第一讲 名词
中考考纲中主要考查名词做主语、定语及宾语的用法，考查名词主要围绕同、近义词（voice ,noise, sound; home, family, house； ground， floor, earth ）， 多义词[exercise(练习；锻炼) room（空间；房间）],兼类词（mind ），名词，动词 ，高频词（advice，information，experience, expression）以及名词做定语和名词所有格的用法上。卷面中名词所占分值约为 3-7分左右，一般分布在单选、完形填空、短文填空、翻译、任务型阅读及写作中。
名词的分类
思维导图记知识点
1.名词表示人、事物、地点、现象或 抽象概念等的名称。 如：teacher, desk, England, love等。
2.名词的分类
专有名词
第一个字母大写，前面不加the
人名
如：Thomas, Uncle Bob
国家、地名、河流、山川名
如：China, Paris, Qifeng
团体、机构名称
如：Cambridge University
时间名、节假日名称
如：June, Sunday, Christmas
第一个字母大写，前面加the
由普通名词构成的专有名词
如：the Great Wall
普通名词
可数名词
个体名词，表示某类人或事物中的个体
如：pen, worker
集体名词，表示若干个体组成的集合体
如：family, class, team
不可数名词
物质名词，表示无法分为个体的物质或实物
如：water, time, air
抽象名词，表示品质、状态、感情等抽象的概念
如：happiness, honesty（诚实）
【注意】有些名词既可做可数名词，也可作不可数名词。如：
名词
用作可数
用作不可数
名词
用作可数
用作不可数
paper
试卷，报纸
纸
light
灯
光
glass
玻璃杯
玻璃
room
房间
空间
chicken
小鸡
鸡肉
orange
橘子
橘子汁
名词的功能
思维导图记知识点
1. 名词在句子中可作主语、表语、定语、宾语或宾语补足语、位语、状语、呼语、开场白等。
2. 名词作定语时，应当注意以下几点：
（1）可数名词作定语时一般用单数。如： a ten-year-old girl
（2）也有复数作定语。如：sports meetings men teachers
（3） man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数取决于所修饰的名词的单复数。
如: a man worker 一个男工 some men workers 一些男工
（4）数词+名词作定语时，名词一般保留单数形式。
如：two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk一段十里的路
（5）固定词组。如：goods train货车 arms produce武器生产 customs papers海关文件 clothes brush衣刷
名词的数
思维导图记知识点
可数名词单复数的规则变化（表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词）
变化规则
例 词
1
一般情况在词尾加-s
pen—pens doctor—doctors boy—boys
2
在以-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词后面加-es
bus—buses dish—dishes box—boxes
3
以-f或-fe结尾的名词
将-f或-fe变为v再加-es
knife—knives leaf—leaves wolf—wolves
常见的有9个，它们分别是：wife, knife , wolf, thief, shelf, self, life, half, leaf 。可以这样记： 妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；(wife， knife , wolf，thief ) 躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。 (shelf , self，life，half ，leaf )
直接加-s
roof—roofs gulf—gulfs
4
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要将y变为i再加-es
factory—factories country—countries family—families story—stories
5
以元音字母加y结尾的名词，只加-s
boy—boys day—days toy—toys
6
以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词
加-es（中考常见4个）
tomato—tomatoes potato—potatoes hero—heroes negro—negroes （黑人）
我们可以这样记：黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和马铃薯
加-s（中考常见5个）
photo—photos radio—radios
piano—pianos zoo—zoos kilo—kilos
注意：由self构成的复合词，其变化与self 相同。如：myself → ourselves
可数名词单复数的不规则变化
表现形式
例 词
1
单复数形式相同
sheep, fish, deer等以及汉语中的计量单位如jin, yuan, li等
2
只有复数形式
glasses(眼镜)，trousers, pants, shorts, clothes(衣服)
3
一些集体名词总是用作复数
people, police, staff
4
部分集体名词即可作单数（整体），也可作复数（成员）
class, family, team, group，couple
5
复数形式表示特别含义
times（时代）， papers（报纸）， looks（外表）,
sands（沙滩），matters（礼貌）
6
改变名词中的元音字母
man—men ,woman—women; foot—feet , goose—geese , tooth—teeth ; mouse—mice
7
词尾发生变化
child—children; ox—oxen
8
合成名词
主体名词变复数
girl friends, boy students, pencil-boxes
两部分都变复数
women teachers, men singers
9
表示国籍，
即“某国人”
单复数同形
Chinese, Japanese, Swiss
直接加-s
Germans, Americans, Australians, Canadians, Indians
-man, -woman结尾的，改为-men, -women
Englishman—Englishmen,
Frenchman—Frenchmen
四、名词的量
1. 可数名词的量 ：直接用“数字＋名词 的复数”表示。如：two eggs, ten books
2. 不可数名词的量
常见的不可数名词有：music, fun, news, information, advice, weather, homework, work, air, time, money, paper, traffic, practice, progress bread, music, furniture, sugar, knowledge, trouble, progress, traffic , weather, fun, equipment, beef。不可数名词 :不能以数目来计算，不能分成个体。 没有单复之分，前面不用不定冠词a / an ， 表达数量用：数词+（量词）+ 名词 。 如： a piece of paper
3. 兼类词 ：既可以是不可数名词有可以是可数名词。
常考兼类词有: candy, fruit, glass, work, paper, exercise, experience, room, orange, fish, chicken, chocolate, cake, time, snow, coffee, life.
常用搭配：a piece of paper/news/bread/meat/ advice/information/ chalk
常见短语：a bottle of , a cup of coffee , a drop of water, a bag of rice, a block of ice, two pieces of, a pair of…
4.可数名词与不可数名词的不确切量的表达方式 ：
few, a few, many, several, a (large/small)number of + 可数名词
little, a little, much, a large/small amount of, a great deal of+ 不可数名词
some, any, plenty of , enough, a lot of/lots of+ 可数/不可数名词
五、名词的后缀
思维导图记知识点
1.?表示人的：-er?,?-or?,?-?ian, -ist?,?-n 如：win-winner run-runner farm –farmer invent-inventor visit-visitor art-artist history-historian Africa-African America-American 2. 动词转名词：-tion?,?-sion,?-ing?,?-(s)?ure?,-ment,?-ance 如：pronounce- pronunciation express-expression begin-beginning press-pressure agree-agreement perform-performance
3. 其它：-th?,?-dom,?-ce?,?-y?,?-ty,?-ness,-ship?,?-hood?如：warm-warmth free freedom different-difference difficult-difficulty
safe –safety busy-business friend –friendship child-childhood
名词的所有格
思维导图记知识点
名词的所有格 ：表示名词之间的所有关系
1. ’s所有格(主要表示有生命的人或物的名词)
情况
构成方式
运用举例
单数名词
加’s
my dad’s dog，Williams'pupils，Tom’s car
以s结尾的复数名词
加'
the teachers'office，her parents'bedroom
不以s结尾的复数名词
加’s
Children’s Day，people’s life（人民的生活）
表示两人共同拥有
只在最后一个名词后加’s
Mary and Peter’s desk（两人共用的桌子）
情况
构成方式
运用举例
表示两人各自拥有
在各个名词后加’s
Mary’s and Lucy’s rooms（两人各自的房间）
表示某人家、店铺等处所
所有格后名词可以省略
my aunt’s(house), in the shoe’s (shop)
【注意】表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词， 也可以用’s 所有格。如：
Today’s newspaper 今天的报纸 the world’s biggest problem 世界最大的问题
an hour’s walk/ride 走路/开车一小时的路程 eight days’ holiday = an eight-day holiday 八天的假期
2.“of ”所有格的构成。
①于无生命的东西。如：a map of the world一张世界地图 the CEO of the IBM IBM的首席执行官
②用于名词化的词。如：the livelihood of the poor穷人的生计
③修饰语较多时。如：the very long and graceful tail of the old black cat老黑猫又长又优雅的尾巴
④用于代词宾格之前。如：five of us.我们当中的五个
3. 双重所有格：表某整体的一部分，强调部分与整体的关系。
① a/an/数词/any/some/several/no/few/another/all/many + 名词+of + 名词’s。如：a friend of my father’s
② … 名词+ of + 名词性物主代词。如：a friend of mine
【巧学妙记】名词所有格的用法 英语名词所有格，表示某物是“谁的”；所有格构成有方法，多数要把's加；复数词尾有s，只加“'”就OK； 名词若为无生命，常把of来运用；时间、地点和距离，所有格也可用's。
考点一：名词词义辨析
典例1：（2018江苏 宿迁）4. Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high____ from the art community for this sculptures
A. pride B. praise C. promise D. progress
【答案】B
【解析】句意：吴伟，一位年轻的艺术家，受到了艺术界的高度赞扬。考查名词辨析题。A. pride自豪；B. praise称赞；C. promise允诺；D. progress进步。根据句意语境，可知praise符合句意，故选B。
举一反三
1.（2018 安徽省）32.—What is the_______ of your excellent spoken English? —Practice makes perfect!
