中考英语语法专题复习非谓语动词

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非谓语动词专题
学习目标:1.掌握动词不是式的用法;2.掌握动名词的用法。
【知识梳理1】
一．非谓动词概述：
非谓语动词，即在句子中不作谓语的动词，其具体形式分：不定式，动名词，分词三种。
二．非谓语动词的共性特征：
1没有单、复数变化和人称变化（因为不作谓语）；
2.仍然具有动词本身的特点：可以带宾语、状语；可以有自己的时态、（被动）语态变化；可以构成非谓语动词短语（即不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语）。
3.非谓语动词的否定形式：其结构形式无论是单一结构还是复合结构，都在其前面直接加not形成。例如：
a. Not knowing a right address, he couldn t find his friend s home.
b. I m so sorry not to have told you about him a little earlier.
c. Not swimming in the river in summer is good for you.
4.非谓语动词的复合结构（即逻辑主谓关系）：
a.It’s very important for me to learn English well now.
b.Do you mind my opening the window, please
c.There being no classes today, we don’t go to school.Because there are no classes today, …….
【知识梳理2】非谓语动词考点
一、动词不定式
知识点1：动词不定式的基本形式
基本形式
肯定： to do
否定： not to do
例：He refused to do extra work. 他拒绝做额外的工作。
My teacher advised me not to stay up late.我的老师建议我不要熬夜。
知识点2：动词不定式的用法
1) 用作主语(to do sth.+be…)
例：① To see is to believe. (眼见为实；百闻不如一见)
②
翻译：尽全力处理这些问题是我们的责任。
It is our duty ______________________these problems.
key: to try our best to deal with
批注：动词不定式做主语句子看起来头重脚轻，不平衡，所以常常用it做形式主语，真正的主语不定式后移，如：It is difficult to finish the job. 动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
2) 用作表语( 主语+be+ to do sth.)
动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如：
例：①最好的方法是加入一个英语俱乐部。
The best way is_________________________.
②第一件事是认真听老师讲。
The first thing is_______________________________.
keys: to join an English club; to listen to the teacher carefully
注意：以goal, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等名词为中心的短语，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用, 例如：His goal is to study abroad in the near future．
3) 用作宾语 (动词+ to do sth.)
(1)可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)，敢于计划准备(dare, plan, prepare)，拒绝提供失败(refuse, offer, fail)，觉得好像答应（seem, promise）。如：
①我们决定谈论一下去哪里度假。
We decided __________where to go for a holiday.
②他宁可吃白面包和米饭。
He prefers ________white bread and rice.
keys: to talk about; to eat
批注：注意区分部分动词后面跟动名词做宾语,如：advise, consider, finish, mind, miss, practice, enjoy, risk 例如：
He finished reading the book yesterday.他昨天看完这本书。
Have you considered looking for a penfriend 你是否考虑过找一位笔友呢？
(2)动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：
①我不知道把车停在哪里。
I don’t know________________.
②他给出建议如何做。
He gives advice on____________.
keys: where to park my car; what to do
(3)动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make / think... it+ adj. / n.+ to do... 如：
例：我发现记住所有的很难。
I find ________________everything.
key: it difficult to remember
4）用作定语（名词/代词+ to do）
例 ①我今天有如此多的衣服要洗。
I have________________ today.
②我们没有房子住。
We have__________________.
keys: so many clothes to wash; no houses to live in
批注：句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系.
5）用作宾语补足语（动词+宾语+to do）
1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, , invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：
1)I’d invite her to have dinner at my house.
2)We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.
2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里省略to，包括四“看”：look at, notice, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel。如：
1)This picture makes me feel excited！
2)We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week.
3.help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。
1) They can help you to learn English.
2)Using email English helps you write quickly.
6) 用作状语
1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：
1)为了赶上早班车，她起床非常早。
____________________, she got up very early.
2)一群年轻人为了讨论这个问题聚在一起。
A group of young people got together_________________.
3)她来到这座城市看望她的女儿。
She came to this city________________.
keys: In order to catch the early bus; to discuss this question; to visit her daughter
2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+ adj.+to do...”结构句中。如：
1) 我很幸运有这个机会。
I feel very lucky__________.
