Cooked dinner. B. Mealtime dessert.
C. Packed lunch. D. Special diet.
【答案】
【语篇解读】这是一则广告。介绍一个语言学习课程的课程设置以及学习、生活方面的要求。
1. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据表格的第三行可知，加强课程和标准课程的不同在于它包括额外的课程。故选C。
2. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据表格的第二行可知，学生可以在星期二的9点到12点半参加标准课程。故选B。
五、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Strengthen Your Willpower
Researchers find willpower is like a muscle — it may get tired from overuse. So, if it acts like a muscle, can it also be strengthened? The answer is YES. ___ _1_____
1. Ten minutes of reflection
Reflection will give you the fastest results. ___ _2_____ Researches show that after just 2—3 days of practicing thinking for 10 minutes, your brain will be able to focus better, you will have more energy, and you will be less stressed.
2. Work on your posture
Work on your posture for a 2-week period. Every time you catch yourself slouching(懒散), correct it by sitting up straight. This simple practice can vastly improve your perseverance.
3. Use your opposite hand
Select a chunk(块) of the day to use your opposite hand. __ __3_____And from personal experience, if you aim for more than an hour, you will unnecessarily tire out your willpower muscle.
4. Correct your speech
Change your natural speech. __ __4_____ Again, it takes willpower to consciously go against your instincts. It doesn’t matter how you correct your speech, as long as you change your natural speech habits.
To get started,?select a chunk of the day to practice and choose the words you will change.?Personally, I tried not using contractions during work hours and it worked very well.
Above are some effective ways to strengthen your perseverance. Do not try to do all at once. ____5____ You should start small and gradually build up as your muscles get stronger.
A. You will be more mentally strong.
B. Be more conscious of your automatic decisions.
C. With the right practice willpower can be strengthened.
D. It can make your brain focus and resist the urge to wander.
E. It doesn’t need to be more than an hour in order to get results.
F. Training your willpower muscle is like training for a marathon.
G. This even includes resisting the urge to say ＂hello＂ instead of ＂hey＂.
【答案】
【语篇解读】人的毅力就像肌肉一样，会因过度使用而疲倦，也会因为锻炼而增强。在本文中作者介绍了几种增强自己的毅力的方法。
3. E 【解析】考查对上下文的理解判断能力。该空前后内容都与时间有关，介绍每天使用相反的手的时间，信息提示词是more than an hour，故选E。
4. G 【解析】考查对上下文的理解判断能力。本段内容是关于通过纠正语言来达到锻炼毅力的目的，而G 选项的内容恰好和语言有关，故选G。
5. F 【解析】考查对上下文的理解判断能力。最后作者建议人们要循序渐进地去锻炼毅力，根据语境判断选F。
六、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I took the Harvard Summer School program during my summer vacation. I really? 1 the chance to learn there, which? 2 my horizons greatly. As all? 3 I took were humanities-related, I? 4 much time to reading in Harvard’s libraries. I enjoyed myself 5 I was there, either doing research for my papers or enjoying special edition books that had been? 6 over time.
When the library first came into? 2 , I looked at it with respect and was deeply? 8 by its neoclassical design. The design is inspiring. It occurred to me that? 9 as Greek temples were houses of gods, the library was a temple of? 10 .
On opening a pair of heavy elegant metal doors, I was? 11 in warm light. Fascinated(入迷的), I wandered around the? 12 library, finding one treasure after another. One? 13 caught my interest is the donor Widener. He was crazy about? 14 rare old books, and one of his most precious collections immediately got my? 15 . A 500-year-old book quietly? 16 its golden letters. This book represents Harvard’s? 17 as a guardian of, and contributor to, the long history of thought.
Harvard’s library is rather? 18 . One can hear the rustling(沙沙声) of pens on paper as countless students study? 19 inside it. For me, the library, as well as the courses, 20 Harvard’s place as the home of committed scholars.
