2018年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（江苏卷）（解析版）

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2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语（江苏卷）
第一部分
听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节
（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How
much
is
the
shirt?
A.
?
19.
15.
B.
?
9.
18.
C.
?
9.
15.
答案是
C。
1.
What
will
James
do
tomorrow
?
A.
Watch
a
TV
program.
B.
Give
a
talk.
C.
Write
a
report.
【答案】B
【解析】Text
1
W:
James,
you've
been
watching
TV
for
the
whole
evening.
What's
on?
M:
It's
a
science
program
on
the
origin
of
the
universe.
I'll
give
a
presentation
on
it
in
my
class
tomorrow.
2.
What
can
we
say
about
the
woman?
A.
She's
generour.
B.
She's
curious.
C.
She's
helpful.
【答案】C
【解析】Text
2
M:
Hello,
do
you
have
"The
Best
of
Mozart"?
W:
Um,
sorry,
we've
just
sold
out.
But
we
can
order
one
for
you.
If
you
give
us
your
number,
we'll
call
you
when
the
CD
arrives.
3.
When
does
the
train
leave?
A.
At
6:30.
B.
At8:30.
C.
At
10:30.
【答案】C
【解析】Text
3
W:
We'd
better
be
going
now,
or
we'll
be
late
for
the
train.
M:
No
rush.
It's
8:30
now.
We
still
have
two
hours.
4.
How
does
the
woman
go
to
work?
A.
By
car.
B.
On
foot.
C.
By
bike
【答案】B
【解析】Text
4
M:
I
am
so
tired
of
driving
all
those
hours
to
work.
W:
Yeah.
I
know
what
you
mean.
I
used
to
drive
two
hours
to
work
each
way.
But
now,
I
live
within
walking
distance
of
my
office.
I
don't
even
need
a
bike.
5.
What
is
the
probable
relationship
between
the
speakers?
A.
Classmates.
B.
Teacher
and
student.
C.
Doctor
and
patient.
【答案】A
【解析】Text
5
W:
Hi,
Andy.
I
didn't
see
you
in
Professor
Smith's
class
yesterday.
What
happened?
M:
Well,
I
had
a
headache.
So,
I
called
him
and
asked
for
sick
leave.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.
What
does
the
woman
regret?
A.
Giving
up
her
research.
B.
Dropping
out
of
college.
C.
Changing
her
major.
7.
What
is
the
woman
interested
in
studying
now?
A.
Ecology.
B.
Education.
C.
Chemistry.
【答案】6.
B
7.
A
【解析】Text
6
M:
School?
To
study
what?
W:
Ecology.
I'm
interested
in
the
relationship
between
humans
and
nature.
M:
Cool.
Is
it
what
you
studied
years
ago?
M:
No,
I
majored
in
chemistry
then.
6.
此为听力题，解析略
7.
此为听力题，解析略
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.
What
is
the
man?
A.
A
hotel
manager.
B.
A
tour
guide.
C.
A
taxi
driver.
9.
What
is
the
man
doing
for
the
woman?
A.
looking
for
some
local
foods.
B.
Showing
her
around
the
seaside.
C.
Offering
information
about
a
hotel.
【答案】8.
B
9.
C
【解析】Text
7
M:
Good
morning,
madam.
I
am
your
guide
for
this
trip.
W:
How
lovely!
Could
you
tell
me
about
the
hotel
I'm
going
to
stay
at?
M:
Yes,
of
course.
The
Grand
Hotel
opened
in
1990.
And
it
sits
on
the
seaside
along
the
South
Coast
Highway.
It
is
the
most
beautiful
hotel
here.
W:
That
sounds
great.
M:
And
there
are
some
restaurants
outside.
So,
at
dinnertime,
you'd
have
a
lot
fo
choices.
W:
That's
really
nice.
I
like
to
have
some
local
foods
while
traveling.
What
about
the
scenery
around
it?
M:
The
hotel
has
the
best
views
of
the
Pacific
Ocean.
W:
Oh,
I
think
I
will
love
this
hotel.
8.
此为听力题，解析略
9.
此为听力题，解析略
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.
Where
does
the
conversation
probably
take
place?
A.
In
an
office.
B.
At
home
C.
At
a
restaurant.
11.
What
will
the
speakers
do
tomorrow
evening?
A.
Goto
a
concert.
B.
Visit
a
friend
C.
work
extra
hours.
12.
Who
is
Alice
going
to
call?
A.
Mike
.
B.
Joan
C.
Catherine
.
【答案】10.
C
11.
A
12.
B
【解析】Text
8
W:
Hi,
Mike.
M:
Hi,
Alice.
Nice
to
see
you.
You
don't
often
come
here.
W:
I
usually
have
fast
food
delivered
to
my
office.
Just
came
here
for
a
change
today.
M:
The
environment
here
is
good
--
clean
and
relatively
quiet.
W:
yeah,
and
I
heard
the
food
is
tasty.
By
the
way,
are
you
going
to
the
concert
tomorrow
evening?
M:
Yes,
are
you?
W:
Yeah.
Catherine
was
supposed
to
go
with
me.
But
she
may
have
to
work
extra
hours
tomorrow.
Do
you
know
anyone
who
might
like
to
go?
M:
No.
But
if
you
like,
I
can
ask
around.
Uh,
Joan
might
want
to
go.
W:
Oh,
yes.
She's
a
great
fan
of
classical
music.
I'll
give
her
a
ring
after
lunch.
10.
此为听力题，解析略
11.
此为听力题，解析略
12.
此为听力题，解析略
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.
Why
does
the
woman
meet
the
man?
A.
To
look
at
an
apartment.
B.
To
deliver
some
furniture.
C.
To
have
a
meal
together.
14.
What
does
the
woman
like
about
the
carpet?
A.
Its
color.
B.
Its
design.
C.
Its
quality
.
15.
What
does
the
man
say
about
the
kitchen?
A.
It's
a
good
size.
B.
It's
newly
painted.
C.
It's
adequately
equipped
.
16.
What
will
the
woman
probably
do
next?
A.
Go
downtown.
B.
Talk
with
her
friend.
C.
Make
payment
.
【答案】13.
A
14.
A
15.
C
16.
B
【解析】Text
9
W:
Hi,
I've
only
just
arrived.
M:
Oh,
good.
Now,
here
are
the
keys.
Let's
go
in.
There
are
two
apartments.
The
one
for
rent
is
on
the
right.
Do
come
in.
W:
Thank
you.
I
like
the
carpet.
The
color
is
nice,
isn't
it?
M:
Yes,
and
this
apartment
is
in
good
condition.
Here
is
your
lounge.
W:
Where
would
we
eat?
M:
There
is
this
corner
here,
or
you
can
use
your
kitchen.
Come
and
see.
W:
The
kitchen
is
quite
small.
M:
Yes,
but
it
has
everything
--
cooker,
fridge,
even
a
dishwasher.
W:
And
there
are
lots
of
cupboards.
M:
Let
me
show
you
the
bedrooms.
This
is
the
smaller
one.
W:
It's
a
good
size,
though.
M:
Now
come
into
the
other
bedroom.
You
can
see
the
bathroom,
too.
W:
Yes.
It
is
very
nice,
but
I
will
have
to
ask
my
friend
first.
And
we
will
come
together.
I
understand
it
is
$800
a
month.
M:
Yes,
but
a
few
blocks
downtown
would
be
much
more
expensive.
W:
Well,
thank
you.
I
will
be
in
touch.
13.
此为听力题，解析略
14.
此为听力题，解析略
15.
此为听力题，解析略
16.
此为听力题，解析略
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.
Who
is
the
speaker
probably
talking
to?
A.
Movie
fans
.
B.
News
reporters.
C.
College
students
.
18.