2) 见到你很高兴。
I am pleased_____________.
keys: to have the chance; to meet you
3.结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”“only to…”结构句中。如：
1)我太累了做不好这件事。
I’m ____________ well.
2)这个房间足够大，能住三个人。
The room is________________________.
3)她迅速赶回家结果发现她家的房子着火了。
She hurried to her home _______________on fire.
keys: too tired to do it; big enough for three people to live in; only to find her house
【例题精讲】
1：动词不定式做宾语
例1：He wants ______ some vegetables.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys
解析：want后面跟动词不定式做宾语，所以选C.
答案：C
例2：Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.
A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking
解析：forget后面跟不定式做宾语表示 “忘记要做某事”, 根据句意 “当你来上学时，不要忘记带来家庭作业.” 带来用to bring，所以选A.
答案：A
例3：He found it very difficult ______.
A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep
解析：本题考查find it +adj.+ to do sth., it做形式宾语，不定式做真正的宾语，所以选D.
答案：D
批注：在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。
2：动词不定式做定语
例1：Would you like something ______
A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks
解析：不定式做something的后置定语，所以选C.
答案：C
例2：He is not an easy man ______.
A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with
解析：不定式做man的后置定语，get on是不及物动词词组，接宾语需要加with, 所以选D.
答案：D
批注：不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。
3：动词不定式做宾补
例1:Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.
A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with
解析：本题考查不定式做宾语补足语，ask sb.后面用不定式做宾语补足语，帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth. 所以选择B.
答案：B
例2: I saw him _______ out of the room.
A. go B. went C.is going D. goes
解析：本题考查不定式作宾语补足语，see sb.后跟省略to的不定式做宾语补足语，所以选A.
答案：A
4：动词不定式做状语
例1：Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well.
A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns
解析：do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后可以接不定式作目的状语，所以选C.
答案：C
例2：I'm sorry ______ that.
A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear
解析：sb. be+ adj. 后面跟不定式做原因状语，所以选D.
答案：D
例3：He hurried to the bus station only______ the bus had left.
A. find B. to find C. finding D. found
解析：only 后面经常跟不定式做结果状语，所以选B.
答案：B
二、分词
知识点1：分词分类
分词可分为两类：现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词一般表示主动和进行的意义
如：the developing countries 发展中国家（正在发展的）
the boiling water 正开着的水
过去分词一般表示被动和完成的意义
如：the developed countries 发达国家（发展过的）
the boiled water 开过的水
知识点2：分词用法
成份 形式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
现在分词 △ △ △ △
过去分词 △ △ △ △
1. 作表语
e.g. The topic is very interesting.
We are interested in the topic.
批注：常见的现在分词和过去分词作定语的词有：surprised/surprising, excited/exciting/, amazed/amazing, bored/boring, moved/moving, tired/tiring等。
2. 作定语
e.g. Don’t disturb the sleeping birds in the tree.
The man called Jim is my cousin.
3. 作状语
(1)分词作时间状语或原因状语时，一般放在句首。
e.g. Standing in front of so many people, he couldn’t say a word at all.
Asked to look after the babies, I have to stay at home and can’t go with you.
(2)分词作方式状语、伴随状语以及结果状语时一般放在句末。
e.g. They sat in sofa, waiting for their mother.
The thief ran quickly, chased by some policemen.
4. 作补足语
e.g. He loves birds very much and likes watching them flying in the sky.
批注：分词在句子中除了作上述成分外，还可在句中作插入语，在初中阶段见的比较少，一般中考不考察。
e.g. Generally speaking, it is warmer here in autumn than in spring.
知识点3：分词的构成、特征及功能
构 成 特征和功能
时态和语态 否定式 具有形容词和副词的作用，在句中作表语、定语、补语和状语
主动结构 被动结构 在分词前加not
分词 现在分词 doinghaving done being donehaving been done
过去分词 done
【例题精讲】
例1：“Who’s the boy in the white T-shirt _____ under the tree ” “My friend.”
A. stand B. to stand C. stood D. standing
【解析】考查动词的现在分词的用法。现在分词作定语强调动作正在进行。所以选择答案D。
【答案】D
例2：He often drinks two cups of ______ water when he comes back.
