Module1 Amazing things Unit 1 Encyclopaedias 学案

课题:Unit1 Encyclopaedias
年级 ：初二 科目 ：英语
初二英语讲义1
知识点讲解：（重点词汇、短语）
Getting Ready:
1.human?人的，the?human?body人体??
【知识拓展】human，人，也写作human?being。?
__________________________________ 狗的听觉比人灵敏的多。?
练习：
1）.We?are?all?h______beings.?
2）.Wolves?will?not?usually?attack（袭击)?h__________.???????
3）.These?robots?are?just?like?h_________.
learn?about?获悉，得知，了解到
【提示】about是介词，后面接名词，代词做宾语，about?也可用of代替。
________________________________________ 听到她生病的消息，我们都很难过。
3.listen?to?意为“听”。listen?意为“听”，指听的过程，强调动作，是不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语，若表示听某人或某事时，后面要加介词to，to后接名词或代词。?
例：Listen?to?a?radio?programme?about?the?“Human?Encyclopedia”.?
听关于“百科全书”的广播节目。?
练习?
1）.我很高兴帮你了解中国。?
I?am?glad?to?help?you?______???__________China.?
2）.我经常听收音机学习英语。?
I?often?_____???________??_______??_______and?learn?English.?
4. inventor?发明家???
_____________________________________ 他是一位有名的发明家。?
【知识拓展】
（1）invent?发明，创造，指发明，创造出来的是以前没有的东西。?
?Gilbert?discovered?electricity，but?Edison _______________?the?light?bulb.?
吉尔伯特发现了电，但爱迪生发明了灯泡。
?(2)invention?发明???
___________________________________ ?marked?the?beginning?of?a?new?era.?
计算机的发明标志着一个新时代的开始。
5.useful adj. “有用的，有益的，有帮助的”。useful是由名词use加后缀-ful构成的形容词，常在句中充当表语或定语。
This dictionary is very useful to us.
This is a useful book for English beginners.
Reading :
1. Look up “查阅；查询”，强调的词典、参考书等工具书里查询。
_______________________________________我们可以在词典中查新单词。
拓展：①. look up 仰视；向上看
He looked up from his book as I came into the room.
. look的相关短语：
look around____________ look out __________________
look like_____________ look the same_________
look forward to____________
2. be born “出生”，其后可接地点或时间状语。
be born in +地点 be born in/on+时间
达芬奇出生在乡村。_________________________________
我生于1997年。_________________________________
3. famous adj. 著名的，可以做表语和定语
She is famous sports star in the world.
辨析： be famous for 与be famous as
be famous for
Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.
be famous as
He is famous as a singer.
【活学活用】
Einstein________________?his?Theory?of?Relativity. 爱因斯坦以他的《相对论》而闻名
?Einstein?________________?a?great?scientist. 爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家而著称。?
This?area?_________________?its?green?tea.? 这个地区以绿茶而出名。
For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines.
for?example?与?such?as? “例如”
◎for?example?用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只列举同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，做插入语，可放在句首，句中或句末。?
◎such?as?用来举例，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个为例，插在被例举的事物与名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。?
【活学活用】?
1）I?know?many?of?them,?_________________Mike,?Tom?,and?Bill.
2）_______________________________________ 例如，我会在学习上帮助你。?
include vt.包含，包括
The children include twenty girls.
【词语辨析】include?,?including?,?included?
（1）include?为及物动词，意为“包含，包括”指整体中包含明确说出的某些部分，有时不一定举出所包含的全部内容。?
（2）including?介词，意为“包含，包括”?
?（3）included?为形容词，意为“包括在内的”，常用于名词之后。它和including引起的短语含义相同，但是在句中的词序位置不同。?
【活学活用】
(1) Everybody??had??something?to?say,?_________________ me.?
(2) ______________________?both?house?and?furniture. 价钱包括房子和家具?
(3) There?are?seven?people,______________________.? 共有七人，包括四位男士。?
