高考英语二轮专题复习课件-高考短文改错课件(31张)

文档属性

名称 高考英语二轮专题复习课件-高考短文改错课件(31张)
格式 zip
文件大小 7.0MB
资源类型 教案
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2018-08-06 06:15:38

图片预览

文档简介

课件31张PPT。Amazing ChinaGreat School Wonderful you!短文改错2018备战高考专题讲座系列Knowing is not enough, we must apply!
知不如用!
Willing is not enough, we must do!
想不如做!第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题l分,满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写 出该加的词
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。


In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I
took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was.
Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the
instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes
blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The
instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!”
“Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell
which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor
asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a
suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
2017全国卷Ieighteenth∧the/my___but____wordswentTurnlatersuddenof
考纲 第一节:满分10分。本题给出约100个单词的短文,文中有10处错误,错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等。要求考生对每个句子进行判断,如有错即将其改正。
说明 本题考查考生在阅读理解的基础上发现并纠正包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等类型语言错误的能力。
高考短文改错旨在考查考生发现、判断、纠正短文中错误的能力,从词法、句法、行文逻辑三个角度考查考生在语篇中准确运用英语的能力。一般来说,高考短文改错没有偏题、怪题,所选的语言材料也不会很难,通常以100词左右的记叙文为主,偶尔也有说明文和应用文。 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲及说明一、常见错误类型四、真题实战演练二、一般答题原则三、应试解题步骤短文改错五、2018备考策略一、常见错误类型 (一)词法类的错误
(二)句法类的错误
(三)行文逻辑错误
(四)命题视角原则表
(一)词法类的错误定冠词和不定冠词的用法,即a,an,the三者的转化与增减
例如:They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.(2017全国卷II)