A. boiling B. boil C. boiled D. boils
【解析】过去分词作定语表被动。boiled water意思是烧开的水，而boiling water意思是正在沸腾的水。
【答案】C
例3：The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
【解析】注意观察句中已经有谓语动词did not include，因而填非谓语动词，主语与分词间为被动关系，所以用过去分词。
【答案】C
例4：When I went into the room，I found _____ in bed．
A．him lying B．he lying C．he lies D．him was lying
【解析】注意句中的谓语动词found,其后可接宾语补足语，代词只能用宾格，后面不可再出现谓语动词。
【答案】A
例5：____ the house on fire, he dialed 119. 　
A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen
【解析】句意为“看到房子着火，他拨打了119”，他与看之间是主动关系，表当时事情正在发生，用现在分词。
【答案】B
例6：There was a man __________(call) Sandwich at the gate.
【解析】句意为“一个叫做Sandwich的人在大门口”，“被叫做”，用过去分词表被动。
【答案】called
例7：The result of the test was rather _____.
A. disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointed D. disappoint
【解析】考察现在分词作表语的用法。
【答案】B
例8：The murderer was brought in, with his hands ________ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
【解析】考察现在分词作状语表伴随的用法，分析句子含义“谋杀犯被逮捕时，手被系在背后。”被动用过去分词，有表示过去正在进行，所以用being tied。
【答案】A
3、动名词
知识点 1. 动名词的用法
1）作主语
例：Running is my favourite sport.跑步是我最喜爱的运动。
2）作宾语
a. 动词后面加动名词ing 作宾语，即V. +doing sth.
例：admit avoid keep consider delay prevent miss suggest mind 等
b. 词组后接doing
例：prefer...to... be used to... devote oneself to... be busy... It’s worth... 等
3）作表语
例：Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.
【例题精讲】
1. When you travel abroad, you can hardly avoid _______ products made in China. （常州模拟）
A. to buy B. buy C. buying D. be bought
【解析】考察动名词宾语，所以在动词后面需要用ing的形式，也可以根据固定短语avoid doing sth. 得出答案。
【答案】C
2. -We are now busy ________（prepare）for the Senior High School Entrance Examination. （常州模拟）
-I see, just take it easy.
【解析】考察动名词做宾语，所以在词组后面需要用ing的形式，也可以根据固定短语 be busy doing sth. 得出答案。
【答案】preparing
3. ___________ （repair）my TV set cost me 100 yuan. （常州模拟）
【解析】考察动名词做主语
【答案】Repairing
【课堂练习】
一、用动词的适当形式填空。
1.The boys didn’t realized what danger __________(face) until they walked into the forest.（常州北郊2017新课结业考）
2. Do you know which shop he went to (buy) paintings for this new house （2016二模）
3. --- Oh, Hong Mei Park is crowded with so many tourists.
--- Well, it seems hopeless ________(park) the car nearby.（常外2016新课结业考）
4. He can’t have any days off unless the work he devoted all his time to ________ (finish) successfully.（2017常外二模）
5. The purpose of the smart phones is to make life we have been used to easier, ________ (not make) it more complicated.（2017常外二模）
6.That is only way we can imagine__________(reduce) the waste of water in the bathroom. （2015常州中考）
7. Excuse me, haven’t you been told _______ (not smoke) in the reading room？（2014常州中考）
8. Isn’t it strange that the cat is used to ____________ (lie) beside the dog peacefully （2013常州中考）
9. –What is he busy doing
–Doing the experiment ____________ (complete) the science project. （2013常州中考）
10. Tom was seen (jump) into the river and help the child out.
答案: 1. to face 2. to buy 3. to park 4. is finished 5. not to make 6. to reduce 7. not to smoke 8. lying 9. to complete 10. to jump
二、单项选择
1. I’ve never heard the word ____in spoken English.
A. use　　 B. used　　　　　C. using　　　　 D. being used
2. The brave man died,________ his young wife nothing but a________ house.
A. left; breaking B. leaving; broken C. left; broken D. to leave; breaking
3. Deeply _________, I thanked her again and again.
A. being moved B. move C. moving　　　　　　　D. moved
4. With winter _____on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.
A. came　 B. comes　　　　C. come　　　　　D. coming
5. ____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.　
