Module 2 Science and technology.Unit 4 Inventions.语法知识归纳及练习（有答案）

1. Listen?to?advertisements?for?four?funny?inventions.?
1) advertisement?广告?????ad?缩写??
Miss?White?recently?placed?an???????? ???in?the?local?newspaper.??
怀特小姐最近在当地报纸上刊登了一则广告。??
2) funny??可笑的；滑稽的?adj?
You’re?an?extremely?funny?man.? 你是一个非常滑稽的人。?
【知识拓展】
*区分fun?与?funny?
①fun?有趣的；令人愉快的。???近义词：interesting。
②funny?滑稽的、古怪的。?
③玩的开心________?______?______?_______?或者__________?___________?(have a good time/have fun)
【活学活用】
(1) Jane?is? ?????.? fun
简是一个很有意思的人。?
Jane?is ??????.?简是一个很滑稽的人。??A funny person
.invent?发明?v
【知识拓展】
①发明家?n?：inventor????????????????????发明?n?：invention????????????
②辨析：invent?与discover?
invent?
发明
?客观上没有，发明以前未曾有过的东西；如发明新的使用工具、方法。
discover?
发现?
发现客观已经存在，但不为人知的东西或者事物。
【活学活用】
(1) I?__________________?a?beautiful?stone?under?the?tree.? (discovered)
我在树下发现了一块很漂亮的石头。
(2) Edison?___________?the?electric?light?bulb.? (invented)
爱迪生发明了电灯。?
2. Write?a?short?article?about?a?new?invention?that?you?will?create.?
create? 创作；创造??v?
【知识拓展】
①creation? n.创造物?，作品?? creator? n.创造者?
creative ?adj?有创造力的 creativity??n创造力?
试翻译：这个创造者创作了这个作品，他很有创造力。?
The?__________?_________?the?__________?,he?is?__________.? (creator creates creation creative)
【辨析】?create?和?make??
create
?创造，创作
创造出原来并不存在的东西
make?
?创造，制作?
通过工作制造出某种东西
【活学活用】
(1) Who create?the?world?? 谁创造了世界？
(2) He?made the?watch. 他制造了这块手表。
telephone??n电话???v?给……打电话 手机是mobile phone
【知识拓展】
给某人打电话的表达：?
①telephone?/phone?sb????????②call?sb?(up)?
③give?sb?a?call???????????? ?④make?a?telephone?call?to?sb??
【活学活用】
I?felt?so?bad?that?I????phoned?my?friend??我心里实在难受，于是打电话给朋友。?
I?__gave__?my?father?__a____?__call__?yesterday.? ?昨天我给爸爸打电话了。?
I?_made__?_a___?__telephone___?__call__?to?Lucy?last?night.? 昨晚我给Lucy打了个电话。??
4. After?its?invention,?traveling?became?faster?and?mor?comfortable.
comfortable?adj舒适的?，其比较级是_________?__________.??(more comfortable)
【知识拓展】
comfortably adv?舒适地???? uncomfortable ?adj使人不舒服的???
A?home?should?be??comfortable???and?friendly.???家应该让人感觉到舒适、亲切的。??
5. In?the?early?19th?century....
century?n世纪?????
in?the?early?19th?century?=?at?the?start?of?the?19th?century.??在19世纪初?
in?the?late?19th?century?=?at?the?end?of?the?19th?century.??在19世纪末?
He?was?the?most?famous?writer?in?20th?century?.???
他是19世纪最著名的作家。
6. practical?adj?有用的?
Our?clothes?are?lightweight,?fashionable?and??practical??for?holidays.?
我们的服装轻便、时尚，并且很适合度假穿。?
【知识拓展】
practice? n练习???????practise??v?练习
【活学活用】
(1) Now?we?are?doing?some?___________.?? 现在我们正在做一些练习。(practice)
(2) I need to practise my English. 我需要练习一下英语。
Since?then,?people?have?been?able?to?speak?to?each?other?over?long?distances.
since then 自那以来
Since then, I have lived in Shenzhen. 从那时起我就住在深圳。
2) distance?n距离??????It’s?no?distance??.?=?It’s?no?far.?路不远。??
