Module 2 The natural world Unit 4 seasons语法课

7A Unit4 Seasons语法课
Grammar : 形容词
形容词是表示人或事物的性质、状态，一般置于它所修饰的名词之前作定语，或连系动词之后作表语。本单元主要讲解形容词在句中作定语，表语和用在“It is +adj.+to do sth”句型中。
一、形容词的用法
1、形容词作定语
(1)大多数形容词作定语修饰名词时，其位置在被修饰的名词前，说明名词的品质或特征。
　　She is a tall girl.她是一个高个子女孩。　
He is a good teacher.他是一名好老师。
(2)但在下列情况下，形容词却放在它所修饰的名词之后。
　 a. 当被修饰的词是不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing等复合不定代词的形容词，作定语时要后置。
I would like something cheap. 我想要点便宜的东西。　
Is there anything new in that book? 那本书里有什么新东西吗？　　
b. 形容词短语作定语时，要放在所修饰的名词的后面。这些形容词短语多由“形容词+介词/不定式符号”构成。
　　　It’s a problem difficult to solve. 这是个难以解决的问题。
I think he is a man suitable for the job. 我认为他是个适合做这项工作的人。
(3)enough等形容词修饰名词时前置或后置。
　　　We have enough time/ time enough.我们有足够的时间。
　　　（注：形/副+ enough，此时enough 必须后置）
2.形容词作表语
　 形容词作表语，常位于连系动词be(am, is, are), become, get, turn,look, keep, seem等词的后面，说明主语的特征、状态或身份。
The food is delicious. 这种食物美味可口。　
The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。
　 Gengerally speaking, it is cold in the north, it is warm in the south.
一般来说，北方天气冷，南方天气暖和。
3.句型“It is +adj.（形容词）+to do sth.（不定式短语）”
　 这个句型中，常用important, interesting, exciting, nice, easy, hard, good, useful, wrong, right, important等形容词。
It is dangerous to climb this hill. 爬这座山很危险。
　 It is interesting to play in the snow.在雪里玩是有趣的。
It is important to listen to the teacher carefully in class.课堂上认真听老师讲课很重要。
a.此句型中，如果表语是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, polite等描述性格、品质的形容词，则应在不定式前加of sb.　　“It is +adj. +of sb. + to do sth.”某人做某事是……
　如： It is very kind of you to help me.你能帮我太好了。
　　　　It’s clever of you to do so.你这样做真聪明。
b. 如果形容词表示“对某人而言”，描述的是事情的性质，可在动词不定式前加一个for sb　“It is +adj. +for sb. +to do sth.”对某人来说做某事是……
It's difficult for us to finish the work.对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。
　　　 It’s hard for me to answer your question.对我来说，要回答你的问题很难。
二、名词变形容词的方法
1.在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词（尤其是一些与天气有关的名词）
rain—rainy多雨的，cloud—cloudy多云的，health—healthy健康的，luck—lucky幸运的
注意：①如果名词以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写词尾的辅音
字母再加-y。如sun—sunny晴朗的，fog—foggy有雾的，fun—funny有趣的；
②如果以不发音的字母e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e再加y。如：
noise—noisy吵闹的,　ice—icy冰冷
2.一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词。
care—careful小心的，thank—thankful感谢的，help—helpful有帮助的
3.一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍、语言的形容词。
　 China—chinese，Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American
4.在名词后加-ous变为形容词。 danger--dangerous
5.在名词后加-ly变为形容词。 friend—friendly, love—lovely(以-ly结尾的还有lonely, lively)
6.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义形容词。如：care—careless粗心的, use—useless无用的
7.一些以-ence结尾的名词，把-ence改为ent变成形容词。
如： difference—different不同的, silence—silent安静的
【语法知识巩固题】
一、把下列名词变成形容词。
1.wind 2.rain 3.sun 4.fog 5.snow
6 .cloud 7.difference 8.fun___________9.help
noise 11.ice 12.care 13.China____________
14.friend 15. danger 16. Australia____________
二 、用所给词的适当形式完成句子。
It is ______ (rain) today. Let’s stay at home.
