【2018美国老师授课】中美高中历史教师同课异构：富兰克林·罗斯福新政（中英版）

课件29张PPT。Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal富兰克林·罗斯福新政 Compare the economic plans of Henry Hoover and FDR
Analyze the goals of FDR through his inauguration address
Evaluate aspects of the new deal and address criticism of itObjectives比较亨利胡佛和罗斯福的经济计划
通过他的就职演说分析罗斯福的目标
评估新政的各个方面，并回应对新政的批评。Terms and PeopleFranklin D. Roosevelt – American President elected at the height of the Great Depression
富兰克林·D·罗斯福-在大萧条时期当选的美国总统
Eleanor Roosevelt – FDR’s wife and First Lady; known for her active role in the administration
埃莉诺·罗斯福是罗斯福的妻子和第一夫人, 她以在政府中的积极作用而闻名
New Deal – programs and legislation enacted by FDR during the Great Depression to promote economic recovery and social reform
新政-罗斯福在大萧条时期为促进经济复苏和社会改革而制定的新政和立法
fireside chat – informal radio broadcast in which FDR communicated with the American people
炉边谈话-无线电广播是罗斯福与美国人民进行沟通的非正式广播节目。
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) – government agency that insures bank deposits
联邦存款保险公司(FDIC)-为银行存款提供担保的政府机构Terms and People (continued)Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) – government agency that built dams in the Tennessee River valley to control floods and generate electric power
田纳西河谷管理局(TVA)-在田纳西河流域修建水坝以控制洪水和发电的政府机构
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) – New Deal program that provided young men with jobs on environmental conservation projects
平民保护团(CCC)-新政计划，为年轻人提供环境保护项目的工作
National Recovery Administration (NRA) – New Deal?agency that promoted economic recovery by regulating?production, prices, and wages
国家复苏管理局(NRA)-新政机构，通过调节生产、价格和工资来促进经济复苏。
Public Works Administration (PWA) – government agency that improved the nation’s infrastructure and created millions of jobs
公共工程管理局(PWA)-改善国家基础设施和创造数百万就业机会的政府机构Guiding Question: What problems did Americans face during the great depression, and how did Roosevelt address these problems? 指导问题：美国在大萧条期间面临哪些问题，罗斯福是如何解决这些问题的？大萧条时期的失业Hoover’s Economic PlanLike most economists of the day, he believed that up and down swings in the economy were a natural part of the business cycle.
It was thought that strong businesses would weather storms without the support of the government.Hoover later turned to Trickle Down Economics
The idea was that if he gave businesses grants in tax money they would lend to, and invest in, struggling businesses who would hire workers and thus end the depression.
This plan failed when businesses did not hire more workers.胡佛经济计划和当时的大多数经济学家一样，他认为经济上下波动是商业周期的自然组成部分。人们认为，没有政府的支持，强劲的企业会经受住风暴。胡佛后来转向“涓涓细流经济学”，他的想法是，如果他向企业提供税收补贴，他们将向陷入困境的企业提供贷款和投资，这些企业将雇佣工人，从而结束萧条。当企业不再雇佣更多工人时，这一计划就失败了。Most of Hoover’s policies failed to help the economy, and some actually made it worseOne success of Hoover’s was the construction of the Hoover Dam, providing jobs and electricity to many California residents胡佛的大部分政策都未能帮助经济，有些政策实际上使经济变得更糟。胡佛的成功之一是建造了胡佛大坝，为许多加州居民提供了工作和电力。Americans were ready for a change.In 1932, President Hoover ran for reelection. But he had little chance of winning.Unemployment stood at 25 percent.
Bank failures had wiped out savings.
The hungry waited for food at soup kitchens.1932年，胡佛总统竞选连任。但他赢的可能性很小。失业率为25%。银行倒闭使储蓄付之东流。饥饿的人在厨房里等食物。美国人已经做好了改变的准备Hoover’s opponent in the election was Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt.Harvard graduate哈佛毕业生
New York State senator纽约州参议员
Assistant Secretary of the Navy助理海军部长
1920 Nominee for Vice President 1920年被提名为副总统
Polio survivor小儿麻痹症幸存者
Governor of New York纽约州长
胡佛在选举中的对手是民主党人富兰克林·D·罗斯福Roosevelt Outlined his plan in his Inaugural Address罗斯福在就职演说中概述了他的计划Public-works projects put money in the hands of consumers.公共工程项目把钱交到了消费者手中。
Consumer spending would stimulate the economy.消费支出将刺激经济。
Deficit spending was needed to end the depression.需要赤字支出来结束萧条。
Keynes called this idea pump priming.凯恩斯称这个想法为泵启动。
FDR followed the Economist John Maynard Keynes who believed罗斯福跟随经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯相信The legislation had three goals: relief, recovery, and reform. FDR’s plan to combat the depression became known as the New DealDuring his first 100 days in office, 15 bills were passed.First New Deal第一次新政罗斯福抗击萧条的计划被称为“新政”在他上任的头100天里，通过了15项法案。
立法有三个目标：
救济、
恢复
和改革Roosevelt began by addressing the bank crisis.FDR declared a four-day bank holiday, closing the banks so they could get their accounts in order.In the first of many fireside chats, FDR explained that his actions were to halt bank failures. When the banks reopened, there were no more runs on the banks.罗斯福首先解决了银行危机。罗斯福宣布了为期四天的银行假期，关闭了银行，以便他们的账户能够正常运转在众多的炉边谈话中，罗斯福首先解释说，他的行为是阻止银行倒闭。当银行重新开业时，银行不再有挤兑现象。FDR took other steps to reform the financial system.罗斯福还采取了其他步骤改革金融体系Insured bank deposits已保险银行存款;Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)Regulated the stock market规范股票市场Such measures helped restore confidence in the economy. 这些措施有助于恢复人们对经济的信心。
联邦存款保险公司(FDIC)证券交易委员会(SEC)Many programs focused on job relief.
许多项目都集中在工作救济上。Roosevelt then turned to a series of New Deal programs to bring relief to the country.
罗斯福随后转向一系列新政计划，以给国家带来救济。 The Agricultural Adjustment Act sought to end overproduction and raise crop prices.农业调整法”试图结束过度生产和提高作物价格。
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) built dams to control floods and generate electricity.田纳西河谷管理局(TVA)建造水坝来控制洪水和发电。Some programs helped farmers and those in the rural South.一些项目帮助了农民和南方农村地区的农民。The Public Works Administration (PWA) created millions of jobs. 公共工程管理局(PWA)创造了数以百万计的就业机会。
Workers built bridges, dams, power plants, and government buildings.工人们建造桥梁、水坝、发电厂和政府大楼。
These projects improved the nation’s infrastructure.这些项目改善了国家的基础设施。Roosevelt also took steps to speed economic recovery.罗斯福还采取措施加快经济复苏。National Recovery Administration
(NRA)Established codes of fair competition既定的公平竞争守则
Set minimum wages for workers and minimum prices for goods规定工人最低工资和最低商品价格国家恢复管理局(NRA)Despite the critics, the New Deal was popular with most Americans.尽管受到批评，新政还是受到了大多数美国人的欢迎。
In his inaugural address, Roosevelt told Americans, “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”罗斯福在就职演说中对美国人说：“我们唯一需要害怕的就是恐惧本身。”
FDR succeeded in reducing people’s fear, but the depression was far from over.罗斯福成功地减少了人们的恐惧，但抑郁还远远没有结束。