Module1 Amazing things.Unit 2 Numbers.语法及练习（有答案）

单元语法——数词
一、基数词：表示数目
（一）基数词的构成：最基本的基数词如下表
1—19：
1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten
11 eleven 12 twelve 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen18 eighteen 19 nineteen
20-90：
20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety
100 a/one hundred 1, 000 a/one thousand 1, 000, 000 a/one million
1, 000, 000, 000 a/ one billion 1, 000, 000, 000,000 a/ one trillion
（二）其他基数词的构成：
(1)21 ~99的两位数，在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成。
如： 53 fifty-three
(2)101—999的三位数，由hundred加and再加末尾两位数
如：325 three hundred and twenty-five
（三）基数词的用法：
(1)当hundred, thousand, million, billion等和of连用，表示粗略的数目时，须用复数。如： hundreds of people数以百计的人
但如果hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有具体数词或several时，须用单数： six hundred people 600人
(2)表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”时，用逢十的基数词的复数。如：
in the thirties在30年代 in his fifties在他50多岁时
(3)与基数词合成的复合形容词，其中的名词用单数。如：
a three-month-old baby三个月大的婴儿 a five-year plan一个五年计划
（四）基数词表示算式：本部分介绍的是加减乘除运算的读法。add与and、subtract与from、multiply和divide与by为固定搭配。
祈使句
“主—系—表”结构
加（A+B）
Add A and B.
A plus B equals/is(A+B)
减（A—B）
Subtract B from A
A minus B equals/is(A-B)
乘(A x B)
Multiply A by B
A multiplied by B equals/is(A x B)
除(A ÷ B)
Divide A by B
A divided by B equals/is(A ÷ B)
如：
祈使句
“主—系—表”结构
2+18
18—2
2 x 18
18 ÷ 2
二、序数词：表示顺序
序数词一般以与之相应的基数词加词尾-th构成，但要注意一些特殊形式。
（一）序数词及相应序数词缩略式：
1 one first 1st 2 two second 2nd 3 three third 3rd
5 five fifth 5th 8 eight eighth 8th 9 nine ninth 9th
12 twelve twelfth 12th 20 twenty twentieth 20th
21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st 22 twenty-two twenty-second 22nd
23 twenty-three twenty-third 23 rd
（二）序数词的用法
①作主语 e.g. The third of the month was a holiday.
②作表语 e.g. Who was the third?
③作定语 e.g. We live on the fifth floor.
④作宾语 e.g. I was among the first to learn of this.
⑤作同位语 e.g. Who is that man, the first in the front row?
⑥作状语 e.g. When did you first meet him?
注：序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the ；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a 或an时,则表示“再……", “又……"。You can do it a second time. 你可以再做一次。
（三）特别提示
以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i, 再加-eth。
其他序数词的构成：
几十几及以上的序数词，其中十位数或百位数、千位数等用基数词，只有个位数才用序数词。
如： 128th: one hundred and twenty-eighth
752nd: seven hundred and fifty-second
(2)hundred, thousand, million的序数词均在基数词后加-th构成，hundredth, thousandth, millionth
三、数词的应用
分数表示法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数。
如：one-fourth(a quarter)四分之一，two-fifths五分之二
小数表示法：小数的表示法，小数点前的部分同其他数词一样，小数点用point, 小数点后面的数都把它读成个位数，如：
21. 25表示为twenty-one point two five
136. 45表示为one hundred and thirty-six point four five
百分数表示法：
表示百分数直接将数词放在单词percent前面。如：
twenty percent百分之二十 seventy-five percent百分之七十五
特别提示：
分数和百分数后面不能直接跟名词或代词，而应是“分数或百分数 + of + 冠词或限定词 + 名词或代词”，其谓语动词与of后面的名词在人称和数上保持一致。如：Two-fifths of the money was spent on books. 五分之二的钱用在买书上。
四．时刻表示法
1. 表示整点：用基数词加o'clock构成，o'clock也可省略，介词用at.