When
did
the
speaker
take
English
classes?
A.
Before
he
left
his
hometown.
B.
After
he
came
to
America.
C.
When
he
was
15
years
old.
19.
How
does
the
speaker
feel
about
his
teacher?
A.
He's
proud.
B.
He's
sympathetic.
C.
He's
grateful
.
20.
What
does
the
speaker
mainly
talk
about
?
A.
How
education
shaped
his
life.
B.
How
his
language
skills
improved.
C.
How
he
managed
his
business
well.
【答案】17.
C
18.
B
19.
C
20.
A
【解析】Text
10
Thank
you
very
much.
Thank
you,
Dr.
Johnson.
Well,
it
is
really
great
to
be
back
at
university
again.
The
thing
that
I
wanted
to
tell
you
today
is
this:
Education
is
important.
When
I
came
to
the
US,
I
was
only
thinking
about
being
a
carpenter,
but
I
could
not
read
the
newspaper.
And
I
could
not
understand
the
news
on
television
or
movies
or
anything
like
this.
So,
I
entered
the
city
college
to
take
English
classes
for
foreign
students.
I
was
very
proud
that
I
was
going
to
a
college
because
no
one
in
my
family
ever
went
to
any
college
or
to
any
university.
You
know,
when
you’re
15
years
old
in
my
country,
you
finish
school
and
then
you
learn
a
trade.
And
that’s
exactly
what
I
did.
When
I
was
15
years
old,
I
learned
how
to
be
a
carpenter.
A
year
later,
I
came
to
America.
Luckily,
I
met
a
very
good
teacher
who
encouraged
me
to
take
some
math
classes,
business
classes,
and
history
classes,
and
I
became
a
full-time
college
student.
And
today,
when
I
look
back,
I’m
so
happy
because
you
never
know
where
life
will
take
you.
All
of
a
sudden,
I
started
making
money
because
I
was
really
good
at
math.
You
know,
how
work
out
everything
with
math
is
so
important.
This
is
something
that
I
learned
when
I
started
my
own
business,
which
is
doing
really
well.
17.
此为听力题，解析略
18.
此为听力题，解析略
19.
此为听力题，解析略
20.
此为听力题，解析略
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It
is
generally
considered
unwise
to
give
a
child
_______
he
or
she
wants.
A.
however
B.
whatever
C.
whichever
D.
whenever
答案是B。
21.
By
boat
is
the
only
way
to
get
here,
which
is
_______
we
arrived.
A.
where
B.
when
C.
why
D.
how
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。
点睛：本题考查表语。首先需要弄清句意及分析句子结构，然后根据前句By
boat
is
the
only
way
to
get
here提示可知，作方式状语，就不难选出正确答案。
22.
Kids?shouldn’t?have?access?to?violent?films?because?they?might?_______
the?things?they
see.
A.
indicate
B.
investigate
C.
imitate
D.
innovate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A.
indicate指示；B.
investigate调查；C.
imitate模仿；D.
innovate改革。故选C。
点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。考生在平时学习过程中要注重动词和动词短语的识记与掌握。
23.
Self-driving?is?an?area?_______
China?and?the?rest?of?the?world?are?on?the?same?starting
line.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in
which。故选B。
点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
24.
It’s?strange?that?he?_______
have?taken?the?books?without?the?owner’s?permission.
A.
would
B.
should
C.
could
D.
might
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It
is
important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural
that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。
点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It
is
important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural
that...
主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It
is
strange
that
he
had
made
a
mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。）It
is
strange
that
he
(should)
have
made
a
mistake.
（虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。）
25.
Developing?the?Yangtze?River?Economic?Belt?is?a?systematic?project?which?_______
a
clear
road
map
and
timetable.
A.
calls?for
B.
calls?on
C.
calls?off
D.
calls?up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A.
calls
for需要；B.
calls
on号召；C.
calls
off取消；D.
calls
up使想起。故选A。
点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析全句句意，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。
26.
Around?13,500?new?jobs?were?created?during?the?period,
_______
the?expected?number
of
12,000
held?by
market?analysts.
A.
having?exceeded
B.
to?exceed
C.
exceeded
D.
exceeding
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000个的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。
点睛：本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。
having
exceeded强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词create的动作之前；to
exceed表示将要超出；exceeded过去分词表示被动。分析句子可知，这里用现在分词作结果状语。
27.
There
is
a
good
social
life
in
the
village,
and
I
wish
I
_______
a
second
chance
to
become
more
involved.
A.
had
B.
will
have
C.
would
have
had
D.
have
had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有一次机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
点睛：本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。2．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would,
could,
might+
动词原形。3．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could,
would
+
have
+done。分析此题需抓住前句There
is
a
good
social
life
in
the
village的时态是一般现在时，可以判断出此题wish用于表示现在不可能实现的愿望。
28.
—You
know
what?
I’ve
got
a
New
Year
concert
ticket.
—Oh,
_______
You’re
kidding.
A.
so
what?
B.
go
ahead.
C.
come
on.
D.
what
for?
【答案】C
【解析】考查交际用语。句意：——你知道是什么吗？我已经得到一张新年音乐会的票了。——哦，得了吧，你开玩笑的吧。A.
so
what?那又怎么样？B.
go
ahead.去吧。C.
come
on.得了吧。D.
what
for?
为什么？交际用语中come
on表示“得了吧！算了吧！”，用来指责别人或表示不耐烦。故选C。
点睛：本题考查交际用语。对于交际用语的考查，首先平时要多积累常用的交际用语，尽量避免汉语式的表达。解题时要在上下文中进行，特别要注意与语境语义的联系。本题选项中的come
on.是大家熟悉的交际用语，我们常见的含义有：①加油！②赶快！(用于催促别人快点)
③开始，但这些含义与本题都无关。所以我们要多积累，多了解短语在不同交际用语中的不同用法。
29.
_______
you?can?sleep?well,?you?will?lose?the?ability?to?focus,?plan?and?stay
motivated?after
one
or?two?nights.
A.
Once
B.
Unless
C.
If
D.
When
【答案】B
【解析】考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：除非你能睡好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划的能力和保持积极性。A.
Once一旦；B.
Unless除非；C.
If如果；D.
When当……时候。故选B。
点睛：本题考查连词辨析。解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系语境进行判断，从而选出正确答案。
30.
I?was?sent?to?the?village?last?month?to?see?how?the?development?plan?_______
in?the?past
two
years.
A.
had?been?carried?out
B.
would
be
carried
out
C.
is?being?carried?out
D.
has
been
carried
out
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last
month和in
the
past
two
years可知，空格处所用的动词carry
out发生在sent之前，所以是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。故选A。
点睛：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点，所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语last
month和in
the
past
two
years，从而得出答案。
31.
Hopefully?in?2025?we?will?no?longer?be?e-mailing?each?other,
for?we
_______
more
convenient
electronic
communication?tools?by?then.
A.
have
developed
B.
had?developed
C.
will?have?developed
D.
developed
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发出更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in
2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by
then（到那时），可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。
点睛：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语in
2025和by
then，从而得出答案。
32.
Try?to?understand?what’s?actually
happening
instead
of
acting
on
the
_______
you’ve
made.
A.
assignment
B.
association
C.
acquisition
D.
assumption
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A.
assignment分配；B.
association协会，社团；C.
acquisition获得物；D.
assumption假设。故选D。
点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually
happening（实际发生）和instead
of（而不是）可推知，与actually
happening相反是“假设”，从而选出正确答案。
33.
China’s
soft?power?grows?_______
the?increasing?appreciation?and?understanding
of
China
globally.
A.
in
line
with
B.
in
reply
to
C.
in
return
for
D.
in
honour
of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增与全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A.
in
line
with按照；与……一致；B.
in
reply
to答复；C.
in
return
for作为……的报答；D.
in
honour
of为纪念，为庆祝。故选A。
点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注它们用法上的区别。
34.
