小升初英语知识点梳理

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名称 小升初英语知识点梳理
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版本资源 人教精通版(三年级起点)
科目 英语
更新时间 2018-06-29 15:40:32

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目录
Part1--单词分类 3
1、基数词 3
2、序数词 3
3、基数词变序数词规律: 4
三十一、患病 illness 10
三十二、形容词 10
三十三、动词短语 11
三十四、节日 Festival: 11
Part2--易错点 12
Part3--形容词比较级 13
Part4--小学英语时态小结 14
1.)I usually go to school on foot. 15
2.)We play football every Sunday afternoon. 15
3.)What do they do on Sundays? 15
I usually played with my friends last year. 16
I was busy last weekend. 16
I wasn’t busy last weekend. 16
I played football. 16
I went by bus. 16
Part5--人称代词与物主代词 17
一、人称代词 17
二、物主代词 17
Part6--句型专项归类 18
I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening. 18
I have three pencils. 20
I can see four girls. 20
Part7--完全,缩略形式: 21
Part8--名词单复数、名词所有格 21
【名词单复数】 21
【名词的格】 21
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格: 21
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如: 22
a picture of the classroom a map of China 22
Part9--冠词 22
(1) 不定冠词:a / an 22
(2)定冠词:the 22
Part10--反义词或对应词 23
Part11--PEP人教小学英语教材四会句型汇总 24
一、一般疑问句 24
二、谈论时间 26
三、谈论颜色 27
四、谈论地点 27
五、谈论价格 28
六、谈论数量 28
七、谈论人物 28
八、谈论喜好 28
九、谈论事情 29
I often play football. 我经常去踢足球。 30
I can cook the meals. 我会做饭。 31
I can water the flowers. 我会浇花。 31
十、谈论方式 31
十一、谈论心情,身体状况 31
十二、谈论体重、身高 32
十三、谈论职业 32
十四、谈论天气 32
Part1--单词分类
一、颜色类colours:
red红色 yellow黄色 white白色 pink粉红色 purple紫色 brown棕色 blue蓝色 black黑色 green绿色 orange橙色 gray 灰色 
例句1:——What colour is it? 它是什么颜色?
——It’s pink. 它是粉色。
例句2: ——What colour is your shirt? 你的衬衣是什么颜色?
——It’s blue. 它是蓝色。
人体(body): foot脚 head头 face脸 hair头发 nose鼻子 mouth嘴 eye眼睛 ear耳朵 arm手臂 hand手 finger手指 leg腿 tail尾巴
三、数字类 numbers:
1、基数词
one 1 two 2 three 3 four 4 five 5 six 6 seven 7 eight 8 nine 9 ten 10 eleven 11 twelve 12 thirteen 13 fourteen 14 fifteen 15 sixteen 16 seventeen 17 eighteen 18 nineteen 19 twenty 20 twenty-one 21 thirty 30 forty 40 fifty 50 sixty 60 seventy 70 eighty 80 ninety 90 hundred 百
A: How many kites can you see? 你能看见多少风筝?
B: I can see eleven. 我看见了11只。
A: How many people are there in your family? 你家有多少人?
B: There are five. 我家有5人。
A: How many books do you have? 你有多少本书?
B: I have thirty. 我有30本书.
2、序数词
first 1st 第一 second 2nd 第二 third 3rd 第三 fourth 4th第四 fifth 5th 第五 eighth 8th 第八 ninth 9th 第九 twelfth 12th 第十二 twentieth 20th 第二十 thirtieth 30th 第三十 fortieth 40th 第四十 fiftieth 50th 第五十 sixtieth 60th 第六十 seventieth 70th 第七十 eightieth 80th 第八十 ninetieth 90th 第九十 fifty-sixth 56th 第五十六
例句1:——Where is the canteen? 餐厅在哪儿?
—— It’s on the first floor. 在一楼。
例句2:——When is your birthday? 你的生日在什么时候?
——It’s October 1st . 在10月1日。
3、基数词变序数词规律:
(1)一般在基数词后加th eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不规则变化 one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,
twelve—twelfth
(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。 twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 基数词转为序数词的口诀: 基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th. 一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d. 八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。 ty将y变成i,th前面有个e. 若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
四、课程类 subjects:
Chinese语文 English英语 P. E.体育 math数学 music音乐 art美术 science科学sports体育运动 Moral Education 思想品德课 Social Studies社会课
例句1:—— What do you have on Mondays? 你( 你们)星期一有什么课?
