it用法课件（26张）
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课件26张PPT。Grammar The use of “it”Discovering “It” It rains heavily.
2. It is 20 kilometers from Granddad's house to James’.
3. It is November 11, 2005.
4. It is 9 o’clock at night.
5.It'll be lovely in the garden tonight．
6. It is bad to smoke.
7. It is likely that he will succeed.天气距离日期时间形式主语环境形式主语1. it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:
Xi’an is?a?beautiful?city, isn’t?it?
2. 也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):
Is this your dog？No, it isn’t.一、it 作人称代词it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it：
指天气：
It is a lovely day, isn’t?it?
It is a bit windy. 2. 指时间:
It was nearly midnight when she came back.
3. 指环境:
It was very quiet in?the?café.
4. 指距离：
It is half an hour’s?walk?to the city centre from my home.二、it作非人称代词 5. 指日期：
--What's the date today?
--It's May 1, 2007.
6. 指季节：
It is summer now.
7. 指度量：
It is about 5 kilograms.
8. 指价值：
----What's the cost of the T-shirt?
----It is 150 yuan.替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。三、it用作形式主语（1）It +be+ adj.+（for sb.）+to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，well-mannered，ill-mannered，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerous…
It is illegal（for a teenager）to drive a car without a license. 1. 代作主语的动词不定式（2）It +be +adj. +of sb. +to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy.
It's kind of you to help me with the problem.It's no good/use doing…
It's（well）worth doing…
It's（well）worth one's while doing/to do…
It's（well）worth while doing/ to do
It's no use crying over spilt milk.(3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型2. it作形式主语替代主语从句 It is clear ( obvious，true，possible, certain …) that ...
该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然, 真的……）”
是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如：
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. ①It is +adj. +clause It is said (reported/ learned/believed
/thought/known/told/hoped.....) that ...
该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉．．．）”。
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.②It is v-ed that…=sb./sth. is to do ③ It is + noun +从句 It is a pity (a shame /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/... ) that ...
该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ 四、it作形式宾语 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。
该句型中的it 作形式宾语，常用的动词有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。 I think it no use arguing with him.
我认为和他争吵没有用。
I found it very interesting to study
English.
我发现学英语非常有趣。
He made it clear that he was not
interested in this subject.
他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。it用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构
(1)?动词+ it + that-从句。如：
I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。
I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。
You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排。
Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有?have, take, put, like 等。
(2)?动词 + it + when (if)-从句。如：
I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。
I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有?enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。(3)?动词 + prep + it + that-从句。如：
See to it that you’re not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。
Look to it that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。
You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。
I can’t answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。(f
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。
(4)?动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句。如：
I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活着。
I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb’s attention, owe it to sb 等。五、用于强调句型中It is/was? + 被强调部分 + that/who ...
It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... I met Tom in the park yesterday.1) It was I who met Tom in the park yesterday.2) It was Tom who I met in the park yesterday.3) It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.4) It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park.强调句用以强调主语，宾语，介词宾语以及状语。（强调人时用that和who ／whom皆可）
It was she who ／that had been wrong．
是她错了。 ( )
It was the girl whom ／that I met just now．
我刚才遇见的就是这个女孩。 ( )
It was Tom to whom the teacher had talked．
老师与其谈话的那个人是汤姆。 （ ）
It was on Monday night that all this happened．
所有这一切就是在星期一的晚上发生的。（ ）主语宾语介词宾语状语It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...
该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语 “直到……才……”，可以说是not ... until ... 的强调形式。例如:
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
六、It 常用的固定搭配 make it
（1）在口语当中相当于succeed，表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 例
? It's hard to make it to the top in show business.
（2）在口语中相当于fix the date for，表示“约定好时间”例?
—Shall we meet next week？
—OK. We just make it next Saturday.2. take it/things easy
相当于Don‘t worry or don’t hurry. 用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，沉住气”
Take it easy！ He will do it well.
3. It all depends/that all depends 在口语中，相当于it hasn‘t been decided yet，表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”
? —Are you going to the countryside for holiday？
—It/That all depends.
4. It's up to sb.
在口语中，相当于it's decided by sb. 表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……”
—Shall we go out for dinner？
—It's up to you.it 引起的容易混淆的时间句型 1、?it is/has been +段时间+since-clause 这个句型表示从since谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意思为：“自从……以来已经多久了“主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 It's five years since they got married. ?It is three years since his father passed away.
2.it be +段时间+before-clause ---这个句型中的时间是段时间（long years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes）,主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意思为："过多长时间才……"。主句谓语动词是否定式时，意思为："没过多长时间就……"。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be，用was时，before从句的时态用一般过去时，用will be时，从句常用一般现在时。如 It was not long before he learned those poems by heart.她没过多久就会背那些诗了。 It was long before the police arrived. It will be hours before he makes a decision. It will not be hours before we meet again3、?it be +点时间+when-clause这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词，时间为具体时间。主句中的谓语部分和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是will be时，从句中用一般现在时替换将来时。
如：It was already 8 o'clock we got there. It will be late afternoon when they get there. It was five o’clock _________I got home.
It was at five o’clock_______ I got home.
4、?it be +high/about 时间+that-clause 此句型是个虚拟语气句型，表示是该做……的时候了，此时无论主句中的be是什么时态，从句中的谓语动词一律用一般过去时或者should do
如：It is high time that we he went to school. It is time that we should make people's life a little better.whenthat5、It/This/That be the first(second/third…) time that-clause这个句型表示说话时为止某人的一种经历，关键是time前面的序数词，主句是is时，从句要用现在完成时，主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去完成时。 This is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall. It was the fifth time (that) I had paid a friendly visit to America.See you next time!