Despite
the
poor
service
of
the
hotel,
the
manager
is
_______
to
invest
in
sufficient
training
for
his
staff.
A.
keen
B.
reluctant
C.
anxious
D.
ready
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。A.
keen敏锐的；B.
reluctant不情愿的；C.
anxious渴望的；D.
ready准备好的。故选B。
35.
—What
happened?
Your
boss
seems
to
_______.
—Didn’t?you?know?his?secretary?leaked?the?secret?report?to?the?press?
A.
be?over?the?moon
B.
laugh?his?head?off
C.
be?all?ears
D.
fly?off?the?handle
【答案】D
【解析】考查习惯用语。句意：——发生什么了？你老板看起来勃然大怒。——你难道不知道他的秘书把秘密报告泄露给新闻界了吗？A.
be
over
the
moon非常高兴；B.
laugh
his
head
off笑的要死；C.
be
all
ears洗耳恭听；D.
fly
off
the
handle勃然大怒。故选D。
点睛：本题考查习惯用语。英语习语是英语中使用最普遍、表达力最强、文化内涵最丰富的一部分，包括成语、谚语、格言、典故、俚语、俗语、歇后语等，是英语语言的精粹。同学们在学习过程中准确掌握英语中的习语，能帮助同学们深刻理解英语词汇中的文化内涵及文化差异，从而更加准确、传神地使用英语。
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Raynor
Winn
and
her
husband
Moth
became
homeless
due
to
their
wrong
investment.
Their
savings
had
been___36___
to
pay
lawyers’
fees.
To
make
matters
worse,
Moth
was
diagnosed（诊断）with
a
____37____
disease.
There
was
no
____38____,
only
pain
relief.
Failing
to
find
any
other
way
out,
they
decided
to
make
a
____39____
journey,
as
they
caught
sight
of
an
old
hikers’(徒步旅行者）guide.
This
was
a
long
journey
of
unaccustomed
hardship
and
____40____
recovery.
When
leaving
home,
Raynor
and
Moth
had
just
￡320
in
the
bank.
They
planned
to
keep
the
____41____
low
by
living
on
boiled
noodles,
with
the
____42____
hamburger
shop
treat.
Wild
camping
is
____43____
in
England.
To
avoid
being
caught,
the
Winns
had
to
get
their
tent
up
___44___and
packed
it
away
early
in
the
morning.
The
Winns
soon
discovered
that
daily
hiking
in
their
50s
is
a
lot
______45______
than
they
remember
it
was
in
their
20s.
Raynor
_____46_____
all
over
and
desired
a
bath.
Moth,
meanwhile,
after
an
initial
______47______,
found
his
symptoms
were
strangely
_____48_____
by
their
daily
tiring
journey.
____49____,
the
couple
found
that
their
bodies
turned
for
the
better,
with
re-found
strong
muscles
that
they
thought
had
_____50_____
forever.
"Our
hair
was
fried
and
falling
out,
nails
broken,
clothes
_____51_____
to
a
thread,
but
we
were
alive."
During
the
journey,
Raynor
began
a
career
as
a
nature
writer.
She
writes,
"______52______
had
taken
every
material
thing
from
me
and
left
me
torn
bare,
an
empty
page
at
the
end
of
a(n)
______53______
written
book.
It
had
also
given
me
a
______54______,
either
to
leave
that
page
_____55_____
or
to
keep
writing
the
story
with
hope.
I
chose
hope.”
36.
A.
drawn
up
B.
used
up
C.
backed
up
D.
kept
up
37.
A.
mild
B.
common
C.
preventable
D.
serious
38.
A.
cure
B.
luck
C.
care
D.
promise
39.
A.
business
B.
walking
C.
bus
D.
rail
40.
A.
expected
B.
frightening
C.
disappointing
D.
surprising
41.
A.
budget
B.
revenue
C.
compensation
D.
allowance
42.
A.
frequent
B.
occasional
C.
abundant
D.
constant
43.
A.
unpopular
B.
lawful
C.
attractive
D.
illegal
44.
A.
soon
B.
early
C.
late
D.
slowly
45.
A.
harder
B.
easier
C.
cheaper
D.
funnier
46.
A.
rolled
B.
bled
C.
ached
D.
trembled
47.
A.
struggle
B.
progress
C.
excitement
D.
research
48.
A.
developed
B.
controlled
C.
reduced
D.
increased
49.
A.
Initially
B.
Eventually
C.
Temporarily
D.
Consequently
50.
A.
gained
B.
kept
C.
wounded
D.
lost
51.
A.
sewn
B.
washed
C.
worn
D.
ironed
52.
A.
Doctors
B.
Hiking
C.
Lawyers
D.
Homelessness
53.
A.
well
B.
partly
C.
neatly
D.
originally
54.
A.
choice
B.
reward
C.
promise
D.
break
55.
A.
loose
B.
full
C.
blank
D.
missing
【答案】36.
B
37.
D
38.
A
39.
B
40.
D
41.
A
42.
B
43.
D
44.
C
45.
A
46.
C
47.
A
48.
C
49.
B
50.
D
51.
C
52.
D
53.
B
54.
A
55.
C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Winn夫妇投资失败变得一无所有，更糟糕的是丈夫被诊断为重疾。然而他们没有放弃，决定徒步野外旅行。出乎意料的是，丈夫的症状渐渐减少了，夫妇二人变得越来越强壮了，妻子也开始了自然作家的生涯。
36.
考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A.
drawn
up起草；B.
used
up用光；C.
backed
up支持，援助；D.
kept
up保持。根据后面的to
pay
lawyers’
fees.提示可知，他们的积蓄都用光了。故选B。
37.
考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.
mild温和的；B.
common共同的；C.
preventable可预防的；D.
serious严重的。根据后句There
was
no
38
,
only
pain
relief.可知，Moth被诊断患上一种严重的疾病。故选D。
38.
考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.
cure对策；B.
luck幸运；C.
care关心；D.
promise诺言。名词cure在这里表示“治疗的方法”。没有任何治疗的方法，只有止疼。故选A。
39.
考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.
business事务；B.
walking走；C.
bus公交；D.
rail栏杆。根据后句as
they
caught
sight
of
an
old
hikers’(徒步旅行者)guide.可知，他们决定作一次徒步旅行。故选B。
40.
考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.
expected预期的；B.
frightening令人害怕的；C.
disappointing令人失望的；D.
surprising令人惊讶的。这是一次漫长的旅程，经历了不寻常的艰苦和惊人的恢复。故选D。
41.
考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.
budget预算；B.
revenue税收；C.
compensation赔偿；D.
allowance津贴。他们计划靠吃煮面条来维持低预算。故选A。
42.
考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.
frequent频繁的；B.
occasional偶尔的；C.
abundant大量的；D.
constant不断的。偶尔到汉堡包店享受一顿。故选B。
43.
考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.
unpopular不受欢迎的；B.
lawful合法的；C.
attractive吸引人的；D.
illegal非法的。根据后句To
avoid
being
caught可知，在英国，野营是非法的。故选D。
44.
考查副词以及对语境的理解。A.
soon不久；B.
early早的；C.
late迟的；D.
slowly慢慢地。根据后句and
packed
it
away
early
in
the
morning.中的early提示可知，他们不得不晚些时候把帐篷搭起来。故选C。
45.
考查形容词比较级以及对语境的理解。A.
harder更难的；B.
easier更容易的；C.
cheaper更便宜的；D.
funnier可笑的。根据常识可知，Winns夫妇很快发现在他们50多岁的每日徒步旅行要比他们所记得在他们20多岁的每日徒步旅行要艰难的很多。故选A。
46.