A. Having shown　　　B. Showing　　 C. Has shown　　 D. Having been shown
6. The ________price will save your dollar for each dozen.
A. reduce B. reducing　 C. reduced　　　　　　　D. reduces
7. The scientists were waiting to see the problem ____.
A. solve B. solved　 C. to solve　　 D. solving
8. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ________.
A. understand　 B. understanding C. to understand　 D. understood
9. The old sick lady entered the hospital, ____her two sons.
A. to support　 B. supporting　 C. supported by　　　D. having supported
10. ____and happy, Tom stood up and accepted the prize.
A Surprising　　 B. Surprised　 C. Being surprised　　 D. To be surprising
答案：1-5 BBDDD 6-10 BBDCB
【能力提升】
知识点1：it做形式主语, 不定式做主语
句型 句型特点 常用形容词
It is/ was + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 这里形容词是对人的品质、特征等的修饰、说明 good, kind, nice, clever, right, careful, wise, foolish, selfish, careless, wrong, silly, generous
句型 句型特点 常用形容词
It is/was + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 这里的形容词是对做的事的好坏等性质的修饰、说明 hard, difficult, easy, important, interesting, necessary, possible, impossible
批注：It做形式主语还有一个常考句型：It takes sb sometime to do sth. 如： It usually takes me three hours to do my homework every day.
【例题精讲】
例1：It is silly_______ him __________others for their mistakes．
A. of; forgiving B. for; not to forgive C. of; not to forgive D. for; forgiving
答案：C
例2：It is important for a dancer ___________ (be) healthy.
答案：to be
例3：They have realized how difficult it is_________(write) a good children’s book.
答案：to write
知识点2：动词不定式的否定式
不定式的否定式是not to do...，不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do...如：
1.They decide not to talk to each other.
2.His parents tell him never to play soccer in the street.
例1: The old man told the child ______ noisy.
A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not
答案：B
知识点3：too… to 和 …enough to
例1： 同义句转换
He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.
= He is ____________ young ____________ go to school.
= He is __________ ____________ enough______________ go to school.
答案：too; to; not old; to
例2：The room is so small that it can’t hold three men.
=The room is _______ ______ _______three men.
=The room is _______ ______ _______ _______ _______three men.
答案：too small to hold；not big enough to hold
知识点4：不定式做宾补在被动语态中还原to
这些词有一感(feel), 二听(listen to; hear), 三让(let, make, have), 四看(see, look at, watch, notice)
如：⑴see sb do sth→sb be seen to do sth (主动语态不含to，被动语态必须带to。)　　
⑵hear sb do sth→sb be heard to do sth 　　
⑶make sb do sth→sb be made to do sth　　
⑷have sb do sth→sb be had to do sth
例1：The teenagers are often heard ________pop songs instead of Peking Opera.
A. sing B. sang C. to sing D. sung
答案：C
例2：The workers were made ________(work) more than 12 hours a day in old China.
