Module 2 Science and technology.Unit 4 Inventions.语法知识归纳及练习（有答案）

8A Unit4 Inventions
【知识要点】
一．形容词比较级和最高级不规则变化形式：
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
bad/ill
far
many/much
little
old
二、(not)as...as的用法
as……as意为“_______________”，not as……as意为“____________”，表示同级的比较。
基本结构：as+adj.+as，否定形式为：not as/so+adj.+as，中间用形容词的__________。
eg: The book is as interesting as that one.（注意：第一个as不能用so替换）
2.当as...as中间加名词时，结构为：as+many/much+n.+as，
否定形式为：not as+many/much+n.+as。
需要注意的是：当名词为可数名词时，中间为“__________+可数名词复数”，
当名词为不可数名词时，中间为“__________+不可数名词”。
eg: Tom has as many pictures as John.
3.as...as前面常常用almost，quite，nearly，exactly等程度副词表示比较的程度。
eg: This cup is nearly as big as that one.
难点：在同一范围内比较时，必须把主语排除在被比较的范围之外。
eg1：China is larger than any other country in Asia.
（解析：中国是属于亚洲的，所以是在同一范围内，只能和其它对象进行比较）
eg2：China is larger than any country in Africa.
（解析：中国不属于非洲，所以是不同范围，可以和其中任意一个对象进行比较）
【举一反三】
eg:Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.上海比中国其他任何一个城市都大。
Shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.上海比中国其他所有的城市都大。
【即学即用】
判断下列句子对错。
（ ）1.His bike is better than mine.
( )2.His bike is better than me.
( )3.Tom is taller than any other student in his class.
( )4.Tom is taller than any student in his class.
Keys:对 错 对 错
运用形容词比较级和最高级知识翻译下列句子。
中国比亚洲的其他任何一个国家都大。
______________________________________________________________
计算机变得越来越小了。
________________________________________________________________
汤姆比我高多了。
________________________________________________________________
汤姆比我重一些。
________________________________________________________________
汤姆是我们三个人当中最高的。
_________________________________________________________________
爱迪生是世界上最著名的发明家之一。
_________________________________________________________________
汤姆和我一样高。
_________________________________________________________________
汤姆不如我聪明。
__________________________________________________________________
Keys:略
写出所给单词的恰当形式。
In my opinion, Ann’s idea is __________ (good) than Mary’s.
His __________(old) brother got married last month.
Do you have any plans for __________(far) education?
It’s known as the __________(much) dangerous part of the city.
This is the __________(little ) useful of the four books.
She is not as ___________(beauty) as her mother.
Keys: better elder/older further most least beautiful
语法填空。
Visitors to London often eat in restaurants. The 1.____________(own) and workers in them are all from other countries. The visitors say in 2._____________(this) restaurants they don’t feel they are in England.
3._____________(many) of English people eat at home as much as they can. Sometimes they 4._____________(them) will think they are in another country when they are in restaurants. When 5.___________ Englishman goes out to a restaurant, he may not understand 6._____________ everything is 7.____________(write) in French and Italian.
Most English people think it is 8.____________(good) to eat at home, because it is cheaper. They don’t want to spend much money 9.____________food and they like cooking at home. They like fast food. 10.___________ for Christmas, they will spend two or three weeks getting ready for it, because they want to have good food.
Keys: owners these Most themselves an
why written better on But
【单元综合检测】
一．听力（略）
二、单项填空（每小题1分，满分15分）
21. —What do boys like doing on weekends?
—Most boys enjoy computer games.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. played
22. The Greens _____ preparing for coming Thanksgiving Day.
A. be B. is C. are D. am
23. —Whose home is ______ away from school in our class?
—Liu Mei’s.
A. farther B. far C. the farthest D. farest
24.（2015·天津）My parents didn’t allow me ______ to the party.
A. go B. to go C. goes D. went
25. There are more than two students in our school.
A. thousand B. thousand of
C. thousands D. thousands of
26. The language school really ________ me ________ English.
A. helps; learned B. help; learned
C. help; learn D. helps; learn
27. —I can’t fall asleep.
—Then get up and try to do something ________ lying in bed.
A. while B. instead C. instead of D. because of
28.—Smoking is bad for people’s health.
—Yes. So we should cigarettes.
A. turn off B. go on with C. put off D. keep off
29. —What was Jim wearing in the party?
—Nothing______. He was in his usual shirt and jeans.
A. special B. simple C. important D. interesting
30. The forest is too large.We don’t dare to go it alone.
A. across B. cross C. through D. over
31. He has lived here 1990.
A. for B. since C. in D. on
32. Don’t make so much _____. Your father is sleeping.
A. voice B. noise C. sound D. noises
33. The teacher kept students _______ books for half an hour.
A. read B. reading C. reads D. to read
34. The roads in the town are as _______ as the ones in the city. Four cars can cross at the same time.
A. wide B. widely C. clear D. clearly
35. She enjoyed _______ in the park last weekend.
A. himself B. herself C. itself D. ourselves
三、完形填空（每小题1分，满分10分）
In 1608 an Englishman named Thomas Coryate traveled in Italy （意大利）. He liked the country and 36 down everything interesting. But he found one thing 37 interesting than the others. In his diary Thomas wrote,“ 38 the Italians eat meat, they use small forks. They do not eat with their hands because, as they say, people do not always have 39 hands.”