A. result B. influence C. duty D. secret
【答案】D
【解析】句意：你出色的英语口语的秘诀是什么？---熟能生巧。选项分析A结果；B影响；C职责；D秘诀；根据句意及选项可知，应选D。
2、（2018 山西省）25. Reading the first of each paragraph before you read the whole text helps you get the main idea quickly.
A. letter B. word C. sentence
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词。在你读整篇文章之前读每段的第一 能够帮助你快速获得主旨。A. 信、字母，B. 单词，C.句子，故选C.
3.(2018 甘肃 白银 武威)7. In every ________ there has to be some give-and-take.
A. friendship B. instrument C. attention D. blackboard
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在每一段友谊中都必须有一些互谅互让。A. friendship意思是“友谊”；B. instrument意思是“乐器、仪器”；C. attention意思是“注意”；D. blackboard意思是“黑板”。根据后面的has to be some give-and-take.可知此处是说“友谊”，结合选项，可知A选项符合题意，故答案选A。
考点二：名词的作用
典例2：（2018 重庆）33. --- How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang?
--- It’s about two ______ ride by high-speed train.
A. hour B. hour’s C. hours D. hours’
【答案】D
【解析】根据two只能只能用复数，排除A和B，而再由名词ride知道应该用所有格来修饰，排除C。
举一反三
4.(2017·贵州安顺) 29. There are more than one hundred teachers in our school, and most of them are .
A. men’s teacher B. man teachers C. men teacher D. men teachers
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词的用法。句意：在我们的学校里有一百多位教师，大多数是男教师。英语中，表示“男/女……”，即：man与woman修饰其后的名词，两者均用复数形式。故选D。
5.(2017·贵州贵阳)39. “Cindy, how far is it from your home to school?” “About 20 _____ walk.”
A. minutes B. minute’s C. minutes’
【答案】C?
【解析】考查名词所有格用法。句意：“Cindy，从你家到学校有多远？”“大约20_________步行。”空格前有基数词20修饰，其后的名词应用复数形式，故填minutes，但空格处指代的是20“分钟的”步行，要在minutes后加“’”。故选C。
6. (2017·山东临沂) I live near the station. It’s only about five _____ walk.
A. minute’s B. minute C. minutes' D. minutes
【解析】 句意:我住在车站附近。只有大概步行五分钟的路程。本题考 查名词所有格的用法。以-s结尾的名词复数的所有格一般在末尾 直接加，根据题意可知答案为C。
【答案】C
考点三：名词的数
典例3：25.(2017·黑龙江绥化) 1. There are two ______ in her family.
child B. childs C. children
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词单复数。题干中有提示词two，故需要用child的复数形式children。故选C。
举一反三
7.(2017·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)11. I went to the hospital yesterday. I found a few________there.
A. man nurses B. men nurse C. men nurses
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词用法。句意：昨天我去了医院。我在那里发现几名男护士。根据a few可知后面用名词复数形式，man修饰名词，随着所修饰的名词复数而变复数。故选C。
8.(2017·新疆建设兵团) 27. Lily has lots of ___________. She can learn much from them and use them to mail letter.
A. newspaper B. toys C. novels D. stamps
【答案】 D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Lily有很多_____。她能从它们中学到很多而且使用它们邮递信件。newspaper报纸；toys玩具；novels小说；stamps邮票。根据后文... and use them to mail letter可判断出Lily有很多邮票。故选D。
9.(2017·山东东营)29. —Do American students also have lots of _______ to do?
—Sure. But they do less memorizing exercises.
A. sports B. surveys C. homework D. housework
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：—美国学生也有很多家庭作业要做吗？—当然了。但是他们做很少的记忆练习。sports运动；surveys调查；homework作业；housework家务活。记忆练习属于家庭作业范畴，故选C。
10.(2017·四川达州) 22.—Could you please offer me some________ in my research?
—Yes, sure.
A. idea B. message C. suggestion D. advice
【答案】D
【解析】考查可数名词和不可数名词。本句中有some，后接可数名词复数形式，或者不可数名词。idea, message, suggestion均为可数名词，且为单数形式，故排除。故选D。
考点四：名词的量
典例4：(2017?四川南充) 22. —Are you thirsty?
—Yes, please give us _________.
A. three bottle water B. three bottle of water C. three bottles of water D. three bottles of waters
【答案】 C
【解析】考查名词的数量表达。句意：——你口渴吗？——是的，请给我三瓶水。water是不可数名词(不加s)，表达一定数量使用表达数量的短语…bottle (s) of water, 表示“三瓶”用three bottles。故选C。
举一反三
11．(2016· 江苏淮安)There is _______ juice in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
【解析】 A. few修饰可数名词，表示几乎没有；B.a few修饰可数名词，表示一些，C. little修饰不可数名词，表示几乎没有；D.a little修饰不可数名词，表示一些。根据句意：你需要买些果汁了，说明冰箱里几乎没有果汁了，故选C。 ?
【答案】C
12．(2016·兰州)I paid ￥10 for ________ this morning.
A．4 bottle milks B．4 bottles of milk C．4 bottles of milks D．4 milk
【解析】 考查不可数名词量的表示法。milk是不可数名 词，4 bottles of milk表示“四瓶牛奶”。
【答案】B
考点五：名词的后缀
典例5：(2017?湖北咸宁) 28. 一Zhen He was a Ming dynasty ________ that we Chinese people are proud of.
一I agree with you. He even succeeded sailing to the east coast of Africa.
A. tourist; to B. philosopher; in C. inventor; to D. explorer; in
【答案】 D
【解析】考查名词辨析和固定短语的用法。句意：——郑和是一位我们中国人都引以为傲的明朝的探险家。——我同意你的看法。他甚至成功远洋航行到非洲的东海岸。由“sailing to the east coast of Africa”，结合历史常识可知，第一个空格用explore，意为“探险家”。succeed in doing sth.意为“在做……方面取得成功”。故选D。
举一反三
13.(2017·四川巴中) 32.The computer is one of the most important ______.
A. inventor B. inventions C. invention
【答案】 B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：电脑是最重要的发明之一。inventor “发明家”；invention “发明物”；“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”是固定用法，故选B。
考点六：名词的所有格
典例6：(2017·甘肃天水) 35. The online shop sells ___________ shoes at a very low price.
A. child and men’s B. children and men’s
C. children’s and men D. children’s and men’s
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：网店以低廉的价格销售儿童和男士的鞋子。child的复数为children，表示“儿童的”用children’s；man的复数形式为men，表示“男士的”用men’s。故选D。
举一反三
14.(2017·甘肃白银、武威)7. “It depends on my decision.” the mother said and looked at her two sons.
A. children B. children's C. child D. child' s
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：妈妈看了看她的两个儿子说：“它取决于我孩子们的意见。”复数名词children的名词所有格形式是直接在其后面直接加-'s。children's表示“孩子们的”。 故选B。
15.(2017·湖南邵阳) This is _____ room. It’s very bright.
A.Tom’s and Tim’s B. Tom’s and Tim C. Tom and Tim’s
【解析】 这是汤姆和提姆的房间，它非常明亮。名词所有格表示所属关系。“Tom and Tim's”表示两人共有，“Tom’s and Tim's”表示人各有一。根据语境可知应选C。
【答案】C
16.．(2016·克拉玛依)________ are planning to go on vacation.
A．Black's B．A Black's C．The Black's D．The Blacks
【解析】 根据句子结构中谓语动词are可知，此句主语应该是复数形式；“the＋姓氏复数”表示一家人， 句意为“布莱克一家人正在计划着去度假。”故选D。
【答案】D
一、单选题
（ ）1、（2018江苏 宿迁）4. Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high____ from the art community for this sculptures
A. pride B. praise C. promise D. progress
【答案】B
【解析】句意：吴伟，一位年轻的艺术家，受到了艺术界的高度赞扬。考查名词辨析题。A. pride自豪；B. praise称赞；C. promise允诺；D. progress进步。根据句意语境，可知praise符合句意，故选B。
（ ）2、（2018 安徽省）32.—What is the_______ of your excellent spoken English? —Practice makes perfect!
A. result B. influence C. duty D. secret
【答案】D
【解析】句意：你出色的英语口语的秘诀是什么？---熟能生巧。选项分析A结果；B影响；C职责；D秘诀；根据句意及选项可知，应选D。
（ ）3、（2018 山西省）25. Reading the first of each paragraph before you read the whole text helps you get the main idea quickly.
A. letter B. word C. sentence
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词。在你读整篇文章之前读每段的第一 能够帮助你快速获得主旨。A. 信、字母，B. 单词，C.句子，故选C.
（ ）4.(2018 甘肃 白银 武威)7. In every ________ there has to be some give-and-take.
A. friendship B. instrument C. attention D. blackboard
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在每一段友谊中都必须有一些互谅互让。A. friendship意思是“友谊”；B. instrument意思是“乐器、仪器”；C. attention意思是“注意”；D. blackboard意思是“黑板”。根据后面的has to be some give-and-take.可知此处是说“友谊”，结合选项，可知A选项符合题意，故答案选A。
（ ）5.（2018 河北省）27. Did you hear the ________? A scientist will visit our school.
