Module 2 Science and technology.Unit 3 Computers.语法知识归纳及练习（有答案）

Unit3 Computers
单元语法——形容词比较级和最高级
一、形容词常修饰名词，放在名词前，形容词也可放在系动词be(am,?is,?are)，look,?sound,?seem,?taste,?smell,?feel等后面，（副词常用来修饰动词，例如：talk?quietly,?walk?quickly,?write?carefully?。）?
二、形容词的比较级和最高级的构成?
????1．单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成?
情况?
构成方式?
原级
比较级
最高级
一般情况
加-er或-est
new?
?
long
以e?结尾的词
加-r或-st
fine?
late?
以“辅音+y”?结尾的词?
变y为i再加-er?或-est
early?
happy?
重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母
先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est
hot?
thin?
fat
2．?多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或?most。如：?????
?原级????????????????????比较级?????????????????????????最高级??????
useful????????????????????????????
??difficult????
delicious
3．有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。?????????
原级??????????????????????比较级???????????????????????最高级
good/well????????????????better?????????????????????????best?????????
bad/ill????????????????????worse?????????????????????????worst?
?many/much???????????more?????????????????????????most????????
?little??????????????????????less??????????????????????????? least?
??far???????????????????????farther/further?????????????farthest/furthest????????
?old???????????????????????older/elder?????????????????????oldest/eldest
练习：写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级?
1.?strong______??________???????????????2.?busy?_________??_________????
?3.?big?________??________?????????????4.?popular_________??_________?????
5.?fast________?_____?????????????????6.?wide??_________?______
（二）形容词比较级的用法?
形容词的比较级常用来比较两种人或事物：
表示“A比B更加······”时，用“A+be+形容词比较级+than+B”
我比Tom高。_____________________________________?
在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时，用句型 “Which / Who is +比较级, ... or ...?”
如：Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one?
表示“两者之间最……的一个”时，用“the + 比较级”
如：Lucy is the taller of the twins.
(4)”比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”?
?????China?is?becoming?stronger?and?stronger.?
(5)“the+比较级+（主+谓），the+比较级+（主+谓）”表示“越……，就越……”，表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化。?
??????The?more?careful?you?are,?the?fewer?mistakes?you’ll?make.??
你越小心，你犯得错误会越少。
??(6)修饰比较级常用的词和短语有：far/much(……得多）,?even?（甚至）, a lot, a little, a bit, any等?
??????He?is?much?stronger?than?you.他比你强壮多了。?
??????Are?you?feeling?any?better?today?你今天感觉好多了吗？??????
I?feel?even?worse?now.?我现在感觉更糟糕了。
使用形容词比较级时的三个注意事项(易错点)：
1)比较的对象前后要保持一致。
(×)The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.
(√)The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
2)避免将主语包含在比较对象中。
(×)Tom is taller than any student in his class.
(√)Tom is taller than any other student in his class.
3)避免重复使用比较级：
(×)He is more cleverer than his brother.
(√)He is cleverer than his brother.
【中考题】Tom is___________(tall) than any other players in the school team.
tall B. taller C. tallest D. more taller
（三）?形容词最高级用法?
（1）常用于比较三个及以上的人或事物，在使用时，前面须加定冠词the,后面常跟比较范围。如：in?our?class,?in?the?world,?of?the?three?
Tom是我们班最高的一个。______________________________
?(2)当形容词最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格修饰词时，则不用the?????
This?is?my?busiest?day.?这是我最繁忙的一天。
????The?Changjiang?River?is?China’s?longest?river.?长江是中国最长的河。
(3)表示“最……的之一”时，用“one?of+the?+最高级+名词复数”?
Jay?Chou?is?one?of?the?most?popular?singers.??周杰伦是最流行的歌手之一。
(4)最高级前可加序数词?
?????The?Yellow?River?is?the?second?longest?river?in?China.黄河是中国第二大河。?
拓展：同级比较?
?表示两者是同等程度，用“as?+形容词原级/?副词原级?+?as”句型,?意思是“?和……?一样”。?表示两者不同程度时，用“not?so?(as)?+?形容词原级?/?副词原级?+?as”的句型，意思是“不如……”.它可与比较级互换。?
This?book?as?good?as?that?one.?Li?Ping?is?not?as?old?as?Wei?Fang.?