——I/ We have English and math. 我(我们)有英语和学。
五、天气类weather:
rainy下雨的 sunny晴朗的 snowy下雪的 windy刮风的 cloudy多云的 warm 温暖的 cold寒冷的 cool 凉爽的 hot 炎热的 weather report 天气预报
例句1:—— What’s the weather like in Xi’an? 西安天气怎样?
—— It’s sunny and warm. 天气晴朗,暖和。
例句2:——Is it hot? 天气热吗?
——No, it’s not. 不热。/ Yes, it is. 是的,很热。
六、动物类animals: 
rabbit 兔子 cat猫 dog狗 duck鸭子 pig猪 panda熊猫 bird鸟 cow奶牛 lamb羊羔 goat山羊 sheep绵羊 horse马 bear熊 hen母鸡 giraffe长颈鹿 monkey 猴子 donkey驴 kangaroo 袋鼠 lion 狮子 tiger 老虎 deer鹿 mouse老鼠 elephant 大象 squirrel松鼠 snake蛇 fish鱼 fox 狐狸 zebra斑马 goose鹅 hen母鸡 turkey火鸡 squid鱿鱼 lobster龙虾 shark鲨鱼 seal海豹
sperm whale抹香鲸 killer whale虎鲸 whale鲸鱼
例句1:——What are they? 它们是什么?
——They are cats. 它们是猫。
例句2:——Are they goats? 它们是山羊吗?
——Yes, they are. 是的。/ No, they aren’t.不,不是。
例句3:——How many cows are there?这里有多少头牛?
——Twelve.
七、水果类fruit:
apple苹果 orange橘子 banana香蕉 pear梨 grapes葡萄 watermelon 西瓜 strawberry 草莓  peach 桃子 
例句1:——What’s your favourite fruit? 你最喜欢的水果是什么?
——I like apples. 我喜欢苹果。
例句2:—— Do you like bananas? 你喜欢香蕉吗?
—— Yes, I do.是的,我喜欢 / No, I don’t.不,我不喜欢。
八、肉类meat:
 fish鱼肉 beef牛肉 chicken鸡肉 mutton羊肉 pork猪肉
九、主食类 food:
rice米饭 noodles面条 bread面包 cake蛋糕 hamburger汉堡包 French fries炸薯条 hot dog 热狗 soup汤 egg蛋
dumplings 饺子
例句1:——What would you like to eat for dinner? 晚饭你想吃什么?
——I’d like some beef and rice. 我想吃牛肉和米饭。
例句2:——What’s your favourite food? 你最喜欢的食物是什么?
——I like noodles. 我喜欢面条。
十、蔬菜类vegetable:
tofu豆腐 tomato西红柿 potato土豆 cucumber黄瓜 carrot胡萝卜cabbage大白菜 eggplant茄子 green beans青豆 onion洋葱
例句1:——What do you have for lunch on Tuesdays?你们周二午饭吃什么?
——We have tomatoes, tofu and rice. 我们吃西红柿,豆腐和米饭。
十一、饮料类drink: 
tea 茶 milk牛奶 coffee咖啡 Coke可乐 juice果汁 water水 pop 汽水
A: What would you like to drink? 你想喝什么?
B: I’d like some coffee. 我想喝咖啡。
十二、味道类taste: 
tasty可口的 sour酸的 sweet甜的 salty咸的 fresh新鲜的 healthy健康的  
十三、服装clothes: 
pants长裤 jeans牛仔裤 socks短袜 shoes鞋子shorts短裤jacket夹克衫 boots靴子 sneakers 运动鞋 slippers 拖鞋 sandals 凉鞋 boots 靴子 T-shirt T恤衫 dress连衣裙 shirt衬衫 skirt裙子 hat 有檐的帽子 cap 便帽 sunglasses 太阳镜 tie领带 gloves手套
A: Is this your sweater? 这是你的毛衣吗?
B: Yes, it is. 是的。 / No, it isn’t. 不是的。
A: What colour are your slippers? 你的拖鞋是什么颜色?
B: They are red. 它们是红色。
A: How much is that dress? 那条连衣裙多少钱?
B: It’s ninety-nine yuan. 它99元。
十四、职业 jobs:
doctor医生 farmer农民 driver司机 nurse护士 teacher老师 writer作家 accountant会计 singer歌唱家 salesperson售货员 engineer工程师actor男演员actress女演员policeman警察 policewoman女警察 artist画家 TV reporter电视台记者 student学生 cleaner清洁工 baseball player棒球运动员
A: What does your mother do? 你的妈妈是干什么的?