A. advice B. news C. praise D. choice
【答案】B
【解析】名词辨析；句意：你听说这个消息了吗？一位科学家将要拜访我们的学校。考查名词的辨析，A. advice意见； B. news新闻，消息，不可数；C. praise表扬，赞扬；D. choice 选择，抉择。根据语境，表示听说这个消息，故选B。
（ ）6.（2018河南省）23.- It's useless to regret what has been done. Don't make those mistakes again
一I won't. That's a(n) _____
A order B. decision C. promise D. agreement
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析,A选项:命令;B选项:决定;C选项:承诺:D:协议,统一。翻译题干:-后悔已经做过的事情是没有用的,别再犯这些错误了。-我不会了,这是一个承诺(我承诺)故选C.
（ ）7.（2018南京）11.--- Do you have this T-shirt in a small_______?
----I'm afraid not. It only comes in medium.
A. size B. colour C. material D. taste
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你们有小 的这件T恤衫吗？---恐怕没有，知道了中号的。根据句意及下文可知，寻找小尺码的衣服，故选A。
（ ）8.（2018天津）24. Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden_______.
A. competition B. interview C. treasure D. tradition
【答案】C。
【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。A.competition 表示比赛，竞赛；B.interview 表示面试或采访；C.treasure 表示财宝，宝藏；D.tradition 表示传统。句意为他的微笑让我感到温暖而充满活力，就像是隐藏的宝藏。与八下 M9 的第二篇文章内容高度一致。
（ ）9.（2018 重庆）33. --- How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang?
--- It’s about two ______ ride by high-speed train.
A. hour B. hour’s C. hours D. hours’
【答案】D
【解析】根据two只能只能用复数，排除A和B，而再由名词ride知道应该用所有格来修饰，排除C。
（ ）10.（2018浙江温州）15.—What was the _______ of the football match last night?— AC Milan won the game.
A.value B.result C.choice D.decision
【答案】B
【解析】句意：---昨天晚上的足球赛的结果是什么？---AC米兰队赢了。value价值；result结果；choice选择；decision决定。根据句意可知，比赛所涉及的当然是结果，故答案为B。 （ ）11.(2018重庆)1.— I have a bad cold. — Sorry to hear that. You'd better go to see a ________ at once.
A.?doctor?????????????????????????????????B.?cook?????????????????????????????????C.?writer?????????????????????????????????D.?farmer
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我得了重感冒。——很遗憾听到这些，你最哈哈哦马上去看医生。从上文可看出，说话人“得了感冒“，需要去看”医生“，固定搭配see a doctor，故答案选 A。 （ ）12.（2018广东深圳）24.—Simon always reads for half an hour before bedtime every day. —That's a good ??????. Reading makes a full man.
A.?dream???????????????????????????????????????B.?wish???????????????????????????????????????C.?habit
【答案】C
【解析】句意：---西蒙在每天上床睡觉前总是读书半个小时。---那是个好习惯。阅读让我成为一个充实的人。dream梦想；wish希望；habit习惯。睡前读书是要一种习惯，故答案为C。 （ ）13.（2018广东深圳）24.—Simon always reads for half an hour before bedtime every day. —That's a good ??????. Reading makes a full man.
A.?dream???????????????????????????????????????B.?wish???????????????????????????????????????C.?habit
【答案】C
【解析】句意：---西蒙在每天上床睡觉前总是读书半个小时。---那是个好习惯。阅读让我成为一个充实的人。dream梦想；wish希望；habit习惯。睡前读书是要一种习惯，故答案为C。 （ ）14.（2018湖北武汉）3.— Kate, I'm going shopping. Anything to buy for you? —Yes, that will save me a_____.
A.?hand?????????????????????????????????????B.?trip?????????????????????????????????????C.?visit?????????????????????????????????????D.?bill
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——凯特，我要去购物，你要买东西吗？——是的，这样我就少跑一趟。A. hand 手、B. trip 旅途，路途 C. visit拜访、D. bill账单。有人帮忙买东西，自己不用去，所以就省去跑一趟，固定搭配save sb a trip 省去某人跑一趟。故选B。
（ ）15.(2017?重庆渝北)17. My uncle keeps many ____ on the family. And I often help him feed them.
A.cow B.horse C.pig D.sheep
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及其单复数。句意：我的叔叔在家里养了许多______。我经常帮他喂他们。cow 奶牛，复数形式为cows；horse 马，复数形式为horses；pig 猪，复数形式为pigs；sheep 羊，其单复数形式相同。many修饰可数名词复数，故选D。
（ ）16.(2017?云南昆明)26. Many ____ are playing an active part in making Kunming a civilized city（文明城市）。
A. man B. woman C. volunteer D. volunteers
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词的单复数。句意：许多志愿者主动参与建设昆明，让其成为文明城市。Many意为许多，后面加可数名词复数，man，woman和volunteer均为单数，所以只有D项符合题意，故选D.
（ ）17.（2017． 四川甘孜）3. Linda has a beautiful ___________. She sings very well.
A. look B. sound C. voice
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据后面分句She sings very well.（她歌唱得很好。）可知琳达有一幅好嗓子。故选C。
（ ）18.（2017?内蒙古包头）25. If you need further _____ about our products. Please surf the Internet.
A. information B. experience C. practice D. expression
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你需要进一步了解我们产品的信息，请上网查。故选A，意为“信息”，是不可数名词，而experience“经历；经验”； practice “练习”； expression“表达方式”均不合句意，故排除。
（ ）19.(2017?辽宁沈阳)6. These light bulbs look the same, but their _______ on the environment are different.
A. solutions B methods C. effects D. secrets
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：这些灯泡看起来一样，但是它们的______在环境中不同。solutions解决方案；methods方式；effects影响、效果；secrets秘密。根据句意，结合选项，应该是效果不同，所以应该选effects，故选C。
（ ）20.(2017·辽宁大连)6. In North America, you cannot stand too close to people. Give them more personal ______.
A. fun B. space C. time D. information
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。由句意“在北美洲，你不能站得太靠近人。要给他们更多个人的空间。”可知，表示“空间”的space符合句意，而fun“乐趣”，time“时间，次数”，information“信息”均与句意不符。
（ ）21.(2017·辽宁大连)9. He didn’t use to be active in school, but now he gets lots of ______.
A. choices B. money C. attention D. problem
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词的词义辨析。choice“选择”，money“金钱”，attention“注意，关注”，problem“问题”。由句意“他以前在学校不很积极，但现在他得到很多关注。”可知，get lots of attention意为“得到很多关注”符合句意。故选C。
（ ）22.(2017·江苏淮安) 8. — Dad, have you told Mum that I will come back next Wednesday?
— No. Let’s keep it ____ and give her a surprise.
A. chance B. choice C. secret D. idea
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词意义辨析。句意：—爸爸，你告诉妈妈我下个周三会回来吗？—没有。让我们保密，然后给她一个惊喜吧。chance机会；choice选择；idea主意。前文意义“没有告知”提示下文用名词secret作宾语补足语，表示“保密”。
（ ）23.(2017·湖北黄冈)28. —What’s your prediction about the ______of our school basketball match next week?
— I am sure Class 8 will be the winner.
A. teammate B. result C. information D. player
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。teammate队员；result结果；information信息；player运动员。根据答语的“八班将是冠军”可知预测的是校篮球比赛的“结果”。故选B。
（ ）24.(2017.湖北恩施)23. —Henry, have you seen the English book on the ______desk? If you see it, please take it to the ______office.
—OK.
A.teachers’; teachers’ B.teacher’s; teachers’ C. teacher’s; teacher’s
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词所有格用法。第一个空格on the teacher’s desk表示“（讲台上）老师用的桌子”，第二个空格the teachers’ office表示“（多个老师共用的）教师办公室”。故答案为B。
（ ）25.(2017·黑龙江绥化) 1. There are two ______ in her family.
A. child B. childs C. children
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词单复数。题干中有提示词two，故需要用child的复数形式children。故选C。
（ ）26.【2016安徽】Cathy has such a good that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year.
A. sleep B. idea C. voice D. time
【答案】C
【解析】句意：凯西有一副那么好的嗓音以至于她去年在歌唱比赛中获得了许多奖项。A. sleep睡眠；B. idea想法，主意；C. voice 嗓音，指说话的声音；D. time时间。根据凯西是在歌唱比赛获奖，可知是好嗓子，故选C。
（ ）27.【2016福建泉州】－The water in the glass is sweet. Did you put any ______ in it?
－Yes. I added some to it just now.
A. sugar B. salt C. oil
【答案】A
【解析】句意：－杯子里的水是甜的。你在里面放了糖吗？－是的，我刚才加了一些。 A. sugar糖；B. salt盐；C. oil油。由前句“是甜的”，可以推测出放的是糖。故选A。
（ ）28.【2016福建厦门】— The milk shake tastes good. How do you make it? — It’s easy, just follow the ________.