Before he went back to England, Thomas Coryate bought a few 40 .
At home Thomas had a dinner party to show the forks to his friends. When the steak （牛排） was brought out, he took out a fork and wanted to 41 the steak as the Italians did in Italy. His friends were 42 when they saw this. He told them what the fork was. They all said that Italians were very strange people because the fork was not easy to use at all. Thomas Coryate tried to prove that his friends were 43 , so he began to show that it was easy to use the fork. But the first 44 of meat he took with the fork fell to the floor. His friends began to 45 at him and he had to take the fork away.
People in England began to use forks only fifty years later.
36. A. broke B. wrote C. went D. calmed
37. A. less B. much C. even D. more
38. A. Why B. When C. Which D. Where
39. A. clean B. big C. dirty D. safe
40. A. knives B. dishes C. forks D. plates
41. A. use B. eat C. make D. cut
42. A. worried B. bored C. tired D. surprised
43. A. honest B. correct C. wrong D. clever
44. A. piece B. kilo C. pound D. packet
45. A. scream B. look C. shout D. laugh
四、阅读理解（每小题2分，满分20分）
A
We surveyed 300 young people on what they like to do at weekends or in their spare time. One hundred people are 11~18 years old，one hundred people are 19~26 years old and one hundred people are 27~35 years old. The following shows their answers:
46. There are people in the 11~18 group who enjoy playing computer games.
A. 20 B. 50 C. 60 D. 75
47. The people of 19~26 group enjoy most.
A. playing computer games
B. watching TV
C. going to the movies
D. taking a walk
48. According to the survey, which two activities do most people enjoy doing？
A. Playing computer games and watching TV.
B. Playing computer games and taking a walk.
C. Watching TV and going to the movies.
D. Going to the movies and taking a walk.
49. From the chart above, we can see people in the age group like walking more than the other two age groups.
A. 27~35 B. 11~18
C. 19~26 D. below 11
50. Which of the following is TRUE according to the chart？
A. The people of 11~18 like taking a walk most.
B. A very small number of people like taking a walk.
C. 90 people like going to the movies in the 19~26 group.
D. The people of 27~35 like playing computer games most.
B
To us,it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But in fact the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain. Its first use was as a shade (遮蔽) against the sun.
Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, back in the eleventh century BC.
We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use:it became a symbol of honor and power (权力). In the Far East in ancient times,the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens.
In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. The umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece, but it is believed that the first people in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans. During the middle ages in Europe, the use of the umbrella almost disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it became a symbol of power.
Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn’t until the twentieth century that the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors.
51. Ancient people first used umbrellas as_______ .
A. a symbol of honor
B. protection against the sun
C. a symbol of power
D. protection against the rain
52. According to the passage, the umbrella was probably first used in ancient______ .
A. Egypt B. Babylon C. Rome D. China
53.The underlined word“royal”might mean________ in Chinese.
A.皇室的 B.富裕的 C.中产的 D.平民的
54.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. The ancient Greeks used the umbrella in their daily life.
B. Europeans hardly used the umbrella during the middle ages.
C. The umbrellas for women were made colorful in ancient times.
D. The style of the umbrella hasn’t changed a lot since it was invented.
55.This passage is mainly about________ .
A. the sales of the umbrella
B. the differences among umbrellas
C. the invention of the umbrella
D. the history and the use of the umbrella
五、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词（每小题1分，满分5分）
56. They inserted an a________ in the newspaper.
57. He ended his speech with a f________ joke.
58. An artist should c________ beautiful things.
59. Can you tell me who i________ the telephone?
60. Modern music was first d________ in Italy.
六、根据汉语意思完成句子（每小题2分，满分10分）
61. 现在我们过着幸福的生活。
Now we ______ _____ ______ _______.
62.自那以后，他养成了另一个坏习惯。
________ ________ , he has developed another had habit.
63.无论你去哪里，请与我保持联系。
Wherever you go, ________ ________ ________ ________ me, please.
64. 我们白天工作，晚上睡觉。
We work _____ _____ _____ and sleep at night.
65.我看见两个男孩同时站起来。
I saw two boys rising to their feet ________ ________ ________ ________ .