Swimming?is?not?as?interesting?as?fishing.?
=?Fishing?is?more?interesting?than?swimming.
▲形容词比较级和最高级之间的互换
最高级可以用比较级形式表达：
（1）比较级+than?any?other+单数名词?????????（2）比较级+than?the?other+复数名词?
【活学活用】
一．根据汉语提示，完成句子
1.中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。
China is _______ _________ __________ __________ country in Asia.
2.越来越多的人开始认识到环境污染问题。
_______ _________ ________ people begin to realize the environment pollution.
3.你比他瘦多了。
You are ________ ________ ________ he is.
4.赛跑是我知道的最有趣的运动。
Racing is _________ _________ __________ sport I’ve ever known.
5.济慈是伟大的浪漫主义诗人之一。
Keats is _______ ________ _________ _________ Romantic poets.
Keys:1.larger than any other 2.More and more 3.much thinner than
4.the most interesting 5.one of the greatest
二．??用所给形容词的适当形式填空?
1.Of all the subjects, which do you think is ___________（difficult）to learn?
2.When winter comes, the days gets ____________________(short and short).
3.The sun is much ________(near) to us than the other stars. That is why we think it is the __________(big)and ___________(bright)of all.
4.Carmen thinks that she is _________ (clever)than any other girl in her class.
Keys:1.the most difficult 2.shorter and shorter 3.nearer biggest brightest 4.cleverer
三．单项选择。?
1.?I?feel?__?better?than yesterday.?????
?A.?more?????B.?very?????C.?the?????D.?far??
2.?--What?animal?do?you?like?___???--I?like?all?kinds?of?animals.?
???A.?better??????B.?best??????C.?very??????D.?well?
?3.Hainan?is?a?very?large?island.?It’s?the?second_???_?island?in?China.?
???A.?large?????????B.?larger??????????C.?largest??????????D.?most?large??
4.A?horse?is?__?than?a?dog.???
??A.?much?heavy???????B.?more?heavier???????C.?much?heavier???????D.?more?heavy
5.?Usually?Xiao?Li?spends?__?time?doing?homework?than?Xiao?Chen?does.??
??A.?little???????B?less????????C.?few???????D.?fewer?
6.?At?last?he?began?to?cry?___.?
A.?hard?and?hard?????????B.?more?hard?and?more?hard??????
C.?harder?and?harder??????D.?less?hard?and?less?harder??
7.?When?spring?comes，?the?days?get?____?and?nights?____.?
A.?short;?long?????B.?long;?short?????????C.?longer;?shorter??????D.?shorter;?longer
8.?Tian’anmen?Square?is?one?of???????squares?in?the?world.???
?A.?large?????????B.?larger????????C?.largest???????D.?the?largest
9.?This?reading?is?not?_______?that?one.?
???A.?as?easier???B.?so?easy?than???C.?as?easy?as???D.?as?easily?as?
10.?Tom?is?_____?than?_____?in?his?class.?
A.?taller;?any?boys???B.?tallest;?other?boys???C.?taller;?other?boy??D.?taller;?any?other?boy?11.?She?is?______?careful?as?I,?but?I’m?_______?than?you.?
A.?as;?much?careful?????B.?as;?much?more?careful???
?C.?so;?more?careful????D.?so;?very?careful??
12.?Of?all?the?subjects,?English?is?_______,?I?think.?
A.?easier?????B.?easiest?????C.?the?easiest?????D.?the?easier?
Keys:1-5:BBCCB 6-10:CCDCD 11-12:BC
四．语法填空。
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空。
Dear Henry，
I’m glad 1.___________(receive) your letter. I think friends are also very important.
2.________ I started junior high school. I moved to another city with my family, far away from my old friends. At that time, I was too shy3._________ have any new friends. So I was lonely for a few moths. But 4._________(final), I made some friends with my new classmates. David was a special person 5.___________ wanted to protect the earth. He told the people around him the 6.____________(important)of protecting the environment all the time. Betty was the 7.____________(clever)student I had ever known. She was really 8.____________(friend)and she helped everyone in our class. I learned a lot from her. We did a lot of interesting things together and we often went 9._______________(hike).
Those are some of the 10._____________（happy）memories. In our life, friends are very important. So, why don’t you talk to anyone else in the class? I believe that you will have some new friends very soon. Don’t worry too much.