B: She is an actress. 她是一名演员。
A: What does your father do? 你的爸爸是干什么的?
B: He is a TV reporter. 他是一位电台记者。
十五、时间 time:
o’clock点钟; in the morning在早上; in the afternoon 在下午; in the evening在晚上;at noon在中午;tomorrow明天;yesterday昨天;today今天;this morning今天早上;tonight今晚;this evening今天晚上;this afternoon今天下午;next weekend下周末 never从不 next week下周;this weekend这个周末;on the weekend在周末;usually通常;often经常;sometimes有时候;
A: What time is it? 现在几点?
B: It’s ten o’clock. 现在10点整。
A: When do you get up? 你几点起床?
B: I usually get up at 6:30. 我通常6:30起床。
十六、地点 locations:
library图书馆; school学校; park公园;pet shop宠物商店;post office邮局;bank银行; cinema电影院;bookstore书店; hospital医院; science museum科学博物馆; supermarket超市;shoe store鞋店;garden花园;home家; farm 农场 ; zoo 动物园; playground 操场; canteen 食堂 ;teacher’s office 老师的办公室; gym 体育馆; art room 绘画教室; computer room 计算机教室; music room 音乐教室; TV room 电视机房; flat 公寓; company 公司 ;factory 工厂; nature park 自然公园; theme park 主题公园 ; The Great Wall 长城;village 乡村city 城市 
A: Where are you going to do this afternoon? 今天下午你打算去哪儿?
B: I’m going to the Great Wall. 我打算去长城。
十七、交通工具 vehicles: 
train火车; bike自行车; plane飞机; car汽车; jeep吉普车; ship轮船;boat小船on foot走路; bus公共汽车; subway地铁  taxi 出租车 ;motor cycle 摩托车
A: How do you go to school? 你怎么去上学?
B: I go to school on foot. 我走着去。
十八、方位词 prep.: 
in在…里面; on在…上面;under在…下面; behind在…后面;in front of在…前面near在…附近; turn left向左转; turn right向右转; next to与…相邻; over 在…上面west西; east东; north北; south南; on the left在左边; on the right在右边 
A: Where is the hospital?
B: It’s next to the bookstore.
十九、书籍 books:
comic book漫画书 newspaper报纸 magazine杂志 post card明信片 dictionary字典  
二十、房间类 rooms:
living room客厅 study书房 kitchen厨房 bathroom浴室 bedroom卧室 classroom教室
二十一、学习用品类 school things:
ruler尺子 pen钢笔 pencil铅笔 pencil-case铅笔盒 eraser橡皮 picture图画 sharpener 卷笔刀 schoolbag书包 computer电脑 light灯 lamp台灯 board写字板 teacher’s desk讲台桌 kite 风筝 desk课桌 chair椅子 crayon蜡笔story-book 故事书 notebook 笔记本 Chinese book 语文书 English book 英语书 math book 数学书
二十二、家具家电类 :
mirror 镜子 end table 床头柜 closet衣柜 curtain窗帘 bed床 trash bin垃圾桶 window窗户 table 桌子 phone 电话 sofa沙发 door门 floor地板 wall 墙 shelf 书架 fridge 冰箱 TV 电视 air-conditioner 空调
二十三、称呼类:
family家庭 fatherdad父亲 mothermom母亲 brother兄弟 sister姐妹 uncle叔叔 friend 朋友 grandparents(外)祖父母 grandfathergrandpa 爷爷 grandmothergrandma 奶奶
aunt阿姨 parents父母 baby婴儿 son 儿子 boy 男孩 girl女孩
二十四、描述人物的形容词 adj.:
strong强壮的 thin 瘦的 tall高的
short短的、矮的 big大的 smart聪明的
small小的 long长的 young年轻的
old老的 active积极的 heavy重的
cool酷的 kind和蔼可亲的 strict严格的 quiet文静的 funny滑稽的 
二十五、星期类week:
Monday( Mon.)星期一 Tuesday(Tue.)星期二Wednesday(Wed.)星期三 Thursday(Thu.)星期四 Friday(Fri.)星期五 Saturday(Sat.)星期六 Sunday(Sun.)星期天 weekend 周末
二十六、月份类 month: 
January(Jan.)一月 February(Feb.)二月 March(Mar.)三月 April(Apr.)四月 May五月 June六月 July七月 August(Aug.)八月 September(Sept.)九月 October(Oct.)十月 November(Nov.)十一月 December(Dec.)十二月
二十七、季节类seasons:
spring春天 summer夏天 fall 秋天 winter冬天
二十八、自然事物类:
forest森林 cloud云 vapour水蒸气 stream小溪 river河流 sea海洋 grass小草 mountain山脉 lake湖泊 sky天空 tree树 bridge桥 flower花 sun太阳 moon月亮 star 星星 rainbow 彩虹 air 空气 path 小路 road 路
二十九、爱好类hobby:
collecting leaves收集树叶 reading a book看书 collecting stamps集邮 riding a bike骑自行车 making kites制作风筝 diving跳水 swimming游泳 listening to music听音乐playing the violin拉小提琴 taking pictures照相
三十、国家和城市 countries and cities:
China PRC中国 AmericaUSA 美国 UK 联合王国 England 英国 CanandaCAN 加拿大Australia 澳大利亚 New York 纽约 London 伦敦
三十一、患病 illness
have a fever 发烧 hurt 疼痛 have a cold 感冒 have a toothache 牙疼 have a headache 头疼 have a sore throat 喉咙疼
三十二、形容词
clead干净的 tired 疲劳的 excited 兴奋的 angry 生气的 happy 高兴的 bored 无聊的sad忧愁的 good 好的 fine 好的 great 非常的 new 新的 fat 胖的 right 正确的 hungry 饥饿的 little 小的 lovely 可爱的 beautiful 漂亮的 colourful 色彩鲜艳的 Pretty 漂亮的 cheap 便宜的 expensive 昂贵的 healthy 健康的 ill 有病的 helpful 有帮助的 high 高的 easy 简单的 proud 骄傲的 sick 有病的
三十三、动词短语
do homework做作业 do housework做家务 watch TV看电视 read books读书 cook the meals做饭 water the flowers浇花 sweep the floor扫地 clean the bedroom打扫卧室 make the bed铺床 set the table摆饭桌 wash the clothes洗衣服 do the dishes洗碗碟 use a computer使用计算机 do morning exercises晨练;做广播操 eat breakfast吃早饭 eat dinner吃晚饭 go to school上学 have English class上英语课 play sports进行体育运动 get up起床 climb mountains爬山 go shopping买东西 play the piano弹钢琴 visit grandparents看望(外)祖父母 go hiking去远足 fly kites放风筝 make a snowman堆雪人 plant trees种树 draw pictures画画 cook dinner做饭 read a book看书 answer the phone接电话 listen to music听音乐 clean the room打扫房间 write a letter写信 write an e-mail写电子邮件 drink water喝水 take pictures照相 watch insects观察昆虫 pick up leaves采摘树叶 do an experiment做实验 catch butterflies捉蝴蝶 count insects数昆虫 collect insects收集昆虫 collect leaves收集树叶 write a report写报告 play chess下棋 have a picnic举行野餐 get to到达 ride a bike骑自行车 play the violin拉小提琴 make kites制作风筝 collect stamps集邮 wake up醒来 put on穿上 take off脱掉 hang up挂起穿 go home回家 go to bed上床睡觉 play computer games玩电脑游戏 play chess下棋 empty the trash倒垃圾 put away the clothes收拾衣服 get off下车 take a trip去旅行 read a magazine读杂志 go to the cinema去看电影 go straight向前直走
三十四、节日 Festival:
New Year’s Day 新年 January 1st
the Spring Festival 春节 农历正月初一
Lantern Festival 元宵节 农历正月十五
Valentine's Day 情人节 February 14th
Women's Day 妇女节 March 8th
Tree-planting Day 植树节 March 12th
Easter Monday 复活节(有可能是3月22-4月25日间的任一天)
April Fools' Day 愚人节 April 1st
Tomb-sweeping Festival 清明节 April 5th
International Labor Day 劳动节 May 1st
Chinese Youth Day 中国青年节 May 4th
Mother's Day 母亲节 5月第二个星期日
Dragon Boat Festival 端午节 农历五月五日
Children's Day 儿童节 June 1st
Father's Day 父亲节 6月第三个星期日
Double-Seventh Day 中国情人节 农历七月初七乞巧节
Army Day 建军节 August 1st
Mid-autumn Day/ the Moon Festival 中秋节 农历八月十五
Teachers' Day 教师节 September 10th
Double-ninth Day 重阳节 农历九月九日
National Day 国庆节 October 1st
Halloween 万圣节 October 31st
Thanksgiving Day 感恩节10月的第二个星斯一加拿大/11月最后一个星期四美国
Christmas Day 圣诞节 December 25th
25. Independence Day 美国独立日 July 4th
Part2--易错点
1. a, an的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a.
