高中英语人教版（新课程标准)必修4 Unit4 Body language Learning about language课件(46张PPT)
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| 名称 | 高中英语人教版（新课程标准)必修4 Unit4 Body language Learning about language课件(46张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2018-07-18 11:37:35 | ||
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课件46张PPT。必修四 Unit 2---Unit 4 语法详解 动名词和现在分词用法解析 V-ing一、V-ing 形式概念
(1) V-ing 形式包括两种:
①动名词：
具有名词特征，在句子中可作主语，宾语，
表语，定语等。
② 现在分词:
具有形容词和副词特征,在句子中可作
定语、状语、表语、宾补Speaking in the public , he will surely be
very cheerful .
（现在分词短语，作状语）
他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。
She hates speaking in the public.
（动名词短语，作宾语）
她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。Feeling the lesson boring, the students
are sleepy.
There are many sleeping students in class.
Seeing is believing.
I suggest going shopping tomorrow.
The lesson is boring.
现在分词短语，作状语动名词短语，作主语&表语动名词短语，作宾语现在分词短语，作表语现在分词短语，作定语现在分词短语，作定语(2) 动词ing时态及否定形式 ? V-ing一般式表示这个动作正在进行或与
谓语表示的动作同时发生。
Eg:
They went out of the classroom, talking
and laughing.
The large building being built is a library.
? Ving完成式: 强调这个的动作在谓语动词
所表示的动作之前完成。
Eg:
Having lived in this city for three years,
she knows it very well.
Eg:
Having been shown the lab, we were
taken to see the library.
? 动词ing的否定形式在ing的前面加not 或
never的否定副词
Not knowing how to find the subway, I
asked a policeman for help.
Never have been to Beijjing before, she
felt at a loss where to go.
Grammar动词-ing形式作主语和宾语一、功能及用法(作主语)1．作主语.
动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：
①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。
1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的.
_______________________ is something we should never do．
2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。
____________________ is very important for me．
3)说比做容易。
___________ is easier than doing.Playing tricks on othersLearning new wordsTalking②用形式主语it，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制,作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。如：
1) It’s worth making the effort．
__________________________________
2) 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。
_______________________________ with Shylock．
3)想再解释一次有好处吗?
__________________________________________________
4)跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。
__________________________________________________It is useless arguingIs it any good explaining again?It is pleasant working with you together． 这事值得努力去做。 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：
It +be +a waste of time doing
做……是浪费时间的
It is/was no good/use doing
做……是没用处的
It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing
做……不值得
It is/was worth/worthwhile doing
做……是值得的
③在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do… ” 如：
1) There is no hiding of evil but not to do it．
___________________________________
2)这种事开不得玩笑。
There is ________________ about such matter.
3)无法知道他什么时候离开。
There was _____________ when he would leave. no jokingno knowing若要人不知，除非己莫为。常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：
There is no doing
无法……， 不允许……
There is no sense in doing
做……没有道理
There is/was no use doing
干……无意义
There is/was nothing worse than doing
没有比……更糟的
There is/was no point doing
干……无意义动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：
动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，
不定式则通常表示具体的动作。如：我喜欢看书，但是我现在想看电影。
I like_________，but now I like___________________ .readingto see a film1)还是个孩子的时侯，她就觉得探视病人是一种责任，也是一种愉悦。
As a child，she felt that _________________ was a duty and a pleasure．
2)到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。
____________ in an American home will be a good experience for me. visiting sick peopleTo be a guest3) 一直不做就是作恶。
___________________is doing ill．
4)他说：“继续这样下去是无用的。”
He said，“__________ like this is no use．”
5)我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。
It’s an honor for me ________ invited to the party．在实际运用中，一般两者可以互换，差异不大，但下列情况不能互换．Doing nothingTo go onto beThere was no knowing where we would go.
There is no point doing such a silly thing.注意：There is no need to do sth 干……没必要,
在此句式中to do 不可换为doing..
没有必要告诉她。
_______________________________________而在It’s important … / It’s necessary … / It’s advisable … / It’s essential … / It’s fitting … 这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：
It’s important to learn foreign languages.
It’s quite necessary to read it many times.There is no need to tell her.我们不知道要去哪儿。做这件傻事毫无意义。 动名词作宾语有两种情况。
一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；
二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式
作宾语。
①只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有
avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，
suggest，dislike，delay，escape，
cannot help，imagine，mind, miss, practise，
cannot stand, excuse, fancy, give up, put off,
risk等。如：
1)我不能不去。I can’t avoid ________．
2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友? Have you
considered __________ one special friend? 二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)looking forgoing3)我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。
We must try to _______________ the same mistake．
4)晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?