答案：to work
知识点5：动词不定式和动名词的区分
动词remember，forget，stop，go on，try，can't help等既能以动词不定式又能以动名词作宾语，但表达的意思却不同。
例题：试着翻译下面的句子
1. Remember to go to the post office after school.
_________________________________________
2. Don't you remember seeing the man before
_________________________________________
答案：1. 记着放学后去趟邮局。 2. 你不记得以前见过那个人吗
批注：remember 后用动名词表示 “记起过去做过的一件事”；后用动词不定式表示“记住要去做某一件事情”。
forget 后用动词不定式表示.“忘记要去做某件事情”；后用动名词表示“忘记过去做过的一件事情”。例如：
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）
He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）
stop后用动词不定式表示“停下来做另一件事情”（停下来的目的）；后用动名词表示“停止正在做的事情”。例如：
They stop to smoke.　 他们停下来，抽了根烟。
I must stop smoking.　 我必须戒烟了。
try 用动词不定式表示“设法去做某件事情”；后用动名词表示“试一试某种办法”。例如：
You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。
I tried planting trees but didn't succeed. 我试着种树，但未成功。
mean后用动词不定式表示“打算、想要做某事”；后用动名词表示“意味着、意思是”。例如：
I meant to tell you yesterday，but you were not in your office.我打算昨天告诉你，但是你不在办公室。
Missing the train means waiting for an hour错过这趟火车就意味着还要等一个小时。
be afraid of doing/to do
be afraid to do　不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"，be afraid of doing　担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。例如：
She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
can't help后用动词不定式表示“不能帮助做......”。后用动名词表示“禁不住....；不得不”。例如：
We couldn't help to finish it. 我们不能帮助完成这件事。
Hearing the bad news, the little girl can’t help crying. 听到这个坏消息，这个小女孩不禁哭了起来。
动词need, want, require,以及 be worth之后动名词的主动语态含有被动的意思，相当于不定式的被动语态。例如：
His clothes need mending(to be mended).他的衣服需要缝补。
Our teacher said that the way of study needed improving.老师说我们的这种学习方法需要改进。
The beautiful English song is worth listening to. 这首美妙的英文歌值得听。
方法总结： 根据语境动词后面跟不定式表示动作未发生，跟动名词表示习惯性动作。
例1. —There goes the bell.
—It's time for class. Let's stop ________.
A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. not talk
答案：C
例2. —Linda, I am very thirsty.
—Let's go to the nearest supermarket________ some drink，OK？
A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying
答案：C
例3. —You forgot ________the door.
—Oh, ________. I'll go and close it
A. closing; so I did B. to close; so I did
C. closing; nor did I D. to close; neither did I
答案：B
例4. Go on ________ the other exercise after you finish this one.
A. to do B. doing C. does D. Did
答案：A
例5. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock
A. rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
答案：C
例6. Tom kept quiet about the accident because he was afraid of____ his job.
A. lose B. to lose C. losing D. lost
答案：C
知识点6：现在分词和过去分词用法区别
1. 现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
区 别 例 句
现在分词 与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作和谓语动作之间是同时发生。 Be careful of the boiling water!
过去分词 与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已完成。 It is boiled water, you can drink it.
例1：Do you know the boy________ under the big tree
A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying
【解析】男孩与躺动作之间是主谓关系，表示事情正在发生，因而用现在分词。
【答案】D
例2：A person _____a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language, ______all about his own.
A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget C. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting
【解析】考察现在分词短语作后置定语的用法以及现在分词作状语表伴随的用法。
【答案】D
例3：The________ boy was last seen________ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play
【解析】考察现在分词作定语和宾语补足语的用法，句意为“那个男孩最后一次被看到…”，表示当时正在进行用现在分词。
【答案】A
例4： People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live B. to live C. lived D. living
【解析】考察现在分词作后置定语的用法
【答案】D
例5：The boy ______ Jack is my best friend.
A. call B. to call C. called D. calling
【解析】句意为“那个被称作…”，考察过去分词作定语的用法。
【答案】C
2. 现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别
常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例句
现在分词 一感；feel 二听：hear, listen to 三使：make ,let ,have四看：look at, see,watch, notice 主谓关系，谓语动作正在进行，尚未完成 I saw her dancing in the music room just now.
过去分词 动宾关系，动作已经完成，多强调状态 We found our hometown greatly changed.
例1：—Is Tom in the next room
— Well, it’s hard to say. But I heard him loudly when I passed by just now.
A. speak B. to speak C. spoken D. speaking
【解析】注意句中的时间状语when，指具体的时刻，因而可判断出当时事情正在发生。
【答案】D
例2：Because of my poor English I'm afraid I can't make myself________.
A. understand B. to understand C. understanding D. understood
【解析】关键是理解“make myself understood”使自己让别人理解，而非自己理解，所以用过去分词表被动。
【答案】D
例3：She caught the student ______ (cheat) in exams.
【解析】现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语与动词间是主谓关系，用现在分词。
【答案】cheating
3. 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
与主语的逻辑关系 例句
现在分词 主谓关系 Standing in the top of the mountain, he could see the whole city clearly.
过去分词 动宾关系 Asked to remember the song, I have to practice reading it again and again.
例1：The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions.