【知识拓展】
①at?a?distance隔一段距离，?距离稍微远一些?
②in?the?distance? 在远处? from?the?distance?从远处?
【活学活用】
The?cat?came?back?______?_________?___________.?? 这只小猫从远处回来了。
(from the distance)
8. lamp?n灯????????candle?n蜡烛?????
【知识拓展】
turn?off?关??? ?turn?on?开???
Please?_______?_____?the?________.?? 请打开灯。 (turn on /lamp)
9. Thomas?Edison?developed?the?first?practical?light?bulb?in?1879.
develop?v?开发、研发??（与invent发明不同，是在原有基础上进一步提高、改进）?
We?need?to?________?solar?energy.我们需要开发太阳能。
【知识拓展】
development?n发展?????developed?adj发达的??????developing?adj?发展中的?
发达国家：a?developed??country??????????????发展中国家：a??developing?country???
10. help?sb?do?sth?帮助某人做某事,?help?后跟省略to的不定式，?
类似的用法还有，使某人做某事?make?sb?do?sth??
I??_______???him?_______?his?wallet.?? 我帮助他找到了钱包。?(helped; find)
The?boss?_________?the?workers?_________?more?than?10?hours?every?day.?(makes; work)
这个老板让工人每天工作超过10小时。??
11. They?allow?people?to?keep?in?touch?with?each?other?anytime,?anywhere.它们容许人们在任何时候，在任何地点彼此保持联系。?
1)allow?sb?to?do?sth?允许某人做某事??allow?doing是某人允许做某事?
We?don't?allow to smoke in?our?house.? 在我们家里不容许吸烟。??
They allow?their?children?to?go?to?the?park. 他们允许孩子们去公园。?
2) keep?in?touch?(with)?sb=stay?in?touch?with? 与....保持联系
Do?you?still________?in?________?_________your?parents?regularly?after?you?leave?them?
你离开父母以后还经常与他们保持联系吗？??
With?sunlight,?air?and?water,?we?can?be?alive?on?Earth.?有了阳光、空气和水，我们才能在地球上生存。
with?有????without?没有??
We?can’t?live?_________?_________.? 没有水，我们无法存活。
(without water)
?
13. The?new?cars?made?loud?noises?and?frightened?them.这些新汽车发出很大的噪音，让他们感到害怕。?
make?noises 发出噪音，弄出声音；也可以用make?a?noise?
Don’t?_______?___________?,?your?father?is?sleeping?. 不要弄出声音，你爸爸正在睡觉。?
【知识拓展】
?辨析：noise?，voice，?sound?
noise
指吵闹、喧哗声，往往是不和谐，不悦耳的声音?
voice?
多指人和动物特有的声音?
sound
指人所能听到的自然界中的一切声音?
【活学活用】
(1 )She?often?talks?in?a?low?________.? 她经常小声说话。 (voice)
(2) Please?don’t?________?_________?in?class.?请不要在课堂上制造噪音。(make noise)
(3) Light?travels?faster?than?_______in?the?air.?? 在空气中光比声音传播的速度快。(sound)
14. imagine?doing?想象做……?
I?can’t?imagine?walking??(walk)?all?the?way?to?the?North?Pole.?
我无法想象如何一路走到北极去。??
15.Keep?the?dust?off?your?shoes.
keep?off?(使)不接近;?挡住?
Keep?the?children?off. It's?dangerous?here!? 别让孩子们靠近,?这儿危险!?
【知识拓展】
keep的用法?
(长期或永久)持有,保有??
I?kept?it?all?the?time?to?remind?me?of?you. 我一直保存着它,以此唤起我对你的记忆。?
.(一时)拥有;保管??
Please?keep?the?watch?for?me?while?I?go?swimming. 我去游泳,请代我保管这表。
.存放,保留,保存??
We?keep?food?in?a?refrigerator.我们把食物存放在冰箱里。?
.使...保持在(某一状态)??
She?kept?the?child?quiet. 她让孩子别作声。?