Yours,
Nancy
Keys:1-5: to receive When to finally who
6-10:importance cleverest friendly hiking happiest
随堂测试：八年级(上) Unit 3单元小测
I.?同义词?
(????)?1.?I?am?sorry?that?I?am?unaware?of?the?mistake.???
?? ?A.?don’t?know?????????????? B.?don’t?care?about???
?C.?knows?a?little?about?? D.?knows?a?lot?about
?(????)2.?Could?you?tell?me?the?grand?total??
??A.?little?time?????????B.?large?number? C.?whole?work?????D.?full?amount
?(????)3.?When?I?was?young,?I?always?depended?on?others.?
? ??A.?made?friends?with??? B.?laughed?at????
C.?lived?with???????? D.?relied?on
?(????)4.?Finally,?Jack?operated?the?machine?successfully.?
????? ??A.?made…change? ?B.?made…work??
C.?made…rest???????? D.?made…stop
?(????)5.?What’s?the?price?of?this?computer??
???????A.?How?many?is??????? B.?How?do?you?like???
C.?Why?do?you?buy? D.?How?much?is
?(????)6.?Look!?The?tiny?baby?over?there?is?so?cute!?
???????A.?very?lovely??? B.?very?small??? C.?very?big??? D.?very?old
?(????)7.?My?mother?used?to?work?as?a?teacher?in?the?village.?????
???A.?like?????? B.?be???? C.?be?like???? D.?have
?(????)8.?This?machine?is?very?expensive.?
??????A.?costs?a?little?money??? B.?looks?beautiful??????
?C.?costs?a?lot?of?money?? D.?doesn’t?cost?much?
(????)9.?Jack?works?hard.?In?addition,?he?is?kind?to?his?friends.?
??????A.?For?example???????????B.?Besides?????C.?In?addition?to?his?friends?? D.?However
Keys:1-9：ADDBD ABCB
II.?单项选择题?
(???)1.?Taking?buses?in?Beijing?is?_____?than?____?a?taxi.?
???? ?A.?more?cheap;?taking?????? B.?much?cheaper;?taking?????
?C.?a?little?cheap;?to?take??? D.?a?little?cheaper;?to?take?
(???)2.?________,?Shenzhen?was?still?a?small?village.?
A.?In?1840s????????B.?In?the?year?of?1840s?????C.?In?the?1840???D.?In?the?1840s?
(???)3.?I’m?hungry?now.?Let’s?stop?_______.?
?????A.?having?a?meal???B.?to?have?a?meal??????C.?having?a?rest?????D.?to?have?a?rest?
(???)4.?--what’s?the?______?of?this?new?train??--?It’s?__________?200?km?per?hour.?
???A.?price;?at?the?speed?of???????B.?price;?in?the?speed?of??????
C.?speed;?in?the?speed?of??????D.?speed;?at?the?speed?of?
(???)5.?Thank?you?for?_______?us?with?the?task.?I?look?forward?to?_______?with?you?
next?time.??
??A.?helping;?working??B.?to?help;?work?????C.?helping;?work????????D.?to?help;?working?
(???)6.?—Are?you?feeling?_____?today?
—I’m?afraid?not.?It’s?_______?day?since?I?got?ill.
?A.?good;?the?worst???B.?better;?worse??C.?well;?the?best????????D.?better;?the?worst?
(???)7.?Ken?is?very?generous(大方的).?
________,?he?is?skillful?in?playing?chess.???
A.?In?addition??????B.?In?fact?????C.?However??D.?Suddenly
?(???)8.?—Do?you?know?what?__________?the?girl?in?the?film??
???????????Yes.?She?______?too?much?_______?her?parents?and?was?unable?to?do?anything?by?herself.??
?A.?happened?with;?depended;?on???????B.?happened?with;?depended;?with???
??C.?happened?to;?depended;?at??????D.?happened?to;?depended;?on
?(???)9.?_______?you?lose,?________?you?will?be.?
??A.?The?more;?the?happiest???????B.?The?more;?the?happier??
C.?The?less;?the?happiest??????????D.?many?things;?happy?
Keys: BDBDA DADB
III.?词形填空?
1.?I?am?a?______?(type),?and?I?always?type?things?with?this?______(type).?
2.?Ken?always?asks?others?for?help.?He?is?a?_______(depend)?child.