1. A. accepted B. appreciated C. recalled D. favored
2. A. satisfied B. limited C. improved D. broadened
3. A. courses B. challenges C. experiments D. routines
4. A. attached B. devoted C. exposed D. attracted
5. A. if B. before C. while D. though
6. A. abandoned B. revised C. yellowed D. discovered
7. A. effect B. power C. view D. existence
8. A. disappointed B. amused C. delighted D. impressed
9. A. just B. even C. again D. instead
10. A. growth B. knowledge C. imagination D. belief
11. A. bathed B. involved C. trapped D. absorbed
12. A. satisfactory B. comfortable C .plain D. awesome
13. A. successfully B. casually C. especially D. suddenly
14. A. collecting B. researching C. introducing D. copying
15. A. praise B. attention C. attempt D. care
16. A. brought on B. applied to C. set aside D. showed off
17. A. example B. department C. scene D. role
18. A. silent B. holy C. famous D. superb
19. A. attentively B. obviously C. generally D. freely
20. A. elects B. explains C. appoints D. expands
【答案】
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己在哈佛大学参加学习课程时的所见所感。
1. B 根据语境可知，作者非常感激(appreciated)自己能有在那里学习的机会。accept＂接受＂；recall＂回忆起＂；favor＂支持＂。
2. D 根据语境及空后的＂my horizons greatly＂可知，这次学习经历极大地开阔了作者的眼界。broaden one’s horizons＂开阔某人的眼界＂为固定用法。satisfy＂满足＂；limit＂限制＂；improve＂改善，提高＂。
3. A 根据语境可知，作者所上的所有课程(courses)均是同人文相关的，因此作者把许多时间都花在了在哈佛大学的图书馆里读书上。challenge＂挑战＂；routine＂惯例，常规＂。
4. B 参见上题解析。devote sth. to sth.把……花在……上。attach贴，附上；expose暴露；attract吸引。
5. C 当作者在那里时，作者(学习得)很开心。此处表示＂当……时＂，故用while引导时间状语从句。
8. D 参见上题解析。be deeply impressed by...＂对……印象深刻＂。
9. A 作者突然想到，正如希腊庙宇是神殿一样，哈佛大学图书馆是知识的殿堂。just＂正好，恰好＂，符合语境。
10. B 参见上题解析。knowledge＂知识＂，符合语境。
11. A 根据上文的＂On opening a pair of heavy elegant metal doors＂和下文的＂in warm light＂可知，一打开厚重的金属门，作者就沐浴(bathed)在温暖的光照中。involved＂与……有关联＂；trapped＂陷入困境的＂；absorbed＂全神贯注的＂。
12. D 根据作者描述图书馆时抒发的赞叹之情可知，此处表示作者漫步于令人敬畏的(awesome)图书馆中。satisfactory＂令人满意的＂；comfortable＂令人舒服的＂；plain＂朴素的＂。
13. C 根据语境可知，尤其(especially)引起作者的兴趣的是捐赠者Widener。考生易误选A项。successfully成功地，用在此处表示成功引起作者兴趣的是……，而空前的＂finding one treasure after another＂暗指作者对很多东西感兴趣，故successfully用在此处与语境不符。
14. A 根据下文的＂one of his most precious collections＂可知，Widener痴迷于收藏(collecting)罕见的古书。research＂研究＂；introduce＂介绍，引入＂；copy＂抄写＂。
17. D 根据语境可知，这本书体现了哈佛大学作为历史沉淀的思想的守护者和贡献者的角色(role)。
18. A 根据下文的＂One can hear the rustling(沙沙声) of pens on paper...＂可知，哈佛大学的图书馆是非常安静的(silent)。holy＂神圣的＂；superb＂宏伟的＂。
19. A 根据上文的＂One can hear the rustling(沙沙声) of pens on paper...＂可知，由于学生们在图书馆里专心地(attentively)学习，人们(甚至)可以听到钢笔在纸上摩擦的沙沙声。obviously＂显然地＂。
20. B 对于作者而言，该图书馆和(他所参加的)课程一样彰显了哈佛大学是汇聚专心致志的学者的地方。 explain＂阐明，表明＂符合语境。elect＂选举＂；appoint＂任命＂；expand＂扩张＂。
七、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We often think of future. We often wonder 1 the world will be like in a hundred years’ time.
Think 2 space. Perhaps a permanent station on the moon will have 3 (set up). Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as 4 (visit). Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, 5 (permit) long journeys through the solar system. When that time comes, people will be taking holidays in space and visiting __6__planets. Great progress will have been made 7 medicine, too. Pollution will have been controlled in a hundred years’ time.
8 the world will have been developed — even Antarctica. We will have used up most of the earth’s land to build our cities; 9 floating cities will have been built. The Japanese have already had plans of this kind. And there will be cities 10 the sea.