③drawing 可数名词，图画；素描图
辨析：drawing, picture 与painting
drawing
指素描、工程图、线条图、铅笔画、钢笔画等
picture
指图片、图画、照片等。指照片时，与photo意义相同
painting
指着色的水彩画、油画等
5.Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings.
more than “超过；多于”
They have more than a car.
拓展:no more than ( = only) 仅仅；不过 not more than 不多于；不超过
million “百万”
millions of …“数百万的……”，其后接可数名词的复数形式，不与具体数字连用。
hundred, thousand和million的用法相同。
Millions of people help them in different ways.
There are about two thousand students in this school.
【活学活用】
Football is so exciting that of people in the world play it.
A. millions of B. million of C. two millions of
6. everywhere adv. 到处(=here and there)
辨析：everywhere, nowhere, anywhere 与somewhere
everywhere
到处
用于肯定句
nowhere
表示否定的含义
anywhere
多用于否定句和疑问句
somewhere
用于肯定句
7. as... as... “与……一样……”，当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用“as+形容词/副词原级+ as”结构，表示“（A与B）一样……”
This tree is as tall as that one.
拓展：比较两个对象时，一方不及另一方，用“not/so+形容词/副词原级+ as”结构，表“A不如B……“
Our school is not so big as yours.
--- English isn’t as as Chinese.
--- Maybe, perhaps it’s just because Chinese is your native language.( 2013 甘肃白银)
A. easy B. easily C. easier D. easiest
8. comes out of his/her mother/s body
out of _________________
The workers are coming out of the meeting room.
look out of ________________ rush out of _____________________
take out of ________________ jump out of ____________________
9. outside prep.____________, 反义词：____________
Let’s play games outside the house.
adv. _________
It’s raining outside. Let’s stay inside and watch TV!
10. at the end of ..._______________________，既可指地点，也可指时间。
in the end_______________，其后不接of短语。
11. Person 指个别人，其复数指具体的数量对于1的人
Six persons were injured in the car accident.
People 集合名词，通常为复数，泛指“人，人们”，一般不指具体的人
Some people may not support us.
Man 除指“男人”外，还泛指一般的人
Any man with eyes can see it.
12 “used to + 动词原形”意为“过去常常做某事”，并且暗含有“现在已不做”之意。
I used to go to that primary school.
翻译句子:过去我们经常写信，而现在写电子邮件。
We , but now we write e-mails. (2013辽宁中考)
13. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事，有时本结构与help sb. with sth.相同。
He often helps me (to) study English. = He often helps me with my English.
拓展：help oneself to_________________
Help yourselves to some fish, children.
②can’t help doing.___________________
She can’t help laughing.
14.just like “____________”, like prep. 像， 后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。
Everyone would like a clean classroom, just like home.
15. something important _________________, 形容词作定语修饰something, anything, nothing等不定代词时，要放在这些不定代词的后面。
(2013 湖北孝感) My host family tried to cook for me when I studied in New Zealand.
A. different something B. different anything
C. something different D. anything different
16.remember vt.记住
辨析：remember to do sth. 与remember doing sth.
remember to do sth. __________________________
Please remember to close the light.
remember doing sth. __________________________
I remember closing the light.
17. Some were small; others were huge.
some ... others ... ________________
others指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部。
翻译：公园里面有许多人。一些在散步，另一些在爬山。
________________________________________________________________________
拓展：some ... the others ..._______________
the others 指剩下的全部包含在内的”其余人或事物“。
There are some children on the beach. Some can swim but the others can’t.
18. How long did dinosaurs live on Earth before they disappeared?
how long “多长时间”, 用于提问一段时间。它还可以用来提问物体的长度，意为“多长”。
How long is the river?
南京中考 --- do you watch TV every week?
--- Less than two hours. I often have much homework to do.
A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How often
19 .find?out?“查明，弄清楚情况”指找出比较难找的抽象事物。?
【知识拓展】
（1）find强调经过寻找后的结果，表示“发现”?
（2）find?out?意为“发现，弄清，查明”强调“经过调查，研究或仔细搜寻而得出某一事情的真相或结论”?
（3）look?for?意为“寻找”着重找的过程。?