2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.
3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物.单数用has , 复数用have. 第一人称单数的I 与第二人称单数的you 用 have .
4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人.
单数用there is , 复数用there are.
5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any.
6. 疑问词的选择:
who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么) what(什么) when(什么时候) which(哪一个) how old (多大) how many (多少) how much(多少钱)
Part3--形容词比较级
  当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是:
  主语+ 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:
  I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)
  An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)
  形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:
  ① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
  ② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine - finer ,
  ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier
  ④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big - bigger, thin - thinner ,hot - hotter
  ☆注意☆ 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西.
  典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.)
  比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性.
应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
Part4--小学英语时态小结
现在进行时:用在叙述某人正在做某事的时候。(某动作正在进行)
其结构是“be动词+(动词+ing)”,句中可能会有look,listen,now或一个相当具体的时间。
动词加“ing”(现在分词)的变化规则:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有: run-running , swim-swimming , sit-sitting , swim—swimming、put—putting、get—getting、shop—shopping
What is Mary doing? She’s shopping.
Is Betty swimming now? No, she isn’t. She’s running.
It’s seven thirty in the evening. We’re having dinner at home.
一般现在时:用来叙述经常性发生的事情、习惯和爱好等,时间词有sometimesoftenusuallyevery morning(afternoon,evening,day,week,year)on Monday等(注意此时要先弄清叙述的人或事物是否第三人称单数。即he 、she 、it)
如果叙述的人或事物是第三人称单数行为动词要加上s或es,其变化规则和名词的复数形式变化规则一样。
John likes going hiking.
Mary often gets up at seven o’clock.
Mr li cooks supper every evening.
How does he go to school?----He goes to school on foot.
Does he go to school on Saturday?
---Yes, he does.(第三人称单数一般疑问句句前是does,句中的动词要用原形。)
动词第三人称单数变化规则:
1)直接在动词后面加“s”。
2)以“s、x、sh、ch”结尾的单词,在动词后面加“es”。
wash---washes watch---watches bus-buses
box-boxes
3)以“辅音+y”结尾的单词,把y改i再加es。
carry---carries study---studies fly---flies
4)go 和do 的第三人称单数是goes 和does
2、叙述的人或事物不是第三人称单数行为动词要用原形。
1.)I usually go to school on foot.
2.)We play football every Sunday afternoon.
3.)What do they do on Sundays?
---They play chess.
三、一般将来时:叙述将要发生的事情或打算。时间词有:tomorrow, tonight, next Monday(Tuesday…), next week(month, year…) ,this morning(afternoon…)
结构是be going to+动词原形。如果所接的动词原形刚好是go或come,可把to go 和to come 去掉。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
---I am going to visit my grandparents.
Are they going to sweep the floor tonight?
---Yes, they are.
3.)Where is Sarah going (to go) next week?
---She’s going (to go) the park.
四、过去时:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状态连用, 如yesterday, last weekend, last Sunday 等. 也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作, 常和often, always表示频率的时间连用.
肯定句: I visited my grandparents last weekend.
I usually played with my friends last year.
I was busy last weekend.
They were sad yesterday.
否定句: I didn’t visit my grandparents last weekend.
I wasn’t busy last weekend.
They were not sad yesterday.
一般疑问句: Did you visit you grandparents last weekend?
Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
Were you busy last weekend?
Yes, I was. / No, I didn’t.
Yes, we were. / No, we weren’t.
特殊疑问句: What did you do yesterday?
I played football.
Where did Mike go last weekend?
He went to the library.
How did you go there?
I went by bus.
Where were you yesterday? I was at home.
动词的过去式的构成规则有:
  A,规则动词
  ① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
  ② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
  ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study - studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
  ④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B,不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing - sang , eat - ate , see - saw , have - had , do - did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was , are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt
Part5--人称代词与物主代词
一、人称代词
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
二、物主代词
? ? ? ? ? 数 ? ? ? ? 人称 类别
单数
复数
第一
人称
第二
人称
第三
人称
第一
人称
第二人称
第三
人称
形容词性物主代词
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
汉语
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他(她、它)们的
Part6--句型专项归类
肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,
如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
  There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
2,否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,
如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.
  He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00.
I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.
  ☆注意☆ 小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 "not".有动词be的句子则"not"加在be后面,可缩写成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分开写.没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它们缩写在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" .