A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed
【解析】学生与遵循教授的建议之间是主谓关系，用现在分词表伴随。
【答案】B
例2：China is one of the largest countries in the world, _____9. 6 million square kilometres.
A. to cover B. covered C. covers D. covering
【解析】China与cover之间是主谓关系，用现在分词。
【答案】D
例3：________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding
【解析】Harvard与found之间是动宾关系，用过去分词，这里需要提醒学生found意为“成立”，注意区分find的过去式found。
【答案】C
例4：________ time, he'll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
【解析】he与give之间是动宾关系，因而用过去分词。
【答案】D
知识点7：动词不定式和现在分词作宾补的区别
常见动词 区 别 例 句
现在分词 一感；feel 二听：hear, listen to 三使：make,let ,have四看：look at, see,watch, notice 表示动作的一部分正在进行。 I saw him crossing the road.我看见他正在过马路。
动词不定式 表示动作全过程已经结束或存在的事实。 I saw him cross the road.我看见他过马路。
例1：When I walked past the park, I saw some old people ________ Chinese Taiji.
A. do B. did C. doing D. are doing
【解析】考查非谓语动词辨析。see sb. doing sth 是指“看见某人正在做某事”，不是全过程，表正在进行；see sb. do sth 是指“看见某人做过某事”，是看见事情发生的全过程(此处do前省略to)。句意：当我经过公园的时候，我看到一些老人在打（中国）太极拳。因为是经过，所以，看见的全过程可能性不大，所以选择答案C。
【答案】C
例2：I found a letter ______ on the floor when I came into the classroom.
A. lying B. lay C. lie D. lies
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我走进教室的时候，我发现地上躺着一封信。find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事。
【答案】A
例3：A cook will be immediately fined if he is found _____________________.(smoke)
【解析】find sb. do sth. 发现某人做某事，表示已存在的事实，用动词不定式。
【答案】smoke
例4：Just then he heard someone ______ (call) for help.
【解析】注意分析句子含义just then意为“就在那时”强调是时间点，用现在分词。
【答案】calling
知识点8：have sb. do sth., have sb. doing sth.和have sth.done的区别
1. have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let, make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。
The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对着他的父亲站着。
2. have sb. doing sth. 意为“让某人一直做某事”,have可以用keep代替，现在分词doing这个动作往往具有持续、进行的含义。
The two men had their lights burning all night long. 那两个人让灯通宵亮着。
3. have sth. done意为“让某事被（别人）做”，即ask sb. to do sth.过去分词(done)这个动作由他人（非主语本身）来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。
The driver had his car washed once a week. 那位司机每周让人洗一次车。
My hair is too long. I’ll have it cut tomorrow. 我的头发太长了。明天我要请人理发了。
例1：He wants to have his TV ________.
A. repairing B. repaired C. to repair D. to be repairing
【解析】考查非谓语动词用法。句意：他让别人帮他修电视。电视机是被修理，TV和repair之间是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动，所以选择答案B。
【答案】B
例2：The workers had the machines _______(run) all night long to finish the work on time.
【解析】这里要特别注意审题，虽然宾语是物，但不是用have sth. done，而是用have sb. doing sth.表示“让机器一直运作。”
【答案】runnning
例3：People in the south have their houses ______(make) of bamboo.　
【解析】have sb. done, house与make,之间动宾关系，所以用过去分词。
【答案】made
知识点9：现在分词和动名词的区别（选讲）
构 成 特征和功能
时态和语态 否定式 具有形容词和副词的作用，在句中作表语、定语、补语和状语
主动结构 被动结构 在其前加not
现在分词 doinghaving done being donehaving been done
动名词 具有名词的作用，在句子中作主语、宾语、定语和表语
批注：现在分词和动名词构成，相同学生们大多对此知识点容易混淆，不能被它的表象所迷惑。教师在讲授时务必要强调动名词可作主语和宾语，而现在分词却不能，这是两者最本质的区别。对于作定语和表语时无需特别区分二者。
例1：Seeing their teacher _______ into the classroom, they stopped _______ at once.
A. walk; telling B. entering; to speak C. enter; to tell D. walking; talking
【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：“看到老师走进教室，他们立刻停止了谈话。”第一个空考查see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事；第二个空考查stop doing sth 停止做某事。前者是考察现在分词，后者则是考察动名词作宾语的用法。
【答案】D
例2：______ the bad news made him cry.