考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.
rolled滚动；B.
bled流血；C.
ached疼；D.
trembled发抖。根据常识可知，Raynor浑身疼。故选C。
47.
考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.
struggle斗争；B.
progress进展；C.
excitement激动；D.
research研究。经过最初的与病魔作斗争。故选A。
48.
考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.
developed发展；B.
controlled控制；C.
reduced减少；D.
increased增加。发现他的症状不可思议地减少了。故选C。
49.
考查副词以及对语境的理解。A.
Initially起初；B.
Eventually最终；C.
Temporarily临时地；D.
Consequently因此。最终，这对夫妇发现他们的身体变好了。故选B。
50.
考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.
gained获得；B.
kept保持；C.
wounded受伤；D.
lost失去。根据前句with
re-found
strong
muscles可知，他们原以为永远失去的强壮的肌肉又再现了。故选D。
51.
考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.
sewn缝；B.
washed洗；C.
worn穿破；D.
ironed熨。这里指他们的衣服破成了线状物。故选C。
52.
考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.
Doctors医生；B.
Hiking徒步旅行；C.
Lawyers律师；D.
Homelessness无家可归。无家可归夺走了我所有的物质。故选D。
53.
考查副词以及对语境的理解。A.
well好；B.
partly部分地；C.
neatly整洁地；D.
originally起初。在写已好书中的部分，最后有一页空白页。故选B。
54.
考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.
choice选择；B.
reward报酬；C.
promise许诺；D.
break休息。根据后句either
to
leave
that
page
55
or
to
keep
writing
the
story
with
hope.中either
…
or
…可知，这里是一种选择。它也给我一种选择。故选A。
55.
考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.
loose宽松的；B.
full满的；C.
blank空白的；D.
missing失踪的。根据前文中an
empty
page
at
the
end
of
a(n)
53
written
book.可知，要么留下那页空白，要么继续写着希望的故事。故选C。
点睛：本篇完形填空讲述了一个励志故事，传递出面对人生逆境乐观以对的人生态度。题目难度属于中等。考生需认真阅读短文，仔细审题，注意抓住故事情节，理解文章脉络，领会作者的写作意图，注重语境的理解，前后句之间的联系，在语境中斟酌所选的答案。
第三部分:
阅读理解(共15
小题；
每小题2
分,
满分30
分)
请认真阅读下列短文,
从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D
四个选项中,
选出最佳选项,
并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The
Metropolitan
Museum
of
Art
1000
Fifth
Avenue
New
York,
NY
10028
211-535-7710
www.metmuseum.org
Entrances
Fifth
Avenue
at
82nd
Street
Hours
Open
7
days
a
week.
Sunday-Thursday
10:00-17:30
Friday
and
Saturday
10:00-21:00
Closed
Thanksgiving
Day,
December
25,
January
1,
and
the
first
Monday
in
May.
Admission
$25.00
recommended
for
adults,
$12.00
recommended
for
students,
includes
the
Main
Building
and
The
Cloisters(回廊）on
the
same
day;
free
for
children
under
12
with
an
adult.
Free
with
Admission
All
special
exhibitions,
as
well
as
films,
lectures,
guided
tours,
concerts,
gallery
talks,
and
family/children's
programs
are
free
with
admission.
Ask
about
today's
activities
at
the
Great
Hall
Information
Desk.
The
Cloisters
Museum
and
Gardens
The
Cloisters
museum
and
gardens
is
a
branch
of
The
Metropolitan
Museum
of
Art
devoted
to
the
art
and
architecture
of
Europe
in
the
Middle
Ages.
The
extensive
collection
consists
of
masterworks
in
sculpture,
colored
glass,
and
precious
objects
from
Europe
dating
from
about
the
9th
to
the
15th
century.
Hours:
Open
7
days
a
week.
March-October
10:00-17:15
November-February
10:00-16:45
Closed
Thanksgiving
Day,
December
25,
and
January
1.
56.
How
much
may
they
pay
if
an
11-year-old
girl
and
her
working
parents
visit
the
museum?
A.
$12.
B.
$37.
C.
$
50.
D.
$
62
57.
The
attraction
of
the
Cloisters
museum
and
gardens
lies
in
the
fact
that
________.
A.
it
opens
all
the
year
round
B.
its
collections
date
from
the
Middle
Ages
C.
it
has
a
modern
European-style
garden
D.
it
sells
excellent
European
glass
collections
【答案】56.
C
57.
B
【解析】本文为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了The
Metropolitan
Museum
of
Art
的地理位置，开放时间，门票收取，展出内容以及分馆The
Cloisters
Museum
and
Gardens的相关情况。
56.
细节理解题。根据admission
部分$25
recommended
for
adults，$12recommended
for
students，free
for
children
under
12
with
an
adult可知，11岁的女孩和她父母去参观博物馆只需付两个成人的票价即25×2=50，故答案为C。
57.
细节理解题。根据文章The
Cloisters
Museum
and
Gardens
部分the
extensive
collection
consists
of
masterworks
in
sculpture,
colored
glass,
and
precious
objects
from
Europe
dating
from
about
the
9th
to
the
15th
century.可以得知，The
Cloisters
Museum
and
Gardens的吸引人的地方在于它的中古时期的收藏品，故选B。
点睛：文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上充分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案，属于较高难度的事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生、发展的正确顺序。
本题中两题皆为细节理解题，其中第一题为语义理解题，根据文章中admission部分的信息，通过计算很容易得出答案。而第二题也属于语义理解题。根据最后一部分中the
extensive
collection
consists
of
masterworks
in
sculpture,
colored
glass,
and
precious
objects
from
Europe
dating
from
about
the
9th
to
the
15th
century.可以推出其收藏品主要是中古时期的。
B
In
the
1760s,
Mathurin
Roze
opened
a
series
of
shops
that
boasted(享有)
a
special
meat
soup
called
consommé.
Although
the
main
attraction
was
the
soup,
Roze's
chain
shops
also
set
a
new
standard
for
dining
out,
which
helped
to
establish
Roze
as
the
inventor
of
the
modern
restaurant.
Today,
scholars
have
generated
large
amounts
of
instructive
research
about
restaurants.
Take
visual
hints
that
influence
what
we
eat:
diners
served
themselves
about
20
percent
more
pasta(意大利面食)
when
their
plates
matched
their
food.
When
a
dark-colored
cake
was
served
on
a
black
plate
rather
than
a
white
one,
customers
recognized
it
as
sweeter
and
more
tasty.
Lighting
matters,
too.
When
Berlin
restaurant
customers
ate
in
darkness,
they
couldn't
tell
how
much
they'd
had:
those
given
extra-large
shares
ate
more
than
everyone
else,
none
the
wiser—they
didn’t
feel
fuller,
and
they
were
just
as
ready
for
dessert.
Time
is
money,
but
that
principle
means
different
things
for
different
types
of
restaurants.
Unlike
fast-food
places,
fine
dining
shops
prefer
customers
to
stay
longer
and
spend.
One
way
to
encourage
customers
to
stay
and
order
that
extra
round:
put
on
some
Mozart(莫扎特).When
classical,
rather
than
pop,
music
was
playing,
diners
spent
more.
Fast
music
hurried
diners
out.
Particular
scents
also
have
an
effect:
diners
who
got
the
scent
of
lavender(薰衣草)
stayed
longer
and
spent
more
than
those
who
smelled
lemon,
or
no
scent.
Meanwhile,
things
that
you
might
expect
to
discourage
spending—"bad"
tables,
crowding.
high
prices
—
don't
necessarily.
Diners
at
bad
tables
—
next
to
the
kitchen
door,
say
—
spent
nearly
as
much
as
others
but
soon
fled.