A. discussions B. instructions C. resolutions
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——这个奶昔品尝起来很好。你怎么做的？——很容易，知识按照说明书做。discussion讨论；instructions说明书； resolutions解决；根据How do you make it?可知此处询问制作过程，因此应按照说明书去做，故选B。
（ ）29.【2016广州深圳】A_______is a person who is in someone's home by invitation, for a short time, as for a meal, or to stay one or more nights.
A. boss B. customer C. guest
【答案】C
【解析】句意：客人就是通过邀请来到某人家里的人，或者是来吃饭，或者是呆一个或更多的晚上。boss老板；customer顾客；guest客人。根据句意可知，这句话解释的是客人这个词的意思，故应选C。
（ ）30.【2016贵州黔南州】–There are a lot of ______ of bike riding.
--I agree. It’s good for environment and it saves money.
A. products B. advantages C. instruments D. instructions
【答案】B
【解析】句意：－骑车有许多好处。－我同意，对环境有好处而且省钱。A. products产品；B. advantages优点，好处；C. instruments乐器；D. instructions说明。有利于环境及省钱是骑车的优点、好处，故选B。
（ ）31.【2016河南】--Are you going out with Jade tonight?--That's my . Mind your own!
A. offer B. business C. question D. chance
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——今天晚上你要和简一块出去吗？——那是我的事，管好你自己的事！ offer提供； business商业; question问题；chance机会。That’s my business那是我的事。故选B。
（ ）32.【2016黑龙江大庆】— How far is your home from school ? — About ______ walk.
A. five minute’s B. five minutes’ C. five minutes
【答案】B
【解析】句意：－你家离学校多远？－大约五分钟的路。五分钟：five minutes；五分钟的：five minutes’（以s结尾的名词的所有格，在s的右上角加“’”）。故选B。
（ ）33. 【2016湖北恩施州】-May I take your order, sir? -
A. Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rices.
B. Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rice.
C. Chickens with vegetable and two bowl of rice.
【答案】B
【解析】句意：-我可以为你点菜吗，先生？ -加蔬菜的鸡肉和两碗米饭。Chicken作为“鸡肉”解释，是一个不可数名词；作为“小鸡”解释，是一个可数名词；vegetable是一个可数名词，蔬菜。rice米饭，是一个不可数名词；bowl是一个可数名词，碗。所以选B。
（ ）34.【2016湖北黄冈】—Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes，Tony？
—Sure，Mom will be mad if she sees this _________，I think．
A．matter B．mess C．trouble D．difficulty
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——托尼，你能倒垃圾，刷碗吗？——当然可以。我认为如果妈妈看见这么狼藉，她会疯了的。matter问题；mess狼藉，杂乱；trouble麻烦；difficulty困难。根据Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes，可知屋里有垃圾，碗和盘子没有刷，因此屋里一片狼藉，故选B。
（ ）35.【2016湖北武汉】---Look, the boss is very angry with Alex.
---Well,he came late again.But that’s no______ to shout at him.
A.problem B. lesson C.excuse D. reason
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——看，老板非常生亚历克斯的气。——哦，他又来晚了。但是没有理由冲他大喊。problem没问题；lesson课； excuse理由；reason原因。根据but可知此处表示转折，就是他来晚了，也没有理由对他大喊，故选C。
1.(2018?湖北咸宁模拟)1.— I have a bad cold. — Sorry to hear that. You'd better go to see a ________ at once.
A.?doctor?????????????????????????????????B.?cook?????????????????????????????????C.?writer?????????????????????????????????D.?farmer
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我得了重感冒。——很遗憾听到这些，你最哈哈哦马上去看医生。从上文可看出，说话人“得了感冒“，需要去看”医生“，固定搭配see a doctor，故答案选 A。
2.(2017·广东省模拟)2.Bill, a(n)________ to interview the football players, always tries to give the firsthand information to the public as soon as possible.
A.?guest???????????????????????????????B.?reporter???????????????????????????????C.?tourist???????????????????????????????D.?athlete
【答案】B
【解析】句意：比尔是一位采访足球运动员的记者，他总是试图尽快向公众提供第一手资料。A. guest 客人；B. reporter 记者；C. tourist 游客；D. athlete作者。由句子interview the football players采访足球运动员，和句子tries to give the firsthand information to the public as soon as possible尽量尽快向公众提供第一手资料，可知，比尔是一名记者。故答案选B。 3.(2017·甘肃天水模拟)3.—The last bus has left! What should we do? — we have no other ___now, let's take a taxi.
A.Choices B.reasons C.results
【答案】A
【解析】句意：—最后一班车离开了，我们该怎么办？—现在我们没有其他的选择，让我们乘出租车吧。A. choices 选择；?? B. reasons 原因；?? C. results结果；根据The last bus has left最后一班车离开了，let's take a taxi.让我们乘出租车吧，可知是没有其他的选择，故答案选A。 4.(2017·四川达州模拟） 4.—How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang? —It's about two ______ ride by high-speed train.
A.hour B.hour's C.hours D.hours'
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——从重庆到贵阳有多远？——坐高铁大约两小时的路程。根据two只能只能用复数，排除A和B，而再由名词ride知道应该用所有格来修饰，排除C。故选D。 5.(2017?四川南充模拟) 5.I'm afraid there is no enough __________ on the corner to put this big box.
A.?place?????????????????????????????????B.?room?????????????????????????????????C.?floor?????????????????????????????????D.?ground
【答案】B
【解析】句意：恐怕在拐角处没有足够的空间放这个大盒子。place地方，room空间；floor地板；ground地面。根据to put this big box可知此处表示放这个大盒子的空间，故用room，故答案选B。
6.(2017?天津模拟)6.—What is the ______ of your excellent spoken English? —Practice makes perfect!
A.?result????????????????????????????????B.?influence????????????????????????????????C.?duty????????????????????????????????D.?secret
【答案】D
【解析】句意：你流利口语的秘诀是什么？-- 实践出真知。A. 结果 B. 影响 C. 职责? D.t秘诀，故答案为D。 7.(2017?湖北咸宁模拟)7.—Your father is having a meeting now. I'm afraid he can't pick up the phone —Could I send him a/an ___________?
A.?message??????????????????????????B.?suggestion??????????????????????????C.?information??????????????????????????D.?idea
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你父亲现在正在开会。我想他不能接电话。——我能给他发个信息吗？message信息；suggestion建议；information信息，不可数；idea主意，观点，手机短信用message，故选A。
8. (2017·安徽模拟)8.We like our English teacher because she often gives us a few ??????on how to improve English.
A.?knowledge???????????????????????B.?experiences???????????????????????C.?advice???????????????????????D.?suggestions
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们喜欢我们的英语老师，因为她经常给我们—些关于如何提高英语的建议。A. knowledge不可数名词，知识；B. experiences名词复数，经历、体验；C. advice不可数名词，建议；D. suggestions可数名词复数，建议。a few—些，修饰可数名词的复数；排除AC，经验不可以给，故答案选D。 9.(2017·甘肃武威模拟)9.Are you sure this is a photo ???????, the famous comedy actress?
A.?Jia Ling?????????????????????????B.?Jia Ling's?????????????????????????C.?of Jia Ling?????????????????????????D.?of Jia Ling's
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你确定这张照片是贾玲的，那个著名的喜剧女演员？ a photo of+n/人名=sb's photo，某人的照片。故选C。
10.(2017·甘肃兰州模拟) 10.When we say someone buys and uses things, we mean he is a _________．
A.?consumer???????????????????????????????????B.?hiker???????????????????????????????????C.?voyager
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当我们说某人在买并且使用某物的时候，我们就认为他是一个顾客。A、consumer顾客，B、hiker徒步者，C、voyager航海者，故选A。 【点评】考查名词辨析，注意根据语境选出词义，注意熟知单词词义。
11. (2017·湖南邵阳模拟)11.The two close friends are of the same ???????in clothes, though they are quite different in character.
A.hobby B.choice C.taste D.love
【答案】C
【解析】句意：那两个亲密的朋友在衣服上具有同样的品味，尽管他们在性格上不同。hobby爱好；choice选择；taste品味；love爱。结合句意，应是表示在衣服上的品味，故用taste，故选C。 12.(2017·湖南岳阳模拟) 12.—What was the _______ of the football match last night?— AC Milan won the game.
A.value B.result C.choice D.decision
【答案】B
【解析】句意：---昨天晚上的足球赛的结果是什么？---AC米兰队赢了。value价值；result结果；choice选择；decision决定。根据句意可知，比赛所涉及的当然是结果，故答案为B。 13.(2017·江苏南京模拟）13.—Mr. Li, I feel a little nervous before the coming exam. —You'd better take a break from studies and relax yourself.