5).整理,料理???Mother?keeps?the?house.母亲料理家务。?
.履行;遵守;保守?? Everyone?must?keep?the?law.每个人都必须守法。?
.阻止,妨碍;控制住[(+from)]??
Robbie?couldn't?keep?the?child?from?yelling.
罗比没法使孩子不大叫大嚷。?
.记(日记、帐等)?? Mary?keeps?a?diary.玛丽天天记日记。?
9).抚养;饲养?
He?needs?more?money?to?keep?his?wife?and?children. 他需要更多的钱来抚养妻子儿女。?
16. Can?look?behind?and?in?front?of?you?at?the?same?time.?
at?the?same?time?同时；然而.
I?saw?two?boys?rising?to?their?feet?at?the?same?time.? 我看见两个男孩同时站起来。?
??
17. What?is?special?about?it?(p60)?
special adj. 特殊的，特别的
【知识拓展】
specially adv. 特别地
(1) I will give a special gift to you on your birthday. 在你的生日我会送你一份特别的礼物。
(2) They were specially ordered. 它们都是专门预约的。
巩固提高
I.?词汇运用。(共15小题，每小题1分)?i.?同义替换。(共8小题，每小题1分)?
(? ?)??1.?He?told?us?a?funny?story.?Everybody?laughed.?
? A.?a?boring?????B.?an?interesting???????C.?a?horrible?
(? )?2.?That?company?plans?to?develop?a?new?model?of?mobile?phones.?
A.?make????????B.?find?????????????C.?buy?
(? ?)?3.?This?car?uses?electricity?instead?of?gas.?
A.?such?as??????B.?besides???????????C.?in?place?of?
(? ?)?4.?Keep?in?touch?with?your?family?when?you?away?from?home.?
A.?Contact?????B.?Be?happy?with????????C.?Be?bored?with?
( ??)?5.?You?can?see?more?clearly?in?the?daytime.?
A.?at?dust??????B.?during?the?day????????C.?anytime?
(? ?)?6.?My?doctor?has?warned?me?to?keep?off?sugar.?
A.?throw?away????B.?get?off??????????C.?keep?away?from?
(? ?)?7.?The?wheel?is?perhaps?the?greatest?invention?in?history.?
A.?never????????B.?ever????????????C.?maybe?
(?? )?8.?Mobile?phones?allow?people?to?keep?in?touch?with?each?other.?
A.?enable???????B.?help???????????C.?ask?
ii.?词汇释义。(共3小题，每小题1分)?
(? ?)?9.?To_________?something?means?to?make?something?happen?or?exist.?
A.?do??????????B.?hold???????????C.?create?
(? )?10.?You?feel_________?when?someone?or?something?makes?you?feel?physically?relaxed?or?
pleasant.?
A.?beautiful??????B.?big??????????C.?comfortable?
( ??)?11.?A_________?is?a?device?that?uses?electricity?oil?or?gas?to?produce?light.?
A.?lamp?????????B.?candle????????C.?phone?
iii根据上下文线索猜词。(共4小题，每小题1分)?
(? ?)?12.?You?are?always?welcome?to?visit?us_________?if?you?want.?
A.?by?accident???B.?after?a?while??????C.?anytime?
(? ?)?13.?We?can't?_________?living?without?telephones?in?ancient?times.?
A.?mind????????B.?Imagine??????????C.?avoid?
(? ?)??14.?At?the?start?of?the?20th?century,?cars?became________,?and?everyone?wanted?one.?
A.?tiny????????B.?Popular??????????C.?expensive?
(? ?)?15.?Students?are?very?happy?for?the_________?way?of?remembering?difficult?words.?
A.?healthy??????B.?hard?????????C.?practical
?1-5?BACAB????6-10?CCACC????11-15?ACBBC
Ⅱ.?语法填空。
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和?上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的?词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。?
Do?you?still?remember?a?few?years?ago?when?the?pagers?were?popular?16.?_________?cheap??At?
that?time,?cell?phones?were?expensive?and?only?a?few?people?17.?_________?(have)?them.?