Do you ______________________ with me after supper?
5)人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。
People _______________________________
foolish man． avoid repeatingfeel like having a walkcouldn’t help laughing at that②既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。
A．在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，
用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点
有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具
体的一次性动作。
B．在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不
定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。
C．在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动
名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语
发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：
我记得我已把信寄了。
______________________________________________
2) 我会记着去寄信的。
______________________________________________
3) I shall never forget seeing the famous writer．
_____________________________________________
4)Don’t forget to write to your mother．
____________________________________________
5) 我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。
___________________________________________
6) 我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。
____________________________________________我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。 不要忘了给你母亲写信。I regret missing the report．I regret to say I can’t accept your advice．I remember posting the letter．I’ll remember to post the letter．D．在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do (设法)，try doing (试试)，mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着)。如：
1)We must try to get everything done in time．
_____________________________________________
2)我们用别的方法做这工作试试。
_______________________________________________．
3) I didn’t mean to make you angry．
_________________________________________________
4) Your plan would mean spending hours．
_________________________________________________我并不想让你生气。你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。 我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。 Let’s try doing the work in some other wayE· go on doing 和go on to do
go on doing继续做一直在做的事；
go on to do接着做另一件事。如：
1) 请接着做这同一个练习。
________________________ the same exercise．
2) 请做另外一个练习。
________________________ the other exercise．
F．stop doing与stop to do: Stop doing停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：
我们停止了交谈。_____________________________
我们停了下来去谈话。________________________
Please go on doingPlease go on to doWe stopped talking．We stopped to talk．
G.注意:
当 need, want, require, worth后面接doing也可以表示被动。
Your hair wants cutting.
The floor requires washing.
This task is worth doing.
你的头发该理了。 地板需要冲洗这任务值得一做▲动词need, require, want意为“需要”时，
后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作
宾语，意义_____区别。如：
The window needs／requires／
wants cleaning／to be cleaned． 没有3．作介词宾语.动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。
A．介词+动名词，如：
1) 我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。
We’ve got to think of ways of __________ people’s habits.
2)我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。
I apologize for ____________ so angry with you.
3)离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方，感觉有点怪。
__________ away for several years，it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought up． beingAfter beingchanging B．动词+介词+动名词，如：
1)我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。
I insist on ______proper food fort this expedition．
2)同学们脸上没有笑容，相反都做了怪脸。
_________________，each of them made a face．
她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。
She was very ________________________ for our company．
下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或
-ing形式：devote to，object to, pay attention to，get down to，lead to, look forward to，stick to，be used to等 Instead of smiling interested in workingtaking1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _______ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repairedExercise2. Have you forgotten ___$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember ____ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring
C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing3. The classroom wants _____. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning
4. Jack said that he wouldn't mind __ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited5. My brother keeps ___ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped
6. We should often practise ___ English with each other.
A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking7. Keep on ____ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying
8. His parents insist on ___ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go9. The story was so funny that we ___. A. couldn’t help laugh B. can’t but laugh C. couldn’t help laughing D. couldn’t help but to laugh10. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂贵), it is worth ______. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it
11. He devoted his life to _____ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied12. We are both looking forward to __ next week. A. going on vocation
B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation13. You must pay attention to ___ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read
14. You should work tonight instead of _____ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching15. The microscope is used for__ minute (微小的) objects. A. examining B. being examined C. examined D. examine
16. Mike has got used ___ up late at night. (stay up) A. to sit B. X C. to staying D. sitting17. Once the heart stops _____, death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating
18. We are now busy _____ for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared19. I remembered ____ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see
20. I regret ____ that to her. A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. X21. The patient must be separated to avoid (避免) ____ others. A. being infected(感染) B. infecting C. to infect D. infected
22.Your clothes need ______. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed23. _____ provides us with essential nutrients (营养), while ______ provides us with oxygen. A. To eat; breathing B. Eating; to breathe C. Eating; breathing D. Eaten; breathed24. He attended the party without___. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited
25. By ____, water can be changed into gas.
A. heating B. being heated C. having heated D. heated26. On land many objects prevent sound _____ very far. A. to travel B. travel C. from travelling D. to travelling
2７. Remember__ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back
2８. Writing stories and articles__ what I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. was D. were ２９. He was afraid ___for being late.