A.rest B.breath C.walk
【答案】A
【解析】句意：---李老师，考试前我感觉有点紧张。---你最好从学习中休息一下，放松自己。break中断；休息；rest休息；breath呼吸；walk步行。故答案为A。 14.(2017?江苏苏州模拟) 14.Your _______ is the way that your face looks at a moment. It shows what you are thinking or feeling.
A.?expression??????????????????????????????B.?experience??????????????????????????????C.?experiment
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你的表情就是在此刻你的脸看上去的样子。它显示了你在想什么或感觉怎么样。A. 表情，B. 经历，C. 实验，脸上看到的应该是表情，故选A。 15.(2017·江苏泰州模拟) 15.—Simon always reads for half an hour before bedtime every day. —That's a good ??????. Reading makes a full man.
A.?dream???????????????????????????????????????B.?wish???????????????????????????????????????C.?habit
【答案】C
【解析】句意：---西蒙在每天上床睡觉前总是读书半个小时。---那是个好习惯。阅读让我成为一个充实的人。dream梦想；wish希望；habit习惯。睡前读书是要一种习惯，故答案为C。
16.(2017·江苏宿迁模拟)16.— Kate, I'm going shopping. Anything to buy for you? —Yes, that will save me a_____.
A.?hand?????????????????????????????????????B.?trip?????????????????????????????????????C.?visit?????????????????????????????????????D.?bill
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——凯特，我要去购物，你要买东西吗？——是的，这样我就少跑一趟。A. hand 手、B. trip 旅途，路途 C. visit拜访、D. bill账单。有人帮忙买东西，自己不用去，所以就省去跑一趟，固定搭配save sb a trip 省去某人跑一趟。故选B。 17.(2017·江苏扬州模拟) 17.A(n)?????? ??is a stairway that people can go out through it when there is a fire.
A.?newspaper stand????????????????????B.?department store????????????????????C.?emergency exit
【答案】C
【解析】句意：紧急出口是当发生火灾时人们能够从中逃出的楼梯路线。A. 报纸架，B. 百货商场，C. 紧急出口，根据定语从句可知火灾时人们逃脱要走的是楼梯，故选C。 18.(2017?江西模拟)18.Did you hear the ________? A scientist will visit our school.
A.?advice?????????????????????????????????B.?news?????????????????????????????????C.?praise?????????????????????????????????D.?choice
【答案】B
【解析】句意：你听说这个消息了吗？一位科学家将要拜访我们的学校。A. advice意见； B. news新闻，消息，不可数；C. praise表扬，赞扬；D. choice 选择，抉择。根据语境，A scientist will visit our school.是一个消息，故答案选B。 19.(2017·山东滨州模拟)19.In every ______ there has to be some give-and-take.
A.?friendship???????????????????????B.?instrument???????????????????????C.?attention???????????????????????D.?blackboard
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在每一段友谊中都必须有一些互谅互让。A. friendship意思是“友谊”；B. instrument意思是“乐器、仪器”；C. attention意思是“注意”；D. blackboard意思是“黑板”。根据后面的has to be some give-and-take.可知此处是说“友谊”，故答案为A。
20.(2017·山东东营模拟)20.—What are you going to do tomorrow, Li Bin? —I'm going to Green High School to do an outdoor activity___________.
A.?method?????????????????????????????B.?agreement?????????????????????????????C.?survey?????????????????????????????D.?block
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——李彬，你明天打算做什么?——我要去绿色高中做一个户外活动调查。method方法； agreement同意，协议； survey 调查；block 街区；根据句意可知这里是课外活动的调查。故答案为C。 【点评】考查名词词义辨析。牢记单词词义。
二、单词拼写（词汇运用）
1.(2018·山东德州模拟) 21.Kitty is going to have a holiday next month. She will t________a trip to Canada .
【答案】take
【解析】句意：凯蒂下周准备去度假。她将会去加拿大旅游。根据 have a holiday可知此处应是要去加拿大度假，take a trip to动词词组，去某地旅行。故填take。
2.(2018?山东泰安模拟) 22.The new bike is a birthday g________from mum. I like it very much.
【答案】gift
【解析】句意：这个新自行车是我妈妈给我的生日礼物，我非常喜欢。gift名词，礼物。”a ”可知是一个礼物，故填gift。
3.(2018·山东青岛模拟)23.The new project begins in February, running on to July or A________.
【答案】August
【解析】句意：新的项目2月份开始，一直会开展到7月或8月。根据February，July的提示，August八月。故填August。
4.(2018·山东烟台模拟)24.M________?is the third month of a year.
【答案】March
【解析】句意：三月是一年中的第三个月。March专有名词，三月。首字母要大写，故答案为March。
5.(2018·湖北襄阳模拟) 25.Jenny loves taking photos and always takes her c________?with her wherever she goes.
【答案】camera/cameras
【解析】句意：珍妮喜欢拍照片，无论走到哪她都会带着她的相机。camera名词，相机。句中没有特殊强调相机的个数，所以单复数均可。故答案为camera/cameras。
6. (2018·山西模拟) 26.The latest films with great sound effects were put on in that c________ four days ago.
【答案】cinema
【解析】8句意：有着很好音效的最近的一部电影在四天前在那家影院放映。我们知道电影是影院上映的，cinema电影院，故答案为：cinema。
7.(2018. 重庆A卷模拟)27.His sudden arrival made all the people look at him in s________.
【答案】surprise
【解析】句意：他的突然到来使我们所有人都很吃惊。根据His sudden arrival可知我们没有料到他会来，所以我们很吃惊。surprise吃惊，惊讶，故答案为：surprise。
8.(2018·福建模拟) 28.Where are you going for the summer v________
【答案】vacation
【解析】句意：你暑假打算去哪儿度假？一般暑假人们都去某地度假。summer vacation暑假，固定短语，故答案为：vacation。
9.（2018·广西贵港模拟）29.Your brother is a man of many t________（才能）.
【答案】talents
【解析】句意：你的哥哥是一个有许多才能的人。有many修饰，故用复数名词，故为talents。
10.(2018·贵州安顺模拟) 30.Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without d________ the ones who best understand the nature of tea.
【答案】doubt
【解析】句意：即使很多人现在了解茶文化，中国人毫无疑问是那些最了解茶文化的人。without doubt: 毫无疑问，根据句意和首字母可知答案，故答案为doubt。
11.(2018·贵州贵阳模拟)31.A c________ means a hundred years.
【答案】century
【解析】句意：一个世纪意味着一百年。世纪：century，故答案为century。
12.(2018·贵州贵阳模拟)32.Linda enjoys dancing. It is one of her h________.
【答案】hobbies
【解析】句意：Linda喜欢跳舞。它是她的爱好之一。one of +名词复数，爱好：hobby，复数是hobbies, 故答案为hobbies。
13.(2018·重庆B卷模拟)33.Superman's eyes are like ________ ( X光) and he can see you clearly.
【答案】X-rays
【解析】句意：超人的眼睛就像x射线，他能清楚地看到你。X-rays名词复数，X光，可数名词的复数可以单独使用。故填X-rays。 14.(2018·内蒙古呼和浩特模拟)34.With the________(发展)of economy(经济), our income(收入) has increased by 10% in less than a year.
【答案】development
【解析】句意：随着经济的发展，我们的收入在不到一年内已经增长了10%。the+名词+of“……的……”，故此处用名词，故为development。 15.(2018·湖南郴州模拟)35.The boy has such a good ________?that he can remember all the details clearly.
【答案】memory
【解析】句意：那个男孩的记忆力如此好以至于他能清晰地记住所有的细节。根据he can remember all the details clearly.可知此处表示能记住所有的细节，这是介绍记忆力，有不定冠词a修饰，故用单数名词，故为memory。
16.(2018·海南模拟)36.I don't know how to improve my English. Could you give me some a________?
【答案】advice
【解析】句意：我不知道如何提高我的英语。你能给我一些建议吗？根据I don't know how to improve my English.可知此处应是如何提高英语的一些建议，有some修饰，故用名词，advice“建议”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故为advice。
17.(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨模拟)37.Could you please give me some a________ on how to lose weight? I am getting overweight these days.
【答案】advice
【解析】句意：请问，你能给我一些关于如何减肥的建议吗？这些天我一直在变胖。根据on how to lose weight可知关于如何减肥的建议，advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故为advice。
18.(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔模拟)38.We Chinese always love p____. We hate wars but we are not afraid of wars!
【答案】peace
【解析】句意：我们中国人总是热爱和平。我们讨厌战争，但是我们不害怕战争。根据We hate wars可知我们讨厌和平，因此我们热爱和平，作为动词love的宾语，故用名词，故为peace。
19.（2018·湖北鄂州模拟）39.Most of the teenagers admire________/'h??r??z/.
【答案】heroes
【解析】句意：大多数青少年崇拜英雄。根据音标可知单词是heroes，是hero的复数，意思是英雄，注意这里用复数。故答案为heroes。
20.(2018·湖北黄石模拟)40.It's a good habit to brush your________（牙齿） after a meal.