A. Hear B. Heard C. Hearing D. Is hearing
【解析】句子中缺少主语，所以用动名词，这里用的不是现在分词
【答案】C
例3：When a man’s heart stops ______ , he dies.
A. to beat B. beating C. beat D. beaten
【解析】stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事，这里doing是动名词作宾语的用法，当谓语动词后直接接代词或名词，其后的doing 作宾语补足语是是现在分词，注意区分。
【答案】B
例4：It goes without _______ that knowledge is important.
A. says B. to say C. saying D. said
【解析】介词without后接doing, 是动名词作宾语的用法。
【答案】C
【课堂练习】
一、单项选择
1. We'd better ________off our mobile phones. The meeting will start in a minute.
A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned
2. It's time for sports. Let's ________ bowling, shall we
A. go B. to go C. going D. goes
3. The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers________ halfway.
A. stop B. to stop C. stopping D. stopped
4. Internet bars mustn't let people under 18 in or let anybody ________bad things.
A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watches
5. —What about playing football this afternoon, Sam
—I would rather ________at home than ________football. It's too hot outside.
A. stay; playing B. stay; play C. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing
6. Alice asked me___ another bag for her.
A. get B. got C. to get D. getting
7. —Why not ________music club
—I'm sorry. I can't sing or dance.
A. to join B. join C. joining D. to join in
8. —How do you know that she likes singing
—I often hear her ________after class.
A. to sing B. sang C. sing D. sings
9. You are so busy. What do you want me ________for you
A. do B. done C. to do D. doing
10. Our teacher always tell us______ more English in and out of class.
A. speak B. spoken C. to speak D. speaking
11. Mr Green kept on ________the players_________ team work..
A. asking; to remember B. asking; remembering
C. to ask; remembering D. to ask; to remember
12. They preferred ________in bed rather than ________ horses.
A. to lie: to ride B. lying; riding C. to lie: ride D. lying: ride
13. After the P. E. class, the teacher offered us something________.
A. drink B. drinking C. drunk D. to drink
14. —Do you want to eat something
—________, thanks. I am feeling sick now. I don't feel like________.
A. Yes; eating something B. No; to eat anything
C. Yes; to eat anything D. No; eating anything
15. He used to ______very late, but now he is used to ______ early.
A. get up; getting up B. get up; get up
C. getting up; get up D. getting up; getting up
答案：CAAAB CBCCC ACDDA
【解题方法】
（a）
1. 动词不定式在句子中可以充当什么成分？
2. 常考的动词不定式作宾语和补语的固定搭配有哪些？
3. 常考的动名词做宾语或补语的固定搭配有哪些？
4. see/notice/watch/hear sb do sth与see/notice/watch/hear sb doing sth有何区别？
（b）
5. 首先判断分词中的动作，是正在进行或尚未完成的用现在分词；动作已经完成，强调状态的用过去分词；
6. 其次判断分词与宾语的逻辑关系，是主谓关系用在分词；是动宾关系则用过去分词。
7.注意现在分词和动词不定式用法间的区别：
如果是强调全过程或习惯性动作的用动词不定式；表示正在发生的用现在分词。
二、注意事项
注意区分动名词和现在分词的用法，动名词在句中能作主语和宾语，而现在分词不能。
【链接中考】
( )1. 一Jack, why have you decided Chinese folk music as a course
一To learn more about Chinese culture.
A. take B. taken
C. taking D. to take
( )2. 一Was it necessary John some photos before helping the old man
一I think so. In this way, he could protect himself later.
A. of; taking B. for; taking
C. of; to take D. for; to take
( )3. Diana used to to work, but now she is used to because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.
A. drive; walking B. drive; walk
C. driving; walk D. driving; walking
( )4. The girl students are discussing the walls in the classroom.
A. what to paint color B. to paint what color
C. which color to paint D. to paint which color
( )5. Mom does all the housework so that Sarah can take the time her words on paper.
A. put B. putting
C. to put D. puts
( )6. 一Why doesn't the surgeon stop lunch
一Because he is too busy a dying patient in the operation room.