?3.?There?are?many?great?_____(company)?in?Shenzhen.
?4.?I’m?sorry,?but?this?dress?is?not?for?____(sell).?
5.?I?look?forward?to?_______(become)?a?member?of?your?team.?
6.?Do?you?know?how?_______(operate)?this?machine??
7.?He?ordered?us?______?(fly)?the?spaceship?as?soon?as?possible.?
8.?Amy?is?_____?swimmer?of?the?six?students.?(good)?
9.?My?father?is?a?train?driver,?so?he?works?on?the?______(railway).?
10.?Compared?with?my?bag,?yours?is?much?_____(good).?
11.?Is?he?able?______(control)?the?whole?country??
12.?The?doctor?is?doing?an?_____(operate)?on?the?patient.?
Keys:1.typist typewriter 2.dependent 3.companies 4.selling 5.becoming
6.to operate 7.to fly 8.the best 9.railways 10.better 11.to control 12.operation
四．完型填空?
All?my?family?members?like?to?use?computers.?
We?live?in?China,???1???my?uncle?lives?in?Australia.?My?father?and?my?uncle?often???2???emails?to?each?other.?Sometimes???3???chat（聊天）online.?
My?mother?is?a???4???in?a?middle?school.?She?often???5???the?computer?for?her?lessons.?She?also?gets?information?for?her?lessons???6???the?Internet.??
My?brother?and?I?like?to???7???computer?games.?I?like?to?play?Counter?Strike,?but?he?likes?to?play?Tomb?Raider.?My???8???don’t?like?us?to?play?them?too?long.?They?say?that?playing?computer?games?too?long?is?bad?for?our???9???and?study.?We?both?like??10??,?too.?So?sometimes?we?download?songs?from?the?Internet?to?our?MP3?players.??
?(??)1.?A.?but?? B.?and?? C.?or????????????? D.?so
?(??)2.?A.?make? ?B.?send???? C.?give??????????????D.?write?
(??)3.?A.?we?? B.?you?? C.?they??????????????D.?I?
(??)4.?A.?doctor? ?B.?teacher???? ?? C.?student????????????D.?student
?(??)5.?A.?plays?? B.?buys?? C.?uses?????????????? D.?does
(??)6.?A.?in??? B.?on??????? C.?with?????????????? D.?at?
(??)7.?A.?make?? B.?do?? ?C.?play??????????????D.get
?(??)8.?A.?parents?? B.?friends?? ?C.?father?????????????D.?mother
?(??)9.?A.?legs? B.?ears?? C.?eyes??????????????D.?faces?
(??)10.?A.?music??B.?English???? ??C.?films??????????????D.?books
Keys: ABCBC BCACA
五．阅读理解?
A
We?are?already?familiar?with?computers—computers?work?for?us?at?home,?in?offices?and?in?factories.?But?it?is?also?true?that?many?children?today?are?using?computers?at?
schools?before?they?can?write.?What?does?this?mean?for?the?future??Are?these?children?
lucky?or?not??
?? Many?people?who?do?not?know?about?computers?think?of?them?as?machines?that?
children?play?with.?They?worry?that?children?do?not?learn?from?experience?but?just?
from?pressing?a?button?and?that?this?is?not?good?for?them.?They?think?that?children?are?growing?not?knowing?about?the?real?world.?
?? But?people?who?understand?more?about?computers?say?that?computers?can?be?very
?good?for?children.?A?computer?can?help?them?to?learn?about?the?real?world?more?
quickly,?to?learn?what?they?want?to?learn?and?think?for?themselves.?And?for?the?future,?don’t?we?need?people?who?can?think?clearly,?who?know?how?to?get?information
?quickly?and?use?it?well??What?do?you?think????
1.?“To?be?familiar?with”?means?to?______.?
??A.?know?nothing???????B.?know?about?????????C.?dislike????????????D.?like?
?2.?Does?everyone?think?computers?are?good?for?children???
?A.?Yes,?they?do.??????????B.?No,?not?everyone?thinks?so.??
?C.?They?don’t?know.??????????D.?They?are?not?sure.???
3.?What?can?computers?help?children?to?do??
A.?To?think?clearly,?to?do?homework?and?to?write.??????
B.?To?play?games,?to?do?math?and?to?copy.?