【答案】teeth
【解析】【分析】句意：饭后刷牙是个好习惯。“刷牙”是“brush teeth”，刷的不止一颗牙齿，需要使用复数（teeth），故填“teeth”。 21.(2018?湖北武汉模拟)41.Zhu Zhiwen won a talent show called The Sound because of his excellent ________(嗓音)and wonderful acting skills.
【答案】voice
【解析】句意：朱志文凭借其出色的嗓音和杰出的演技赢得了一场名为《声音》的才艺表演。excellent优秀的/杰出的，形容词修饰名词；人的嗓音：voice，故答案为voice。 22.（2018·湖北孝感模拟）42.As a wonderful volleyball p________, Zhu Ting is known to people all over the world.
【答案】player
【解析】句意：作为一名出色的排球运动员，朱婷为全世界的人所熟知。wonderful出色的，形容词修饰名词；volleyball player排球运动员，根据句意语境和首字母提示，故答案为player 。
23.(2018·湖北宜昌模拟)43.They tried hard to provide a beautiful________/in'va?r?nm?nt/ for the children.
【答案】environment
【解析】句意：他们努力为孩子们提供一个优美的环境。根据音标可知是environment，环境。故答案为environment。
24.(2018·湖南怀化模拟)44.The ________/'si: kr?t/ of his success was hard work.
【答案】secret
【解析】句意：他成功的秘诀是努力工作。根据音标和句意可知是secret，秘密，秘诀，故答案为secret。
25.（2018·青海西宁模拟）45.Everyone has a r________(角色) to play in making our country more beautiful.
【答案】role
【解析】句意：在使我们国家更美好方面人人都扮演了一个角色。角色是role，故答案为role。
第一讲 名词
中考考纲中主要考查名词做主语、定语及宾语的用法，考查名词主要围绕同、近义词（voice ,noise, sound; home, family, house； ground， floor, earth ）， 多义词[exercise(练习；锻炼) room（空间；房间）],兼类词（mind ），名词，动词 ，高频词（advice，information，experience, expression）以及名词做定语和名词所有格的用法上。卷面中名词所占分值约为 3-7分左右，一般分布在单选、完形填空、短文填空、翻译、任务型阅读及写作中。
名词的分类
思维导图记知识点
1.名词表示人、事物、地点、现象或 抽象概念等的名称。 如：teacher, desk, England, love等。
2.名词的分类
专有名词
第一个字母大写，前面不加the
人名
如：Thomas, Uncle Bob
国家、地名、河流、山川名
如：China, Paris, Qifeng
团体、机构名称
如：Cambridge University
时间名、节假日名称
如：June, Sunday, Christmas
第一个字母大写，前面加the
由普通名词构成的专有名词
如：the Great Wall
普通名词
可数名词
个体名词，表示某类人或事物中的个体
如：pen, worker
集体名词，表示若干个体组成的集合体
如：family, class, team
不可数名词
物质名词，表示无法分为个体的物质或实物
如：water, time, air
抽象名词，表示品质、状态、感情等抽象的概念
如：happiness, honesty（诚实）
【注意】有些名词既可做可数名词，也可作不可数名词。如：
名词
用作可数
用作不可数
名词
用作可数
用作不可数
paper
试卷，报纸
纸
light
灯
光
glass
玻璃杯
玻璃
room
房间
空间
chicken
小鸡
鸡肉
orange
橘子
橘子汁
名词的功能
思维导图记知识点
1. 名词在句子中可作主语、表语、定语、宾语或宾语补足语、位语、状语、呼语、开场白等。
2. 名词作定语时，应当注意以下几点：
（1）可数名词作定语时一般用单数。如： a ten-year-old girl
（2）也有复数作定语。如：sports meetings men teachers
（3） man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数取决于所修饰的名词的单复数。
如: a man worker 一个男工 some men workers 一些男工
（4）数词+名词作定语时，名词一般保留单数形式。
如：two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk一段十里的路
（5）固定词组。如：goods train货车 arms produce武器生产 customs papers海关文件 clothes brush衣刷
名词的数
思维导图记知识点
可数名词单复数的规则变化（表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词）
变化规则
例 词
1
一般情况在词尾加-s
pen—pens doctor—doctors boy—boys
2
在以-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词后面加-es
bus—buses dish—dishes box—boxes
3
以-f或-fe结尾的名词
将-f或-fe变为v再加-es
knife—knives leaf—leaves wolf—wolves
常见的有9个，它们分别是：wife, knife , wolf, thief, shelf, self, life, half, leaf 。可以这样记： 妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；(wife， knife , wolf，thief ) 躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。 (shelf , self，life，half ，leaf )
直接加-s
roof—roofs gulf—gulfs
4
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要将y变为i再加-es
factory—factories country—countries family—families story—stories
5
以元音字母加y结尾的名词，只加-s
boy—boys day—days toy—toys
6
以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词
加-es（中考常见4个）
tomato—tomatoes potato—potatoes hero—heroes negro—negroes （黑人）
我们可以这样记：黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和马铃薯
加-s（中考常见5个）
photo—photos radio—radios
piano—pianos zoo—zoos kilo—kilos
注意：由self构成的复合词，其变化与self 相同。如：myself → ourselves
可数名词单复数的不规则变化
表现形式
例 词
1
单复数形式相同
sheep, fish, deer等以及汉语中的计量单位如jin, yuan, li等
2
只有复数形式
glasses(眼镜)，trousers, pants, shorts, clothes(衣服)
3
一些集体名词总是用作复数
people, police, staff
4
部分集体名词即可作单数（整体），也可作复数（成员）
class, family, team, group，couple
5
复数形式表示特别含义
times（时代）， papers（报纸）， looks（外表）,
sands（沙滩），matters（礼貌）
6
改变名词中的元音字母
man—men ,woman—women; foot—feet , goose—geese , tooth—teeth ; mouse—mice
7
词尾发生变化
child—children; ox—oxen
8
合成名词
主体名词变复数
girl friends, boy students, pencil-boxes
两部分都变复数
women teachers, men singers
9
表示国籍，
即“某国人”
单复数同形
Chinese, Japanese, Swiss
直接加-s
Germans, Americans, Australians, Canadians, Indians
-man, -woman结尾的，改为-men, -women
Englishman—Englishmen,
Frenchman—Frenchmen
四、名词的量
1. 可数名词的量 ：直接用“数字＋名词 的复数”表示。如：two eggs, ten books
2. 不可数名词的量
常见的不可数名词有：music, fun, news, information, advice, weather, homework, work, air, time, money, paper, traffic, practice, progress bread, music, furniture, sugar, knowledge, trouble, progress, traffic , weather, fun, equipment, beef。不可数名词 :不能以数目来计算，不能分成个体。 没有单复之分，前面不用不定冠词a / an ， 表达数量用：数词+（量词）+ 名词 。 如： a piece of paper
3. 兼类词 ：既可以是不可数名词有可以是可数名词。
常考兼类词有: candy, fruit, glass, work, paper, exercise, experience, room, orange, fish, chicken, chocolate, cake, time, snow, coffee, life.
常用搭配：a piece of paper/news/bread/meat/ advice/information/ chalk
常见短语：a bottle of , a cup of coffee , a drop of water, a bag of rice, a block of ice, two pieces of, a pair of…
4.可数名词与不可数名词的不确切量的表达方式 ：
few, a few, many, several, a (large/small)number of + 可数名词
little, a little, much, a large/small amount of, a great deal of+ 不可数名词
some, any, plenty of , enough, a lot of/lots of+ 可数/不可数名词
五、名词的后缀
思维导图记知识点
1.?表示人的：-er?,?-or?,?-?ian, -ist?,?-n 如：win-winner run-runner farm –farmer invent-inventor visit-visitor art-artist history-historian Africa-African America-American 2. 动词转名词：-tion?,?-sion,?-ing?,?-(s)?ure?,-ment,?-ance 如：pronounce- pronunciation express-expression begin-beginning press-pressure agree-agreement perform-performance
3. 其它：-th?,?-dom,?-ce?,?-y?,?-ty,?-ness,-ship?,?-hood?如：warm-warmth free freedom different-difference difficult-difficulty
safe –safety busy-business friend –friendship child-childhood
名词的所有格
思维导图记知识点
名词的所有格 ：表示名词之间的所有关系
1. ’s所有格(主要表示有生命的人或物的名词)
情况
构成方式
运用举例
单数名词
加’s
my dad’s dog，Williams'pupils，Tom’s car
以s结尾的复数名词
加'
the teachers'office，her parents'bedroom
不以s结尾的复数名词
加’s
Children’s Day，people’s life（人民的生活）
表示两人共同拥有
只在最后一个名词后加’s
Mary and Peter’s desk（两人共用的桌子）
情况
构成方式
运用举例
表示两人各自拥有
在各个名词后加’s
Mary’s and Lucy’s rooms（两人各自的房间）
表示某人家、店铺等处所
所有格后名词可以省略
my aunt’s(house), in the shoe’s (shop)
【注意】表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词， 也可以用’s 所有格。如：
Today’s newspaper 今天的报纸 the world’s biggest problem 世界最大的问题
an hour’s walk/ride 走路/开车一小时的路程 eight days’ holiday = an eight-day holiday 八天的假期
2.“of ”所有格的构成。
①于无生命的东西。如：a map of the world一张世界地图 the CEO of the IBM IBM的首席执行官
②用于名词化的词。如：the livelihood of the poor穷人的生计
③修饰语较多时。如：the very long and graceful tail of the old black cat老黑猫又长又优雅的尾巴
④用于代词宾格之前。如：five of us.我们当中的五个
3. 双重所有格：表某整体的一部分，强调部分与整体的关系。
① a/an/数词/any/some/several/no/few/another/all/many + 名词+of + 名词’s。如：a friend of my father’s
② … 名词+ of + 名词性物主代词。如：a friend of mine
【巧学妙记】名词所有格的用法 英语名词所有格，表示某物是“谁的”；所有格构成有方法，多数要把's加；复数词尾有s，只加“'”就OK； 名词若为无生命，常把of来运用；时间、地点和距离，所有格也可用's。
考点一：名词词义辨析
典例1：（2018江苏 宿迁）4. Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high____ from the art community for this sculptures
pride B. praise C. promise D. progress
【答案】B
【解析】句意：吴伟，一位年轻的艺术家，受到了艺术界的高度赞扬。考查名词辨析题。A. pride自豪；B. praise称赞；C. promise允诺；D. progress进步。根据句意语境，可知praise符合句意，故选B。
举一反三
（ ）1.（2018 安徽省）32.—What is the_______ of your excellent spoken English? —Practice makes perfect!