It
can
be
concluded
that
restaurant
keepers
need
not
"be
overly
concerned
about
‘bad’
tables,"
given
that
they're
profitable.
As
for
crowds,
a
Hong
Kong
study
found
that
they
increased
a
restaurant's
reputation,
suggesting
great
food
at
fair
prices.
And
doubling
a
buffet's
price
led
customers
to
say
that
its
pizza
was
11
percent
tastier.
58.
The
underlined
phrase
"none
the
wiser"
in
paragraph
3
most
probably
implies
that
the
customers
were
________.
A.
not
aware
of
eating
more
than
usual
B.
not
willing
to
share
food
with
others
C.
not
conscious
of
the
food
quality
D.
not
fond
of
the
food
provided
59.
How
could
a
fine
dining
shop
make
more
profit?
A.
Playing
classical
music.
B.
Introducing
lemon
scent.
C.
Making
the
light
brighter.
D.
Using
plates
of
larger
size.
60.
What
does
the
last
paragraph
talk
about?
A.
Tips
to
attract
more
customers.
B.
Problems
restaurants
are
faced
with.
C.
Ways
to
improve
restaurants'
reputation.
D.
Common
misunderstandings
about
restaurants.
【答案】58.
A
59.
A
60.
D
【解析】本文为议论文。本文介绍了现代餐馆刺激消费和食欲的几种方法，以及人们对餐厅的一些错误看法。
58.
词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线部分的前句they
couldn't
tell
how
much
they'd
had:
those
given
extra-large
shares
ate
more
than
everyone
else,可知，在黑暗中，他们说不清自己吃了多少，再根据划线后的句子they
didn’t
feel
fuller,
and
they
were
just
as
ready
for
dessert.可知，他们虽然吃得很多，但并没有感觉更饱，仍然在等着吃甜点，所以他们没有意识到自己吃多了，故A正确。
59.
细节理解题。根据第四段中的One
way
to
encourage
customers
to
stay
and
order
that
extra
round:
put
on
some
Mozart(莫扎特）可知，要想让客人呆的时间更长应该播放莫扎特等古典音乐而不是流行音乐。Particular
scents
also
have
an
effect:
diners
who
got
the
scent
of
lavender(薰衣草）stayed
longer
and
spent
more
than
those
who
smelled
lemon,
or
no
scent.引入薰衣草香而不是柠檬香，而D项文章没有提及，所以用排除方法可以选A。
60.
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第一句Meanwhile,
things
that
you
might
expect
to
discourage
spending—"bad"
tables,
crowding，high
prices
—
don't
necessarily.可知，你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如：不好的桌子，拥挤以及高价等不一定会真影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解，故选D。
点睛：概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些转折词，如but，yet，however，although，in
spite
of，by
contrast，on
the
contrary等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息，准确归纳主旨大意。
本题的最后一题是主旨大意类，要求概括本段的主旨大意，根据寻找主旨大意的方法，通过阅读第一句话可以简单地总结出主旨大意为人们对于饭店的几个误解。再通过阅读下文可以找到支持这一观点的例子，因此可以确定主旨大意。
C
If
you
want
to
disturb
the
car
industry,
you'd
better
have
a
few
billion
dollars:
Mom-and-pop
carmakers
are
unlikely
to
beat
the
biggest
car
companies.
But
in
agriculture,
small
farmers
can
get
the
best
of
the
major
players.
By
connecting
directly
with
customers,
and
by
responding
quickly
to
changes
in
the
markets
as
well
as
in
the
ecosystems(生态系统),
small
farmers
can
keep
one
step
ahead
of
the
big
guys.
As
the
co-founder
of
the
National
Young
Farmers
Coalition
(NYFC,
美国青年农会)
and
a
family
farmer
myself.
I
have
a
front-row
seat
to
the
innovations
among
small
farmers
that
are
transforming
the
industry.
For
example,
take
the
Quick
Cut
Greens
Harvester,
a
tool
developed
just
a
couple
of
years
ago
by
a
young
farmer,
Jonathan
Dysinger,
in
Tennessee,
with
a
small
loan
from
a
local
Slow
Money
group.
It
enables
small-scale
farmers
to
harvest
175
pounds
of
green
vegetables
per
hour—a
huge
improvement
over
harvesting
just
a
few
dozen
pounds
by
hand—suddenly
making
it
possible
for
the
little
guys
to
compete
with
large
farms
of
California.
Before
the
tool
came
out,
small
farmers
couldn't
touch
the
price
per
pound
offered
by
California
farms.
But
now,
with
the
combination
of
a
better
price
point
and
a
generally
fresher
product,
they
can
stay
in
business.
The
sustainable
success
of
small
farmers,
though,
won't
happen
without
fundamental
changes
to
the
industry.
One
crucial
factor
is
secure
access
to
land.
Competition
from
investors,
developers,
and
established
large
farmers
makes
owning
one's
own
land
unattainable
for
many
new
farmers.
From
2004
to
2013,
agricultural
land
values
doubled,
and
they
continue
to
rise
in
many
regions.
Another
challenge
for
more
than
a
million
of
the
most
qualified
farm
workers
and
managers
is
a
non-existent
path
to
citizenship
—
the
greatest
barrier
to
building
a
farm
of
their
own.
With
farmers
over
the
age
of
65
outnumbering(多于)
farmers
younger
than
35
by
six
to
one,
and
with
two-thirds
of
the
nation's
farmland
in
need
of
a
new
farmer,
we
must
clear
the
path
for
talented
people
willing
to
grow
the
nation's
food.
There
are
solutions
that
could
light
a
path
toward
a
more
sustainable
and
fair
farm
economy,
but
farmers
can't
clumsily
put
them
together
before
us.
We
at
the
NYFC
need
broad
support
as
we
urge
Congress
to
increase
farmland
conservation,
as
we
push
for
immigration
reform,
and
as
we
seek
policies
that
will
ensure
the
success
of
a
diverse
and
ambitious
next
generation
of
farms
from
all
backgrounds.
With
a
new
farm
bill
to
be
debated
in
Congress,
consumers
must
take
a
stand
with
young
farmers.
61.
The
author
mentions
car
industry
at
the
beginning
of
the
passage
to
introduce
________.
A.
the
progress
made
in
car
industry
B.
a
special
feature
of
agriculture
C.
a
trend
of
development
in
agriculture
D.
the
importance
of
investing
in
car
industry
62.
What
does
the
author
want
to
illustrate
with
the
example
in
paragraph
2?
A.
Loans
to
small
local
farmers
are
necessary.
B.
Technology
is
vital
for
agricultural
development.
C.
Competition
between
small
and
big
farms
is
fierce
D.
Small
farmers
may
gain
some
advantages
over
big
ones.
63.
What
is
the
difficulty
for
those
new
famers?
A.
To
gain
more
financial
aid.
B.
To
hire
good
farm
managers.
C.
To
have
farms
of
their
own.
D.
To
win
old
farmers’
support.
64.
What
should
farmers
do
for
a
more
sustainable
and
fair
farm
economy?
A.
Seek
support
beyond
NYFC.
B.
Expand
farmland
conservation.
C.
Become
members
of
NYFC.
D.
Invest
more
to
improve
technology.
【答案】61.
B
62.
D
63.
C
64.
A
【解析】本文为说明文。文章作者作为全国青年农民联盟（NYFC）的联合创始人，分析了美国小农场的特点及目前美国小农场所面临的问题，督促国会对某些领域进行改革以支持美国国内小农场的发展
61.
推理判断题。根据文章第一句话If
you
want
to
disturb
the
car
industry,
you'd
better
have
a
few
billion
dollars:
Mom-and-pop
carmakers
are
unlikely
to
beat
the
biggest
car
companies.可知，一般人不可能影响到汽车工业，而根据第二句话的but
可知，农业和工业是不同的，接下来就介绍了农业不同于工业的地方，故B正确。
62.