8: 00读作：eight o'clock （或eight）
2. 表示“几点过几分” 用past, 但分数必须在半小时以内（包括半小时）。
8: 05读作：five past eight （或eight five或eight o five）
8: 15读作：fifteen past eight （或a quarter past eight或eight fifteen）
8: 30读作：half past eight （或eight thirty）
3. 表示“几点差几分” 用介词to, 但分数必须在半小时以上（不包括半小时）
8: 40读作：twenty to nine（或eight forty）
8: 45读作：fifteen to nine（或a quarter to nine或eight forty-five）
8: 55读作：five to nine（或eight fifty-five）
五．编号表示法
1. 基数词和序数词可以表示事物的编号。着重编号，用“名词 + 基数词”；着重顺序，用“序数词 + 名词”。如：
Lesson One = the first lesson第一课
Chapter Four = the fourth chapter第四章
2. 电话号码读法。如：Tel. No. 797-7936或Telephone number
797-7936读作：Telephone number seven nine seven seven nine three six
3. 其他号码读法。如： Room 111 111房间（读作：room one one one）
Bus (No. ) 102 102路车（读作：bus (number） one o two)
page 176第176页（读作：page one hundred and seventy-six或page one seventy-six或page one seven six）
【活学活用】
一．单元语法巩固训练(写出下列基数词的序数词的形式)
1.one—_______ 2.two—_________ 3.three—___________
4.five—_______ 5.nine—__________ 6.twelve—___________
7.twenty—_______ 8.forty—__________ 9.five hundred—___________
Keys: first, second, third, fifth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, fortieth, five hundredth
二．用英语表达下列算式。
1．12-6=6 _______________________________________________
2.10+9=19________________________________________________
3.2 x 6=12__________________________________________________
4.24 ÷3=8_________________________________________________
Keys:12 minus 6 is/equals 6. 10 plus 9 equals/is 19
2 multiplied by 6 equals/is 12. 24 divided by 3 equals/is 8
三．单选选择
(???? ) 1. In February, there are only _________ days.
? A. twenty nine???? B. twenty-nineth???? C. twenty-nine????? D. twenty eight
(????? ) 2. The number 4,123 is read _______.
? A.?four thousand one hundred and twenty-three?
B. four thousand and one hundred twenty-three
? C.??four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three?
D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three
(??? ) 3. Four ________ two is two.?
A. plus????? B. minus?????? C. times?????? D. divided by
(??? ) 4. Three ________ five is eight.?
A. plus???? B. minus????? C. times????? D. divided by
(??? ) 5. Three ________ seven is twenty-one.
A. plus???? B. minus????? C. times????? D. divided by
(??? ) 6. Forty-two ________ seven is six.?
A. plus???? B. minus????? C. times????? D. divided by
(???? ) 7. The train from Shanghai will arrive ________.
? A. in quarter past six? B. in a quarter past six??
C. at quarter past six?? D. at a quarter past six
(?? ) 8. Our school is not very big. There are only ________ students.
? A. nine hundreds of?? B. nine hundred??? C. nine hundreds???? D. nine hundred of
Keys:1-8:DADAC　DDB
四．语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空。
I’m Ted. I’d like to tell you something about 1.________(I)birthday. Last Sunday was my 2._________(twelve)birthday. I planned to have a birthday party on Saturday night. I sent 50 3._________(invite) to my friends on Monday.
About 25 people told me they would come. On Saturday afternoon, I went to the supermarket 4._________ (buy) some food and drinks. I came home at round 17:30. I was 5._________（real）glad my parents helped clean the house.
The 6.__________ (one) person arrived at 18:00, and the others came later. Instead of the smaller number of 25, 40 people came. I didn’t have enough food or drinks for them, 7.__________ I had to have a party in town.
The party in town was fun. The music was 8.___________(beauty). We danced for a long time. We were all very happy.
The next day I 9.__________ my birthday with my parents. And I talked with my grandparents 10._________ the phone. I really had a great time.
Keys:1.my 2.twelfth 3.invitations 4.to buy 5.really 6.first 7.so 8.beautiful 9.spent 10.on
八年级(上) Unit 2 单元小测
I. 词汇运用。（共15小题，每小题1分）
i. 同义替换。（共8小题，每小题1分）
( )1. Read the instructions before you take the medicine.
A. directions B. books C. stories
( )2. Please check the answer carefully.
A. look over B. look into C. look up
( )3. I can't promise, but I'll do my best.
A. be careful B. be happy C. say certainly
( )4. A long time ago he was a very lazy man.
A. Before long B. Long before C. From then on
( )5. The king ordered his men to kill the little girl.
A. begged B. told C. said
( )6. If you think the price is too low, you can double it.
A. make it four times B. make it two halves C. make it twice
( )7. Amy won first prize in the English singing competition.
A. present B. ward C. honor
( )8. My father's favorite game is chess.
A. best liked B. most disliked C. best
ii. 词汇释义。（共3小题，每小题1分）
( ) 9. To _______ something means to write something again the same as the first one.
A. answer B. copy C. create
( ) 10. The _______ of something means the quantity of something.