2. Look at the ______ (hunger) boy. He wants to eat something.
3. It’s hard ________ (climb) that mountain.
4. Jenny is from New York and she is an _______ (America) girl.
5. Lucy is a ____________ (luck) girl. She gets a lot of things from the shop.
6. Do you think your school life is ___________ (color)?
7. It’s ____________ (sun) today. Let’s go for a walk.
8. He is a tall and ____________ (friend) man.
9. I have a lot of ______________ (interest) stories to tell you.
10. Li often helps others. He is very _________ (help).
11. It’s dangerous _______ (drive) on a foggy day.
12. China is an _______ (Asia) country.
13. There is a ________ (brightly) sun outside. Let’s stay at home.
14. I like winter because I like _________ (snow) days.
15. It’s easy for everyone ________ (do) the work.
16. It is very cold on __________ (snow) days.
17. The pandas are __________ (love) in this picture.
18. The weather will be _________ (cloud) tomorrow.
19. It is hard ___________ (understand) this book.
20. It is interesting ____________ (talk) with him.
【单元综合测试题】
I．词汇：根据汉语或首字母提示写单词，补全句子。（每小题0.5分，共5分）
1. We don't go out today, because the sun shines too__________(明亮地).
2. When I get up this morning, I find it is__________ (下雪的).
3. He is studying in our school. And he is from__________(澳大利亚).
4. The light__________ (照耀) in his eyes and he can't see anything.
5. Without rain, the land becomes very__________ (干燥的).
6. It is raining. If you don't take an umbrella, you will get w__________.
7. He likes to k__________ a ball with his friends.
8. When he was young, he lived in a small t__________ with his parents.
9. Children in China usually play happily d__________ the Spring Festival.
10. The strong wind b__________ some sand (沙子) into my eyes.
Ⅱ.句子：根据汉语提示，补全句子。每空一词。（每小题1分，共10分）
11. 今年冬季我想要到昆明旅行。
I want to__________ __________ __________to Kunming this winter.
12. 他们到海滩野餐。
They __________ __________ __________ __________ on the beach.
13. 我喜欢雪，因为我喜欢滑冰，还能堆雪人。
I like snow because I enjoy skating and I can __________ __________.
14. 杰克花时间陪他年幼的女儿看书和看电影。
Jack__________ __________ __________ his young daughter reading books and watching movies.
15. 努力学习非常重要。
It's very __________ __________ __________ hard.
16. 上周日我和父母出去放风筝。
I went out to __________ __________with my parents last Sunday.
17. 我们经常在每年的这个时候寄些贺卡给我们的朋友。
We often send postcards to our friends __________ __________ __________ __________ __________.
18．今天好热啊！我们一起去游泳吧！
It is so hot today! Let's__________ __________ together!
19．香港在中国的南部。
Hong Kong is __________ __________ __________ __________ China.
20. 在这个地方，秋季是旅游最好的季节。
In this place, autumn is __________ __________ season to travel.
III．单项选择。（每小题1分，共10分）
从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（共10小题，每小题1分）
( ) 21．---- __________ the weather __________ today? ---- It is cloudy.
A. What; is B. What's: about C. What; look D. What's: like
( ) 22. __________is interesting to play football with my classmates.
A. It B. This C. That D. There
( ) 23. It is said that it is going to be __________ tomorrow.
A. rain B. rainy C. to rain D. rained
( ) 24. I don't go to school today __________ I feel sick.
A. but B. and C. because D. as
( ) 25. In winter, the weather starts __________ colder than before.
A. get B. gets C. to get D. got
( ) 26. ---- Mothers can do ______ for their children. ---- I think so. Our mothers are great.
A. everything B. thing C. nothing D. something
( ) 27. Alice wants to__________ this summer holiday with her parents in Shanghai.
A. cost B. pay C. spend D. take
( ) 28. ---- Who's that man over there? ---- Uncle Sam. He is my_____. He is visiting me now.
A. relate B. relative C. relation D. related
( ) 29. ---- How does Linda hurt her leg? ---- She __________ her bike.
A. fall from B. fell down C. falls from D. falls down
( ) 30. I think this present is __________ one for me in the world.
A. nice B. the nice C. nicest D. the nicest
IV．完形填空。（共10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后每小题的四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。（共10小题，每小题1分).
The Artic Region(北极地区) is one of the coldest place in the world. It is cold all the year round. Spring come from May to June. The ice and _____31_____ begin to melt (融化). The plants begin_____32_____and the animals look for food. The summer comes from July to August. The temperature in summer can get only -8℃. It should be_____33_____ warmest season here. Autumn comes from_____34_____to October and it last short. _____35_____ comes quickly from November to April next year. Winter is the_____36_____ and coldest season of a year. And the Artic Region is filled with ice and snow everywhere. At this time there is no_____37_____. So it looks like night in winter.