C.?To?think?clearly,?to?get?information?and?to?use?it?well.??
D.?To?count,?to?clean?the?house?and?to?get?information.??
?4.?Does?the?writer?think?computer?is?a?good?thing??
A.?We?don’t?know.?????B.?No,?he?doesn’t?think?so.??
C.?He?doesn’t?know.????D.?Yes,?he?does.
Keys:BBCA
B
Miss?Gorgers?taught?physices?in?a?New?York?school.?Last?month?she?explained?to
?one?of?her?classes?about?sound,?and?she?decided?to?test?them?to?see?how?successful?
she?had?been?in?her?explanation.?She?said?to?them,?“Now?I?have?a?brother?in?Los?
Angeles.?If?I?was?calling?him?on?the?phone?and?at?the?same?time?you?were?75?feet
?away,?listening?to?me?from?across?the?street,?which?of?you?would?hear?what?I?said
?earlier,?my?brother?or?you?and?for?what?reason?”?
Tom?at?once?answered,?“Your?brother.?Because?electricity?travels?faster?than?sound?waves.”?“That’s?very?good,”?Miss?Gorgers?answered;?but?then?one?of?the?girls?raised?
her?hand,?and?Miss?Gorgers?said,?“Yes,?Kate?”?
“I?disagree,”?Kate?said.?“Your?brother?would?hear?you?earlier?because?when?it’s?11?o’clock?here?it’s?only?8?o’clock?in?Los?Angeles.”?
1.?Miss?Gorgers?was?teaching?her?class?????????.
?A.?how?to?telephone??
B.?about?electricity??
C.?about?time?zone（时区）?
D.?about?sound?
2.?Miss?Gorgers?asked?this?question?because?she?wanted?to?know?whether?????????.?
A.?it?was?easy?to?phone?to?Los?Angeles?
B.?her?student?could?hear?her?from?75?feet?away?
C.?her?students?had?grasped（理解）her?lesson??
D.?sound?waves?were?slower?than?electricity
?3.?Tom?thought?that?electricity?was?????????.
?A.?slower?than?sound?waves?
B.?faster?than?sound?waves?
C.?not?so?fast?as?sound?waves?
D.?as?fast?as?sound?waves
?4.?Kate?thought?Tom?was?wrong?because?????????.?
A.?clocks?in?Los?Angeles?showed?a?different?time?from?those?in?New?York?
B.?electricity?was?slower?than?sound?waves?
?C.?Tom?was?not?good?at?physics?at?all?
D.?Tom’s?answer?had?nothing?to?do?with?sound?waves?
5.?Whose?answer?do?you?think?is?correct?according?to?the?law?of?physics??
A.?Tom’s? B.?Kate’s ?C.?Both?A?and?B? D.?Neither?A?nor?B
Keys:DCBAA
C
Many?students?in?China?are?learning?English.?Some?of?these?students?are?small
?children.?Others?are?teenagers.?Many?are?adults.?Some?learn?at?school,?others?study?
by?themselves.?A?few?learn?English?language?over?the?radio,?on?television,?or?in?films.?One?must?work?hard?to?learn?another?language.?Why?do?all?these?people?want?to?learn?English??It?is?difficult?to?answer?that?question.?Many?boys?and?girls?learn?English?at?
school?because?it?is?one?of?their?subjects.?They?study?their?own?language?and?maths?
and?English?...?Some?people?learn?English?because?it?is?useful?for?their?work.?Many?
people?often?learn?English?for?their?higher?studies,?because?at?college?or?university(大学)?some?of?their?books?are?in?English.?Other?people?learn?English?because?they?want?to?read?newspaper?and?magazines?in?English.
1.?Many?students?in?China?are?learning?English,?aren't?they??____.?
A.?No,?they?aren't??
B.?No,?they?are??
?C.?Yes,?they?are?
D.?Yes,?they?aren't?
?2.?If?one?wants?to?learn?another?language?well,?he?must?____.?
A.?learn?at?school??
B.?study?by?himself????
?C.?work?hard?
??D.?study?hard?
3.?"Their?own?language"?means?____.?
A.?Chinese???
B.?English?
C.?French???
D.?Japanese??
4.?What's?the?Chinese?of?"study?by?themselves"??
A.?和他们一起学习??????B.?自学???????C.?向他们学习???D.?通过学习
Keys:CCAB