A. result B. influence C. duty D. secret
（ ）2、（2018 山西省）25. Reading the first of each paragraph before you read the whole text helps you get the main idea quickly.
A. letter B. word C. sentence
（ ）3.(2018 甘肃 白银 武威)7. In every ________ there has to be some give-and-take.
A. friendship B. instrument C. attention D. blackboard
考点二：名词的作用
典例2：（2018 重庆）33. --- How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang?
--- It’s about two ______ ride by high-speed train.
hour B. hour’s C. hours D. hours’
【答案】D
【解析】根据two只能只能用复数，排除A和B，而再由名词ride知道应该用所有格来修饰，排除C。
举一反三
（ ）4.(2017·贵州安顺) 29. There are more than one hundred teachers in our school, and most of them are .
A. men’s teacher B. man teachers C. men teacher D. men teachers
（ ）5.(2017·贵州贵阳)39. “Cindy, how far is it from your home to school?” “About 20 _____ walk.”
A. minutes B. minute’s C. minutes’
（ ）6. (2017·山东临沂) I live near the station. It’s only about five _____ walk.
A. minute’s B. minute C. minutes' D. minutes
考点三：名词的数
典例3：25.(2017·黑龙江绥化) 1. There are two ______ in her family.
child B. childs C. children
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词单复数。题干中有提示词two，故需要用child的复数形式children。故选C。
举一反三
（ ）7.(2017·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)11. I went to the hospital yesterday. I found a few________there.
A. man nurses B. men nurse C. men nurses
（ ）8.(2017·新疆建设兵团) 27. Lily has lots of _______. She can learn much from them and use them to mail letter.
A. newspaper B. toys C. novels D. stamps
（ ）9.(2017·山东东营)29. —Do American students also have lots of _______ to do?
—Sure. But they do less memorizing exercises.
A. sports B. surveys C. homework D. housework
（ ）10.(2017·四川达州) 22.—Could you please offer me some________ in my research?
—Yes, sure.
A. idea B. message C. suggestion D. advice
考点四：名词的量
典例4：(2017?四川南充) 22. —Are you thirsty?
—Yes, please give us _________.
three bottle water B. three bottle of water C. three bottles of water D. three bottles of waters
【答案】 C
【解析】考查名词的数量表达。句意：——你口渴吗？——是的，请给我三瓶水。water是不可数名词(不加s)，表达一定数量使用表达数量的短语…bottle (s) of water, 表示“三瓶”用three bottles。故选C。
举一反三
（ ）11．(2016· 江苏淮安)There is _______ juice in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
（ ）12．(2016·兰州)I paid ￥10 for ________ this morning.
A．4 bottle milks B．4 bottles of milk C．4 bottles of milks D．4 milk
考点五：名词的后缀
典例5：(2017?湖北咸宁) 28. 一Zhen He was a Ming dynasty ________ that we Chinese people are proud of.
一I agree with you. He even succeeded sailing to the east coast of Africa.
tourist; to B. philosopher; in C. inventor; to D. explorer; in
【答案】 D
【解析】考查名词辨析和固定短语的用法。句意：——郑和是一位我们中国人都引以为傲的明朝的探险家。——我同意你的看法。他甚至成功远洋航行到非洲的东海岸。由“sailing to the east coast of Africa”，结合历史常识可知，第一个空格用explore，意为“探险家”。succeed in doing sth.意为“在做……方面取得成功”。故选D。
举一反三
（ ）13.(2017·四川巴中) 32.The computer is one of the most important ______.
A. inventor B. inventions C. invention
考点六：名词的所有格
典例6：(2017·甘肃天水) 35. The online shop sells ___________ shoes at a very low price.
child and men’s B. children and men’s C. children’s and men D. children’s and men’s
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：网店以低廉的价格销售儿童和男士的鞋子。child的复数为children，表示“儿童的”用children’s；man的复数形式为men，表示“男士的”用men’s。故选D。
举一反三
（ ）14.(2017·甘肃白银、武威)7. “It depends on my decision.” the mother said and looked at her two sons.
A. children B. children's C. child D. child' s
（ ）15.(2017·湖南邵阳) This is _____ room. It’s very bright.
A.Tom’s and Tim’s B. Tom’s and Tim C. Tom and Tim’s
（ ）16.．(2016·克拉玛依)________ are planning to go on vacation.
A．Black's B．A Black's C．The Black's D．The Blacks
一、单选题
（ ）1、（2018江苏 宿迁）4. Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high____ from the art community for this sculptures
A. pride B. praise C. promise D. progress
（ ）2、（2018 安徽省）32.—What is the_______ of your excellent spoken English? —Practice makes perfect!
A. result B. influence C. duty D. secret
（ ）3、（2018 山西省）25. Reading the first of each paragraph before you read the whole text helps you get the main idea quickly.
A. letter B. word C. sentence
（ ）4.(2018 甘肃 白银 武威)7. In every ________ there has to be some give-and-take.
A. friendship B. instrument C. attention D. blackboard
（ ）5.（2018 河北省）27. Did you hear the ________? A scientist will visit our school.
A. advice B. news C. praise D. choice
（ ）6.（2018河南省）23.- It's useless to regret what has been done. Don't make those mistakes again
一I won't. That's a(n) _____
A order B. decision C. promise D. agreement
（ ）7.（2018南京）11.--- Do you have this T-shirt in a small_______?
----I'm afraid not. It only comes in medium.
A. size B. colour C. material D. taste
（ ）8.（2018天津）24. Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden_______.
A. competition B. interview C. treasure D. tradition
（ ）9.（2018 重庆）33. --- How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang?
--- It’s about two ______ ride by high-speed train.
A. hour B. hour’s C. hours D. hours’
（ ）10.（2018浙江温州）15.—What was the ____ of the football match last night?— AC Milan won the game.
A.value B.result C.choice D.decision （ ）11.(2018重庆)1.— I have a bad cold. — Sorry to hear that. You'd better go to see a ________ at once.
A.?doctor?????B.?cook?????C.?writer?????????D.?farmer
（ ）12.（2018广东深圳）24.—Simon always reads for half an hour before bedtime every day. —That's a good ??????. Reading makes a full man.
A.?dream?????B.?wish??????C.?habit
（ ）13.（2018广东深圳）24.—Simon always reads for half an hour before bedtime every day. —That's a good ??????. Reading makes a full man.
A.?dream?????B.?wish????????C.?habit （ ）14.（2018湖北武汉）3.— Kate, I'm going shopping. Anything to buy for you? —Yes, that will save me a_____.
A.?hand???????B.?trip???????C.?visit??????D.?bill
（ ）15.(2017?重庆渝北)17. My uncle keeps many ____ on the family. And I often help him feed them.
A.cow B.horse C.pig D.sheep
（ ）16.(2017?云南昆明)26. Many ____ are playing an active part in making Kunming a civilized city（文明城市）。
A. man B. woman C. volunteer D. volunteers
（ ）17.（2017． 四川甘孜）3. Linda has a beautiful ___________. She sings very well.
A. look B. sound C. voice
（ ）18.（2017?内蒙古包头）25. If you need further _____ about our products. Please surf the Internet.
A. information B. experience C. practice D. expression
（ ）19.(2017?辽宁沈阳)6. These light bulbs look the same, but their _______ on the environment are different.