Are there any people living in such a_____38_____ place？Yes, they are Eskimos (爱斯基摩人). It is _____39_____ for them to live there, _____40_____ they live happily with a long history.
( ) 31. A. rain B. sonw C. sunshine D. cloud
( ) 32. A. grow B. grows C. to grow D. to growing
( ) 33. A. / B. a C. an D. the
( ) 34. A. September B. October C. August D. April
( ) 35. A. Spring B. Summer C. Autumn D. Winter
( ) 36. A. shortest B. longest C. warmest D. hottest
( ) 37. A. sunshine B. rain C. ice D. snow
( ) 38. A. hot B. warm C. cool D. cold
( ) 39. A. happy B. easy C. difficult D. different
( ) 40. A. and B. but C. so D. because
V．阅读理解。（25分）
A)阅读下列短文，从每小题的四个选项中选出最佳选项．（共15小题．每小题1分）
A
The following is the weather chart (天气图表) of four cities in the world on a day:
( ) 41. Which city is the hottest?
A. Guangzhou. B. New York. C. London. D. Sydney.
( ) 42. Which two cities are cloudy on that day?
A. Sydney and Guangzhou. B. New York and London.
C. London and Sydney. D. Guangzhou and New York.
( ) 43. In what order are the following cities from high to low temperature?
A. Guangzhou - New York - London - Sydney.
B. Guangzhou - London - Sydney - New York.
C. New York - Sydney - Guangzhou - London.
D. (Guangzhou - Sydney - London - New York.
( ) 44. In which city can children make snowmen on that day?
A. Guangzhou. B. New York. C. London. D. Sydney.
( ) 45. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Guangzhou is the hottest city.
B. People in New York should wear more warm clothes.
C. Maybe it is going to rain in London.
D. People in Sydney may make snowmen.
B
The weather report said that it was going to be rainy on the ceremony (开幕式) of 2012 London Olympic Games. But the truth tells us it doesn't rain. The weather in Britain (英国) is changeable (变化多端的). For example, it is sunny now, but it will be cloudy or rainy in a few minutes. And many British people often talk about weather when they meet.
There is much rain in Britain. So people cherish (珍惜) the sunshine very much. When it is a sunny day, they will go out to enjoy the sunshine on the grass, hold a party with their friends and families outside their houses or do exercise. The rain is not heavy in Britain, so people never take an umbrella even though they know it is going to rain.
( ) 46. How is the weather in Britain?
A. It is sunny. B. It is rainy. C. It is cloudy. D. It is changeable.
( ) 47. Why do British people cherish the sunshine very much?
A. Because there is little rain in Britain.
B. Because there is much rain in Britain.
C. Because there is no sunshine in Britain.
D. Because they like doing exercise.
( ) 48. What do British people often do when it is a sunny day?
A. They go out to enjoy the sunshine on the grass.
B. They hold a party with their friends and families outside their houses.
C. They do exercise.
D. Above all.
( ) 49. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. It is rainy on the ceremony of 2012 London Olympic Games.
B. British people don't talk about weather when they meet.
C. It often rains heavily in Britain.
D. British people don't like to take an umbrella with them even though it is going to rain.
( ) 50. The word "truth" is similar to (相近) the word " __________ " in the passage.
A. example B. thing C. fact D. matter
C
Australia is not a hot country all the year round. Remember the seasons are different when you're going from China. This means:
● If it's summer in China, it's winter in Australia.
● If it's autumn in China, it's spring in Australia.
● If it's winter in China, it' s summer in Australia.
● If it's spring in China, it's autumn in Australia.
So the hottest months in Australia are December, January and February. In these months, you may want to go southern countries to escape the hot weather. The coldest months are June, July and August - a perfect time to visit here. When the wet season runs in many of the northern countries from November to April, Townsville (汤斯维尔) in Australia also has a wet season. But it is shorter, usually from mid-December to the end of March. From June to August, the capitals(首都) in the southern of the world usually receive their heaviest rainfalls(降雨量).
Plan your journey well before you visit Australia.