  3,一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用"yes",或"no"来回答.
如: (1) Are you a student?
Yes, I am / No, I'm not.
  (2) Is she a doctor?
Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
(3) Does he work in a hospital?
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
(4) Are there four fans in our classroom ?
Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
(5) Are you going to buy a comic book tonight?
Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.)
(6) Are they swimming?
Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
(7)Did you watch TV yesterday evening?
Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
  ☆注意☆ 小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,
  ①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
  ②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
  这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" .一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的.
  4,特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"来回答.如:
  What is this? It's a computer.
  What does he do? He's a doctor.
  Where are you going? I'm going to Beijing.
  Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.
  Which season do you like best? Summer.
  When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.
  Whose skirt is this? It's Amy's.
  Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.
  How are you? I'm fine. / I'm happy.
  How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.
  ☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)
例句: (1)How many pencils do you have?
I have three pencils.
(2)How many girls can you see?
I can see four girls.
(3)How many desks are there in your classroom?
There are 51.
  ☆小结:how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,
  How many + 名词复数 + do you have 你有多少……
  How many + 名词复数 + can you see 你能看见多少……
  How many + 名词复数 + are there… 有多少……
Part7--完全,缩略形式:
I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they are you're=you are there's=there is they're=they are can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does not isn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=was not
总结:通常情况下,'m即am,'s即is(但 let's=let us), 're即are ,n't即not (但can't=can not)
Part8--名词单复数、名词所有格
【名词单复数】
1.一般情况,直接加-s,
如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese,
不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
【名词的格】
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes
并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:?
Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s?
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
Part9--冠词
不定冠词:a / an
元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an actor / an actress / an end table/ an elephant/ an umbrella/ an ice-cream
an e-mail / an address / an interesting book / an
exciting sport / an art lesson
(2)定冠词:the
定冠词的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
(2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠词的情况:
(1)专有名词前:China is a big country.
(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球类 棋类运动前:
They often play football after class.
He plays chess at home.
* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.
(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.
(9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
Part10--反义词或对应词
small小的 ?big大的 long长的 –? short短的
tall高的 – short矮的? fat胖的 – thin瘦的
strong强壮的 –thin瘦小的 strict严格的 – kind和蔼的
beautiful美丽的 – ugly丑陋的 active活跃的 –quiet文静 的
sweet甜的 – salty咸的 young年轻的 – old年老的
new 新的 –?old旧的 happy高兴的 – angry生气的 hungry饥饿的 – full饱的 white白色的 – black黑色
hot热的 – cold冷的 warm暖的 – cool凉的
sunny晴朗的 – rainy下雨的cheap便宜的 – expensive昂贵的 boy男孩 – girl女孩 woman妇女 – man男人
mother母亲 – father父亲 grandma 奶奶 – grandpa爷爷grandfather爷爷 – grandmother奶奶
mom妈妈 – dad爸爸sister姐妹 – brother兄弟 teacher教师 – student学生 she她 – he他
Miss小姐 – Mr先生 my 我的 – your你的
we我们 – you你们 spring春天 – fall秋天
winter冬天 – summer夏天 west西 – east东 north北 – south南 far远 – near近的
right右 – left左
up在….上面?-under在….下面
above在….上面 – below在下面
in front of 在….前面 – behind在….后面
morning早上 –afternoon下午 a.m. 早上– p.m. 下午
today 今天 tomorrow明天 often经常 sometimes有时
turn on 开 – turn off 关 open 开 – close关
go去 – back回来 stop停止–go走
start开始 – over结束 breakfast早饭 – dinner(supper)晚饭
this这是 –that那是 thanks谢谢 – sorry对不起 yes是 – no不
Part11--PEP人教小学英语教材四会句型汇总
一、一般疑问句
1. --- Did you read books? 你读书了吗?
--- Yes, I did.是的,我读过了。/ No, I didn't. 不,我没有读过。
2. --- Is she quiet? 她文静吗?
--- No, she isn't. She's very active. 不,她不。她很活跃。
--- Is she strict? 她严格吗?
--- Yes, she is, but she's very kind. 是的,她是,但是她很和蔼。
3. --- Is this a teacher's desk? 这是一张讲台桌吗?
Is it cold? 冷吗?/ Is her birthday in June? 她的生日在六月吗?/ Is this your T-shirt? 这是你的T恤衫吗?
--- Yes, it is. 是的。/ No, it isn't. (No, it's not.) 不,不是的。
4. --- Can you make the bed? 你会铺床吗?