【答案】
【语篇解读】我们经常会想到未来。未来是个什么样子呢？人类会在月球上建立永久的工作站；人类会进行星际航行，访问其他行星；在医药方面，人类会取得巨大进步；污染会得到控制；城市会建在海里……未来让我们充满遐想。
1. what 句意：我们经常想知道一百年之后世界会是什么样的。句型＂What be…like?＂意为＂……怎么样？＂，＂一百年之后的世界怎么样？＂英语表述为＂What will the world be like in a hundred years’ time?＂转换成宾语从句后，what用作连接代词，引导宾语从句。填入what。
2. of 根据第一段的第一句＂We often think of future.＂可知，我们经常想到未来。和此句一致，＂想到太空＂的英语表述为＂Think of space＂。think of 意为＂想到，考虑到＂。填入of。
3. been set up 句意：也许在月球上一个永久性工作站将会被建立。a permanent station和set up之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态be set up；因为句子时态是将来完成时will have done，所以使用被动语态的将来完成语态will have been set up。填入been set up。
6. other 句意：当那个时代到来时，人们将在太空里度假和参观其他行星。地球是一个planet(行星)，到太空旅行时参观的行星是除地球之外的其他的(other)行星。填入other。
7. in 句意：在医药方面也会取得很大的进步。make progress in …意为＂在……方面取得进步(进展)＂，转换成被动语态后为progress be made in …，＂在医药方面取得进步＂的英语表达为progress be made in medicine。填入介词in。
8. All 句意：世界将得到发展，甚至是南极洲。亚洲、欧洲、非洲等六大洲已经被人类开发了，如果南极洲也被开发了，那么整个的(all)世界就都得到了发展。填入all。
9. so/thus 句意：为了建造城市，我们将会把地球上大多数的陆地用完了，所以我们将会建造漂浮着的城市。前后句之间存在顺承关系，应使用表顺承关系的连词so或副词thus。填入so或thus。
10. under 句意：未来将有城市建在海底。＂海底＂为＂under the sea＂。填入介词under。
八、短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Recently I read an article in a magazine. It was about the mother who was worried about her son just because of he always kept his hair long. The mother thought that was not right, and the son felt there was nothing unusually about it. Different generations have different opinion on the same thing. That is what is meaning by ＂the generation gap＂. We can see them in our daily life. Most of our parents like listening to old songs when young people prefer pop songs. Every time my father finds me listening to rock music, he always shouted, ＂Shut it off. It’s awful!＂?How can we deal with the generation gap?
【答案】
Recently I read an article in a magazine. It was about ? mother who was worried about her son just because he always kept his hair long. The mother thought that was not right, ? the son felt there was nothing ? about it. Different generations have different ? on the same thing. That is what is ? by ＂the generation gap＂. We can see ?in our daily life. Most of our parents like listening to old songs ? young people prefer pop songs. Every time my father finds me listening to rock music, he always , ＂Shut it off. It’s awful!＂? How can we deal with the generation gap?
第一处：I 后面加have 这句话的时间状语是Recently，通常和现在完成时连用，而且主语是I，故I 后面加have。
第二处：the → a 这里泛指＂一个妈妈＂，用不定冠词，而且mother是以辅音音素开头的单词，故第二句中的the改为a。
第五处：unusually → unusual 修饰不定代词nothing用形容词，故unusually改为unusual。
第六处：opinion →opinions opinion是可数名词，和different搭配用复数，故opinion改为opinions。
第七处：meaning → meant 这句话是What do you mean by sth的被动语态，What is meant by sth意为＂……是什么意思？＂，故meaning改为meant。
第八处：them → it 句意：你可以在日常生活中看见它。指代＂the generation gap＂用it，故them改为it。
第九处：when → while 我们大多数父母都喜欢听老歌，然而年轻人更喜欢流行歌曲，用while表示对比，意为＂然而＂，故when改为while。
第十处：shouted → shouts 根据时间状语从句Every time my father finds me listening to rock music和always可知，这句话使用一般现在时，而且主语是he，故shouted改为shouts。
九、书面表达
某中学的英语角计划组织对以英语为母语的各国家进行逐一介绍。假设你是学校英语角的负责人之一。你分配到的任务是介绍有关加拿大的情况。请你根据下面的内容，用英文写一篇介绍加拿大的短文。
题目：一个美丽的国度——加拿大
要点：1. 加拿大是世界第二大国，它约占世界四分之一的陆地面积。
2. 加拿大人口稀少，全国人口不到三千万。
3. 加拿大的官方语言是英语和法语，大部分居民讲英语和法语。
4. 加拿大气候多变，湖泊众多，淡水资源丰富。
5. 加拿大有着丰富的森林资源，她它是世界上最大的纸张出口国。
6. 加拿大还有许多美丽的自然景观，相信同学们会乐意去那里旅游。
注意：
1. 短文包括所有内容要点，并能使行文连贯。
2. 词数：120词左右。
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【参考范文】
A beautiful country — Canada
Canada is the second largest country in the world, which covers about a quarter of the world’s land area. The population of Canada is very small, and it is less than 3 million. People in Canada mainly speak French and English, the official languages. The weather in Canada is quite different from area to area. Especially in the north, it is very cold in winter, and the temperature can fall to-60℃. There are many lakes in Canada, which supply it with one third of the world’s fresh water. The water has been used to produce much electricity for Canada. Canada also has many forests, which makes it the biggest producer of paper in the world. Besides, Canada also has many other beautiful things. So it is really a beautiful country. I believe that you’ll love to visit it yourselves.