( ) 51. When it is summer in Guangzhou, what season is it in Australia?
A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Autumn. D. Winter.
( ) 52. Lily likes cold weather, and she wants to visit the north of Australia. Which months should she go EXCEPT ________?
A. May B. June C. July D. August
( ) 53. What does the underlined word "escape" mean?
A．享受 B．寻找 C．逃避 D．度过
( ) 54. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Many people may want to go to the southern countries in January.
B. The wet season in the northern countries is from November to March.
C. The wet season in Townsville is shorter:
D. There is much rain in June in the southern countries.
( ) 55. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Difference between China and Australia.
B. The different weather in China and Australia
C. Australia - a hot country.
D. Weather in Australia and when to go there.
B)以所给的六个单词中选出五个补全对话。（共5小题，每小题1分）
A. blows B. relatives C. use D. spend
E. packet F. brightly
A: It's really a good day, isn't it?
B: Sure. The sun shines (56) ________ and the wind (57) ________ gently.
A: Why not go to see our (58) ________ in the town?
B: It's a good idea. I miss them for a long time.
A: I think we have to buy some presents for them.
B: Right. Maybe we can buy some cakes and put them in a beautiful (59) ________.
A: We still have to (60) ________ two hours taking a bus there. So we have to go now.
B: OK. Let's go.
C)从所给的六个句子中选出五个补全对话。（共5小题．每小题1分）。
A. Winter in Guangzhou is always cold and wet.
B. It never snows in Guangzhou.
C. It's too wet and we are easy to fall ill.
D. It sounds good.
E. What a pity (遗憾)!
F. The weather here is nice.
A: Hello, Peter. It's very cold these days, isn't it?
B: Yes. (61) ________
A: Do you like the weather here?
B: No. (62) ________
A: Does it snow in Guangzhou?
B: (63) ________ So we cannot make snowmen for fun.
A: (64) ________ Why not go to Beijing to spend your Spring Festival with me?
B: (65) ________ See you then.
A: See you.
VI. 用所给词的适当形式完成句子。(共10小题,每小题1分)
66. The boy makes a plan for a long ________ (trip).
67. We should try doing ________ (everything) to save the people.
68. The small cat makes lots of ________ (footprint) on the snow ground.
69. It is sunny today! I just want to have a ________ (picnic) with my classmates in the park.
70. She ________ (spend) one hour riding a bike today.
71. Uncle Wang and Uncle Li are all my ________ (relative).
72. I visit my ________ (grandparent) home with my mum every summer holiday.
73. The sun shines ________ (bright). Shall we go to the park?
74. My hometown is ________ (snow) every winter.
75. The wind ________ (blow) a piece of my paper away. I can't find it．
Ⅶ．书面表达。（10分）
请你根据下面的内容提示，以“The Mid-Autumn Festival”为题，写一篇关于中秋节的文章。60词左右，可以适当发挥。
提示：
1．中秋节(Mid - Autumn Festival)在秋天，那时天气不太热也不太冷，非常凉爽；
2．中秋节那天我们全家一起吃月饼(mooncake)和水果，晚上赏月；
3．玩花灯(play lanterns)是非常有趣的；
4．小孩子最开心，可以玩游戏，提着漂亮的灯笼到处(here and there)跑。
The Mid-Autumn Festival
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
I. (One possible version)
1. brightly 2. snowy 3. Australia 4. shines 5. dry
6. wet 7. kick 8. town 9. during 10. blows
II. (One possible version)
11. take a trip 12. go on a picnic
13. make snowmen 14. spends time with
15. important to study 16. fly kites
17. at this time of year 18. go swimming
19. in the south of 20. the best
III. 21-25 DABCC 26-30 ACBCD
IV. 31-35 BCDAD 36-40 BADCB
V. 41-45 ABADB 46-50 DBDDC 51-55 DACBD
56-60 FABED 61-65 ACBED
VI. (One possible-version)
66. trip 67. everything
68. footprints 69. picnic
70. spends 71. relatives
72. grandparents 73. brightly
74. snowy 75. blows
VII. (One possible version)
The Mid-Autumn Festival is in Autumn. At that time, the weather is not too hot or too cold. It is very cool. On that day our family have mooncakes and fruit together. And we often enjoy the moonlight at night. It is interesting for us to play lanterns. The children are the happiest. They can play games and run here and there with the beautiful lanterns;