But?now,?more?and?more?people?have?18._________?(get)?cell?phones?in?China.?In?fact,?there?are?
19._________?(many)?cell?phone?users?than?regular?phone?users!?Business?people,?school?20._________?(child),?and?even?grandmothers?have?cell?phones.?
These?new?phones?get?better?and?better.?We?can?use?them?21._________?(talk)?to?people,?write?
and?send?short?messages,?and?even?get?onto?22._________?Internet.?Then,?we?can?look?23._________?web pages?and?check?our?emails.?We?can?also24._________?(listen)?to?music?and?play?games?
on?them.?Some?cell?phones?can?even?take?'pictures?25._________?a?camera.?
?and????17.?had?????18.?got????19.?more?????20.?children?21.?to?talk???22.?the?????23.?through???24.?listen?25.?Like
III.?完形填空。
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。?
One?day?a?mother?rat?and?her?babies?were?out?in?an?open?field.?They?were?playing?and?having?
a?good?time?when?suddenly?a?hungry?cat?came?on?the?scene!?It?hid???41 a?big?tree?and?then looked
?forward?through?the?tall?grass???42 ?it?could?almost?hear?them?talk.?Before?the?mother?rat?and?her?babies?knew???43???had?happened,?the?cat?jumped?from?its?hiding?place?and?started?to?run??44 ?them
The?mother?cat?and?her?babies?all?fled?at?once.?They?hurried?towards???45??home,?which?was?
under?a?pile?of?large?stones.?But?the?baby?rats?were?so?scared?(害怕)?that?they?could not?run?very
???46 ?.?Closer?and?closer?the?cat?came.?In?no?time?the?cat?would?be?upon?them.?What?was?to?be?
done??
The?mother?rat?stopped?running,???47???round?and?faced?the?cat,?shouting，"Bow?Wow!?Bow
Wow!?"just?like???48???angry?dog.?The?cat?was?so?surprised?and?frightened?that?it?ran?away.?
The?mother?rat?turned?to?the?babies,?"Now?you?see???49???important?it?is?to?learn? 50???second?
language!"?
（????）41?A.?on???????? ??B.?between???????C.?by?????????D.?behind?
（????）42.?A.?before???????B.?when????? ???C.?until????????D.?while?
（????）43.?A.?where???????B.?what??????? ??C.?which??????D.?when?
（????）44.?A.?over???????? B.?through???????C.?after????????D.?against?
（????）45.?A.?to???????? ??B.?for??????????? C.?its???????? ??D.?their?
（????）46.?A.?freely???????B.?hardly?????? ?C.?soon?????????D.?quickly?
（????）47.?A.?turned??????B.?walked?????? C.?jumped?????D.?ran?
（????）48.?A.?a????????? ??B.?an??????? ???C.?their??????????D.?that??
（????）49.?A.?so????????? ?B.?why???????? ?C.?what?????????D.?how?
（????）50.?A.?out?????? ???B.?the????????? ?C.?a???????? ???D.?An Key：DCBCD?DABDC
IV.?阅读理解。
阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A.B.C.D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
?Long?long?ago,?there?were?only?a?few?thousand?people?in?the?world.?These?people?moved?from?
place?to?place?over?the?land,?hunting?animals?for?food.?
???No?one?knows?how?or?when?these?people?learned?about?growing?food.?But?when?they?did,?their?
lives?changed.?They?did?not?have?to?look?for?food?any?more.?They?could?stay?in?one?place?and?
grow?it.?
People?began?to?live?near?one?another.?And?so?the?first?village?grew.?Many?people?came?to?work?
in?the?villages.These?villages?grew?very?big.?When?machines?appeared,?life?in?the?villages?changed again.?Factories?were?built.?More?and?more?people?lived?near?the?factories.?The?villages?grew?very
?big.?And?cities?came?into?being.?
Today?some?people?are?moving?back?to?small?towns.?Can?you?tell?why??
( )1.?The?best?title?of?the?passage?should?be?__________.?