A. solutions B methods C. effects D. secrets
（ ）20.(2017·辽宁大连)6. In North America, you cannot stand too close to people. Give them more personal ______.
A. fun B. space C. time D. information
（ ）21.(2017·辽宁大连)9. He didn’t use to be active in school, but now he gets lots of ______.
A. choices B. money C. attention D. problem
（ ）22.(2017·江苏淮安) 8. — Dad, have you told Mum that I will come back next Wednesday?
— No. Let’s keep it ____ and give her a surprise.
A. chance B. choice C. secret D. idea
（ ）23.(2017·湖北黄冈)28. —What’s your prediction about the ____of our school basketball match next week?
— I am sure Class 8 will be the winner.
A. teammate B. result C. information D. player
（ ）24.(2017.湖北恩施)23. —Henry, have you seen the English book on the ______desk? If you see it, please take it to the ______office.
—OK.
A.teachers’; teachers’ B.teacher’s; teachers’ C. teacher’s; teacher’s
（ ）25.(2017·黑龙江绥化) 1. There are two ______ in her family.
A. child B. childs C. children
（ ）26.【2016安徽】Cathy has such a good that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year.
A. sleep B. idea C. voice D. time
（ ）27.【2016福建泉州】－The water in the glass is sweet. Did you put any ______ in it?
－Yes. I added some to it just now.
A. sugar B. salt C. oil
（ ）28.【2016福建厦门】— The milk shake tastes good. How do you make it? — It’s easy, just follow the ________.
discussions B. instructions C. resolutions
（ ）29.【2016广州深圳】A_______is a person who is in someone's home by invitation, for a short time, as for a meal, or to stay one or more nights.
A. boss B. customer C. guest
（ ）30.【2016贵州黔南州】–There are a lot of ______ of bike riding.
--I agree. It’s good for environment and it saves money.
A. products B. advantages C. instruments D. instructions
（ ）31.【2016河南】--Are you going out with Jade tonight?--That's my . Mind your own!
A. offer B. business C. question D. chance
（ ）32.【2016黑龙江大庆】— How far is your home from school ? — About ______ walk.
A. five minute’s B. five minutes’ C. five minutes
（ ）33. 【2016湖北恩施州】-May I take your order, sir? -
A. Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rices.
B. Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rice.
C. Chickens with vegetable and two bowl of rice.
（ ）34.【2016湖北黄冈】—Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes，Tony？
—Sure，Mom will be mad if she sees this _________，I think．
A．matter B．mess C．trouble D．difficulty
（ ）35.【2016湖北武汉】---Look, the boss is very angry with Alex.
---Well,he came late again.But that’s no______ to shout at him.
A.problem B. lesson C.excuse D. reason
（ ）1.(2018?湖北咸宁模拟)1.— I have a bad cold. — Sorry to hear that. You'd better go to see a ________ at once.
A.?doctor???????B.?cook????C.?writer?????D.?farmer
（ ）2.(2017·广东省模拟)2.Bill, a(n)________ to interview the football players, always tries to give the firsthand information to the public as soon as possible.
A.?guest???????B.?reporter????????C.?tourist????????D.?athlete
（ ）3.(2017·甘肃天水模拟)3.—The last bus has left! What should we do? — we have no other ___now, let's take a taxi.
A.Choices B.reasons C.results
（ ）4.(2017·四川达州模拟） 4.—How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang? —It's about two ______ ride by high-speed train.
A.hour B.hour's C.hours D.hours'
（ ）5.(2017?四川南充模拟) 5.I'm afraid there is no enough __________ on the corner to put this big box.
A.?place???????B.?room????????C.?floor??????????D.?ground
（ ）6.(2017?天津模拟)6.—What is the ______ of your excellent spoken English? —Practice makes perfect!
A.?result???????B.?influence??????C.?duty???????D.?secret
（ ）7.(2017?湖北咸宁模拟)7.—Your father is having a meeting now. I'm afraid he can't pick up the phone —Could I send him a/an ___________?
A.?message????B.?suggestion???C.?information????D.?idea
（ ）8. (2017·安徽模拟)8.We like our English teacher because she often gives us a few ??????on how to improve English.
A.?knowledge???????B.?experiences?????????C.?advice??????D.?suggestions
（ ）9.(2017·甘肃武威模拟)9.Are you sure this is a photo ???????, the famous comedy actress?
A.?Jia Ling?????B.?Jia Ling's???????C.?of Jia Ling???????D.?of Jia Ling's
（ ）10.(2017·甘肃兰州模拟) 10.When we say someone buys and uses things, we mean he is a _________．
A.?consumer?????????B.?hiker???????C.?voyager
（ ）11. (2017·湖南邵阳模拟)11.The two close friends are of the same ???????in clothes, though they are quite different in character.
A.hobby B.choice C.taste D.love
（ ）12.(2017·湖南岳阳模拟) 12.—What was the _______ of the football match last night?— AC Milan won the game.
A.value B.result C.choice D.decision
（ ）13.(2017·江苏南京模拟）13.—Mr. Li, I feel a little nervous before the coming exam. —You'd better take a break from studies and relax yourself.
A.rest B.breath C.walk
（ ）14.(2017?江苏苏州模拟) 14.Your _______ is the way that your face looks at a moment. It shows what you are thinking or feeling.
A.?expression????????B.?experience????????C.?experiment
（ ）15.(2017·江苏泰州模拟) 15.—Simon always reads for half an hour before bedtime every day. —That's a good ??????. Reading makes a full man.
A.?dream???????B.?wish???????C.?habit
（ ）16.(2017·江苏宿迁模拟)16.— Kate, I'm going shopping. Anything to buy for you? —Yes, that will save me a_____.
A.?hand?????B.?trip?????????C.?visit???????D.?bill
（ ）17.(2017·江苏扬州模拟) 17.A(n)?????? ??is a stairway that people can go out through it when there is a fire.
A.?newspaper stand????????B.?department store???????C.?emergency exit
（ ）18.(2017?江西模拟)18.Did you hear the ________? A scientist will visit our school.
A.?advice???????B.?news???????????C.?praise????????D.?choice
（ ）19.(2017·山东滨州模拟)19.In every ______ there has to be some give-and-take.
A.?friendship???????????B.?instrument????????C.?attention??????????D.?blackboard
（ ）20.(2017·山东东营模拟)20.—What are you going to do tomorrow, Li Bin? —I'm going to Green High School to do an outdoor activity___________.
A.?method??????B.?agreement?????????C.?survey???????D.?block
二、单词拼写（词汇运用）
1.(2018·山东德州模拟) 21.Kitty is going to have a holiday next month. She will t________a trip to Canada .
2.(2018?山东泰安模拟) 22.The new bike is a birthday g________from mum. I like it very much.
3.(2018·山东青岛模拟)23.The new project begins in February, running on to July or A________.
4.(2018·山东烟台模拟)24.M________?is the third month of a year.
5.(2018·湖北襄阳模拟) 25.Jenny loves taking photos and always takes her c_______?with her wherever she goes.
6. (2018·山西模拟) 26.The latest films with great sound effects were put on in that c________ four days ago.
7.(2018. 重庆A卷模拟)27.His sudden arrival made all the people look at him in s________.
8.(2018·福建模拟) 28.Where are you going for the summer v________
9.（2018·广西贵港模拟）29.Your brother is a man of many t________（才能）.
10.(2018·贵州安顺模拟) 30.Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without d________ the ones who best understand the nature of tea.
11.(2018·贵州贵阳模拟)31.A c________ means a hundred years.
12.(2018·贵州贵阳模拟)32.Linda enjoys dancing. It is one of her h________.
13.(2018·重庆B卷模拟)33.Superman's eyes are like ________ ( X光) and he can see you clearly.
14.(2018·内蒙古呼和浩特模拟)34.With the________(发展)of economy(经济), our income(收入) has increased by 10% in less than a year.
15.(2018·湖南郴州模拟)35.The boy has such a good ________?that he can remember all the details clearly.
16.(2018·海南模拟)36.I don't know how to improve my English. Could you give me some a________?
17.(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨模拟)37.Could you please give me some a________ on how to lose weight? I am getting overweight these days.
18.(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔模拟)38.We Chinese always love p____. We hate wars but we are not afraid of wars!
19.（2018·湖北鄂州模拟）39.Most of the teenagers admire________/'h??r??z/.
20.(2018·湖北黄石模拟)40.It's a good habit to brush your________（牙齿） after a meal. 21.(2018?湖北武汉模拟)41.Zhu Zhiwen won a talent show called The Sound because of his excellent ________(嗓音)and wonderful acting skills.
22.（2018·湖北孝感模拟）42.As a wonderful volleyball p______, Zhu Ting is known to people all over the world.
23.(2018·湖北宜昌模拟)43.They tried hard to provide a beautiful________/in'va?r?nm?nt/ for the children.
24.(2018·湖南怀化模拟)44.The ________/'si: kr?t/ of his success was hard work.
25.（2018·青海西宁模拟）45.Everyone has a r________(角色) to play in making our country more beautiful.