2. It is 20 kilometers from Granddad's house to James’.
3. It is November 11, 2005.
4. It is 9 o’clock at night.
5.It'll be lovely in the garden tonight．
6. It is bad to smoke.
7. It is likely that he will succeed.天气距离日期时间形式主语环境形式主语1. it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:
Xi’an is?a?beautiful?city, isn’t?it?
2. 也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):
Is this your dog？No, it isn’t.一、it 作人称代词it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it：
指天气：
It is a lovely day, isn’t?it?
It is a bit windy. 2. 指时间:
It was nearly midnight when she came back.
3. 指环境:
It was very quiet in?the?café.
4. 指距离：
It is half an hour’s?walk?to the city centre from my home.二、it作非人称代词 5. 指日期：
--What's the date today?
--It's May 1, 2007.
6. 指季节：
It is summer now.
7. 指度量：
It is about 5 kilograms.
8. 指价值：
----What's the cost of the T-shirt?
----It is 150 yuan.替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。三、it用作形式主语（1）It +be+ adj.+（for sb.）+to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，well-mannered，ill-mannered，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerous…
It is illegal（for a teenager）to drive a car without a license. 1. 代作主语的动词不定式（2）It +be +adj. +of sb. +to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy.
It's kind of you to help me with the problem.It's no good/use doing…
It's（well）worth doing…
It's（well）worth one's while doing/to do…
It's（well）worth while doing/ to do
It's no use crying over spilt milk.(3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型2. it作形式主语替代主语从句 It is clear ( obvious，true，possible, certain …) that ...
该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然, 真的……）”
是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如：
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. ①It is +adj. +clause It is said (reported/ learned/believed
/thought/known/told/hoped.....) that ...
该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉．．．）”。
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.②It is v-ed that…=sb./sth. is to do ③ It is + noun +从句 It is a pity (a shame /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/... ) that ...
该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ 四、it作形式宾语 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。
该句型中的it 作形式宾语，常用的动词有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。 I think it no use arguing with him.
我认为和他争吵没有用。
I found it very interesting to study
English.
我发现学英语非常有趣。
He made it clear that he was not
interested in this subject.
他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。it用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构
(1)?动词+ it + that-从句。如：
I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。
I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。
You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排。
Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有?have, take, put, like 等。
(2)?动词 + it + when (if)-从句。如：
I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。
I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有?enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。(3)?动词 + prep + it + that-从句。如：
See to it that you’re not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。
Look to it that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。
You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。
I can’t answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。(f
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。
(4)?动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句。如：
I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活着。
I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb’s attention, owe it to sb 等。五、用于强调句型中It is/was? + 被强调部分 + that/who ...
It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... I met Tom in the park yesterday.1) It was I who met Tom in the park yesterday.2) It was Tom who I met in the park yesterday.3) It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.4) It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park.强调句用以强调主语，宾语，介词宾语以及状语。（强调人时用that和who ／whom皆可）
It was she who ／that had been wrong．
是她错了。 ( )
It was the girl whom ／that I met just now．
我刚才遇见的就是这个女孩。 ( )
It was Tom to whom the teacher had talked．
老师与其谈话的那个人是汤姆。 （ ）
It was on Monday night that all this happened．
所有这一切就是在星期一的晚上发生的。（ ）主语宾语介词宾语状语It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...
该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语 “直到……才……”，可以说是not ... until ... 的强调形式。例如:
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
六、It 常用的固定搭配 make it
（1）在口语当中相当于succeed，表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 例
? It's hard to make it to the top in show business.
（2）在口语中相当于fix the date for，表示“约定好时间”例?
—Shall we meet next week？
—OK. We just make it next Saturday.2. take it/things easy
相当于Don‘t worry or don’t hurry. 用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，沉住气”
Take it easy！ He will do it well.
3. It all depends/that all depends 在口语中，相当于it hasn‘t been decided yet，表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”
? —Are you going to the countryside for holiday？
—It/That all depends.
4. It's up to sb.
在口语中，相当于it's decided by sb. 表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……”
—Shall we go out for dinner？
—It's up to you.it 引起的容易混淆的时间句型 1、?it is/has been +段时间+since-clause 这个句型表示从since谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意思为：“自从……以来已经多久了“主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 It's five years since they got married. ?It is three years since his father passed away.
2.it be +段时间+before-clause ---这个句型中的时间是段时间（long years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes）,主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意思为："过多长时间才……"。主句谓语动词是否定式时，意思为："没过多长时间就……"。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be，用was时，before从句的时态用一般过去时，用will be时，从句常用一般现在时。如 It was not long before he learned those poems by heart.她没过多久就会背那些诗了。 It was long before the police arrived. It will be hours before he makes a decision. It will not be hours before we meet again3、?it be +点时间+when-clause这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词，时间为具体时间。主句中的谓语部分和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是will be时，从句中用一般现在时替换将来时。
如：It was already 8 o'clock we got there. It will be late afternoon when they get there. It was five o’clock _________I got home.
It was at five o’clock_______ I got home.
4、?it be +high/about 时间+that-clause 此句型是个虚拟语气句型，表示是该做……的时候了，此时无论主句中的be是什么时态，从句中的谓语动词一律用一般过去时或者should do
如：It is high time that we he went to school. It is time that we should make people's life a little better.whenthat5、It/This/That be the first(second/third…) time that-clause这个句型表示说话时为止某人的一种经历，关键是time前面的序数词，主句是is时，从句要用现在完成时，主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去完成时。 This is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall. It was the fifth time (that) I had paid a friendly visit to America.See you next time!