A.?Cities?or?Villages???B.?Back?to?Town??C.?How?Cities?Grew????D.?People?and?Animals?
( )2.?The?underline?word?“They”?in?the?second?paragraph?refers?to?(指的是)?__________.?
A?villages?????????B.?animals??????????C.?cities???????????D.?people?
( )3.?When?factories?were?built,?____________?
A.?more?people?lived?near?the?factories?????? ??B.?people?began?to?live?in?the?factories?
C.?many?people?began?to?work?in?villages??????D.?many?machines?appeared?in?big?factories?
( )4.?We?can?learn?from?the?passage?that?___________?
A.?people?like?to?work?only?in?big?cities?????? ?B.?some?people?don’t?like?to?live?in?big?cities?
C.?there?will?be?no?small?towns?in?the?future????D.?it?is?better?to?live?in?cities?than?in?village?
( )5.?In?what?order?did?people?do?the?following?things??
a.?Worked?in?villages.?? ??b.?Lived?near?the?factories.?????
c.?Learned?to?grow?food.?d.?Built?factories.????????e.?Began?to?live?near?each?other.?
A.?d,?b,?a,?e,?c?????????B.?e,?a,?c,?d,?b???????C.?c,?e,?a,?d,?b???????D.?a,?c,?d,?e,?b Key：CDABC
B
In?1826,?a?Frenchman?named?Niepce?needed?pictures?for?his?business.?But?he?was?not?a?good?
artist.?So?he?invented?a?very?simple?camera.?He?put?it?in?a?window?of?his?house?and?took?a?picture?of?his?garden.?That?was?the?first?photo.?
The?next?important?date?in?the?history?of?photography?was?in?1837.?That?year,?Daguerre,?another?
Frenchman,?took?a?picture?of?his?reading?room.?He?used?a?new?kind?of?camera?in?a?different?way.?
In?his?picture?you?could?see?everything?very?clearly,?even?the?smallest?thing.?This?kind?of?photo?
was?called?the?Daguerreotype.?
Soon,?other?people?began?to?use?Daguerre's?way.?Travelers?brought?back?wonderful?photos?from?
all?around?the?world.?People?took?pictures?of?famous?buildings,?cities?and?mountains.?
In?about?1840,?photography?was?developed.?Then?photographers?could?take?pictures?of?people?
and moving?things.?That?was?not?simple.?The?photographers?had?to?carry?a?lot?of?films?and?other
machines.?But?this?did?not?stop?them.?For?example,?some?in?the?United?States?worked?so?hard.?
Mathew?Brady?was?a?famous?American?photographer.??He?took?many?pictures?of?great?people.?
The?pictures?were?unusual?because?they?were?very?lifelike.???
Photography?also?became?one?kind?of?art?by?the?end?of?the?19th?century.?Some?photos?were?just?
like?the?real?world.?They?showed?the?feelings,?like?other?kinds?of?art.?
(? ?)?6.?The?first?photo?taken?by?Niepce?was?a?picture?of___________.?
A.?his?business???????????B.?his?house?C.?his?garden?????????????D.?his?window?
(? ?)?7.?The?Daguerreotype?was___________.?
A.?a?Frenchman????????????B.?a?kind?of?picture?C.?a?kind?of?camera?????????D.?a?photographer?
(? ?)?8.?If?a?photographer?wanted?lo?take?pictures?of?moving?things?in?the?year?of?1840,?he?had?to?
_________.?
A.?watch?lots?of?films?????????B.?buy?an?expensive?camera?
C.?stop?in?most?cities??????????D.?take?many?films?and?something?else?with?him.?
( ??)?9.?Mathew?Brady?_________?
A.?was?very?lifelike. ?B?.was?famous?for?his?unusual?pictures?
C.?was?quite?strong? D.?took?many?pictures?of?moving?people?
(?? )?10.?This?passage?tells?us______________.?
A.?how?photography?was?developed?
B.?how?to?show?your?ideas?and?feelings?in?pictures?
C.?how?to?take?pictures?in?the?world?
D.?how?to?use?different?cameras? ? Key：CBDBA