【活学活用】?
1）他下决心查明那个男孩发生了什么事情。?
He?decided?to?_____??_________what?had?happened?to?the?boy.?
2）让我们去寻找答案。?
Let's?go?and?________??_________?the?answers.
3）我在路上发现了一块表。?
__________________________________________
4）我到处找我的猫，但是没找到。?
__________________________________________
巩固提高
I．请默写下列短语
灭绝?______________????????????? ? ??2.多于?_______________?
3.在乡村?________________??????? ? ?4.例如?_________________?
5.人类?_________________?? 6.?在世界上__________________________?
7.?了解，?弄清楚?______________????? ?8.?从很小年龄开始?____________________?
9.?去散步?_______________???????????? 10.?艺术能力?__________________??
11.?通过…了解，得知?______________??12.?学会做某事?_______________________?
13.?出生于?____________???????????? ??14.?长大?___________________?
15.?查阅（字典等）?________________??16.?最著名的画____________________?
17.?爬出来?_________________??????? ?18.?在…中心?________________________?
用所给单词的适当形式完成句子。
?The?light?bulb?is?a?very?important?___________?(invent)?in?history.?
2.?I?have?three?classes?to?attend?__________?(include)?an?English?class.?
3.?Fortunately,?my?cousin?__________?(win)?a?big?prize?the?day?before?yesterday.?
4.?Rose?showed?high_______________?(intelligent)?from?an?early?age.?
5.?Lily?is?able?_______?(speak)?English?well.?
6.?The?man?over?there?was_______?(bear)?in?a?poor?family?in?1971.?
7.?They?come?from?________?(Italian),?maybe?they?are?Italians.?
8.?My?dream?is?to?be?a?_________?(science)?
9.His?mother?is?an_________(art)?.?
10.?The?students?over?there?have?different?kinds?of?____________(able)
II．单项选择。
从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以替代划线部分的最佳选项。?
(?? ?)?1.?---?A?good?British?breakfast?always?includes?sausage,?butter?and?bread.????????
---?You?mean?they?will?eat?them?every?morning??
A.?has???????B.?identifies???????C.?locks?
(? ??)?2.?---?Doctor?Smith?warmly?invited?Mary?to?his?hometown?this?summer.????????
---?Perhaps?she?will?pay?a?visit?to?London.?
A.?Maybe????B.?Suddenly???????C.?Finally?
(? ??)?3.?---?There?are?still?a?few?pandas?in?the?world,?but?we?cannot?find?any?dinosaurs?at?all.????????
---?Of?course.?They?died?out?hundreds?of?millions?of?years?ago.?
A.?appeared?????B.?disappeared????C.?made?up?
(? ??)?4.?---?They?have?the?ability?to?complete?the?difficult?work?on?time.?You?don’t?need?to?worry?about?them.????????
---?I?hope?everything?goes?well.?
A.?are?connected?to???B.?want?to?????C.?are?able?to??
( ???)?5.?---From?an?early?age,?she?could?help?her?mother?do?some?housework.????????
---?I?think?I?should?learn?from?her.?
A.?When?she?was?ill??B.?When?she?was?very?young??C.?When?she?was?born??
(??? )?6.---The?baby?was?born?on?a?cold?winter?night.?
A.?lefts?its?parents?????B.came?out?of?its?mother’s?body??C.??went?to?see?a?doctor.?
( ???)7.?---My?grandparents?prefer?living?in?the?countryside.?
A.?Outside?the?cities?and?towns???B.?in?the?contre?of?the?cities?and?towns??
C.?Inside?the?cities?and?towns??
(? ??)8.?As?a?wise?lady,?she?made?a?correct?choice.?
A.?Intelligent????B.?beautiful????C.?well-dressed?
( ???)9.?A?library?is?a?place?to?find?out?about?anything.?
A.?know???B.?talk?????C.?think?
(? ??)10.?The?dog?barked?at?the?man?suddenly.?
?? ?A?quickly?and?surprisingly????B.?excitedly????C.?in?a?low?voice
B)从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。????