A. amount B. way C. form
( ) 11. To do something _______ means to do something right.
A. correctly B. perfectly C. seriously
iii. 根据下文线索猜词。(共4小题，每小题1分)
( )12. I will do this job for________ my life. I will use the remaining part of my life to do it.
A. a part of B. the rest of C. most of
( ) 13. Jack________ his mistake at once after saying that.
A. made B. worried C. realized
( ) 14. Young people often asked that________ old man for advice when they had difficult problems as he was very clever.
A. happy B. wise C. stupid
( ) 15. There is always________ milk in the fridge, because Mum thinks drinking milk is good for my health.
A. enough B. few C. little
Ⅱ.语法填空。(共10小题,每小题1分)
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
What can you see between the two buildings in the picture? A house! Polish architect Jakub Szczesny built it as a (16)________ (work) place for Etgar Keret,
(17)________ we call this building Keret House. It's the center of Warsaw, Poland. The house is (18)________ (near) 3 meters above the ground, and visitors need to (19)________ (climb) stairs to enter the building.
The house is 92 centimeters at its narrowest point and 152 centimeters at its widest point. It (20)________ (look) like a big triangle and has two floors. There's a toilet as well as (21)________ bathroom, a kitchen, a table for two and a sofa on the first floor. On the second floor, you can see a bed, a table and a chair. It's the bedroom and the office. (22)________ (electric) of the house is from (23)________ neighboring building. Keret is the owner of the house but he just visits Warsaw (24)_______ (two)a year. When he is away, other (25)________ (artist) can use this house for free.
Ⅲ. 完形填空。（共10小题，每小题1.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
One day, a wise man was walking along the beach when he saw a young man far away picking up something and very gently throwing it into the sea. As he got 26 , he called out to the young man, "Good morning! What are you doing?".
The young man 27 , looked up and replied, "Throwing starfish into the sea."
"Why are you throwing starfish into the sea?"
"The sun is up and the 28 is going away. And if I don't throw them in, they'll 29 ." "But, young man, don't you 30 that there are miles and miles of beach and starfish all along it. You can't 31 make a difference!"
The young man 32 politely. Then he picked another starfish and threw it into the sea, and said, "It made a difference for that 33 ."
There is something very 34 in each and every one of us. We have all been given the ability to make a difference to shape the future. We must find our own starfish. And if we throw our starfish wisely and well, the 35 will be better.
( ) 26. A. better B. farther C. closer
( ) 27. A. continued B. stopped C. watched
( ) 28. A. water B. wind C. boat
( ) 29. A. leave B. die C. run
( ) 30. A. believe B. realize C. expect
( ) 31. A. possibly B. hardly C. especially
( ) 32. A. replied B. argued C. listened
( ) 33. A. day B. time C. one
( ) 34. A. special B. brave C. strange
( ) 35. A. family B. world C. house
Ⅳ，阅读理解。（共5小题，每小题2分）
阅读下面短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。.
Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a boy he was not happy in school. He seemed to be slower than others and he often failed his exams. Most of his teachers did not like him. His parents, however, loved him very much. They often said to the teachers, "Albert is a right boy. He failed some of the exams because he has no interest in those subjects." They believed their son would do something great. One day, the Einsteins and their friends were having a picnic by the riverside. Someone said, "See how the other children play and laugh, but not Albert. He just sits and looks at the river." Albert's mother heard this and said, "Albert is quiet, because he's thinking. Let's wait and see. He'll become a great scientist, I believe."
She was right. Later, Albert became one of the greatest scientists in the world. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.
( ) 36. Albert Einstein was _______.
A. an artist B. a journalist
C. a scientist D. a chemist
( ) 37. Einstein often failed some exams because
A. he was quiet
B. he wasn't interested in those subjects
C. he was not clever
D. he didn't study hard
( ) 38. Einstein's mother________.
A. understood her son
B. complained about her friend
C. was pleased with the teachers
D. often quarreled with others
( ) 39. How old was Albert Einstein when he got the Nobel Prize?
A. 12. B. 22.
C. 42. D. 52.
( ) 40. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Einstein enjoyed playing with others.
B. Einstein was happy at school.
C. Einstein did well in his exams.
D. Most teachers did not like Einstein.
KEYS：
I. 1-5 AACBB 6-10 CBABA 11-15 ABCBA
II. 16. working 17. so 18. nearly 19. climb 20. looks 21. a 22. Electricity
23. the 24. twice 25. artists
III. 26-30 CBABB 31-35 ACCAB
IV. 36-40 CBACD