Can you use a computer? 你会使用电脑吗?
--- Yes, I can. 是的,我会。/ No, I can't. 不,我不会。
5. --- Are they ducks? 它们是鸭子吗?
Are they eating the honey? 它们吃蜂蜜吗?
--- Yes, they are. 是的,它们是。/ No, they aren't. 不,它们不是。
6. --- Is there a forest in the park? 公园里有一个森林吗?
Is there a river? 那里有条河吗?
--- Yes, there is. 是的,那里有。
No, there aren't. 不,那里没有。
7. --- Are there any pandas in the mountains? 山里有一些熊猫吗?
Are there any fish in the rivers? 河里有一些鱼吗?
--- Yes, there are. 是的,那里有。
No, there aren't. 不,那里没有。
8. --- Are you eating lunch? 你(们)正在吃午餐吗?
--- Yes, I am. (Yes, we are.) 是的,我正在吃。
(是的,我们正在吃。)
No, I am not. (No, we aren't.) 不,我没有在吃。(不,我们没有在吃。)
9. --- Is he playing chess? 他正在下棋吗?
--- Yes, he is. 是的,他是。/ No, he isn't. 不,他没有。
10. --- Is she counting insects? 她正在数昆虫吗?
--- Yes, she is. 是的,她是。/ No, she isn't. 不,她没有。
11. --- Does she / he teach English? 她(他)教英语吗?
--- Yes, she / he does. 是的,她(他)是。
No, she / he doesn't. 不,她(他)不是。
二、谈论时间
1. --- What time is it? 几点钟?
--- It's two o'clock. 两点钟。
It's 9: 45. It's time for math class. 九点四十五。是上数学课的时间了。
2. --- What day is it today? 今天星期几?
--- It's Wednesday. 星期三。
3. --- When do you eat dinner? 你几点吃晚餐?
--- I eat dinner at 7: 00 in the evening. 我晚上7点钟吃晚餐。
4. --- When do you get up? 你几点起床?
--- I usually get up at 12: 00 noon. 我一般中午12点钟起床。
5. --- When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候?
--- It's in May. 在五月。/ My birthday is in June. 我的生日在六月。
Uncle Bill's birthday is in June, too. 比尔叔叔的生日也在六月。
6. --- What's the date? 几月几日?
--- It’s June 9th. 六月九日。
三、谈论颜色
1. --- What colour is it? 什么颜色?
--- It's white. 白色。
四、谈论地点
1. --- Where are you going this afternoon? 下午你打算去哪?
--- I'm going to the bookstore. 我打算去书店。??
2. Where did you go on your holiday? 假期你去哪了?
--- I went to Xinjiang. 我去了新疆。
3. --- Where does she work? 她在哪工作?
--- She works in a hospital. 她在医院工作。
--- Where does the rain come from? 雨从哪来?
--- It comes from the clouds. 它从云里来。
5. --- Where is the cinema, please? 请问电影院在哪?
--- It's next to the hospital. 在医院旁边。
Turn left at the cinema, then go straight.
It's on the left. 在电影那左转,然后直走。它在你的左边。
6. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.
那有两个卧室,一个厨房,一个卫生间和一个客厅。??
There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.
那有一面镜子,一张床和一个大衣柜。
The closet is near the table. 衣柜在桌子的附近。
Many clothes are in the closet.? 很多的衣服在衣柜里。
? The trash bin is behind the door. 垃圾桶在门后。
五、谈论价格
1. --- How much is it? 这个多少钱?
--- It's ten yuan. 十元。
2. --- How much are they? 它们多少钱?
--- They're three yuan. 它们三元。
六、谈论数量
1. --- How many horses are there? 那有多少匹马?
--- Twelve. 十二匹。
七、谈论人物
1. --- Who's your English teacher? 你的英语老师是谁?
--- Mr Carter. 卡特先生。
2. --- What's he like? 他长什么样?
--- He's tall and strong. 他又高又强壮。
3. How old are you? 你几岁?
I’m twelve. 我12岁。
八、谈论喜好
1. --- What's your favourite fruit? www.rr365.com你最喜欢的水果是什么?
--- I like apples. They're sweet.? 我喜欢苹果。它们很甜。 I like fruit. But I don't like grapes.
They're sour. 我喜欢水果。但我不喜欢葡萄。它们很酸。
2. --- Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节?
--- I like winter best. 我最喜欢冬天。
Summer is good, but fall is my favourite season.?