( ???)?11.?---?To?＿＿＿?the?game?means?to?be?successful?in?the?game.?
A.?win???????????B.?play??????????C.?join??
( ???)?12.?---?If?you?＿＿＿?something?such?as?a?machine?or?a?process,?you?are?the?first?person?to
?think?of?it?or?make?it.?
A.?invent????????B.?imagine????C.?develop?
( ???)?13.?---?Do?you?know?why?we?cannot?find?any?dinosaurs?in?the?world?now????????????
---?Oh,?it?is?a?mystery(迷)?to?science.?＿＿＿?knows?why.?
A.?Somebody???B.?Everybody??C.?Nobody?
( ???)?14.?---?I?like?reading?historical?stories?because?I?can?＿＿?things?which?happened?many?years
? ago.??????????
?---?That?is?very?interesting.?
A.?care?about??????B.?learn?about???C.?look?after?
( ???)?15.?---?It?＿＿＿＿?have?a?dictionary?at?hand?when?you?learn?new?words.???????????
---?Yes,?I?agree?with?you.?
A.?is?used?to???B.?is?bad?to??C.?is?useful?to?
( ???)?16.—A(n)______is?a?person?who?plays?a?musical?instrument?as?a?job.??????
A,?inventor?????B.?musician?????C.?scientist??
(?? ?)?17.?A(n)_____is?a?book?or?set?of?books?that?has?information?on?a?wide?variety?of?topics.?
A.?inventor??????B.??dinosaur?????C.?encyclopaedia??
( ???)?18.?________refers?to?the?ability?to?learn,?understand?and?think?in?a?logical?way?about?things?
A.?Responsibility???B.?duty?????C.?intelligence??
(? ??)?19.?---?Peter,?would?you?like?＿＿＿＿?cookies?????????????---?No,?thanks.?
A.?any????B.?anything???C.?something???D.?some?
( ???)?20.?---?I?think?＿＿＿?can?make?Andy?change?his?mind.?He?is?such?a?person?who?never gives
?up?easily.?
A.?something???B.?anything???C.?nothing????D.?everything?
(?? ?)?21.?---?Mike?comes?from?Australia.?＿＿＿＿,?he?can?speak?Chinese?very?well.?????????????
---?Oh,?he?learnt?＿＿＿＿?Chinese?when?he?was?only?five.?
A.?And;?spoken???B.?However;?to?speak??C.?Or;?speak??????D.?So;?speaking?
( ???)?22.---?Thomas?＿＿＿＿?great?interest?in?learning?when?he?was?very?young.????????
?---?Yes.?He?knew?how?to?＿＿?new?words?in?the?dictionary?at?the?age?of?6.?????????
A.?showed;?look?up????B.?showed;?look?for???C.?gave;?look?at??D.?gave;?look?out???
(? ??)?23.?---Mike?can?run?as?＿＿＿＿?as?Sam.???????????---?Yes,?but?Tom?runs＿＿＿faster.?
A.?fast;?even???B.?faster;?still???C.?faster;?also??D.?fast;?too?
( ???)24.??We?learn?quite?a?few?subjects,?______English?and?Maths.?
A.?included????B.?including????C.?include??
( ???)25.?It?is?nearly?nine?o’clock?and?our?teacher?will?________walk?in?at?any?moment.?
A.?is?possibly?to??B.?maybe?to??C.?probably????D.??perhaps?to
II语法填空
Last?Saturday,?we?went?to?the?Beijing?Museum?of?Natural?History.?We?were?very?1.________(interesting)?in?dinosaurs,?so?we?visited?the?Dinosaur?World?first.?There?we2.?________(see) many
big?dinosaur?eggs.?A?group?of?scientists?found3.______(this)?eggs?in?the?Gobi?Desert?in?the?1920s.
Dinosaurs?laid(产卵)?4.______?(they)?long?long?ago.?From?an?encyclopaedia,we?have?learned that
dinosaurs?lived?on?Earth?more?than?60?million?years?before?human5.________?(being).?They?lived
everywhere?on?Earth.?Some?dinosaurs?were?as?small?as?chickens.?6.__________?were?as?big?as?ten
?elephants?.They?lived?on?Earth7.?________?more?than?150?million?years.?Then?they?all?died?out
?suddenly.?