推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句It
enables
small-scale
farmers
to
harvest
175
pounds
of
green
vegetables
per
hour—a
huge
improvement
over
harvesting
just
a
few
dozen
pounds
by
hand—suddenly
making
it
possible
for
the
little
guys
to
compete
with
large
farms
of
California.可以，推知新农具使小农场收获绿色蔬菜的效率提高，降低了收获成本，再根据最后一句But
now,
with
the
combination
of
a
better
price
point
and
a
generally
fresher
product,
they
can
stay
in
business.，小农场价格与大农场价格接近和小农场产品更新鲜的特点，这使得小农场相对于大农场有了一些相对的优势，故选D。
63.
细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句话Another
challenge
for
more
than
a
million
of
the
most
qualified
farm
workers
and
managers
is
a
non-existent
path
to
citizenship
—
the
greatest
barrier
to
building
a
farm
of
their
own.可知，新农民面临的最大挑战是无法获得公民身份，因此不能建设自己的农场，故选C。
64.
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句We
at
the
NYFC
need
broad
support
as
we
urge
Congress
to
increase
farmland
conservation,
as
we
push
for
immigration
reform,
and
as
we
seek
policies
that
will
ensure
the
success
of
a
diverse
and
ambitious
next
generation
of
farms
from
all
backgrounds.可知，NYFC需要广泛的支持，包括要求国会增加农田保护，推动移民改革，寻求确保不同背景的新农民的成功的政策等，所以为了保证农业经济的可持续发展农民需要寻求NYFC以外的很多方面的支持。故选A。
点睛：根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。本题中的第二小题是推理判断题，即根据例子判断作者想要解释什么，根据原文根据文章第二段可知一位年轻的农民发明了一件新农具，再根据第二句It
enables
small-scale
farmers
to
harvest
175
pounds
of
green
vegetables
per
hour—a
huge
improvement
over
harvesting
just
a
few
dozen
pounds
by
hand—suddenly
making
it
possible
for
the
little
guys
to
compete
with
large
farms
of
California.可以，推知新农具使小农场收获绿色蔬菜的效率提高，降低了收获成本，再根据最后一句，小农场价格与大农场价格接近和小农场产品更新鲜的特点，这使得小农场相对于大农场有了一些相对的优势，故选D。
D
Children
as
young
as
ten
are
becoming
dependent
on
social
media
for
their
sense
of
self-worth,
a
major
study
warned.
It
found
many
youngsters(少年）now
measure
their
status
by
how
much
public
approval
they
get
online,
often
through
“likes”.
Some
change
their
behaviour
in
real
life
to
improve
their
image
on
the
web.
The
report
into
youngsters
aged
from
8
to
12
was
carried
out
by
Children's
Commissioner
(专员)
Anne
Longfield.
She
said
social
media
firms
were
exposing
children
to
major
emotional
risks,
with
some
youngsters
starting
secondary
school
ill-equipped
to
cope
with
the
tremendous
pressure
they
faced
online.
Some
social
apps
were
popular
among
the
children
even
though
they
supposedly
require
users
to
be
at
least
13.
The
youngsters
admitted
planning
trips
around
potential
photo-opportunities
and
then
messaging
friends—and
friends
of
friends
—
to
demand
“likes”
for
their
online
posts.
The
report
found
that
youngsters
felt
their
friendships
could
be
at
risk
if
they
did
not
respond
to
social
media
posts
quickly,
and
around
the
clock.
Children
aged
8
to
10
were
"starting
to
feel
happy"
when
others
liked
their
posts.
However,
those
in
the
10
to
12
age
group
were
"concerned
with
how
many
people
like
their
posts",
suggesting
a
“need”
for
social
recognition
that
gets
stronger
the
older
they
become.
Miss
Longfield
warned
that
a
generation
of
children
risked
growing
up
"worried
about
their
appearance
and
image
as
a
result
of
the
unrealistic
lifestyles
they
follow
on
platforms,
and
increasingly
anxious
about
switching
off
due
to
the
constant
demands
of
social
media.
She
said:
"Children
are
using
social
media
with
family
and
friends
and
to
play
games
when
they
are
in
primary
school.
But
what
starts
as
fun
usage
of
apps
turns
into
tremendous
pressure
in
real
social
media
interaction
at
secondary
school."
As
their
world
expanded,
she
said,
children
compared
themselves
to
others
online
in
a
way
that
was
"hugely
damaging
in
terms
of
their
self-identity,
in
terms
of
their
confidence,
but
also
in
terms
of
their
ability
to
develop
themselves".
Miss
Longfield
added:
"Then
there
is
this
push
to
connect—if
you
go
offline,
will
you
miss
something,
will
you
miss
out,
will
you
show
that
you
don't
care
about
those
people
you
are
following,
all
of
those
come
together
in
a
huge
way
at
once."
"For
children
it
is
very,
very
difficult
to
cope
with
emotionally."
The
Children's
Commissioner
for
England's
study—life
in
Likes—found
that
children
as
young
as
8
were
using
social
media
platforms
largely
for
play.
However,
the
research—involving
eight
groups
of
32
children
aged
8
to
12—suggested
that
as
they
headed
toward
their
teens,
they
became
increasingly
anxious
online.
By
the
time
they
started
secondary
school—at
age
11—children
were
already
far
more
aware
of
their
image
online
and
felt
under
huge
pressure
to
ensure
their
posts
were
popular,
the
report
found.
However,
they
still
did
not
know
how
to
cope
with
mean-spirited
jokes,
or
the
sense
of
incompetence
they
might
feel
if
they
compared
themselves
to
celebrities(名人)
or
more
brilliant
friends
online.
The
report
said
they
also
faced
pressure
to
respond
to
messages
at
all
hours
of
the
day—especially
at
secondary
school
when
more
youngsters
have
mobile
phones.
The
Children’s
Commissioner
said
schools
and
parents
must
now
do
more
to
prepare
children
for
the
emotional
minefield(雷区)
they
faced
online.
And
she
said
social
media
companies
must
also
"take
more
responsibility".
They
should
either
monitor
their
websites
better
so
that
children
do
not
sign
up
too
early,
or
they
should
adjust
their
websites
to
the
needs
of
younger
users.
Javed
Khan,
of
children's
charity
Bamardo's,
said:
"It's
vital
that
new
compulsory
age-appropriate
relationship
and
sex
education
lessons
in
England
should
help
equip
children
to
deal
with
the
growing
demands
of
social
media.”
“It’s
also
hugely
important
for
parents
to
know
which
apps
their
children
are
using.”
65.
Why
did
some
secondary
school
students
feel
too
much
pressure?
A.
They
were
not
provided
with
adequate
equipment.
B.
They
were
not
well
prepared
for
emotional
risks.
C.
They
were
required
to
give
quick
responses.
D.
They
were
prevented
from
using
mobile
phones.
66.
Some
social
app
companies
were
to
blame
because
________.
A.
they
didn't
adequately
check
their
users'
registration
B.
they
organized
photo
trips
to
attract
more
youngsters
C.
they
encouraged
youngsters
to
post
more
photos
D.
they
didn't
stop
youngsters
from
staying
up
late
67.
Children's
comparing
themselves
to
others
online
may
lead
to
________.
A.
less
friendliness
to
each
other
B.
lower
self-identity
and
confidence
C.
an
increase
in
online
cheating
D.
a
stronger
desire
to
stay
online
68.
According
to
Life
in
Likes,
as
children
grew,
they
became
more
anxious
to
________.
A.
circulate
their
posts
quickly
B.
know
the
qualities
of
their
posts
C.
use
mobile
phones
for
play
D.
get
more
public
approval
69.