A. to have; to save B. having; to save
C. to have; saving D. having; saving
( )7. Xu Yuanchong, a 96-year-old man, devotes most of his lifetime to works of literature.
A. translate B. translates
C. translating D. translated
( )8. I saw Tom his key in the lock, turn it and open the door.
A. put B. putting
C. puts D. to put
( )9. A nurse Carolyn will look after the baby when his mother away.
A. naming; is B.naming; will be
C. named; is D. named; will be
( )10. We'll do what we can the sick man.
A. to help B. help
C. helps D. helped
( )11. 一Do you prefer basketball with me
一No, I'd rather at home and watch TV.
A. play; stay B. to play; to stay
C. play; to stay D. to play; stay
( )12. 一I didn't hear you come in just now.
一That's good. I tried the baby up.
A. to wake B. not to wake C. waking
( )13. 一Mario, your mobile phone is ringing.
一Wait a minute. It's dangerous for us it while crossing the street.
A. answering B. to answer
C. answer D. answered
( )14. We only planned the play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours.
A. watch B. watches C. to watch D. watched
( )15. is the best way to keep a good relationship with your parents, teachers and other people around you.
A. Active communicating
B. Actively communicating
C. Actively communication
D. Active communicate
( )16. Though he often made his little sister ，today he was made by her.
A. cry; to cry
B. cried; crying
C. to cry; cry
( )17. As a volunteer, the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital them up.
A. to cheer B. cheer C. cheering D. cheered
( )18. Doctors in the town are using the books their studies and treat patients.
A. continue B. to continue
C. continuing D. continues
( )19. 一Would you mind the electric fan, Alice
一Of rnurse not. It is so hot here.
A. turn off B. turn on
C. turning off D. turning on
( )20. Our teacher often tells us time.
A. not waste B. don't waste
C. not to waste D. doesn't waste
( )21. 一Why did his father buy that phone watch for him
一Because the GPS in the watch can help him to avoid the way.
A. to lose B. lose C. loses D. losing
( )22. Jane is my new pen pal. I often look forward to her e-mail.
A. receive B. receives C. receiving D. received
( )23. 一Jack hasn't taken his piano lessons for a long time.
一He is considering his piano course and spending more time on his study.
A. to drop B. to throw
C. dropping D. throwing
( )24. 一Jack, remember off the lights when the home.
一OK, I won't forget, Mom.
A. turning; leaving B. to turn; leave
C. turning; left D. to turn; leaving
( )25. To keep children away from danger, we warn parents children at home alone.
A leave B. to leave
C. not leave D. not to leave
( )26. 一You'd better advise him anything out of the window while driving.
一I will. He has to know it's dangerous.
A. not throwing B. no throwing
C. not to throw D. don't throw
( )27. The child is crying. Please do something to make him .
A. stop to cry
B. stop crying
C. to stop crying
( ) 28. Dick in America, but he has been Chinese food since he moved to China.
A. used to live; used to eating
B. is used to live; used to eat
C. is used to live; used to eating
D. used to living; used to eat
( )29. The Monkey King can make 72 changes to his shape and size, himself into different animals and objects.
A. turned B. to turn C. turning D. turn
( )30. 一Why did you buy so many flowers
一 my wife. I did something wrong yesterday. She is still angry with me.
A. Please B. To please
C. Pleasing D. Be pleased
( )31. It's time for me goodbye to my mother school. I will never forget all my love.
A. to say; teachers'
B. saying; teachers'
C. to say; teacher's
( )32. 一I saw Jim into that new building just now,
一Oh, it's our new library. It to the public for a week.
A. walk; has opened
B. walk; has been open
C. walking; has opened
( )33. 一How does your brother go to school
一He ride a bike, but now he there to keep fit.
A. used to; is used to walk
B. used to; is used to walking
C. was used to; is used to walking
D. was used to; is used to walk
( )34. 一Bob, I'm not good at English. What should I do
一Why not an English club to practice English
A. to join; speaking B. join; to speak
C. to join; to speak D. join; speaking
答案
1-10 DDACCCCACA 11-20 DBBCBAABDC 21-30 DCCDDCBACB
31-34 ABBD
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