夏天很好,但秋天是我最喜欢的季节。
3. --- Why do you like summer? 你为什么喜欢夏天?
--- Because I can swim in the lake. 因为我可以在湖里游泳。
--- Why do you like winter? 你为什么喜欢冬天?
--- Because I can sleep a long time. 因为我可以睡很长的时间。
4. --- What's your hobby? 你的爱好是什么?
--- I like collecting stamps. 我喜欢收集邮票。
He likes collecting stamps, too. 他也喜欢收集邮票。
九、谈论事情
1. This is my computer. 这是我的电脑。
That is your computer. 那是你的电脑。
2. Let's play football. 让我们踢足球吧。
3. This is Zhang Peng. 这是张鹏。
4. --- What did you do last weekend? 你上个周末做了什么?
--- I played football. 我踢了足球。
5. --- What are you going to buy? 你打算去买什么?
--- I am going to buy a comic book. 我打算去买一本漫画书。
6. --- What are you going to do on the weekend? 周末你打算去做什么???
-I'm going to visit my grandparents this weekend.
这个周末我打算去拜访我的祖父母。
7. --- What are they doing? 他们在做什么?
--- They're swimming. 他们在游泳。
They are climbing trees. 他们在爬树。
8. --- What is it doing? 它在做什么?
--- It's eating bananas.它正在吃香蕉。
9. --- What is she doing? 她在做什么?
--- She's jumping.她在跳。
10. --- What are you doing? 你正在做什么?
--- I'm doing the dishes. 我正在洗碗。
I'm reading a book. 我正在读书。
11. Grandpa is writing letter. 爷爷正在写信。
Brother is doing homework. 兄弟正在做作业。
Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen. 妈妈正厨房里烧饭。
He's writing an e-mail in the study. 他正在书房里写一封电子邮件。
12. --- What do you do on the weekend? 你周末做什么?
--- Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 一般我看电视和去购物。
Sometimes I visit my grandparents. 有时候我去拜访我的祖父母。
I often play football. 我经常去踢足球。
Sometimes I go hiking. 有时候我去远足。
13. - What do you have on Thursdays? 星期四你们有什么课?
-We have English, math and science on Thursdays.
星期四我们有英语,数学和科学课。
14. - What do you do on Saturdays? 星期六你做什么?
--- I watch TV on Saturdays. 星期六我看电视。
15. --- What about you? 你呢?
--- I do my homework, too. 我也做我的家庭作业。
16. --- What do you have for lunch on Mondays? 星期一你中餐吃什么?
--- We have tomatoes, tofu and fish. 我们吃西红柿,豆腐和鱼。
17. --- What can you do? 你能做什么?
--- I can sweep the floor. 我会扫地。
I can cook the meals. 我会做饭。
I can water the flowers. 我会浇花。
十、谈论方式
1. --- How do you go to school, Sarah?
萨拉,你怎么去学校?
--- Usually I go to school on foot. 一般我走路去学校。
Sometimes I go by bike. 有时候我骑自行车。
2. --- How can I get to Zhongshan Park? 我怎么去中山公园?
--- You can go by the No. 15 bus. 你可以坐15路公共汽车。
3. --- How did you go there? 你怎么去那?
--- I went by train. 我坐火车去。
4. --- How do you do that? 你怎么做那件事?
--- First, I .... Then I .... 首先,我……。然后我……。
5. What should you do then? 然后你怎么做?
6. --- How does she go to work? 她怎么去工作?
--- She goes to work by bus. 她坐公共汽车去工作。
十一、谈论心情,身体状况
1. How are you, Liu Yun?? 刘云,你怎么样?
You look so happy. 你看起来很开心。
2. How are you, Sarah? 萨拉,你怎么样?
You look sad today. 今天你看起来很伤心。
3. --- What's the matter? 怎么了?
--- My throat is sore. My nose hurts. 我的喉咙痛。我的鼻子痛。
十二、谈论体重、身高
1. --- How heavy are you? 你多少重?
--- I'm 48 kg. 我48公斤。
--- I'm thinner than you, and shorter. 我比你瘦和矮。
2. --- How tall are you? 你多高?
--- I'm 164 cm tall. 我164厘米高。
--- You're shorter than me. 你比我矮。
You're 4 cm taller than me. 你比我高四厘米。
十三、谈论职业
1. --- What does your mother do? 你妈妈做什么的?
--- She is a TV reporter. 她是一个电视台记者。
十四、谈论天气
1. It's warm today. 今天很暖和。
2. It's cool. 今天很凉爽。