What
should
parents
do
to
solve
the
problem?
A.
Communicate
more
with
secondary
schools.
B.
Urge
media
companies
to
create
safer
apps.
C.
Keep
track
of
children's
use
of
social
media.
D.
Forbid
their
children
from
visiting
the
web.
70.
What
does
the
passage
mainly
talk
about?
A.
The
influence
of
social
media
on
children.
B.
The
importance
of
social
media
to
children.
C.
The
problem
in
building
a
healthy
relationship.
D.
The
measure
to
reduce
risks
from
social
media.
【答案】65.
B
66.
A
67.
B
68.
D
69.
C
70.
A
【解析】本文为议论文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体(social
media
)使得8-12岁使用社交app的孩子面临很多压力，分析了原因，并对此提出了建议。
65.
细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句话She
said
social
media
firms
were
exposing
children
to
major
emotional
risks,
with
some
youngsters
starting
secondary
school
ill-equipped
to
cope
with
the
tremendous
pressure
they
faced
online.可知，一些社交媒体公司正将孩子们暴露于大的情绪风险下，他们还没有能力应付他们在网上面临的巨大压力。故B正确。
66.
推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句话Some
social
apps
were
popular
among
the
children
even
though
they
supposedly
require
users
to
be
at
least
13.可知，一些社交apps很受孩子们欢迎，尽管它们要求使用者不低于13岁，言外之意，他们没有对孩子的年龄进行监管，故选A。
67.
细节理解题。根据文章第九段children
compared
themselves
to
others
online
in
a
way
that
was
"hugely
damaging
in
terms
of
their
self-identity,
in
terms
of
their
confidence,
but
also
in
terms
of
their
ability
to
develop
themselves".可知，孩子在网上与其他人比较损害他们的自尊心，自信心以及自我发展的能力。故B正确。
68.
推理判断题。根据文章第12段However,
the
research—involving
eight
groups
of
32
children
aged
8
to
12—suggested
that
as
they
headed
toward
their
teens,
they
became
increasingly
anxious
online.可知，随着孩子年龄的增长，他们开始渴望上网，再根据13段By
the
time
they
started
secondary
school—at
age
11—children
were
already
far
more
aware
of
their
image
online
and
felt
under
huge
pressure
to
ensure
their
posts
were
popular,
the
report
found.可以推断出，他们的压力源于他们渴望自己的发帖能受欢迎、被认可，由此可见他们渴望得到公众的认可。故选D。
69.
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段It’s
also
hugely
important
for
parents
to
know
which
apps
their
children
are
using.可以推断出,父母需要了解孩子在使用什么apps，所以应该时刻跟踪了解孩子对于社交app的使用。故选C。
70.
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Children
as
young
as
ten
are
becoming
dependent
on
social
media
for
their
sense
of
self-worth,
a
major
study
warned.可知，本文为新闻报道体，文章主要介绍青少年变得越来越依赖社交媒体。再根据全文内容可知文章主要介绍了社交媒体对孩子的影响，故A正确。
点睛：推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：（1）细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；（2）逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；（3）目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度；（4）预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。
本题的第二和第四小题都属于细节推理，解答此类题目首先要准确定位信息句，然后根据信息句进行合理判断，如第二小题根据原文信息Some
social
apps
were
popular
among
the
children
even
though
they
supposedly
require
users
to
be
at
least
13.中关键信息为even
though
后的内容，即尽管他们要求使用者要13岁以上，但在小于13的孩子中仍很受欢迎，说明他们的监管不力。
再如第四小题也属于细节推理题。根据文章第12段However,
the
research—involving
eight
groups
of
32
children
aged
8
to
12—suggested
that
as
they
headed
toward
their
teens,
they
became
increasingly
anxious
online.可知随着孩子年龄的增长，他们开始渴望上网，再根据13段By
the
time
they
started
secondary
school—at
age
11—children
were
already
far
more
aware
of
their
image
online
and
felt
under
huge
pressure
to
ensure
their
posts
were
popular,
the
report
found.可以推断出他们的压力源于他们渴望自己的发帖能受欢迎，被认可，由此可见他们渴望得到公众的认可。
第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
How
Arts
Promote
Our
Economy
When
most
people
think
of
the
arts,
they
imagine
the
end
product,
the
beautiful
painting,
a
wonderful
piece
of
music,
or
an
award-winning
performance
in
the
theater.
But
arts
groups
bring
broader
value
to
our
communities.
The
economic
impact
of
the
arts
is
often
overlooked
and
badly
judged.
The
arts
create
jobs
that
help
develop
the
economy.
Any
given
performance
takes
a
tour
bus
full
of
artists,
technical
experts,
managers,
musicians,
or
writers
to
create
an
appealing
piece
of
art.
These
people
earn
a
living
wage
for
their
professional
knowledge
and
skills.
Another
group
of
folks
is
needed
to
help
market
the
event.
“If
you
build
it
they
will
come”
is
a
misleading
belief.
Painters,
digital
media
experts,
photographers,
booking
agents
and
promoters
are
hired
to
sell
tickets
and
promote
the
event.
According
to
the
Dallas
Area
Cultural
Advocacy
Coalition,
arts
agencies
employ
more
than
10,000
people
as
full-or
part-time
employees
or
independent
contractors.
A
successful
arts
neighborhood
creates
a
ripple
effect（连锁反应）throughout
a
community.
In
2005,
when
the
Bishop
Arts
Theatre
was
donated
to
our
town,
the
location
was
considered
a
poor
area
of
town.
After
investing
more
than
$1
million
in
reconstructing
the
building,
we
began
producing
a
full
season
of
theater
performances,
jazz
concerts,
and
year-round
arts
education
programs
in
2008.
Nearly
40
percent
of
jazz
lovers
live
outside
of
the
Dallas
city
limits
and
drive
or
fly
in
to
enjoy
an
evening
in
the
Bishop
Arts
District.
No
doubt
the
theater
has
contributed
to
the
area’s
development
and
economic
growth.
Today,
there
are
galleries,
studios,
restaurants
and
newly
built
work
spaces
where
neighbors
share
experiences,
where
there
is
renewed
life
and
energy.
In
this
way,
arts
and
culture
also
serve
as
a
public
good.
TeCo
Theatrical
Productions
Inc.
made
use
of
Bloomberg’s
investment
of
$35,000
to
get
nearly
$400,000
in
public
and
private
sector
support
during
the
two-year
period.
Further,
Dallas
arts
and
arts-based
businesses
produce
$298
for
every
dollar
the
city
spends
on
arts
programming
and
facilities.
In
Philadelphia,
a
metro
area
smaller
than
Dallas,
the
arts
have
an
economic
impact
of
almost
$3
million
and
support
44,000
jobs,
80
percent
of
which
actually
lie
outside
the
arts
industry,
including
accountants,
marketers,
construction
workers,
hotel
managers,
printers,
and
other
kinds
of
art
workers.
The
arts
are
efficient
economic
drivers
and
when
they
are
supported,
the
entire
small-business
community
benefits.
It
is
wrong
to
assume
arts
groups
cannot
make
a
profit.
But
in
order
to
stay
in
business,
arts
groups
must
produce
returns.
If
you
are
a
student
studying
the
arts,
chances
are
you
have
been
ill-advised
to
have
a
plan
B.
But
those
who
truly
understand
the
economic
impact
and
can
work
to
change
the
patterns
can
create
a
wide
range
of
career
possibilities.
Arts
as
an
economic
driver
Our
communities
___71___
from
arts
in
terms
of
economy.
___72___
of
arts’
promoting
our
economy
Arts
activity
demands
a(n)
___73___
effort.
It
involves
creation,
performance,
and
___74___.★Artists
make
a
living
through
their
creative
work.★Others
get
paid
by
marketing
the
event.