A. of seeing B. of being seen
C. to be seen D. to have seen
(1) V-ing 形式包括两种:
①动名词：
具有名词特征，在句子中可作主语，宾语，
表语，定语等。
② 现在分词:
具有形容词和副词特征,在句子中可作
定语、状语、表语、宾补Speaking in the public , he will surely be
very cheerful .
（现在分词短语，作状语）
他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。
She hates speaking in the public.
（动名词短语，作宾语）
她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。Feeling the lesson boring, the students
are sleepy.
There are many sleeping students in class.
Seeing is believing.
I suggest going shopping tomorrow.
The lesson is boring.
现在分词短语，作状语动名词短语，作主语&表语动名词短语，作宾语现在分词短语，作表语现在分词短语，作定语现在分词短语，作定语(2) 动词ing时态及否定形式 ? V-ing一般式表示这个动作正在进行或与
谓语表示的动作同时发生。
Eg:
They went out of the classroom, talking
and laughing.
The large building being built is a library.
? Ving完成式: 强调这个的动作在谓语动词
所表示的动作之前完成。
Eg:
Having lived in this city for three years,
she knows it very well.
Eg:
Having been shown the lab, we were
taken to see the library.
? 动词ing的否定形式在ing的前面加not 或
never的否定副词
Not knowing how to find the subway, I
asked a policeman for help.
Never have been to Beijjing before, she
felt at a loss where to go.
Grammar动词-ing形式作主语和宾语一、功能及用法(作主语)1．作主语.
动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：
①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。
1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的.
_______________________ is something we should never do．
2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。
____________________ is very important for me．
3)说比做容易。
___________ is easier than doing.Playing tricks on othersLearning new wordsTalking②用形式主语it，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制,作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。如：
1) It’s worth making the effort．
__________________________________
2) 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。
_______________________________ with Shylock．
3)想再解释一次有好处吗?
__________________________________________________
4)跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。
__________________________________________________It is useless arguingIs it any good explaining again?It is pleasant working with you together． 这事值得努力去做。 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：
It +be +a waste of time doing
做……是浪费时间的
It is/was no good/use doing
做……是没用处的
It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing
做……不值得
It is/was worth/worthwhile doing
做……是值得的
③在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do… ” 如：
1) There is no hiding of evil but not to do it．
___________________________________
2)这种事开不得玩笑。
There is ________________ about such matter.
3)无法知道他什么时候离开。
There was _____________ when he would leave. no jokingno knowing若要人不知，除非己莫为。常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：
There is no doing
无法……， 不允许……
There is no sense in doing
做……没有道理
There is/was no use doing
干……无意义
There is/was nothing worse than doing
没有比……更糟的
There is/was no point doing
干……无意义动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：
动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，
不定式则通常表示具体的动作。如：我喜欢看书，但是我现在想看电影。
I like_________，but now I like___________________ .readingto see a film1)还是个孩子的时侯，她就觉得探视病人是一种责任，也是一种愉悦。
As a child，she felt that _________________ was a duty and a pleasure．
2)到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。
____________ in an American home will be a good experience for me. visiting sick peopleTo be a guest3) 一直不做就是作恶。
___________________is doing ill．
4)他说：“继续这样下去是无用的。”
He said，“__________ like this is no use．”
5)我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。
It’s an honor for me ________ invited to the party．在实际运用中，一般两者可以互换，差异不大，但下列情况不能互换．Doing nothingTo go onto beThere was no knowing where we would go.
There is no point doing such a silly thing.注意：There is no need to do sth 干……没必要,
在此句式中to do 不可换为doing..
没有必要告诉她。
_______________________________________而在It’s important … / It’s necessary … / It’s advisable … / It’s essential … / It’s fitting … 这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：
It’s important to learn foreign languages.
It’s quite necessary to read it many times.There is no need to tell her.我们不知道要去哪儿。做这件傻事毫无意义。 动名词作宾语有两种情况。
一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；
二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式
作宾语。
①只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有
avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，
suggest，dislike，delay，escape，
cannot help，imagine，mind, miss, practise，
cannot stand, excuse, fancy, give up, put off,
risk等。如：
1)我不能不去。I can’t avoid ________．
2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友? Have you
considered __________ one special friend? 二、功能及用法 (用作宾语)looking forgoing3)我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。
We must try to _______________ the same mistake．
4)晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?
