2018年高考英语真题分类汇编专题10：记叙文类阅读理解（解析版）

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2018年高考英语真题分类汇编
专题10：记叙文类阅读理解
1.（2018 卷Ⅲ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
B
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.
（1）What attracted the early settlers to New York City
A. Its business culture. B. Its small population.
C. Its geographical position. D. Its favourable climate.
（2）What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson
A. Two-thirds of them stayed there. B. One out of five people got rich.
C. Almost everyone gave up. D. Half of them died.
（3）What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson
A. They found the city too crowded. B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable to stand the winter. D. They were short of food.
（4）What is the text mainly about
A. The rise and fall of a city. B. The gold rush in Canada.
C. Journeys into the wilderness. D. Tourism in Dawson.
【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）B（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文讲述加拿大城市Dawson兴衰的过程。通常一个城市因为它的优越的地理位置而变得越来越繁荣，像纽约，伦敦等，但是也有一些城市能在一夜之间变得拥挤不堪，像加拿大的Dawson，因为金子的发现吸引了上万人来到这里，但是随着金子资源的枯竭人们相继离开了这里，使得这里又变成了一个只有几百人的荒凉之地。
（1）细节理解。由题目中的New York City可以在文章的第一段第二、三句定位：人们在这些地方定居是因为这些地方容易到达，并合适交流和贸易，纽约就是因为在哈德逊河口的一个大海港附近，所以吸引人们去纽约定居的原因是它的地理位置，故答案为C。
（2）细节理解。根据题目中的first dug for gold in Dawson可知答案在第二段最后Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich，可知在第一批挖金子的2万人中有4千人变富了，也就是五分之一的人致富，故答案为B。
（3）细节理解。人们离开Dawson的原因，通过leave在最后一段第四句后半部分 when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come可知人们离开Dawson的原因是听说阿拉斯加有金子，他们要去哪里碰碰运气，故答案为B。
（4）主旨大意。本文首先提到城市兴起的普遍原因，然后话锋一转，在第一段用了But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time，在接下来的文字中讲述加拿大城市Dawson的兴衰过程，可知本文主要是谈论城市的兴衰，故答案为A。
【点评】这是一篇记叙文，通过对Dawson的兴衰历程的描写来说明地理位置对于城市的发展是至关重要的。答题时要善于利用题目中的关键词在文章中定位，从而找到符合问题的答案。
2.（2018 北京）阅读理解
A
My First Marathon（马拉松）
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂.
The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂ stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂.
（1）A month before the marathon, the author ____________.
A. was well trained B. felt scared
C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope
（2）Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year
A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C. To show he was not talented in sports. D. To share a precious memory.
（3）How was the author's first marathon
A. He made it. B. He quit halfway.
C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end.
（4）What does the story mainly tell us
A. A man owes his success to his family support. B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C. Failure is the mother of success. D. One is never too old to learn.
【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，作者在参加马拉松前一个月受了伤，训练时间不足，且在初一时就被体育老师说没有运动天赋，但是30多岁的他依然坚持跑完马拉松，突破自我，挑战不可能。
⑴细节理解。根据题干中的a month before the marathon可知答案在第一段，由最后一句Yet, I was determined to go ahead可知作者决定参加比赛，故答案为C。
⑷主旨大意。这是一篇记叙文，在最后一段点题：Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂可知，作者是一个意志坚定，通过不懈努力，最终获得了成功的胜利者，故答案为B。
【点评】本文属于励志的故事类阅读，阅读时要通读文章，弄清文章的主旨大意。答题时注意问题中的关键词在文章中的准确定位，根据关键词定位并查找信息，切忌凭感觉做题。
3.（2018 天津）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
B
When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to tum it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address ""No, but I'll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. "
"Oh, stop. There it is!"
The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.
"May I help you " a man asked. "No," I said. "We're fine." Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where do you think you are " he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay Art Museum!" He smiled, shaking his head. "Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street." "What's this place " I asked, still confused. "Well, it's our home." My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out, "Sally! Come down immediately! "
"There's some really good stuff(艺术作品）up there."She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place." Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.
The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.
Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum "
"Yes. But how do you know We never told anyone. "
"That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I've always wanted to thank you."
（1）What do we know about Marian McNay
A. She was a painter. B. She was a community leader.
C. She was a museum director. D. She was a journalist.
（2）Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house
A. She disliked people who were nosy. B. She felt nervous when talking to strangers.
C. She knew more about art than the man. D. She mistook him for a tour guide.
（3）How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall
A. Puzzled. B. Concerned.
C. Frightened. D. Delighted.
（4）Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words
A. The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.
B. She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.
C. The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.
D. The event happening in the house was more significant.
（5）What could we learn from the last paragraph
A. People should have good taste to enjoy life. B. People should spend more time with their family.
C. People tend to be blind to the beauty around them. D. People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.
【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）A（4）D（5）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者和朋友原想参观McNay博物馆，却误将一个私人住宅当成McNay博物馆。30年后，一位女士认出误撞入自己住宅的作者，指出正是因为作者的误撞入才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽。
⑴考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.”可知，Marian McNay是一名水彩画家。故选A。
⑵考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“‘May I help you ’ a man asked. ‘No’ I said. ‘We're fine.’ Tour guides got on my nerves.”可知，导游令作者心烦，作者误认为屋子里的男人是位导游。故选D。
⑶考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem ”大厅的人看起来都非常爱窥探的，眼睛不停的好奇的看着我。他们有什么问题？，可以推断出，作者当时感到困惑不解。故选A。
⑷考查推理判断。根据全文可知，作者主要在叙述参观误当成McNay博物馆的私人住宅上，这才是文章的重心，所以将真正的McNay博物馆叙述一带而过。故选D。
⑸考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.”可知，在作者未造访她家之前，这位女士从未意识到自己住的地方多么美丽，从而可以推断出，人们往往对周围的美而不见。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
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