Arts
have
a
gradually
spreading
___75___.
They
could
help
promote
other
industries
whether
they
lie
inside
or
outside
arts.★Besides
tickets,
some
jazz
lovers
will
pay
their
___76___
to
and
from
the
events.★Arts
contribute
to
cultural
development
when
people
gather
together
to
share
their
experience
and
renew
their
energy.
Investment
in
arts
could
produce
potential
___77___
economic
results.★TeCo
used
a
$35,000
art
investment
to
attract
an
overall
support
of
$400,000.★In
Dallas,
one
dollar
invested
in
arts
could
harvest
and
extraordinary
return
of
nearly
$300.★In
Philadelphia
the
arts
have
created
about
35,000
job
opportunities
for
workers
___78___
arts
industry.
Art
students
making
a
good
living
With
these
___79___
in
mind,
art
students
need
not
worry
about
their
career
and
have
a(n)
____80____
plan.
【答案】71.
benefit
72.
Ways
73.
joint/collective
74.
Promotion/marketing
75.
Effect
76.
fares
77.
Positive
78.
outside/beyond
79.
statistics/data/analyses
80.
Alternative
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述艺术是如何促进我们的经济发展的。
71.
同义转化题。根据文章第一段But
arts
groups
bring
broader
value
to
our
communities.(艺术团体给我们的社区带来了更大的价值。)，所填词的主语为Our
communities，故应为我们的社区从艺术中收益，所以用短语benefit
from从……受益。故填benefit。
72.
归纳题。分析右边表格各小点的内容可知，这里应该为艺术提升我们经济的方法，所以用way，注意首字母大写及复数形式。故填Ways。
73.
归纳题。根据文章第二段Any
given
performance
takes
a
tour
bus
full
of
artists,
technical
experts,
managers,
musicians,
or
writers
to
create
an
appealing
piece
of
art.可以归纳出，艺术活动需要集体共同努力。故填joint/collective。
74.
词性转化题。根据文章第三段Painters,
digital
media
experts,
photographers,
booking
agents
and
promoters
are
hired
to
sell
tickets
and
promote
the
event.中的动词promote转化为名词promotion，也可以用同义名词marketing。故填promotion/marketing。
75.
原词再现题。根据文章第四段A
successful
arts
neighborhoods
creates
a
ripple
effect（连锁反应）throughout
a
community.中的原词effect可以得出答案。故填effect。
76.
归纳题。根据文章第四段Nearly
40
percent
of
jazz
lovers
live
outside
of
the
Dallas
city
limits
and
drive
or
fly
in
to
enjoy
an
evening
in
the
Bishop
Arts
District.可以归纳出，爵士爱好者除了买票之外，还需要付来去交通费、住宿费等费用。故填fares。
77.
归纳题。根据文章倒数第三段the
arts
have
an
economic
impact
of
almost
$3
million
and
support
44,000
jobs,
80
percent
of
which
actually
lie
outside
the
arts
industry,
including
accountants,
marketers,
construction
workers,
hotel
managers,
printers,
and
other
kinds
of
art
workers.可知，艺术品投资可以产生潜在的积极经济效果。故填positive。
78.
原词再现题。根据文章倒数第三段the
arts
have
an
economic
impact
of
almost
$3
million
and
support
44,000
jobs,
80
percent
of
which
actually
lie
outside
the
arts
industry,
including
accountants,
marketers,
construction
workers,
hotel
managers,
printers,
and
other
kinds
of
art
workers.中的outside可以得出答案，也可以用其同义词beyond。故填outside/beyond。
79.
归纳题。这里是对文章的总结，艺术生应该考虑到上文这些统计数据或分析，故无需担心他们的职业。故填statistics/data/analyses。
80.
同义转化题。根据文章最后一段But
those
who
truly
understand
the
economic
impact
and
can
work
to
change
the
patterns
can
create
a
wide
range
of
career
possibilities.中的change
the
patterns转化为同义词alternative。故填alternative。
点睛：任务型阅读以“艺术如何促进我们的经济How
Arts
Promote
Our
Economy”为题，重点分析了艺术促进经济的途径。考查了考生在信息检索、内容归纳、语言结构等方面的知识与能力。填写答案时要注意与已填部分的形式保持一致，同时要注意时态、语态、句式等。检查核对初步完成的所要求的任务，注意拼写是否正确以及大小写等。
第五部分：书面表达(满分25
分)
81.
请阅读下面文字,并按照要求用英语写一篇150
词左右的文章。
【写作内容】
1.
用约30个词概括上述利用排名（ratings）进行消费的现象；
2.
谈谈你如何看待消费排名，然后用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1.
写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.
作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.
不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible
version
one:
As
a
major
channel
of
consumption
information,
the
rating
is
an
efficient
source
of
information
for
shopping
in
our
own
consumption.
Interestingly,
the
same
rating
may
have
different
influences
on
different
consumers.
I
tend
to
consult
consumption
ratings
whatever
I
purchase.
Firstly,
the
higher
rating
means
the
higher
quality
of
the
product,
or
better
service.
Based
on
the
ratings,
I
bought
my
beloved
backpack,
saw
interesting
films
and
tasted
delicious
foods.
Secondly,
ratings
can
save
time
to
make
decisions
in
shopping.
For
example,
there
are
huge
amounts
of
reference
books
which
I
am
often
confused
to
choose
from.
In
that
case,
it
is
both
convenient
and
economical
to
buy
books
according
to
the
ratings.
There
is
no
doubt
that
it
is
unwise
to
depend
completely
on
the
ratings
in
consumption.
The
advantages
and
disadvantages
of
ratings
are
often
closely
related.
It
is
necessary
to
hold
an
objective
attitude
towards
ratings.
Possible
version
two:
Nowadays,
most
commodities
or
services
are
rated
through
certain
channels.
These
ratings,
easy
to
access,
are
playing
an
increasingly
important
role
in
customers'
purchase
decision.
However,
results
are
sometimes
unsatisfactory.
There
is
no
denying
that
such
ratings
might
bring
convenience
to
consumers,
but
they
are
often
misleading
and
unreliable.
As
we
all
know,
most
of
the
ratings
are
based
on
others’
judgment
on
the
product
or
service
concerned.
Every
judgment
comes
from
a
specific
need
or
a
unique
psychological
state.
Apparently,
blindly
following
others'
advice
will
affect
our
own
judgment.
Another
fact
should
not
be
neglected
that
some
of
the
ratings
are
the
outcome
of
a
careful
manipulation
of
companies
or
sellers.
It
has
become
a
common
practice
for
some
to
pay
for
good
ratings
on
their
products
or
services
so
as
to
increase
their
sales.
Therefore,
we
should
give
a
second
thought
to
these
ratings
whenever
we
go
shopping.
【解析】今年作文仍然是读写作文，即先用30词概括阅读材料，然后针对材料中的话题写一篇议论文谈看法。首先要认真阅读两段有关消费排名现象及观点的纯文字材料，然后进行比较和分析，表明态度，作出价值判断。
文章首段要简要介绍两段材料，第一段材料为一对母子买旅行箱看了网上的评论，结果买回来的旅行箱质量很好。第二段材料为一家人去餐馆吃饭，看了on-line
rating，选择去了其中一家，但饭菜很不好吃，从而凸显出online
rating的不靠谱。
然后写你对online
rating的看法，表明观点，注意用2-3个论据来支撑自己的看法。
首先在概括要点时，要抓住要点，语言精炼。本文所给材料是描述某种现象，那么就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象。
第二步是提出自己的观点并加以论证。首先提出自己的观点，之后用论据来证明自己的观点，结尾要总结要点，与自己的观点句相呼应，使读者对主题有深刻的印象。