??In?the?museum,?we?saw?a?very?special?dinosaur.?People?found?it?in?Liaoning?Province,?8.__________it?was?covered?with?feathers(被羽毛所覆盖).?It?looked?9.?___________?a?big?bird.?Many?
scientists believe?(相信)?that?dinosaurs?have?not?died?out.?They?10._______(think)?dinosaurs?have
become birds.
IV.?完形填空。
Jack?opened?a?shop?and?made?lots?of?money.?But?he?had?few?friends?because?he__1___?shared
his things?with?others.?
???One?day,?Jack?had?a?bad?headache.?His?wife___2___?about?him?and?took?him?to?the?hospital.?A
woman?doctor ?___3____?Jack?over?and?asked?him?to?go?back?home.?After?a?week,?the?doctor?told
Jack?he had?cancer?(癌症).?The 4 ?that?Jack?had?cancer?spread(传播)?soon.Jack?decided?to
__5_____?home?and?travel?around?the?world?with?his?wife.?He?gave?his?car?to?his?neighbor.He?
even gave?his?houses?to?the?workers?in?his?shop.?People?were?very ___6_____to?Jack.?And?Jack?
made?some?good?friends?and?became?very?happier.?On?the?day _____7____?Jack?flew?to?America,
he?got?a?call?from?the ___8____.?The?doctor?said ____9_____?to?Jack?on?the?phone because?she
made?a?mistake.?Another ___10______?with?the?same?name?as?Jack?got?cancer.?There?was?nothing
wrong?with?Jack.
Jack?lost?money,?but?he?got?other?important?things?---?friends,?love?and?happiness.?
(? ??)?1.?A.?sometimes???B.?never????????C.?usually?
(? ??)?2.?A.?looked??????B.?worried??????C.?thought?
( ???)?3.?A.?checked?????B.?thought??????C.?talked?
(? ??)?4.?A.?dream??????B.?question??????C.?news?
(? ??)?5.?A.?come???????B.?start?????????C.?leave?
(? ??)?6.?A.?thankful?????B.?careful???????C.?helpful?
(? ??)?7.?A.?but?????????B.?before????????C.?around?
(? ??)?8.?A.?factory??????B.?farm?????????C.?hospital?
(? ??)?9.?A.?thanks??????B.?hello?????????C.?sorry?
(? ??)?10.?A.?doctor?????B.?patient????????C.?nurse?
V．阅读理解。
A
What?is?the?largest?animal?in?the?world??Where?is?Denmark??Who?made?the?first?pizza?
To?answer?these?questions,?you?may?need?an?encyclopaedia.?An?encyclopaedia?is?a?book?with?
facts?on?topics?in?every?field?of?knowledge.?Which?one?should?you?choose??Encyclopaedia?
Britannica?is?a?good?choice(选择).?
It?is?the?oldest?and?largest?English-language encyclopaedia?in?the world.?It?was?first published?in
the?18th?century?in?Scotland.?Many?people?think?it?is?the?best?encyclopaedia.??
?? From?the?18th?century?to?the?early?20th?century,?articles?in?Encyclopaedia?Britannica?were?long?and?hard?to?understand.?It?soon?became?the?favorite?encyclopaedia?of?scholars?(学者).?But later,
more?and?more?common?people?began?to?use?Encyclopaedia?Britannica?because?the?articles?
became?shorter?and?easier?to?read.??
? ?Today?people?still?think?articles?in?Encyclopaedia?Britannica?are?reliable(可靠的)?and
well-written. In?2004,?it?had?about?120.000 articles,?with?44?million?words.?
??To?buy?the?Encyclopaedia?Britannica,?you?have?to?spend?around?1,400?dollars?(about?11,200?
yuan).?It?also?has?a?CD-ROM?version(版本)?which?costs?about?50?dollars.?