解析:hour是以元音音素开头的名词,所以其前面的冠词a要改为an。2. 名词的单复数和名词所有格 例如:The instructor kept repeating the word,
“Speed up!” “Slow down!”…(2017年全国卷I)解析:word表示“说的话、言语”时是可数名词,在这里应该加s。3. 形容词、副词及其比较级、最高级的用法 例如:They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. (2017年全国卷II)
解析:此处只是描述人物的一个日常状态,
不需要用比较级,所以应将earlier改为early。4. 介词的使用 例如:It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.(2017年全国卷I,此句有两处错误)解析:“在……中间”为in the middle of sth,所以应将介词on改为of。此外通常用形容词修饰名词,所以应将suddenly改为sudden。5. 人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等用法(注意it的用法)
例如:I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. (2015年陕西卷) 解析:句意为:我想在他的退休欢送会上为他做点特殊的事情,所以应该把anything改为something。 If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain … (2016年全国卷I)解析:your改为our.因为句子的主语是“we”,故此处用our.7. ?动词时态
例如:I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. (2017年全国卷III)
解析:此句讲述的是过去的事情,时态应为一般
过去时,所以谓语动词become要改为became。解析:此句讲述的是我的18岁,因此把eighteen改成eighteenth.7. ?非谓语动词的使用 例如:When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables! (2017年全国卷II,此句有两处错误) 解析:第一处错误为时态错误,主句用的是将来时态,根据“主将从现”原则,came应改为comes。另外,从句中出现了两个动词,根据固定搭配invite sb to do sth可知应在pick前加上to,用不定式作宾语补足语。7. ?动词的语态 例如:About one month after this photo was took, … (2017年全国卷III) 解析:此句中photo是被拍照的对象,所以took应改为taken。 8. 固定短语、固定搭配和固定句型 例如:Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. (2016年全国卷II)
解析:suggest表示“建议”时,其用法为 suggest
(that) sb (should) do sth或suggest sth/doing sth,因此
应去掉can或者将can改为should。9. 易混淆词或词组辨析 例如:A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. (2017年全国卷I)解析:late和later用作副词时,late意为“迟,接近末了”,later意为“后来,一段时间之后”,此处是表示“几分钟之后”,因此应将late改为later。
(二)句法类的错误 主要表现在并列句与复合句中连接词使用错误
如:Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. (2017全国卷I,此句有两处错误)解析:首先注意到goes的时态错误,应改为went。
根据句意,判断出so前后的分句应为转折关系,而
不是因果关系,因此将so改为but或者yet。1.并列句主要在连接词的误用上*My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. 2016全国卷I 2.状语从句和名词性从句
常见错误主要反映在连接词的误用上*Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. 2016全国卷I解析:but去掉。让步状语从句从属连词though不可与并列连词but一起连用。解析:that改为where,where引导宾语从句,并在从句中作状语。3.定语从句则主要体现在 关系代词和关系副词的错用上例如:In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. (2017年全国卷II,此句有两处错误) 解析:首先应将interesting改为interested;此外注意garden后面应该是一个非限定性定语从句,应该用which引导,故将that改为which。4.要注意一些特殊句式及语气?.There be 句型
There have some pieces of information that I’d like to share with you. 2017青岛模拟
解析:there be 和have 的混用,因此把have 换成is.?.倒装句
Not until then I know my senior high school life had really begun. 2017湖北八市联考?.强调句
You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel where the coach picks up tourists. 2016天津高考改编。
解析:it is…that/who强调句型,因此把where改成that.解析:not until 位于句首主句要部分倒装,因此在I的前面加did.?.感叹句
What colorful the mountain is! 2017开封质检。
解析:这是一个对过去的虚拟语气并且把if省略了,从句要进行倒装,因此把have改成had。?.祈使句
Knocking at the door before you enter the office, or you’ll be considered impolite. 2017山东实验中学诊断。
?.虚拟语气
Have the government and scientists not worked together, Aids-related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005. 2016浙江高考改编解析:祈使句+and/or+一般将来时,因此把Knocking改成Knock.解析:这是个感叹句型,因此把What改成How.解析:if后省略了video games are ,因此leaving 改成left.?.省略句
Video games can be a poor influence if leaving in the wrong hands.2016浙江高考改编
(三)行文逻辑的错误
短文改错题重视上下文前后照应,有时在脱离上下文的情况下,单看某句话,觉得结构正确、语意通顺,很难发现其中的错误,但联系前后文,就能发现问题所在。因此,答题时要注意句与句之间的关系以及前后文之间的联系和统一,这样才能将单个句子中不易发现的错误,如连词不当、人称混乱、前后矛盾等问题全部找出来。 例如:This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.(2017年全国卷III) 解析:本句的句法没有错误,但通读整篇文章,是关于作者通过一张照片回忆自己的高中生活,所以句中的your一词是不符合逻辑的,应该改为my。
(四)命题视角原则表1
(“频次”中的数字为2015~2017全国卷8套试题的考查题量累计)
命题视角原则表2
(“频次”中的数字为2015~2017全国卷8套试题的考查题量累计)
二、一般答题原则 短文改错题答题时要严格遵守以下原则:
“规范性”原则:要严格按照示范规定的符号改错。要记住 “____”“、“∧”、“ ” 分别表示错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除。切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。
“四不改”原则:① 单词拼写不改;② 大小写不改;③ 词序错误不改(应从错词或少词方面考虑);④ 标点符号不改。
“四改动”原则:① 忠实于原文原则(不可改变文章的原意);② 错误以改动最少为原则;③ 虚词以添加或者删除为原则;④ 实词以改变形式为原则。三、应试解题步骤
(一)通篇阅读,把握语境 短文改错题的语篇意识年年在强化,错误常常
“隐藏”在短文中。因此答题前一定要快速阅读全
文,了解短文大意从
整体上把握全篇的通读全文时,可以把一些显而易
见的错误先改好,再进行分句改错。
时态或语态、人称与行文逻辑。(二)分句阅读,逐句判断 短文中共有10处语言错误,错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。答题时要逐句来判断。具体要注意以下几点: 1. 逐句阅读每一个完整的句子。最小单位是一个完整的句子,切忌肢解句子,一行一行地找错。 2. 对长句难句,要从语法的角度对句子成分进行分析,理清主句和从句,找出主、谓、宾等主要成分。长句的错误开始时很难发现,甚至明明知道该句意思不清、逻辑不通,却不知毛病所在,但若明白了句子的结构,问题就一目了然了。
3. 要特别关注行尾和行首接连处,注意其语法搭配关系或逻辑上的关联。行尾和行首往往容易被忽视,不易找到错误所在。
4. 一般来说,上面列举的各个错误点不会重复出现。另外,每句中最多只出现两处错误。
5. 若的确有一时难以改出的地方,可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例:即多词1个,缺词1个,错词8个。
(三)复读全文,检查验证
分句阅读、逐句判断改错之后,还要再认真看一两遍全文。这是因为一般会有少数几个错误拿不准,应该再次通读全文,利用语感做最后的判断。即使错误全部改正了,也要快速把正确答案代入短文中默读一遍,检查验证,从篇章的角度来看所改之处是否与全文匹配。2017全国卷3 When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how
fast time flies. I had grown not only physically and
also mentally in the past few years. About one month
after this photo was took, I entered my second year of
high school and become a new member of the school
music club. Around me in picture are the things they
were very important in my life at that time: car
magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying
difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop
music, and collecting the late music albums. This
picture often brings back to me many happy memories of
your high school days.四、真题实战演练∧havebecametakenbutthat/whichthe/thismylatestdifferent2017全国卷2 Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables!∧bothan/onewhichearlyBesidesinformationcomestointerested五、2018备考策略 短文改错覆盖面广,因此备考需要在平时学习中注意积累,建议从以下几个方面去努力:
牢固掌握语法知识,建立清晰的语法框架。
书面表达和短文改错相结合。养成写完每篇书面表达之后主动检查的习惯,从时态、语态、词法、名词的人称和数等几方面检查,提高对错误的敏感度。
分析高考短文改错真题,将错误进行归类整理;还可以尝试找一些题材、难度与高考短文改错相当或稍高的阅读短文,自己设置短文改错题目,体会短文改错的命题规律和思路。
注意培养自信心和平和的心态。心态平和了思维才能清晰,找点才能准确,才能在高考短文改错中从容应对,取得佳绩。
Life means nothing but continuous fighting!