七、书面表达（满分20分）
学习完本单元后，你们班展开了激烈的讨论。请你以“The most useful invention”为题写一篇短文。
要求: 1.词数80左右；
表达清楚，语句连贯。
The most useful invention
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
单元综合测试答案：
21. B enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，是固定搭配。
22. C “定冠词the+姓氏复数”表示“某某一家人”，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，故选C。
23. C 根据句中所给的范围in our class可知用最高级。far的最高级为farthest 或furthest,且形容词最高级前应加定冠词the,故选C。
24. B allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故选B。
25. A hundred，thousand等词前面如果出现基数词，则用单数形式，而且后面不能加介词of；但是如果前面没有出现基数词，则后加-s，且和介词of连用，故本题选A。
26. D　主语the language school为第三人称单数，故谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式，排除B、C； help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故选D。
27. C instead of 意为“代替”，符合句意。
28. D 句意：“吸烟对人们的健康有害。”“是的，所以我们应该远离香烟。”turn off意为“关上”；go on with意为“继续（做某事）”；put off意为“脱下”；keep off意为“远离……，使……不接近”。
29. A special“特殊的”；simple“简单的”；important“重要的”；interesting“有趣的”。根据答语中“他穿着平时的衬衫和牛仔裤”可推知他穿得不特别，故选A。
30. C 句意：森林太大了。我们不敢独自从中穿过。表示从里面穿过，用through。
31. B since 1990“自从1990年以来”，用于现在完成时的句子中。
32. B voice“嗓音”；noise“嘈杂声”；sound泛指一切声音。much修饰不可数名词，故排除D；由后句“你爸爸正在睡觉”可知本句意为：不要弄出太多噪音。make noise意为“制造噪音，发出噪音”，故选B。
33. B　keep sb. doing sth.意为“让某人一直做某事”。
34. A　根据第二句“四辆车可以同时通过”推知第一句句意为“这个城镇的公路和城市里的一样宽”。as...as中间需用形容词或副词的原级，be动词后接形容词，故选A项。
35. B　enjoy oneself意为“玩得开心”，反身代词要和句子的主语保持一致，故选B项。
36. B 句意为“他喜欢这个国家并写下了所有有趣的事情”。故选wrote。
37. D 句中than表明用比较级，interesting的比较级是在前面加more。
38. B 由句意知“当意大利人吃肉时，他们用小叉子”，故用引导词when。
39. A 由句意知“他们不用手吃肉，是因为他们认为手不总是干净的”，前边已有not否定，故后边用clean。
40. C 由上文可知，他对叉子感兴趣，因此买了些叉子带回去，故本题选C。
41. B 由题意可知，他拿出了叉子想要像意大利人那样吃牛排，故本题选B。
42. D 他的朋友们看到他用叉子吃牛排感到很吃惊，故本题选D。
43. C Thomas想证明他的朋友们错了，故本题选C。
44. A “一块肉，一片肉”用a piece of meat表示，故本题选A。
45. D 他的朋友开始笑话他，他不得不把叉子拿走了。故本题选D。
46. D 从图中“Playing computer games”一项可以看出，有75个11到18岁的人喜欢玩电脑
游戏。
47. B 比较图中所给的四组柱体可知，19到26岁的人最喜欢做的事是“看电视”。
48. C 从图中可以看出，这四项活动中，“看电视”和“看电影”的人最多。
49. A 从图中“Taking a walk”一项可以看出，27到35岁的人比其他两个年龄段的人更喜欢散步。
50. B 从所给图可以得知A、C、D三项所述与事实不符。
51. B 由第一段中的句子But in fact the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain.Its first use was as a shade against the sun.可知，伞被发明出来并不是为了避雨，它最初的用途是遮阳。故选B。
52. D 由第二段中的句子Probably the first to use it were the Chinese,back in the eleventh century BC.可知，第一批使用伞的很可能是中国人，故选D。
53. A 由第三段最后一句中的royal people such as the kings or queens以及常识 “国王和王后是皇室的人”可推知，royal意为“皇室的”，故选A。
54. C A项意为“古希腊人在日常生活中使用伞”；B项意为“在中世纪欧洲人几乎不用伞”；C项意为“在古代为女士制作的伞五颜六色”；D项意为“自从伞被发明以来它的样式没有很大变化”。由第四段中的句子In Europe,the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade.The umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece...可知，伞在古希腊被广泛使用，所以A项正确；由第四段中的句子During the middle ages in Europe,the use of the umbrella almost disappeared.可知，在中世纪，欧洲人几乎不使用伞，所以B项正确；由最后一段中的句子It wasn’t until the twentieth century that the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors.可知，直到20世纪才制作出五颜六色的女士伞，所以C项错误；由最后一段中的句子 Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time...可知，伞的样式没有很大变化，所以D项正确。故选C。
55. D 通读全文可知本文主要介绍了伞的历史和使用情况，故选D。
56. advertisement 57. funny 58. create 59. invented 60. developed
61.live a happy life 62. Since then 63. keep in touch with 64. in the daytime
65. at the same time
One possible version:
The most useful invention
Most inventions have helped people live a better life, but I think the Internet has changed the world most. It has made the world seem much smaller.
This invention has made it possible for everyone to be connected. In the past, it took weeks or even months for a letter to arrive. Now it only takes seconds for an email. Without the Internet, our life would not be so convenient and information could not be passed so quickly between people.
I think the Internet is the most useful invention. It has changed the world around us.