??In?1994,?Encyclopaedia?Britannica?was?first?put?online.?You?can?read?short?introductions?of?articles?for?free?from?the?website.?But?for?the?full?articles?for?free?from?the?website,?but?for?the?full?text,?you?have?to?pay?about?12?dollars?a?month?or?70?dollars?a?year.?
( ???)?1.?Which?of?the?answers?to?the?questions?may?be?found?in?Encyclopaedia?Britannica??
A.?What?is?the?largest?animal?in?the?world?????B.?Who?made?the?first?pizza??
C.?Where?is?Denmark?????????????????????D.?All?of?the?above.?
(? ??)?2.?Why?did?Not?common?people?like?to?use?Encyclopaedia?Britannica?at?first??
A.?Because?it?was?too?expensive.?
B.?Because?they?didn’t?have?computers.?
C.?Because?the?articles?in?it?were?not?easy?to?understand.?
D.?Because?they?didn’t?have?any?questions.?
(?? ?)?3.?How?much?do?you?pay?if?you?want?to?buy?an?Encyclopaedia?Britannica?and?its??CD-ROM
?version??
A.?About?$?1,400.????B.?About?$1,450.???C?About?$11,200.??D.?About?$70.?
( ???)?4.?How?long?was?the?Encyclopaedia?Britannica?put?online??
A.?For?22?years.??B?.For?12?years.???C.For?one?century.??D.?For?18?years.??
( ???)?5.?What?is?the?best?title?for?the?passage??
A.?Encyclopaedia?Britannica.???B.How?to?find?answers.?
C.?Useful?websites.????????? ??D.Knowledge?is?power.?
B
At?first?David?McConnell?sold?books?door-to-door.?Housewives?were?not?interested?in?the?
books.?Usually?before?he?had?some?time?to?say?something?about?his?books,?the?women?closed?theirdoors.?But?he?never?gave?up.?McConnell?decided?to?give?each?of?them?a?present,?a?bottle?of?perfume?(香水)?made?by?himself.?He?soon?found?that?the?women?liked?the perfume?better?than?the?books.
He?stopped?selling?books?and?began?to?sell?perfume.?He?opened?his?own?company?"Avon",?and?it?was?a?great?success.?When?you?do?nothing,?you?learn?nothing.?But?when?you?try,?even?though(即使)you?are?not?successful,?you?will?learn?what?doesn't?work?and?what?puts?you?closer?to?success.?
It doesn't?matter?that?you?will?be?successful?one?day.??Edison?is?not?on?the?way?to?success?until?
people?bought?his?first?invention.?Success?once?is?enough?for?Edison.?And?the?same?for?you?–?
success?once?is?enough.??
( ??)?6.?David?McConnell?was?finally?successful?as?? .
A.?a?book?seller?????????B.?a?perfume?seller??????C.?a?worker??????D.a?teacher?
( ??)?7.?Where?did?the?gifts?of?perfume?come?from??
? A.?McConnell?bought?them?in?the?store.???????B.?McConnell?made?them?by?himself.??
C.?McConnell's?friend?sent?him?as?gifts.???????D.?McConnell's?parents?bought?them.???
(? ?)?8.?What?did?David?McConnell?find?after?sending?the?perfume???
??????A.?The?women?didn't?like?the?perfume?at?all.?????????
B.?The?women?didn't?have?money?to?buy?books.??????????
C.?The?women?liked?the?perfume?better?than?the?books.??
D.?The?women?wanted?to?sell?perfume?instead?of?books.??
(?? )?9.?Which?is?TRUE?according?to?the?passage????
A.?David?McConnell?sold?books?in?a?book?store.?????
B.?David?McConnell?sold?his?books?successfully.??
C.?David?McConnell?never?gave?up?selling?books.??
D.?David?McConnell?opened?his?own?company?"Avon".??
(? ?)?10.?The?writer?wants?to?tell?us?_________.???
A.?never?to?do?anything?????????????????? B.?to?give?up?something?easily??
C.?never?to?stop?trying?hard????????????????D.?never?to?try?hard?