Do you ______________________ with me after supper?
5)人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。
People _______________________________
foolish man． avoid repeatingfeel like having a walkcouldn’t help laughing at that②既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。
A．在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，
用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点
有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具
体的一次性动作。
B．在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不
定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。
C．在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动
名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语
发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：
我记得我已把信寄了。
______________________________________________
2) 我会记着去寄信的。
______________________________________________
3) I shall never forget seeing the famous writer．
_____________________________________________
4)Don’t forget to write to your mother．
____________________________________________
5) 我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。
___________________________________________
6) 我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。
____________________________________________我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。 不要忘了给你母亲写信。I regret missing the report．I regret to say I can’t accept your advice．I remember posting the letter．I’ll remember to post the letter．D．在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do (设法)，try doing (试试)，mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着)。如：
1)We must try to get everything done in time．
_____________________________________________
2)我们用别的方法做这工作试试。
_______________________________________________．
3) I didn’t mean to make you angry．
_________________________________________________
4) Your plan would mean spending hours．
_________________________________________________我并不想让你生气。你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。 我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。 Let’s try doing the work in some other wayE· go on doing 和go on to do
go on doing继续做一直在做的事；
go on to do接着做另一件事。如：
1) 请接着做这同一个练习。
________________________ the same exercise．
2) 请做另外一个练习。
________________________ the other exercise．
F．stop doing与stop to do: Stop doing停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：
我们停止了交谈。_____________________________
我们停了下来去谈话。________________________
Please go on doingPlease go on to doWe stopped talking．We stopped to talk．
G.注意:
当 need, want, require, worth后面接doing也可以表示被动。
Your hair wants cutting.
The floor requires washing.
This task is worth doing.
你的头发该理了。 地板需要冲洗这任务值得一做▲动词need, require, want意为“需要”时，
后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作
宾语，意义_____区别。如：
The window needs／requires／
wants cleaning／to be cleaned． 没有3．作介词宾语.动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。
A．介词+动名词，如：
1) 我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。
We’ve got to think of ways of __________ people’s habits.
2)我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。
I apologize for ____________ so angry with you.
3)离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方，感觉有点怪。
__________ away for several years，it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought up． beingAfter beingchanging B．动词+介词+动名词，如：
1)我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。
I insist on ______proper food fort this expedition．
2)同学们脸上没有笑容，相反都做了怪脸。
_________________，each of them made a face．
她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。
She was very ________________________ for our company．
下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或
-ing形式：devote to，object to, pay attention to，get down to，lead to, look forward to，stick to，be used to等 Instead of smiling interested in workingtaking1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _______ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repairedExercise2. Have you forgotten ___$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember ____ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring
C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing3. The classroom wants _____. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning
4. Jack said that he wouldn't mind __ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited5. My brother keeps ___ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped
6. We should often practise ___ English with each other.
A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking7. Keep on ____ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying
8. His parents insist on ___ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go9. The story was so funny that we ___. A. couldn’t help laugh B. can’t but laugh C. couldn’t help laughing D. couldn’t help but to laugh10. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂贵), it is worth ______. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it
11. He devoted his life to _____ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied12. We are both looking forward to __ next week. A. going on vocation
B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation13. You must pay attention to ___ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read
14. You should work tonight instead of _____ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching15. The microscope is used for__ minute (微小的) objects. A. examining B. being examined C. examined D. examine
16. Mike has got used ___ up late at night. (stay up) A. to sit B. X C. to staying D. sitting17. Once the heart stops _____, death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating
18. We are now busy _____ for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared19. I remembered ____ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see
20. I regret ____ that to her. A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. X21. The patient must be separated to avoid (避免) ____ others. A. being infected(感染) B. infecting C. to infect D. infected
22.Your clothes need ______. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed23. _____ provides us with essential nutrients (营养), while ______ provides us with oxygen. A. To eat; breathing B. Eating; to breathe C. Eating; breathing D. Eaten; breathed24. He attended the party without___. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited
25. By ____, water can be changed into gas.
A. heating B. being heated C. having heated D. heated26. On land many objects prevent sound _____ very far. A. to travel B. travel C. from travelling D. to travelling
2７. Remember__ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back
2８. Writing stories and articles__ what I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. was D. were ２９. He was afraid ___for being late.
A. of seeing B. of being seen
C. to be seen D. to have seen
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